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A48432 A commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles, chronicall and criticall the difficulties of the text explained, and the times of the story cast into annals : the first part, from the beginning of the Booke, to the end of the twelfth chapter : with a briefe survey of the contemporary story of the Jews and Romans / by John Lightfoot ... Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675. 1645 (1645) Wing L2052; ESTC R21614 222,662 354

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certaine of the Iews and hee killed Iames the brother of Iohn with the sword The first words About that time relate to what went before in the preceding Chapter vers 28. and meaneth in the dayes of Claudius Caesar. Now what should bee the incentive of the spleene of Agrippa against the Church it is not specified it may well bee supposed it proceeded from that his Ceremoniousnesse and strict observance of Mosaick Rites which is mentioned by Iosephus Concerning the Martyrdome of Iames under this his spleene wee will content our selves with the words of the Text He killed Iames the brother of Iohn with the sword accounting all other additionall circumstances which may bee found in officious Authors to bee nothing else but gilded legends and fond inventions As that mentioned by Eusebius out of Clemens his Hypotypose●n concerning his accuser that seeing his constancy to the death confessed the faith and was martyred with him That by Epiphanius that hee lived and dyed a virgin and that by Surius who is the bell-weather for old winter tales that telleth That his body after his martyrdome was shipped by Ctesiphon and his fellow-Bishops for Spaine that the Ship in six dayes was directed thither without Pilot or Compasse but onely by the influence of the Corpse that it carryed That at the landing the body was taken up into the aire and carryed neare the place of its buriall twelve miles off That Ctesiphon and his fellows were led to it by an Angel And more such trash that it is but labour lost either to read or mention Sect. II. The Apostles Creed The Creed was made upon this occasion saith Rabanus Maurus as our Ancestors have delivered unto Vs. The Disciples after the Ascension of our Saviour being inflamed with the holy Ghost c. And being cha●ged by the Lord to goe to all Nations for the preaching of the Gospel when they are to part one from another they fi●st make a common platforme among themselves for their future preaching Lest being severed in place divers and different things should bee preached to those that were invited to the faith of Christ. Being therefore together in one place and filled with the holy Ghost they compose a short platforme for their preaching conferring together what they thought And this they appoint to bee given to them that beleeve and to bee called Symbolum Thus hee and very many others with him conceiving that the Apostles supplyed not onely the matter of the Doctrine contained in the Creed but the very forme and words also For Peter said say they I beleeve in God the Father Almighty John The maker of Heaven and Earth James And I beleeve in Iesus Christ his onely Son our Lord. Andrew Which was conceived by the holy Ghost borne of the Virgin Mary Philip Suffered under pontius-Pontius-Pilate was crucified dead and buryed Thomas Hee descended into hell the third day hee rose againe from the dead Bartholomew Hee ascended into heaven sitteth at the right hand of God the father Almighty Matthew From thence shall he come to judge both the quicke and the dead James the sonne of Alpheus I beleeve in the holy Ghost the holy Catholick Church Simon Zelotes The communion of Saints the forgivenesse of sinnes Judas the brother of James The resurrection of the flesh Matthias The life everl●sting Amen Thus the hundred and fifteenth Sermon de Tempore that goeth under the name of Austen but apparent that it is no● his by this that here is ●eckoned the descent into hell which in his book de F●de Symbolo is quite omitted Now were this tradition as true as it is punctuall it would readily plead for its owne place in Chronologie namely about this time at which wee now are before Iames his death for hee gave in his symbolum according to this tradition among the rest But that this opinion of the Apostles casting in every one his parcell is of no validity but a presumptuous and false surmise may bee evinced by these Arguments First Because the titl● of The Catholick Church is neither used in any of the Apostles writings nor is it likely that it came into use till after the Apostles dayes when the Church was dispersed into all parts of the earth Secondly because the Article Hee descended into hell is not owned or acknowledged at all by the Nicene Creed nor by any of the ancientest Fathers next the Apostles times in their reckoning up of the Articles of the Creed as see instances in abundance in Polanus his Syntagma lib. 6. cap. 21. Thirdly if the matter and words of the Creed had beene from the Apostles themselves why is it not then Canonicall Scripture as well as any of the sacred Writ Fourthly in the giving in of their severall symbols or parcell● after the manner opinionated before there is so great disproportion and inequality some giving so much and some so little that it maketh the contribution it selfe to bee very suspitious Fifthly the Summary Collection of the points of Christian religion taught by the Apostles and delivered by them to others to teach by consisteth of two heads faith and love 2 Tim. 1.13 But the Creed consisted of faith onely I rather thinke therefore saith Mr. Perkins that it is called the Apostles Creed because it doth summarily containe the chiefe and principall points of Religion handled and propounded in the doctrine of the Apostles and because the points of the Creed are conformable and agreeable to their Doctrine and writings Sect. III. Traditions With their framing of the Creed before their parting hath Baronius joyned al●o their delivery of Traditions Sicut symbolo saith hee ita etiam aliis absque Scripturâ traditionibus Ecclesiae impertitis diviserunt sibi ad quas singuli proficiscerentur orbis terrae provincias Having thus imparted the Creed and also traditions without Scripture to the Church they parted among themselves what Countrey every one of them should goe unto These Traditions the Councell of Trent divideth into those which were received by the Apostles from the mouth of Christ or delivered from hand to hand from the Apostles to our times the holy Ghost dictating them unto them And these those Fathers hold of equall authority with the Scriptures and the Councell curseth them that shall willingly and knowingly contemn them And well doe they deserve it if they did but certainly and assuredly kn●w that they came from such hands Bellarmine hath stretched the name and peece o● traditions to one tainterhook higher For Traditions saith he are Divine Apostolicall and Ecclesiasticall Divine are those which were received from Christ himselfe teaching his Apostles and yet are not to bee found in the Scriptures such are those which concerne the matter and forme of the Sacraments Apostolicall are those which were instituted by the Apostles not without the assistance of the holy Ghost and yet are not to bee found in their Epistles Ecclesiasticall traditions are properly called
2. There was a chiefe Captaine that was Governour of the whole Garison at Hierusalem as Chap. 21.33 24.7 and his severall Companies lay placed in severall Courts of Guard about the City among the rest this was one within the virge of the Temple the greatest badge and signe of all other of the Jews present servitude and subjection when their very Temple and service had a heathen bridle put upon it And thus did the abomination of desolation begin to creepe in and to stand in the place where it ought not Vers. 2. Being grieved that they taught the people This grievance of the Priests Sadduces and Captaine of the Temple proceeded from severall principles and causes The Captaines distaste was for feare the businesse should tend to innovation or tumult the Sadduces because they preached the resurrection of the dead which they denyed Chap. 23.8 the Priests because they being private men went about to teach the people and chiefly because they preached the resurrection through Jesus Through Iesus the resurrection from the dead Though the whole Nation did so generally assert and hold the resurrection of the dead the Sadduces only excepted that they made the denyers of this point one of the three Parties that should never have part in the world to come as they speak in the Talmud in the Tractate of Sanhed Per●h Helek These are they that have no portion in the world to come hee that saith The resurrection of the dead is not taught from the Law and he that saith That the Law is not from heaven and Epicures Yet was this no lesse then heresie in their esteeme to teach that the resurrection of the dead was either 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proved and experienced in Iesus or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the power and efficacy of Iesus that either Iesus was risen or that hee should bee the Author of the resurrection Verse 4. And the number of the men was about five thousand The 5000 mentioned here were the number of Converts and not of Auditors and they were a single number by themselves and not an addition to the 3000 mentioned before to make them five thousand For first the holy Ghost intendeth in this booke to shew the power of the Gospel rather then the bare preaching of it and how many it converted rather then how many heard it Secondly the juncture of the verse is so close and facil that none can understand it any otherwise then of the number of beleevers unlesse it be for very captiousnesse for the Text saith that many of them that heard the word beleeved And how many was that many Namely 5000 men For thirdly how ridiculous were it to interpret that the holy Ghost should tell us that there was an audience in the Temple of 5000 men Why Iosephus saith that generally every course of the Priests contained so many And it would bee utterly strange if the holy Ghost which in all the Bible never numbred an audience at the Temple no not when he was intentionally writing of the service and assembly there should doe it now when hee is purposely upon a story of men converted to the Gospel Again that this is an intire summe different from the 3000 in the second Chapter is plaine by the very story in hand For first it is a discourse concerning a miracle done by Peter and Iohn and all the Chapter to the three and twentyeth verse keepes close to that relation and what reason possibly bly can be given that this clause onely should start from it Secondly it were an uncouth manner of reckoning and such as the Scripture is utterly unacquainted with to number 5000 and to meane but 2000 and never to give any notice that it so meaneth Thirdly The number of the men were 5000. Of what men Of those which heard the word What word The word preached by Peter and Iohn vers 1. and not the word preached on Pentecost day by all the Apostles Thus is the Church become 8000 numerous by two Sermons besides the multitudes that were beleevers before and those whose conversion is not summed Ver. 5. Their Elders Rulers and Scribes c. In this Councell and Consistory that was now gathered the Evangelist exhibiteth variety of members First their Rulers or the chiefe Priests the heads of the twenty foure courses Secondly Scribes or other Doctors of the Tribe of Levi. Thirdly Elders or the Seniors and Senators of the other Tribes Fourthly Annas the Nasi or President of the Sanhedrin Fifthly Caiaphas the High Priest the Abbeth diu the father of the Court. Sixthly John as it seemeth the sonne of Annas the Governour of Gophins and Acrabatena in the time of Nero Ioseph de bello lib. 2. cap. 25. Seventhly Alexander called also Lysimachus and Alabarcha of whom wee shall have occasion to discourse afterward Eightly As many as were of the High Priests kindred brethren or Cosens of that family so that by this concourse of all these at this time divers of whose employment and residence was at distance it may bee the rather supposed that this was at some solemne Festivall that had brought them all to Ierusalem Vers. 7. And when they had set them in the midst The Sanhedrin sate in halfe the floure in a circle Rambam Sanhedrin Pere 1. Those who had any thing to doe in the Court stood or sate in the midst of them Luke 2.46 Sect. By what name have yee done this So did they very foolishly conceit that the very naming some names might do wonders as Acts 19.13 the Talmud in Shab forgeth that Ben Satds they have a blasphemous meaning in this expression wrought miracles by putting the unutterable name within the skin of his foot and there sewing it up Vers. 11. This is the stone which was set at nought In Psal. 118.22 which is the place from which this speech is taken is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the stone refused so is it Mat. 21.42 that according to the Hebrew Text but here the Apostle heightens the expression that hee may set home their abuse of Christ nearer to their hearts and may shew the humiliation of Christ the more The Syriack mindeth not this but translates this place and Matth. 21.42 by the same word refused The Chaldee interpretation of the Psalme from whence the phrase is taken is exceedingly conceited it runneth thus The youth which the builders refused among the sons of Jesse obtained to bee set for King and Governour This was from the Lord said the builders and it is wondrous before us said the sons of Jesse This is the day which the Lord hath made said the builders Let us bee glad and rejoyce in it said the sons of Jesse Save us now said the builders Prosper us now said Jesse and his wife Blessed is he that commeth in the name of the Lord said the builders Let them blesse you from the house of the Lord saith David The Lord give us light said ●he Tribes of the