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A54288 New instructions to the guardian shewing that the last remedy to prevent the ruin, advance the interest, and recover the honour of this nation is I. a more serious and strict education of the nobility and gentry, II. to breed up all their younger sons to some calling and employment, III. more of them to holy orders, with a method of institution from three years of age to twenty one. Penton, Stephen, 1639-1706. 1694 (1694) Wing P1440; ESTC R5509 42,499 186

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Riper Years either at Home or in the University or Country and that in Private or Publick Conditions for this was the business of The Guardian 's Instructions the Method Management and Parts of which may be known by the Preface before the Book or the Index at the end of it 2. My concern therefore at present is with the Knowledge of a Child and to reduce my own Observation with just Deference to others into some Rules to help at first and afterward to improve the Natural desire of Knowledge which discovers it self with the first exercise of Reason The Rules are Few and Easie because the eager Appetite after Novelty is heightened by the Pleasure which attends it so that if it be burdened with the Number or stifled with the Difficulty of Instructions Distrust will make the Defire more indifferent and the Progress more moderate 3. For Method sake I have measured out One and Twenty Years by such distinct Stages as I thought convenient with Directions agreeable to each Interval How to treat a Child from his beginning to Read 'till Six Years old from Six to Fourteen from Fourteen to One and Twenty These Distances are calculated for the common Capacity of Human Nature not for the Gigantick reaches of some singular Prodigies of Parts who do Wonders from the Cradle and early stride over one of these Stages in a Breath and if they did not hasten as fast to Die would want Matter to know before they come of Age. He who will undertake to prescribe just Rules for such Abilities as these were best first to take good care to be somewhat like them himself The First Stage For English AS soon as ever the Child is able to speak several Words plain let him be taught his Letters 1. By this means he will grow able much sooner and with much more ease to Apprehend and Pronounce all manner of Words than he would otherwise doe from the confusion of a bare Family-Noise Wherein the frequent difference of Tones and the hasty Abbreviations of Words in the common rambling Talk make the Child apt to mistake one Word or Syllable for another and so make it much longer before he come to speak perfectly well than it will be after he be thus somewhat prepared to observe apprehend and catch at the Pronunciation of the Syllables he hears 2. This will be a means to put some stop to the perpetual Motion and Hurry a Child is in all the Day long which is good for nothing but to make the Nurse sleep well For tho' it looks somewhat diverting to see a Child brisk yet if his Motion be too Violent or too Frequent it will keep his Brains in an everlasting Tumult and put him so many degrees back from thinking Whereas if he did but breath now and then on the Horn Book this would help to fix the Mercury of his Idle Soul give the Spirits time to settle and insensibly make preparation for as much resemblance of some kind of Seriousness as every degree of Tameness in Childhood can promise And the Pauses at first between every Letter and afterwards the distinctive Points in Sentences which the Child ought to be carefully taught to observe will bridle the Infant-Eartlestness make him look as if he did consider and in time make him really do so and I cannot but blame the common Practice It is thought a kind of Perfection in Reading if the Child read loud and fast beside the indecency of each one begets an ill-becoming Tone and the other hinders the minding the Sense and Truth of what is read 3. When you begin with a Child do not clog him with too much let him come to his Book as to his Recreation That the frequent exercise of Memory in Persons of Discretion helps it cannot be denied but burdening a tender memory doth not so the delight which is taken in Performances will strengthen the Faculty but tireing of it weakens the same The Mind of a Child is to be dieted like his Stomach little and often for fulness creates heaviness and that is but another name for dulness nay sometimes a Surfeit follows it now a Surfeit in the beginning of Learning is fatal If he dread and loath his Book if ever you intend to make him a great Man you must be sure to provide him a good Clark 4. Forasmuch as the unexperienced Apprehension of a Child is weak and tardy the Elements of Instruction ought to be very simple and easie For Difficulty and Discouragement begin with the same Letter And therefore tho' I were sure to have my Eyes scratcht out the next Moment I cannot forbear speaking irreverently of the Grave Horn-Book in use which brings in the Country School-Dames so many Groats a Week For the mixing the Great and Small Letters at first teaching and putting down the same Letter in different Figures as R. S. and V c. must needs distract an Infant and make him keep the Straw much longer in his Fingers than he need to do One Caution I cannot fail of putting in here There are certain Letters which some Children cannot so soon learn to pronounce as they do the others especially R. and L. if you find that this is not out of heedlesness only but some kind of unusual Difficulty go on at present without them they will come in time and do not stop the Child's progress 'till he get the Pronunciation of these two Letters also for you know not how much time you may hinder him of After he is perfect in his Letters let him Spell as follows Lord's Prayer OUR Fa-ther Father which art in Hea-ven Heaven Hal-low-ed Hallowed be thy Name Thy King-dom Kingdom come Thy Will be done on Earth as it is in Hea-ven Heaven Give us this Day our Day-ly Dayly Bread and for-give forgive us our Tres-pas-ses Trespasses as we for-give forgive them that Tres-pass Trespass a-gainst against us and lead us not in-to into Temp-ta-ti-on Temptation But de-li-ver deliver us from E-vil Evil. A-men Amen The Creed I Be-lieve Believe in God the Father Father Al-migh-ty Almighty Ma-ker Maker of Hea-ven Heaven and Earth and in Je-sus Jesus Christ his on-ly only Son our Lord who was con-cei-ved conceived by the Ho-ly Holy Ghost born of the Vir-gin Virgin Ma-ry Mary suf-fer-red suffered un-der under Pon-ti-us Pontius Pi-late Pilate was Cru-ci-si-ed Crucified dead and bu-ri-ed buried he deseen-ded descended in-to into Hell the third Day he rose a-gain again from the dead he a-seen-ded ascended in-to into Hea-ven Heaven and sit-teth sitteth on the Right Hand of God the Fa-ther Father Al-migh-ty Almighty from thence he shall come to judge both the Quick and the Dead I believe believe in the Ho-ly Holy Ghost the Ho-ly Holy Ca-tho-lick Catholick Church the Com-mu-ni-on Communion of Saints the for-give-ness forgiveness of Sins the Re-sur-re-ction Resurrection of the Bo-dy Body and the Life everla-sting everlasting A-men Amen The Ten Com-mand-ments Co mmand ments I. THou shalt have no o-ther other Gods