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A16282 The manners, lauues, and customes of all nations collected out of the best vvriters by Ioannes Boemus ... ; with many other things of the same argument, gathered out of the historie of Nicholas Damascen ; the like also out of the history of America, or Brasill, written by Iohn Lerius ; the faith, religion and manners of the Aethiopians, and the deploration of the people of Lappia, compiled by Damianus a ̀Goes ; with a short discourse of the Aethiopians, taken out of Ioseph Scaliger his seuenth booke de emendatione temporum ; written in Latin, and now newly translated into English, by Ed. Aston.; Omnium gentium mores, leges, et ritus. English. 1611 Boemus, Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Góis, Damião de, 1502-1574.; Nicolaus, of Damascus.; Léry, Jean de, 1534-1611. Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil.; Scaliger, Joseph Juste, 1540-1609. De emendatione temporum.; Aston, Edward, b. 1573 or 4. 1611 (1611) STC 3198.5; ESTC S102777 343,933 572

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twy-light Mattins in the morning and their houres at the first third sixt and ninth houre of the day and that all this if it be possible should be done in the Church humbly kneeling or standing before the Altar with their faces towards the East The Lords prayer and the Apostles Creed were then vsed to be sayd as they are now at this day Saint Hierome at the instance of Pope Damasus distributed and digested the Psalmes by the dayes assigning to euery houre his proper Psalmes and their number as nine at nocturns vpon holy dayes and 12. vpon working daies for the laudes at Mattins fiue fiue at euen-song and at all other houres three and it was chiefly he that disposed and set in order the Gospels Epistles all other things which as yet be read out of the old new Testament sauing only the hymnes Damasus diuiding the Quire of singing men into two parts appointed them to sing in course the Anthemes written by S. Ambrose Bishop of Millaine added Gloria Patri to the end of euery Antheme The Toletan Agathon Councels allowed the lessons hymnes which be read before euery houre The prayers grails tracts alleluias offertories communions in the Masse anthems versicles tropes and other things sung and read to the honor of God in the office of the Masse as well for the day as night were penned by S. Gregory Gelasius Ambros and diuers others of the holy Fathers not all at once but at diuers times The Masse for so is that sacrifice called was celebrated at the first in that simple furniture and plaine manner as it is now vsed vpon Easter Eue. Pope Celestinus added the Priests manner of entrance to the altar the Gloria in excelsis was annexed by Telesphorus the hymne which begins et in terra was composed by Hillarie Bishop of Poictiers and was afterwards by Symachus ordained to be sung The salutations taken out of the booke of Ruth which the priest pronounceth 7. times in the Masse by saying Dominus vobiscum were appointed by Clement Anacletus Gelasius disposed the rest to the offertory in the Order they be now vsed except the Sequentiae which are said after the Masse and these Nicholas added the Apostles Creed which Damasus annexed vnto them out of the Constantinopolitan councell The Sermon which is preached to the people by the priest or deacon standing in a pulpit vppon holy-daies was rather vsed by tradition after the examples of Nehemias or Esdras then instituted by any other in which Sermon the people that be present at Masse bee admonished to communicate as in duty they are bound and that they should imbrace mutual loue that they should be purged from their sins not be polluted with vices when they receiue the Sacrament of the altar and for that cause he concludeth his Sermon with the publike confession of sinners he declareth moreouer vnto them the contents of the old and new Testament and putteth them in mind of the ten Commandements the twelue Articles of our beleefe the seuen Sacraments of the Church the liues and Martyrdomes of Saints the holy-dayes and fasting daies instituted and ordained by the Church the vices and vertues and all other things necessarie for a Christian to know Pope Gregory added the Offertory to the Masse and Leo the Prefaces Gelasius and Sixtus the greater and lesser Canons and Gregory the Lords prayer out of the Gospell of Saint Mathew Martial Saint Peters Disciple instituted that Bishoppes should giue the benediction and Innocentius that inferior Priests should offer the Pax Agnus Dei was adioyned by Sergius the Communion by Gregorie and the Conclusion in these wordes Ite missa est Benedicamus Domino or Deo gratias was inuented by Pope Leo. The twelue Articles of our Faith which the holy Apostles haue commanded euery one not onely to acknowledge but most constantly to beleeue be these following The first that there is one God in Trinitie the Father Almightie Maker of heauen and earth the second That Iesus Christ is his onely begotten Sonne our Lord the third that he was conceiued of the holy Ghost borne of the Virgin Mary the fourth that he suffered vnder Pontius Pilate was crucified dead and buried the fift that he descended into hell and the third day rose againe from the dead the sixt that he ascended into heauen and that there hee sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty the seuenth that he shall come againe in glorie to iudge both the quicke and the dead the eight that there is a holy Ghost the ninth that there is a holy Catholike Church the tenth that there is a Communion of Saints and remission of sinnes the eleuenth that there is a resurrection of the flesh and the twelfth that there is an eternall life after death in another world The tenne Commandements which were written with the finger of God and deliuered by the hands of his seruant Moses to the people of Israel and which he willed vs to obserue and keepe be these following The first to beleeue that there is one God the second not to take the name of God in vaine the third to keepe holy the Sabbath day the fourth to honour our fathers and betters the fift to do no murther the sixt not to commit adulterie the seuenth not to steale the eighth not to beare false witnesse the ninth not to couet other mens goods and the tenth not to desire another mans wife nor any thing that is his The seuen Sacraments of the Church which bee included in the last fiue Articles of our faith and which the holy Fathers haue commanded vs to beleeue be these following First Baptisme and this Sacrament heretofore as it was established by a canonicall sanction was not ministred vnto any vnlesse vpon very vrgent necessitie but vnto such as were afore-hand well instructed in the faith and sufficiently catechised and examined thereof seuen sundrie times to wit vpon certaine dayes in Lent and vppon the vigils of Easter and Penticost beeing the vsuall times for consecration in all Parishes But this Sacrament beeing aboue all the rest most necessarie vnto saluation and least any one should depart out of this life without the benefit thereof it was ordained that as soon as an infant was borne he should haue God-fathers procured for him to be his witnesses or sureties and that then the child beeing brought by his God-fathers before the church doore the Priest standing there for the purpose should demand of the child before he dippe him in the holy Font whether he will forsake the Diuell and all his pompes and whether he stedfastly beleeue all the Articles of the Christian faith and the God-fathers affirming on his behalfe the Priest bloweth three times in the Infants face and when he hath exorcized and catechized him he doth these seuen things in order vnto the child first he putteth hallowed salt into his mouth secondly hee annointeth his eyes eares and
and wonderfull as yeelding to the husbandman in some places a hundred fould increase It is strange that is reported of the fruitfulnes of Mauritania in Affricke that there be Vines bigger then two men can fatham and clusters of Grapes of a cubite in compasse that there be stalkes of wilde Parsley wilde Fennell and thistles of twelue cubits in length and of a wonderfull thicknesse much like vnto the Indian Cane the knots or ioynts whereof will fill eight bushels there are also herbes called Sperage of no lesse notable bignesse Their Cipres trees about the hill Atlas be of an exceeding height without knots and with a bright leafe but of all their Cytron tree is the most noble and of the Romaines accounted most daintie Affricke breedeth Elephants and Dragons which lying in waite for other beasts kill all they can catch as Lyons Libards Bufles Goates and Apes whereof there bee great store in many places There bee also beasts like Camels and Panthers and beasts called Rhizes which bee like vnto Bulls And according to the opinion of Herodotus that country breedeth horned Asses besides Dragons Hyaenaes Porcupines wilde Rammes and a kinde of beast begotten betwixt the Hyaena and the Wolfe which is some-what bigger then the ordinary kinde of Wolues Panthers Storckes Egles Estridges and sundry kinds of Serpents but especially the Cerastes which hath a little body and hornes like a Ramme and the Aspe which is little likewise but very venimous against whose mischiefe the Ratte a very little creature is by nature opposed for a remedy Of Aethiopia and the ancient customes of that Country CAP. 4. EThiopia is deuided into two regions whereof one lyeth in Asia the other in Affricke That in Asia is now called India and is washed on the East with the red and Barbarian Sea and lieth Northward next vnto Libia and Aegipt vpon the west it hath the inner Libia and vpon the south it ioyneth to the other Aethiopia which is bigger and more southward This Aethiopia in Affrick is so called of Aethiops the sonne of Vulcan who gouerned there as Plinie is of opinion or else of the Greeke word aitho which signifieth to burne and ops which is the countenance because that country is parched and burned by reason of the neerenesse of the sunne for the heat there is exceeding great and continuall as being directly vnder the Meridian line Towards the west it is mountanous full of sand and grauell in the middle and desert in the east It containeth many sorts of people of diuerse and monstrous countenances and horrible shapes They were thought to bee the first people that liued and that they being in that country naturally bred continued free-men and were neuer subiect to slauery the gods were there first honoured and sacred ceremonies ordained they had a double vse of letters for some letters were called holy and were only known to the Priests the other serued for the common people nor were there formes of letters such as thereof could sillables bee framed but either like some liuing creature or the outward parts of mens bodies or resembling sundry instruments of worke-men and euery figure or forme of letter had his proper signification as by the Hawke was signified swiftnesse mischiefe and craft by the Crocadile watchfulnesse by the eye and so like-wise of other things Who-so-euer of their Priests was most troubled with vaine visions him they accounted the most holiest and creating him for their King adored him as though he were either a God or at the least giuen them by diuine prouidence and yet his supreame authority exempted him not from the obedience of their lawes but that hee was to doe all things according to their ancient customes and not to reward or punish any man himselfe but vpon whome soeuer he intended to take punishment to him hee sent the executioner to present him with the signe of death which was no sooner viewed by him to whome it was sent but forthwith who euer he were hee would goe home to his owne house and there procure his owne death for so great honour and affection did the subiect beare to his soueraigne that if it happened at any time by an accident the King to bee weakned or faint in any one part of his body all his friends and followers would of their owne accord weaken that part in themselues accounting it an odious thing that their King should be lame or blind of one eye and all his friends not to bee in like manner blind and lame also Their custome was also as is reported that their King being dead all his friends would willingly depriue themselues of life accounting that death most glorious and the surest testimony of true frindshippe The people by reason of the neerenesse of the heauens went for the most party naked couering onely their priuities with sheeps tayles and some few clothed them-selues with skinnes some of them also wore breeches made of haire their greatest imployments were about their Cattell their sheepe bee very little and of a hard and rough fleese their Dogges bee little likewise but very sharpe and eager Millet and Barley are their cheefest graines which serueth them both for bread and drinke and they haue no kinde of fruites vnlesse it be Dates and those be very rare also Many of them liued with hearbes and the slender rootes of reedes they eate also flesh milke and cheese The Isle of Meroê was once the head of the kingdome the forme thereof is like vnto a sheeld and it lyeth along by the riuer of Nylus for the space of three thousand stadia The Sheapheards that Inhabited that Ile were great huntsmen and the husbandmen had mines of gold Herodotus saith that those people of Aethiopia which be called Macrobij esteemed more of brasse than of golde for their gold they put to such base and vile vses as the Embassadors of Cambyses King of Persia being sent thether saw diuerse offenders fettered in prison in chaines of gold Some of them sowe their ground with a kinde of pulse and some others plant the Lote tree they haue Hebon wood and Pepper in great aboundance Elephants they hunt and eate they haue also Lyons Rhinocerots which bee enemies to the Elephant Basilisks Libbards and Dragons which winding and intangling themselues about the Elephants destroy them by sucking out their bloud There is found the Iacint stone and the Chrisophrasus which is a greene stone mixt with a golden brightnesse there is Cynamon gathered likewise Their weapons were bowes made of wood that was parched in the fire and foure cubits in length their women were good warriors the most of them hauing their lips thrust through with a ring of brasse Some of the Aethiopians worshipped the Sunne at his rising and inueighed bitterly against him at his going downe many of them cast their dead bodies into riuers some other put them into earthen