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A60480 The doctrine of the Church of England, concerning the Lord's Day, or Sunday-Sabbath as it is laid down in the liturgy, catechism, and book of homilies, vindicated from the vulgar errours of modern writers, and settled upon the only proper and sure basis of God's precept to Adam, and patriarchal practice, where an essay is laid down to prove, that the patriarchal Sabbath instituted, Gen. 2. 3. celebrated by the patriarchs before the Mosaick Law, and re-inforc'd in the fourth precept of the Decalogue, was the same day of the VVeek, viz. Sunday, which Christians celebrate in memory of the perfecting of the creation of the world by the redemption of mankind. Smith, John, Rector of St. Mary's in Colchester. 1683 (1683) Wing S4110; ESTC R3081 78,815 242

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nothing left for Forrage to himself and 's Army nothing to feed on but Dust the carnal sensual devilish part of Mankind Now and not till now every Tree brought forth Fruit in its kind when the true Vine began to flourish when the Tree of Life had thus put forth its Leaves and Fruit for the healing of Mankind Till God thus shined in Man's Heart to give the Light of the Knowledg of the Glory of God in the Face of Jesus Christ he had not commanded the Light to shine out of Darkness out of that more dismal Darkness then sate upon the Face of the unformed Earth even that wherewith Adam's Sin had invelop'd the whole Creation and made it a more confused Chaos than that rude and indigested Lump out of which it had been reduced For hereby Adam defac'd the Image of God so far lost the the Dominion of the Creature as he retained not so much thereof as the Rule over himself Nay the whole Fabrick of the World was loosned and ready to fall this Keistone of the Arch being crumbled into Dust If Christ had not sustained the Weight of that ruinous Building upon his own Shoulders while it was a repairing by God's making Adam anew and building him upon a new Foundation even the Rock of Ages that precious and elect Corner-Stone at the laying whereof the Morning Stars sang together and all the Sons of God shouted for Joy Job 38. 6 7. Wast thou by when he laid the chief Corner-Stone thereof when the Morning Stars sang together c. Gen. 2. 4. These are the Generations of Heaven and Earth in the day that Jehovah made the Earth and the Heavens The name of Jehovah is here first given to God which Name the Cabalists observe to imply the Mercy of God as Elohim signifies his Justice P. Fagius in locum who observes also that the word Tholedhoth Generations is no where writ perfectly but here and Ruth 4. 18. because these Generations only to wit of the World and the Messias of whose Family the Book of Ruth treateth are perfect Now was Man twice formed as is implied vers 7. And the Lord God formed Vai-jitzer duplex hic est Jod ad significandum inquit R. S. duplicem hominis formationem hujus futuri seculi post Resurrectionem P. Fagius Here is a double Jod to signifie the two-fold Generation of Adam the first relating to this World the second to the World to come that is his Formation as Man his Reformation as a new Man And these Generations thus perfected are said vers 4. to be made in one day because the whole Creation was perfected by Man's new Creation at the entrance of the seventh day 6. Till all the Host of Heaven and Earth was thus finished by the Formation of the new Creature and Introduction of the second Adam God had not made sufficient Preparation for his resting in his Works as very good and altogether adequate to the bringing about of his own glorious and gracious ends But now this Workmanship of God created in Christ for good Works Eph. 2. 9. being made Christ's personal being exhibited in the Promise as adopted into Man's Family and Christ mystical being born of the immortal Seed of that Word of Promise and by Faith adopted into the Family of God the Pleasure of the Lord thus prospering in the Mediator's Hands and Christ's seeing and reaping the Fruit of the travel of his Soul what could the issue of this be but Satisfaction Acquiescency Rest Man renewed and restored into Communion with God through the Mediation of the Son of God was in the fore-Appointment of it the mutual Pleasure of God the Father and God the Son from all Eternity Prov. 8. 29 30 31. When he appointed the Foundations of the Earth then was I by him I was daily his delight rejoycing always before him in the habitable Parts of the Earth and my Delights were with the Sons of Men. The Son's delight was among the Sons of Men in the habitable parts of the Earth before Man was created or the Foundations of the Earth laid save only in the Decree and Appointment of God And this rejoycing of the Son was the Father's delight And for this Pleasures sake Heaven and Earth and the whole Furniture of both were created Rev. 4. 11. Thou hast created all things and for thy Pleasure they are and were created The whole World say the Jewish Doctors was created for the Messias and the Messias say all Christians was exhibited for the Redemption of Mankind from that state of Sin and Misery into which we fell through the Transgression of the Proto-plast This Redemption was tendred to Adam in the Promise of the Woman's Seed and accepted by Adam through Faith in that Promise and that acceptance ratified by a Covenant of Salt by a Sacrifice salted with Fire the Sacrifice of a whole Burnt-Offering which burning upon the Altar all Night unto the Morning Lev. 6. 9. And figuring the Oblation of Christ's Body and Adam's Oblation of his Body as a living Sacrifice holy and acceptable to God through Christ must needs come up with Acceptance before God and send forth a sweet Savour of Rest unto God at the dawning of the seventh Day The Talmudists say that God created Fire on the seventh day I suppose they mean that Fire that came down from Heaven on Adam's Sacrifice in token of God's Approbation So that God having perfected his Work on the seventh Day even all the Work that he had made Gen. 2. 2. Or all the Work that he created to make vers 3. Rested on the Seventh Day and sanctified it The Hebrews distinguish betwixt creating forming and making thus To create is the Production of any thing out of nothing to from is the bestowing of Form and Shape upon any thing created to make is to perfect finish and to adapt to its proper use that that is created and formed They are all three used to this sense in one Verse Isa 43. 7. I have created him for my Glory I have formed him yea I have made him that is every way fitted him for the attaining that end for which I created and formed him P. Fagius in Targ. Onkelos Now Adam being created to bring forth good Works in Christ Jesus was not God's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his Workmanship fitted for the Production of the end of his Creation while he was either in a state of Innocence or of the Lapse which alone is sufficient to prove that Adam fell and was restored by Faith in the promised Seed the day of his Creation for otherwise God could not have rested that is have taken Delight and Complacency in all the Work he created to make as very that is perfectly good and compleated for the effecting the end of Creation to wit the glorifying of God by good Works done in Christ And therefore that seventh Day 's rest on Sunday where God saw all very good as good as Heart
That Moses said c. but that must have the same interpretation or be rendred by the Preterpluperfect tense Moses had said that is had instructed Aaron what he should say and so must vers 11. And the Lord had said to Moses for it is manifest that God had said that to Moses before And the reson why it is repeated over and over that the Lord had said and Moses had said is to shew what part of that Revelation of his mind that God made to Moses vers 4 5. was communicated at that time by Moses to Aaron and by Aaron to the Assembly and what part of it was not then but afterwards communicated It being manifest that Moses did not acquaint them with the reason of God's precept to gather a double portion on the Sixth day till they had gathered it It remains therefore that seeing Aaron was not a Prophet who received Revelations immediatly from God but published Divine Revelations received by Moses unto the People which is the proper Work of an Ecclesiastical Minister in a Church-Assembly 1. Cor. 14. 23 24. his being appointed by Moses to speak argues this Assembly to have been a Church-Assembly Howbeit if what hath been offer'd for the proof of this second Inference shall upon serious ponderation seem too light the main Cause will suffer no other detriment than the loss of one peice of an Argument And indeed my main aim in urging this Text was to find sure footing for calculating the time backward unto the tenth day of the first month Exod. 12. whereon undoubtedly the Israelites kept a religious publick Assembly on course And that tenth day will be demonstrated to have been Sunday If it be made apparent that the fifteenth day of the second month whereon the Quails were gathered be to be reckoned the first of the six gathering dayes And that is SECT VI. The third Inference I draw from this Instance viz. that the fifteenth day of the second month whereon this solemn Church-Assembly conven'd on course was Sunday And that it was so will appear by computing the six gathering dayes immediately preceding the Jewish Saturday-Sabbath concerning which there is this only Question viz. Whether the fifteenth day be to be brought into the Account of those six gathering days For the resolution of which doubt let the divine Oracle be consulted vers 4. I will rain Bread for you from Heaven and you shall go out and gather it And the sixth day you shall gather twice as much and vers 12. ye shall eat Flesh to the full this day at even intor duas vesperas betwixt the two Evenings i.e. betwixt three a Clock in the afternoon and the shutting in This is that very time of the day wherein our Saviour was Crucified Dead and Buried and therefore their gathering dressing and eating their Belly full of Quails does as properly belong to this fifteenth day as our Saviour's Death and Burial unto Friday 2. Observe That the Precept to gather twice as much the Sixth day was given before any mention was made of Flesh and Bread distinctly and before Moses knew what they were to gather any further than was exprest by Bread rained down from Heaven Now Bread implies ver 4. all kind of Victuals as every one knows that can say the Lord's Prayer except such profound Clerks as are of that Boy 's humour who when he came to the Petition for daily Bread was wont to add and Butter too good Mother And what satisfaction could it have been to Moses to hear God promise Bread when the People murmured for want of Flesh as well as Bread if he had not conceived that both were comprehended under the name of Bread Besides David Psal 105. 40. called the Quails the Bread of Heaven which Psal 78. 27. he saith God rained upon them from Heaven the very word that God useth vers 4. I will rain Bread from Heaven Add to all this that our Saviour Joh. 6. 55 c. alluding to this very History of Quails and Manna useth the same form of expression The Bread that I will give is my Flesh Bread therefore as well here as there includes flesh and Bread Quails and Manna And to put this beyond all possibility of doubt the Septuagint and vulgar Latin express what they gathered on the sixth day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cibos duplices double necessaries double Victuals Lastly It was not for all kind of Flesh that they murmured for tho their Provision of Bread might possibly be spent yet that they should consume the Herds and Flocks they brought out of Egypt where they left not one Hoof behind Exod. 10. 26. in one months space is utterly incredible or that in that space they were grown so lean as to be unfit for Food seeing they had for that forty years long Oxen Sheep and Goats fit for Sacrifice Act. 7. 42. But for want of potted Flesh and such potted Flesh as they had plenty of in Egypt And that was no other than Quails which were so plentiful in Egypt that the Inhabitants could not consume them while they were fresh tho Josephus affirms that Egypt was so populous as it contain'd 750 Myriades besides the Inhabitants of Alexandria and therefore they potted them up for the whole year as saith Atheneus l. 1. c. 11. de Coturnicibus Now can it in reason be imagined that the Jews should make no account of that day whereon they gathered Quails their beloved and longed for Flesh that was Judaeis in deliciis saith Phavorinus From all which it is manifest that the fifteenth day on which the Quails were gathered was the first of the six gathering days The last whereof being Friday the Eve of their Saturday-Sabbath vers 22. the first must needs be Sunday the fifteenth day of the second month whereon this Assembly before the Lord was kept And therefore before this following Institution of the Jewish Saturday-Sabbath Sunday was their weekly Sabbath For the clearing of which I shall draw SECT VII This fourth Inference from this Instance viz. That the Saturday after this fifteenth day was the first Saturday Sabbath that ever was kept This is apparent from ver 22. On the sixth day they gathered twice as much And all the Rulers of the Congregation came and told Moses Now there cannot be imagined any other reason of their acquainting Moses herewith but that they might understand by him what was to be done with the overplus and to what purpose they were ordered to gather that proportion that day seeing what had been kept over-night stank the next morning vers 20. Vt ex eo cognoscerent quorsum hoc fuisset Jussum neque enim adhuc Dominus declaraverat se ob Sabbati Religionem id praescripsisse quod statim Moses explicat as Mr. Mede and Cornelius a Lapide observe They came to Moses to know of him wherefore this was commanded for the Lord had not as yet declared that he had prescribed this double portion with
the whole third Chapters unto chap. 4. which from ver 3. And in process of time they brought Offerings unto the Lord shews how the Patriarchs sanctified that Day that God had sanctified It is most manifest from this plain Chronological account of the sacred History that Man fell was restored and thrust out of Paradise the sixth day Cherubims being plac'd with flaming Swords to guard the Tree of Life leaving Adam no hope of life by the first Covenant whither then could he look for Life Eternal but to the promised Seed in Faith of whose Blood and acknowledgment of his own Sin he offered by God's appointment those Beasts in Sacrifice of whose skin 's God made him and Eve Coats that they appearing before God in that which was a Type of the Robes of Righteousness and pleading the Blood of the Covenant might be found and accepted in Christ in whom alone God is well-pleased and smelleth a sweet savour of Rest Upon which account he rested the seventh day and Adam with him in Christ To Adam ' s celebrating the praises of his Redeemer on this Sabbath Day the Chaldee Paraphrase or Targum of Jonathan who was fellow-disciple to Hillel with good old Simeon fourty years before our Saviour's incarnation saith P. Fagius on Gen. 1. seems to have respect for thus that renders the title of Psalm 92. An Hymn which the first man Adam said for the Sabbath-Day as Ainsworth observes Dicunt Rabboth quod Adamus hunc psalmum protulit quando creatus erat vesper Sabbati postea peccavit erat maledictus in hora duodecima diei sexti crat expulsas ab Edene Deus benedictus venit ad judicium mortis Sabbatum super vevit Et Adam Eucharistias quia erat liberatus a judicio mortis profert Darash R. Arama Vicars decupla carticum Adami dicitur ab Hebraeis quod talia dicere potuit Adamus cum res adeo primum conditas aspexit Grot. The Rabbins say that Adam made this Psalm on the Eve of the Sabbath at twelve of the Clock of the Day wherein he was created and afterwards sinned and was accursed and driven out of Eden The blessed God came to pass the Sentence of Death upon him the Sabbath came upon him And Adam because he was set free from the Sentence of Death brought forth thanksgiving Offerings That is saith Grotius because Adam may be supposed to have said such like words when he beheld the things that God created in the beginning SECT II. But all this together may perhaps seem too great a weight to hang upon the single Pin of this one Argument drawn from the Chronology of the History I will therefore more distinctly shew the truth of each particular 1. That Adam fell on the sixth day seems evident from that Greek Proverb grounded upon the almost universal Consent of the Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Adam was formed and deformed the same day quoted by Hamond L' Estrange p. 8. Which universal Consent took its rise from Psal 49. 12. Hinc Colligunt Hebraei in Berescit Rabba gloriam primi hominis cum eo non per noctisse Cartw. Mell. Broughton most confidently affirms that Adam did not continue in his Integrity one hour and affirms that all Jews are of that opinion from the Authority of Maimonides and from that Proverb of modern Jews above-said He also saith that all the Greek Fathers are of the same opinion Vna nocte integritate non permanebat Adam saith Vicars for which he quotes the Arabick and Persic Pentateuch The Septuagint indeed renders the above-quoted Text Psa 49 12 thus Man being in honour understandeth not As if it were the same with vers 23. The Syr. Arab and Simmachus follow the Septuagint but this reading contradicts all Hebrew Copies and the best Hebrew Doctors David Kimhi Aben Ezra c. and antient Fathers as Jerom c. who render it thus Adam or Man being in honour did not lodg there a Night or Adam did not lodg one Night in Honour non pernoctavit did not stay one Night in that Estate for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jalin the Hebrew Word here used signifies properly to lodg or stay for a Night Gen. 31. 54. Laban and Jacob tarried all Night in the Mount and early in the Morning departed Gen. 32. 21. Jacob himself lodged with the Company that Night I might add that the Targum interprets Gen. 2. 15. And the Lord took the Man and placed him in the Garden of Eden by a Syriack Word Sharah which in Hiphil signifies to place in a lodging for a Night thus is this word used in the Syriack New Testament Acts 20. 15. And the next day we came to Samos and lodged at Trogillium and the next day c. Luke 9. 12. When the day begun to wear away the Disciples said Send the Multitude away that they may lodg in the Villages Luke 2. 7. There was no place for them in the Inn in the Room they had taken up to lodg in for that Night Shindler Pentaglot So early began our Saviour to have the Chastisment of our Sin laid upon him in a way parallel to Adam's Fall he with his blessed Mother being thrust out of the Inn the Hour he was born as Adam was thrust out of Paradise the day he was created Thus our Saviour gives his Suffrage to John 8. 44. where he stiles the Devil a Murderer from the beginning for this term in the beginning denotes the six days of the Creation and precisely terminates where God finished that Work as is apparent from Gen. 1. 1. In the Beginning God made Heaven and Earth that is in the space of six days wherein the whole Species of things in Heaven and Earth had their beginning Or as our Saviour explains it Mark 13. 19. In those days shall be Afflictions such as was not from the beginning of the Creation which God created the whole frame whereof speaking of the same thing he calls the World and the space wherein it was made the beginning of the World Mat. 24. 21. or as it is rendred John 9. 33. since the World began was it not heard that c. that is since God finished the Work of Creation Thus the beginning circumscribed the whole Work of Creation Heb. 1. 10. Thou Lord in the beginning founded the Earth c. And though sometimes it may seem to denote the Duration before when it is spoken of God Prov. 8. 22. The Lord possessed me in the beginning of his way before his Works of old yet it no where extends its Signification beyound the six days Work when it is applied to the Creature It was therefore within the compass of the six days that this Murderer slew our first Parents 2. That Adam was restored through the Promise of the Woman's Seed the same day whereon he fell is apparent from our Saviour his being stiled Rev. 13. 8. the Lamb slain from the Foundation of the World for this is of the very same
blessing Adam in turning him from his Iniquity before the beginning of Days natural on the sixth Creating-Day and will continue the Exercise of it to the end of Days natural otherwise he would not be a Priest without beginning and end of Days Heb. 7. 3. 4. That Adam did not defer his Repentance but forthwith complied with the gracious Terms that were tendred him cannot be doubted if we seriously consider how utterly incredible it is that he who was so ashamed of himself and his Nakedness should refuse to beg at any rate Raiment of Christ to cover his Nakedness Rev. 3. That he who was so confounded in himself as he ran to hide himself in the Bushes from the Presence of God should stand consulting whether he should accept or refuse Mercy offered That he whose own Conscience and God greater than his Conscience had condemned so as he saw his Soul drawing nigh unto the Grave and his Life to the Murderers should when God not by a Servant but his Son sent this Message to him I have received the Atonement I have accepted the Ransom Job 33. reject the Benefit of that Atonement the Fruit of that Ransom That he who had known what it was to have Communion with God should under the deepest and most deplorable sense of its loss not be ready to imbrace the means of recovering that Communion Especially if we duly ponderate to what end those Beasts were slain of whose Skins God made them Coats of Honour seeing Adam and Eve could not slay them for Food for the Flesh of Animals was not allowed Mankind for Meat till after the Flood That their Flesh was offered in Sacrifice is the common Tenet of most judicious Divines and that partly it was disposed of that way seems very probable but the Scripture does more than hint two other ends of slaying those Beasts which I wonder have not been taken notice of The first for the striking of the Covenant betwixt God the Father and the Son when that Oath which the Sacred Scripture so frequently mentions past betwixt them Psalm 110. 4. The Lord sware and will not repent This Oath past at Christ's Initiation into his Mediatorship Forasmuch as that was not without an Oath c. Heb. 7. 20. By this Oath Christ became or was made the Surety of that better Covenant and more antient than that of Moses These Covenants by Oath for the greater solemnity thereof were made thus Beasts being cut in twain and the parts laid a sunder one against another as Shoulder against Shoulder and Leg against Leg with a space to go between The Parties covenanting passing betwixt the Pieces made Oath Gen. 15. 18. Jer. 24. 18. The Covenant which they made when they cut the Bullock in twain and passed between the parts of it saying Let me be struck as this Beast is struck if I break this Covenant whence came the Phrase of ferire foedus to strike or smite Covenant Now this Oath was given and taken betwixt God the Father and the Son before Christ called to Adam saying Where art thou for otherwise he would have entred upon his Mediatory Office without an Oath And it is very probable that the Voice of God walking in the Garden which Adam heard before that Call was the Voice of the Son of God passing through the Parts of the divided Beasts The Second end of slaying Beasts was for the striking of the Covenant betwixt God and Adam a thing usual in the Ratification of all other Covenants betwixt God and Man as that with Abraham Gen. 15. 18. That with the Jews Exod. 24. 5. half of the Blood of the Sacrifices was sprinkled upon the Altar which represented God and the other half upon the People or the twelve Pillars representing the twelve Tribes after they had consented to the Covenant at the reading of the Book saying Behold the Blood of the Covenant which the Lord hath stricken with you concerning all these Words See Ainsworth on Psal 50. 5. My Saints that have stricken a Covenant with me by Sacrifice But the Apostle's Argument Heb. 9. 16. Where a Testament is there must of necessity be the Death of the Testator For a Testament is of no force at all while the Testator liveth from whence he inferreth that therefore the first Testament was not without Blood will with equal Firmness support this Inference That the first Covenant of Grace with Adam was ratified by Blood And that the Testator must of necessity be dead in Type and Effigy as well at the sealing of that as this And now in the third place comes in that other use of the Flesh of these slain Beasts to wit Adam's offering them in Sacrifice as a Burnt-Offering for the Lord. Thus at that mutual Stipulation betwixt God and Israel Ex. 24. 5. They offered Burnt-Offerings and Sacrifices of Peace unto the Lord. And at God's covenanting with Noah he offered Burnt-Offerings Gen. 8. 20. in all likelihood of the Beasts that had been first cut in twain For this was a Covenant by Oath Isa 54. 9. I have sworn that the Waters of Noah shall no more go over the Earth and therefore struck not only by God's stretching out his Right-hand and swearing as the Hebrew Doctors conceive but by passing between the pieces of the Bullock c. that being the most ancient Patriarchal Mode of ratifying a Covenant by Oath and taken up from this Primitive Example of God's Covenanting with Adam Here we have an account of the disposal of the Flesh of those Beasts with whose Skins God apparell'd Adam and Eve fully consonant to the holy Scriptures and such as speaks Adam to have consented to the Covenant upon its first proposal and the New Creature Man restored by Faith in Christ to have been brought forth into actual Existence before that Seventh Day whereon God rested 5. And now and not till now the Heavens and the Earth were finished and all the Hoast of them when this Captain of the Lord's Hoast had his Commission sealed had mustered his Army and administred Sacramentum Militare the Military Oath to his holy Elect and faithful Ones his Army on Earth was but a small Company consisting but of two but it was terrible with Banners the Banner of Love over it the Banner of defiance against the Enemy who took this Captain of their Salvation for so many and beheld in these two such a Troop coming tho but of Sheep yet led on by the Lion of the Tribe of Judah as at its first looking out in this Morning of the day of Grace the ramping and roaring Lion was Thunder-strook prostrate laid flat upon the Ground and made to creep upon his Belly had none to side with him ever since save his own profligated Angels that had forsaken their first Station and a cripled crew of Kaitiffs that were bowed together by Satan and could not stand upright a Company of Monsters in human shape with two-legg'd Bodies and four-footed Souls and had