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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44280	An essay concerning the Sabbath, or, The Sabbath-days rest from controversie wherein is asserted that our Christian Sabbath, Lords-day, or Sunday is the very same day of the week which was anciently observed by the Jews and Gentiles for the solemn day of their solemn weekly worship, before Israels coming out of Ægypt and after that by gentiles : prefaced, with an introduction thereunto touching the true meaning of Gen. 2 v, 2, 3 / by N. Homes.	Homes, Nathanael, 1599-1678.	1673 (1673)	Wing H2564; ESTC R28681	38,857	162

which it was Sun-rising or Sun-setting or Noon or Midnight or when the Sun first shined forth to the World or when half of that Fourth-Day or when it was fully ended I say therefore these days these Universal days cannot be made the footing of the Accompt for the measuring out of our Artificial Day and Night the parts of the Natural Day Our ordinary Seven days cannot derive their Number and beginning from the said Vniversal Days to an hour ¶ 4. We answer That Moses wrote the Book of Genesis when he had been Inspired by the appearance of God to him calling him and enabling him to that Miraculous Work of bringing Israel out of Aegypt Exod. 3.2 So that he wrote that Book after Israels coming out of Aegypt at which deliverance their Year Month and Day was changed Exod. 12.41.42 Levit. 23.32 The Natural Day was now to begin at Evening as aforesaid whereas before that it began in the Morning as we have shew'd Therefore if Moses should now have said Gen. 1. The Morning and the Evening was the First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Day putting the Morning before the Evening he might have seemed thereby to have disliked the said Change appointed by God as aforesaid of making the Evening the beginning of each day after their coming out of Aegypt CAP. VI. Of the Reason why the Jews must change the beginning of the Day as aforesaid and so of the Day from our Sunday or Lord's-day to the Jews Saturday as they commonly call it Sect. 1. THE First Reason was for a Memorial or Memorandum of their deliverance out of Aegypt as before proved Sect. 2. The Second was because the Heathens did Dedicate and Celebrate the Ancient Sunday that was observed piously to God before Israels coming out of Aegypt to the Sun the Heathen I say Dedicated it to worship that Planet on that day And for that reason the Lord would not have the Jews to observe it any longer but would have them change it ¶ 1. Thus God of old would not have his people use the names of lawful things nor mention such names which the Idolaters were wont to use Hos 2.16.17 It shall be at that day saith the Lord that thou shalt call me ISHI and shalt call me no more BAALIM For I will take away the Names of BAALIM out of her mouth c. Why would not the Lord be called Baalim but Ishi seeing both fignifie the same thing that is My Husband or my Lord The Reason was because Baal was the name that Heathens gave to their Gods And therefore God would have the name of Baalim the plural of Baal to be utterly removed out of the mouths of his people ¶ 2. For the same Reason he would not have his people to observe the Ancient Sunday in use before Israels return from Aegypt because the Heathen called it by that name in relation to their Worshiping the Sun on that day And therefore God would have the day changed This will more appear in the next Chapter CAP. VII Touching the Ancient Sunday and the observation thereof by Jews and Heathens before Israels deliverence out of Aegypt Sect. I. T IS untradictably probable beyond all demonstration to the contrary and with fair reason on our part that the ancient Sunday for solemn Worship of God before Israels return from Aegypt which Sunday is now our LORD'S DAY was observed by the Patriarchs before the Flood and by them after the Flood in honour to the true God who had Created that wonderful frame of Heaven and in it that transcendent shining Planet the Sun whom that is God that Creator they of the Patriarches before the Flood worshiped on that day by imitation of God's resting on the Seventh day of his Creation which is urged in the Fourth Commandement as to a Seventh day Sabbath if not to THE Seventh day Sabbath which we now observe as our Lords-day of which more after N. B. I note it chiefly here to intimat that Gods example of resting the Seventh day at the Creation hath in it an Argument for Imitation that his people should observe that most ancient Sunday of which we speak that example of God's resting being then fresher to the Patriarchs and those times by Two thousand of years then at the giving of the Moral Law And the practise of the after-times do much shew us what was the practise of former-times Men being very apt to follow their Fore-fathers in the outward profession of Religion And to use those forms of speech relating to Religion which of old were wont to be used The Patriarches therefore before the Flood no doubt called and accompted God to be their Sun in a figurative sense as the Patriarches that were after the Flood and their succeeding Generations did likewise Num. 6.25 Aaron and his Sons shall on this wise bless the Children of Israel saying unto them The Lord bless thee and keep thee the Lord make HIS FACE TO SHINE VPON thee So Deut 33.1 2. And this is the blessing wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the Children of Israel before his death And he said the Lord came from Sinai and rose up from Seir unto them he SHINED FORTH from Mount Paran And Job at least as ancient as Moses if not ancienter argues with God that he would not shine upon the Wicked and therefore would not oppress or despise him that is would SHINE upon him And it is a common phrase with David in Prayer to say Make thy face to SHINE upon me or upon us Psal 31.16 Psal 71.1 And Psal 8. It is the burden or foot of the divine Song And Psal 84. ver 11. He calls God by the name of the Sun The Lord God saith he is a SVN and a Shield to them that walk uprightly And Malac. 4.2 He viz. Christ is called the SVN of Righteousness with healing in his wings that is in his Beams Sect. 2. Now as 't is true that the Pious Patriarchs of old in a figurative sense calling and accompting God to be as their Sun did call and accompt their weekly solemn day of their Solemn Worship of him by the name of Sunday or Suns-day See before Chap. 7. or day of the Sun as aforesaid So it is as true which further confirms the Section next before that Idolatrous Heathen of very ancient times and downward in imitation of the Jews Worshiping the true God their Metaphorical Sun did on the said Sunday worship the Material and Natural Sun and upon that accompt called it their Sunday or Day of the Sun For we know that Idolaters were always the Apes as Divines call them of true Religion Upon their mis-apprehensions and mal-applications of divine Inspirations and Institutions given by God to Godly men they grounded their Idolatrous Superstitions Of many take but two or three Instances viz. Because Abraham whiles there was no solemn set place appointed of God for Worship built an Altar on the Mountain neer

That it is Credible that the first Fathers were taught of God concerning the manner of Worship And from the same God received the Religion of that Day Thus ye have a glance of Rivet's Third Argument The rest of Rivet's Arguments for the Original of the Sabbath to have been from the Beginning of the World I shall omit and dismiss untoucht both because Rivet himself confesseth That they are not of any great moment if the Three former and chiefer would not prevail as also because I here give the Reader notice that the main of them would be touched in our ESSAY CAP. V. D. Heylyn is Opposed in the Matter and Substance of the present Question of the Original of the Sabbath 1. By Learned Dr. Willet 2. By Worthy Mr Weemes both which contend for the Truth not in single Combat with every particular opposed but to assert and corroborate in gross and in common the main of the Controversy 1. HEylyn * In his History of the Sabbath makes the Challenge That those words Gen. 2. And God blessed the Seventh day c. are there delivered by way of Anticipation Anticipations saith he of the same nature not strange in Scripture No Law imposed by God on Adam touching keeping of the Sabbath The Fathers afore the Law kept not the Sabath c. So Heylyn Verba sine rebus 2. Doctor Willet's Answer Willet On Ger. 2. v. 3.14 in opposition thereunto on Gen. 2.4 Cites and Asserts as follows Here we have the Institution of the Sabbath saith Willet which afterward was revivd by the promulgation of the Moral Law We refuse therefore the erroneous Opinion of Tostatus and * In Gen. Lib. 1. p. 223. Pererius two Popish Authors who think that this Sanctifying of the Sabbath is here mentioned by way of Anticipation being not Instituted till the time of Moses For say they every day to man in the state of Innocency should have been a Sabbath Neither was there any positive Precept given to Adam in Paradise but only that of not eating the forbidden fruit But in this affirming they are grosly deceived 1. Man had now Transgressed before the Sabbath was Instituted as after shall be proved And therefore they do out of time urge the State of Man's Innocency 2. If Man had continued in that State seeing he was appointed to keep the Garden and not to live idly no not in Paradise it is most like that even then he should have kept the Sabbath as a rest and Intermission even from such Labour as became that place and as a Symbole unto him of a further perfection to be attained unto 3. That the Sabbath was Instituted now the Creation being finished it may appear by the Fourth Commandement Exod. 20.11 where this Reason of the Law is given For in Six days the Lord made Heaven and Earth c. 4. It is also evident that the Sabbath was kept by Godly Tradition before the Moral Law was given as appeares Exod. 16.23 To morrow is the Rest of the holy Sabbath to the Lord. N. B. 5. Thus the ancient Fathers Jerom Austin The ancient Fathers alledged and Origen ground the Institution of the Sabbath upon God's Example in this place Jerom. trad in Gen. 2. Aust Ps 80. And Origen thus answereth Celsus Lib. 6. objecting If God were weary that he need to rest God rested saith he that we resting from our labour should celebrate that day Thus of Doctor Willet Of Weemes in Chap. 6. CAP. VI. Now for a close let us hear Learned Weems speaking punctually and fully to the Question in his Exercitations divine Command 4. p. 229. Quest QVestion Whether the Sabbath was from the begining or not Ans The Lord setteth down his Example for Imitation to us because he rested that day that we may learn That the Institution of the Sabbath was from the beginning Which is contrary to them who hold That the Sabbath was not ordained to be kept till after the Lord had rained down Manna Ex. 16. Obj. And they say that these words The Lord rested from all his Works the Seventh day were a Reason added to Moses's Sabbath when the Law was given but not to Adams's Sabbath before the Fall Answ But we answer In the reasons of the Commands there is something Natural from the Begining and something added by Moses As in the respect of the 5th Commandement this was Juris Naturae of natural right given to Adam and all his Posterity viz. Honour thy Father and thy Mother THAT THY DAYS MAY BE LONG that is live happily here and then to be Translated to another life But his was Juris Mosaici of Mosaical right That thy days may be long in THE LAND WHITHER THOU ART TO GO So this was Juris Naturae of Natural Right in the Reason added to the Sabbath Thou shalt rest from all thy Works because God rested from his Works But this is only Juris Mosaici only of Mosaical Right That the Sabbath should be a Sign between God and them and belongeth not to Adam's Sabbath Ezek. 20.10 I brought them out of Egypt and gave them my Sabbaths that they might be a sign between me and them The Sabbath was 〈◊〉 particular Sign to them of their bringing out of Aegypt And they should always remember to keep it because the Lord brought them out of Aegypt The Sabbath was from the Beginning but it was accessory to the Jewish Church that it was made a Sign as the Rainbow was from the Beginning the Reflex of the Sun in a Cloud But it was not a Sign to the World until the Deluge Obj. 2 But they say we read nothing in the whole History of Genesis of the Sabbath or that any of the Patriarcks kept it Ans We read nothing that the Adulterous and Incestuous persons were put to Death before Judah's time N. B. Did the Patriarches suffer this sin to be unpunished all this time And is it probable that the Holy Men of God who Sacrificed to the Lord and Worshiped him had not a certain time for his Worship determined to them The Lord Sanctified the Sabbath as soon as he had rested from his Works and set up the Sun and the Moon Lemaguadim which is the Hebrew word used afterwards in the Law for the holy Convention ad stata tempora i. e. Set appointed times What appointed times were then for his Worship N. B. if not the Sabbath For as yet they had none of their Aniversary Feasts Obj. 3 Again they say That the words set down in this Law That thou mayst rest and thy Servant may rest belonged not to Adam's Sabbath For Adam before the Fall was not wearied and there should have been no servile Subjection before the Fall Therefore these words belong only to Moses's Sabbath Answ Although Adam should not have been wearied in dressing of the Garden yet it behoved him to rest that he might exercise himself only in the Worship of God And

¶ 1. In that when the parts of the Natural day are mentioned in Scripture before Israels coming out of Aegypt the Morning was set before the Night Gen. 1.16 17 18. God made two great Lights the greater Light to rule the DAY and the lesser Light to rule the Night he made also the Stars And God set them in the Firmament of Heaven And to rule over the DAY and over the NIGHT and to divide the LIGHT from the DARKNESS Likewise in Gen. 7.4 Yet seven DAYS and I will cause it to rain upon the Earth forty DAYS and forty Nights And vers 12. The rain was upon the Earth forty DAYES and forty Nights Item Gen. 8. last While the Earth remains Seed-time and Harvest and cold and heat and Summer and Winter and DAY and Night shall not cease ¶ 2. Because at what time soever or hour of the day light the Scripture speaks of the following Night it expresseth it in this manner To Night This Night This same Night as belonging to the same day and not to the following day See Gen. 19.34 Where THIS Night is exprest as the Night-darkness that followed the day's Day-light immediately foregoing as belonging thereunto So Gen. 26. 24. And Isaac went up from thence to Beersheba and the Lord appeared unto him THE SAME NIGHT that is the Night belonging to the immediate preceding DAY LIGHT wherein Isaac Travelled up to Beersheba ¶ 3. When at any hour of the day-light the Scripture mentions Night it speaks not of the Night as belonging to the day following but as belonging to the day before-going saying Yester-night Gen. 19.34 YESTERNIGHT I lay with my Father And Gen. 31.42 God hath seen saith Jacob to Laban mine affliction and the labours of my hands and rebuked thee YESTERNIGHT But when at Night they spake of the Day following they used not to say TO DAY or THIS DAY but to MORROW or the MORROW AFTER Num. 33.3 They departed from Rameses in the first Moneth in the fifteenth day of the first moneth on the MORROW AFTER the Passover the Children of Israel went out with an high hand c. So 1 Sam. 19.11 And Saul sent Messengers to David's house to watch him and to stay him in the MORNING And Michael David's Wife told him saying If thou save not thy life TO NIGHT TO MORROW thou shalt be slain signifying by the morrow another day Mat. 6.34 Jam. 4. 13 14. Sect. 2. Yea I might further assert That after Israels coming out of Aegypt the Jews mentioned in Scripture did commonly accompt the Artificial day of Day light to be the former part of the day in respect of their Civil affairs Exod. 13.21 22. The Lord went before them by DAY in a Pillar of a Cloud to lead them the WAY and by night in a Pillar of Fire to give them Light He took not away the Pillar of the Cloud by DAY nor the Pillar of Fire by Night So Levit. 8.35 Therefore shall ye abide at the door of the Tabernacle of the Congregation DAY and Night See also Num. 9.21 So it was when the Cloud was taken up in the MORNING then they journyed whether it was by DAY or by Night CAP. IV. Of the change of the beginning of the Natural Day and the Effect thereof Sect. 1. WHen the Israelites were come out of Aegypt the NIGHT was made excepted as before excepted the former part of the Natural day This appears ¶ 1. Because a never to-be forgotten Memorial or Memorandum is solemnly put upon that Night wherein they march'd out of Aegypt Exod. 12.42 It is a Night to be much observed unto the Lord for bringing them out from the Land of Aegypt This is that Night of the Lord to be observed of all the Children of Israel in their Generations ¶ 2. The Israelites were commanded after their coming out of Aegypt to celebrate the Sabbath from Evening to Evening Levit. 23.32 N. B. From Evening to Evening shall ye celebrate your Sabbath Sect. 2. The new beginning of the Week Whereupon they so begin their Week-days also whereby their Sabbath day was measured out unto them to be their Seventh day otherwise their Seventh day would not have been proportionable to their six days of labour Sect. 3. A new beginning of the Year From hence also their Year had a new beginning For whereas formerly they began their Year in the Month Tisri N. B. which consisted chiefly of our September after all their ingathering of all their Fruits of the Earth Exod. 23.16 And the Feast of Harvest the First-fruits of thy labours which thou hast sown in the Field and the Feast of INGATHERING which is in the END of the YEAR when thou hast gathered in the Labours out of the field Likewise Ex. 34.22 And thou shalt observe the Feast of weeks of the First-fruits of Wheat-Harvest and the Feast of Ingathering at the YEARS-END Now hence forward they were to begin their Year with the Moneth in which they had their Freedom from Aegypt Exod. 12. 2. This Moneth shall be unto you the BEGINNING of MONETHS it shall be the FIRST MONETH of the YEAR to you Which Moneth was called in the Hebrew Abib and by the Chaldee Nisan consisting partly of our March and partly of our April being with them the first Moneth after the Vernal Aequinoctial that is after the Spring-Aequality of the Day and Night So that from after their deliverance from Aegypt the Israelites had a new Year and a new Moneth and a new day to begin their year withal N. B. So that although in respect of their Civil Affairs they began their Year their Moneth and Day as they did before they came out of Aegypt yet in this New Ecclesiastical or Sacred Year they began their Day at Even All their Sabbaths and all other their Sacred days and so also their Week-days for measuring out to them their Sacred days they began at Even They had the Evening to be the former part of the Day Levit. 23.32 Sect. 4. To speak a little more particularly to the said Change That the Artificial day of Day-light among the Jews consisted of Twelve hours is evident by Scripture Act. 2.15 These men are not drunken as ye suppose seeing it is but the third hour of the day that is Nine of the Clock in the Morning so that Six in the Morning was the first hour of their day And Mat. 27.45 Now from the Sixth hour that is Twelve of the Clock at noon-day there was darkness to the Ninth hour i. e. Three of the Clock in the Afternoon And consequently the Twelfth hour was Six of the Clock at Evening the period of their day And proportionably was the reckoning of their Night ¶ 1. Now as Moses put back the account saying Levit 23.32 From Evening to Evening shall ye celebrate your Sabbath And upon that footing of the account Exod. 12.41 42. And it came to pass at the end of the Four hundred and thirty

Bethel Gen. 12.8 and Chap. 13.4 and there called on the name of the Lord the true God And likewise he planted a Grove in Beer-sheba and there called on the name of the Lord Gen. ●1 33 the Everlasting God And prepared all things at God's command to offer up his Son Isaac for a burnt-offering though afterwards he was forbidden the Execution Therefore Idolaters planted Groves Gen. 22. and Worshiped in High-places their Idols and made their Children to pass through the fire to them mentioned as high Crimes throughout the Old Testament Even such is the Rise of the highest Idolatry to wit of worshiping of false Gods That because Godly men Worshiped the true God according to his divine Inspirations and Institutions therefore Idolaters it an inique and unequel imitation Worshiped their false Gods according to their own inventions And this Idolatry is most Ancient N. B. and practised by Abraham Terah and Nachor in Chaldea before they were called out Josh 24. v. 3. and Converted from it Gen. 12.31 And Chap. 12.1 Now to draw down our discourse to the particular point in hand ¶ 2. The great and Universal Monarches Saturnus Babylonicus and Belus his Son and other Potentates of Assyria and Chaldea having Idolatrously se● up the whole Host of Heaven i. e The Sun Moon and Stars to be their Gods it is not imaginable that they would Dedicate any other day to the honour of their greatest God viz. the Sun the●● the day which the Patriarchs before the Flood Dedicated to God the Creator of the Sun which doth further appear in that those Worshippers of the Sun having robbed God of his Worship they robbed him also of his Name For Nimrod having given to the Sun his greatest God the Name of Baal ●e afterwards assumed that name ●o himself * Jo. Gr. Assyr Monarch And Belus giving ●o their greatest God the Sun ●he name of Jove the Contract of Jehovah the said Belus afterwards took that name to himself and was called Jove Bel. * Idem Biblian ¶ 3. And moreover seeing ●he Idolaters assigned to every of their Seven Planet-Gods one of the seven days in the week ●o considering sober man can ●hink otherwise but that they would Dedicate and Celebrate ●o their greatest God the SVN whom they called God of Gods and Lord of Lords the day formerly observed and celebrated to the great and true God of Heaven and Earth rather then to the Moon and Mercury or other their inferior Gods And therefore nothing can be more probable then that the Seventh day with the ancient Patriarchs was no other but that which afterwards was the SUN-DAY Sonnes-day or Day of or to the Sun with the Assyrians and from them was called Sunday or Day of the Sun by other Nations also as the other days of the week were called by the other names of the Planets as we do to this day viz. Moonday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday all Saxon names of the Six inferiour Planet-Gods Whereupon as I said before this was one reason why the Lord changed to the Jews the Seventh day from our Sunday to the Jews Saturday CHAP. VIII Proving that the Heathen Gentiles did of old in all Countries and Generations Worship the Sun Sect. 1. HAving shew'd how and by what means the Heathen Gentiles of old took cognizance of the Supereminency of Sunday or day of the Sun and hinted that they on that day worshiped the Sun Now for Confirmation of it and to make way to that which must follow it is requisite that I should prove That the Heathen Gentiles did ●n all Countries and Generations of old Worship the Sun ¶ 1. The Assyrians with the help of the Chaldeans set up the Idolatry of Worshiping the Host of Heaven viz. Sun Moon and the rest of the Planets Macrob. Saturn l. 1. c. 9.17 18 19 20 21 22 23. And Rabbi Maimonides one of the soberest of the Jewish Writers as some Learned assert affirms That from the days of Enosh the Stars were Worshiped as Gods After which time the great God was generally forgotten No man scarcely knew the true God but Enoch Methusalah Noah Sem. and Heber De Jol. 1. Quest Thus Maimonides * Maimon Some yea and of the Learned Quaere How Maimonides should come to know what he hath said Ans 1 To this first we Answer from Gen. 4.26 And to Seth was born a SON and he called his name ENOS then began men saith our English Translation to call upon the Name of the Lord. But the Learned H. Broughton * Broughtons works in Folio p. 11. p. 64. p. 219. p. 339. Presented it to King J●●●s in Print five times at least in his Works blame this Translation and thus Translates it Also to Seth was born a Son and he called his name Sorrowful Enos Then had sprung up prophaneness instead of calling upon the name of the Eternal And gives these reasons 1. At Enos Birth Religion is sorrowfully corrupted through Marriage with Cain's House Enos Sorrowful and Kenan Lamentable so called for Idolatry then arising For he saith in another place of his Works That the Ten Fathers or Patriarchs before the Flood had names given to them Consignificant to the time And 2. Because presently in the next Chapter save one Moses tells us viz. in Chap. 6. is the declining of the Sons of God in Religion and of the coming of the Flood And it seems by Nicholas de Lyra That the Learned Jews did understand this Scripture of the corrupting Religion in those times The Chalde● Paraphrase likewise Translates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Sons of Men gave off from calling upon the name of the Lord. And in that Edition in 4 o. Printed at London of that accurate Translation of the Bible by F. Junius a Learned Christian and J. Tremelius a Pious and Learned Jew Printed at London this Text is thus Translated Tunc coeptum est profanari in invocando nomine Jehovae That is then began men to be Prophane in calling upon the name of Jehovah And sutable are his notes upon the place Tunc sub Enoschi tempora Caeptum est profanari id est Alii posteri Schethi apud quos mansura est Ecclesia a Caiinitis corrupti caeperunt prophanare se In invocando i. e. in cultu Dei vide inquit Cap. 5.22 cap. 6.2 Now this Enos living above Five hundred years before the Flood shews us no small antiquity of Idolatry 2. We answer to the Quaere That the knowledg of the Planetary Idolatry might come down to the Ancient Rabbies by sure Tradition For as Sem lived about an hundred years before the Flood when the Planets were deemed to be the Universal Governors of the World So he lived long viz. Five hundred years after the Flood Though he lived not to Moses's time yet did he live till Abraham was an old Man if he did not live after Abraham's Burial Before which