the_o second_o lecture_n be_v a_o introduction_n to_o cosmography_n read_v public_o at_o sr._n balthazar_n gerbier_n academy_n on_o bednall_n green_a rom._n cap._n 1._o ver._n 20._o invisibilia_fw-la enim_fw-la dei_fw-la a_fw-la creatura_fw-la mundi_fw-la per_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la facta_fw-la sunt_fw-la intellecta_fw-la conspiciuntur_fw-la sempiterna_fw-la quoque_fw-la ejus_fw-la virtus_fw-la and_o divinitas_fw-la the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o he_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v clear_o see_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v rom._n chap._n 1._o verse_n 20._o london_n print_v for_o robert_n ibbitson_n in_o smithfield_n near_o the_o queen_n head_n tavern_n 1649._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n president_n of_o the_o most_o honourable_a council_n of_o state_n right_o honourable_a have_v give_v to_o the_o public_a according_a to_o desire_v the_o first_o lecture_n concerning_o a_o introduction_n to_o cosmography_n read_v gratis_o in_o the_o academy_n which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o erect_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o honour_n of_o this_o state_n and_o nation_n the_o encouragement_n and_o improvement_n of_o all_o lover_n of_o virtue_n i_o have_v accompany_v the_o same_o by_o way_n of_o respect_n and_o humble_a duty_n with_o a_o dedicatory_a epistle_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a speaker_n of_o the_o most_o honourable_a assembly_n of_o parliament_n and_o according_o take_v leave_v humble_o to_o present_v this_o print_a lecture_n to_o your_o lordship_n who_o sit_v at_o the_o helm_n of_o that_o great_a council_n of_o state_n on_o which_o the_o wise_a public_a minister_n of_o the_o world_n look_v with_o great_a observance_n and_o as_o i_o may_v humble_o conceive_v this_o dedication_n to_o be_v very_o fit_a this_o lecture_n beginning_n with_o a_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o their_o revolution_n and_o distance_n so_o many_o time_n by_o those_o order_n which_o pass_v at_o the_o council_n of_o state_n this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v so_o as_o that_o the_o question_n may_v prove_v not_o inpertinent_a whether_o or_o no_o this_o state_n shall_v be_v a_o second_o earthly_a paradise_n and_o all_o the_o revolution_n settle_v answerable_a to_o the_o same_o that_o there_o be_v no_o distance_n between_o peace_n righteousness_n and_o truth_n but_o that_o all_o may_v be_v so_o unite_v as_o to_o meet_v and_o kiss_v each_o other_o perpetual_o be_v the_o fervent_a wish_n and_o prayer_n of_o right_n honourable_a your_o most_o humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n balthazar_n gerbier_n bednall_n green_a this_o 5_o of_o novemb._n 1649._o the_o second_o lecture_n be_v a_o introduction_n to_o cosmography_n read_v public_o at_o sir_n balthazar_n gerbier_n academy_n on_o bednall-green_n in_o our_o first_o lecture_n of_o cosmography_n we_o declare_v what_o the_o sphere_n be_v what_o heaven_n be_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o celestial_a region_n that_o there_o be_v many_o heaven_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o firmament_n or_o eight_o heaven_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o star_n be_v infinite_a and_o how_o the_o astronomer_n divide_v they_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o star_n be_v shine_v of_o themselves_o and_o transparent_a that_o the_o heaven_n be_v round_o and_o that_o their_o motion_n be_v the_o one_o within_o the_o other_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n in_o this_o second_o lecture_n we_o shall_v show_v how_o that_o there_o be_v two_o other_o heaven_n differ_v from_o the_o eight_o precedent_n the_o order_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o heaven_n revolution_n of_o the_o heaven_n distance_n of_o the_o elementary_a region_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o air_n the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unmovable_a that_o there_o be_v two_o other_o heaven_n differ_v from_o the_o eight_o heaven_n prove_v in_o our_o first_o lecture_n until_o the_o time_n of_o aristotle_n there_o be_v but_o eight_o heaven_n discover_v because_o that_o then_o there_o be_v but_o observe_v but_o eight_o different_a motion_n in_o the_o celestial_a body_n but_o when_o afterwards_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o star_n have_v a_o different_a motion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v expedient_a not_o to_o give_v two_o contrary_a motion_n to_o a_o simple_a body_n as_o the_o heaven_n be_v to_o suppose_v a_o nine_o heaven_n the_o which_o as_o first_o movable_a convey_v by_o its_o impetuous_a swiftness_n all_o the_o other_o with_o it_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o ptolemy_n and_o since_o he_o thebit_fw-la alphragan_n albategnius_n and_o other_o excellent_a astronomer_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n after_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v three_o different_a motion_n in_o the_o firmament_n there_o be_v add_v a_o ten_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o first_o movable_a it_o move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o 24_o hour_n on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n draw_v by_o its_o impetuous_a swiftness_n all_o the_o other_o inferior_a heaven_n with_o it_o the_o which_o nevertheless_o turn_v always_o contrary_a to_o it_o perform_v the_o course_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o they_o from_o west_n to_o east_n on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiaque_fw-la the_o which_o they_o several_o achieve_v in_o diversity_n of_o time_n this_o be_v also_o allege_v by_o the_o learned_a king_n alfonze_n john_n of_o lineris_fw-la george_n purbachis_n john_n of_o monte_fw-it region_n and_o other_o beside_o these_o ten_o heaven_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o the_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o the_o high_a and_o large_a of_o all_o the_o which_o be_v unmovable_a and_o its_o in_o that_o heaven_n in_o the_o which_o god_n spread_v the_o beam_n of_o his_o glory_n to_o his_o well-beloved_a there_o be_v the_o eternal_a rest_n of_o the_o happy_a or_o as_o the_o apostle_n say_v quod_fw-la oculos_fw-la non_fw-la vidit_fw-la nec_fw-la auris_fw-la audivit_fw-la nec_fw-la in_fw-la cor_fw-la hominis_fw-la ascendit_fw-la quae_fw-la preparavit_fw-la deus_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la diligunt_fw-la illum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v eye_n have_v not_o see_v nor_o ear_n hear_v neither_o have_v it_o enter_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n the_o thing_n which_o god_n have_v prepare_v for_o they_o that_o love_v he_o it_o be_v name_v coelum_fw-la impereum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o fire_n because_o of_o its_o pureness_n but_o this_o heaven_n be_v not_o know_v unto_o we_o but_o by_o divine_a revelation_n it_o behoove_v the_o divine_n and_o not_o the_o astrologer_n to_o discourse_n of_o it_o the_o order_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o orb_n in_o time_n past_a there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n touch_v the_o order_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o orb_n some_o place_v the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n above_o the_o other_o planet_n as_o have_v authority_n over_o they_o other_o as_o plato_n assure_v that_o the_o light_n be_v the_o near_a to_o the_o earth_n that_o their_o influence_n may_v flow_v with_o more_o effect_n some_o as_o democritus_n maintain_v mercury_n to_o be_v the_o high_a elevate_v but_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o order_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o we_o prove_v first_o by_o the_o swiftness_n or_o slowness_n of_o the_o motion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o planet_n which_o be_v the_o long_a a_o finish_n its_o course_n be_v of_o necessity_n the_o high_a saturn_n perform_v he_o in_o 30_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o mars_n in_o 2._o the_o sun_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o 6_o hour_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o they_o exceed_v one_o another_o in_o height_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o orb_n revolution_n all_o the_o heaven_n or_o orb_n do_v sur-round_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o circle_n do_v its_o centre_n and_o the_o further_o they_o be_v from_o it_o the_o long_o they_o be_v accomplish_v their_o circuit_n the_o moon_n as_o be_v in_o the_o lowermost_a orb_n or_o heaven_n and_o the_o near_a to_o the_o earth_n make_v its_o revolution_n in_o 27_o day_n and_o 8_o hour_n mercury_n venus_n and_o the_o sun_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o 6_o hour_n mars_n in_o one_o year_n three_o hundred_o twelve_o day_n and_o 23_o hour_n saturn_n in_o nine_o and_o twenty_o year_n one_o hundred_o four_o and_o fifty_o day_n and_o three_o and_o twenty_o hour_n the_o firmament_n make_v a_o revolution_n in_o six_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o year_n and_o another_o revolution_n in_o seven_o thousand_o year_n the_o nine_o heaven_n accomplish_v its_o course_n in_o nine_o and_o forty_o thousand_o year_n and_o the_o ten_o heaven_n of_o a_o quite_o contrary_a motion_n to_o all_o these_o perform_v he_o in_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n or_o in_o a_o natural_a day_n these_o marvelous_a revolution_n manifest_a unto_o we_o the_o power_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a
providence_n of_o he_o that_o make_v they_o they_o likewise_o daily_o manifest_a and_o praise_v he_o as_o the_o royal_a prophet_n say_v in_o the_o 19_o psa._n coeli_fw-la enarrant_fw-la gloriam_fw-la dei_fw-la et_fw-la opera_fw-la manuum_fw-la ejus_fw-la annuntiat_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la that_o be_v the_o heaven_n declare_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o firmament_n show_v his_o handywork_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o several_a orb_n distance_n the_o astronomer_n in_o their_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o the_o several_a orb_n or_o heaven_n do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o earth_n half_a diameter_n the_o half_a diameter_n be_v of_o twelve_o hundred_o league_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o infer_v thus_o that_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v distant_a three_o and_o thirty_o half_a diameter_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o make_v nine_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o six_o hundred_o league_n mars_n one_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o fifty_o half_a diameter_n jupiter_n seven_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o two_o and_o fifty_o saturn_n fourteen_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o three_o the_o firmament_n two_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o half_a diameter_n which_o be_v seven_o and_o twenty_o million_o one_o hundred_o four_o and_o thirty_o thousand_o and_o four_o hundred_o league_n these_o league_n be_v geometrical_a league_n which_o contain_v three_o thousand_o pace_n which_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o extent_n that_o if_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n be_v yet_o alive_a and_o that_o from_o his_o creation_n he_o have_v ascend_v every_o day_n eighteen_o league_n towards_o the_o heaven_n yet_o for_o the_o present_a he_o will_v not_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o eight_o heaven_n and_o thus_o much_o more_o i_o may_v say_v for_o to_o represent_v how_o far_o distant_a the_o star_n be_v from_o we_o that_o if_o a_o cannon_n bullet_n be_v in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o star_n be_v and_o that_o it_o shall_v descend_v each_o hour_n two_o hundred_o league_n yet_o will_v it_o remain_v more_o than_o 15_o year_n before_o it_o can_v arrive_v to_o the_o earth_n now_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o beforesaid_a can_v be_v know_v the_o thickness_n of_o each_o orb_n or_o heaven_n and_o that_o by_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a distance_n from_o the_o great_a follow_v as_o for_o example_n if_o three_o and_o thirty_o half_a diameter_n be_v subtract_v from_o threescore_o and_o four_o half_a diameter_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v one_o and_o thirty_o half_a diameter_n and_o of_o so_o many_o half_a diameter_n be_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o moon_n heaven_n or_o orb_n and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o other_o of_o the_o elementary_a region_n the_o elementary_a region_n be_v the_o concavity_n of_o the_o moon_n heaven_n or_o orb_n the_o which_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o four_o element_n fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n a_o element_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n the_o which_o can_v be_v divide_v nor_o separate_v into_o different_a form_n that_o there_o be_v four_o element_n be_v easy_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o natural_a as_o that_o the_o thing_n do_v dissolve_v into_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o which_o they_o be_v compose_v all_o perfect_a mix_a body_n ca_fw-la 〈…〉_z into_o earth_n water_n air_n and_o into_o fire_n there_o 〈…〉_z both_o earth_n water_n air_n and_o fire_n the_o which_o 〈…〉_z manifest_o show_v for_o when_o a_o green_a st_n 〈…〉_z of_o it_o be_v see_v dissolve_v into_o fire_n part_n into_o 〈…〉_z which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o air_n part_n into_o scum_n which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o part_n of_o it_o into_o ash_n which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o all_o ooth_a mix_a body_n as_o stone_n metal_n plant_n animal_n etc._n etc._n that_o they_o be_v just_a four_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o the_o four_o humour_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o the_o several_a body_n of_o animal_n as_o the_o gall_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o fire_n the_o blood_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o air_n the_o phlegm_z which_o answer_v to_o the_o water_n and_o the_o melancholy_a humour_n which_o answer_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o fire_n possess_v the_o high_a place_n of_o the_o elementary_a region_n as_o the_o most_o pure_a and_o the_o light_a the_o air_n be_v next_o unto_o the_o element_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o be_v pure_a and_o light_a than_o the_o water_n and_o earth_n the_o water_n be_v under_o the_o air_n and_o above_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o earth_n as_o heavy_a be_v the_o lowermost_a and_o the_o centre_n to_o all_o the_o world_n of_o the_o fire_n the_o fire_n be_v a_o element_n extreme_a hot_a and_o moderate_o dry_a since_o each_o element_n have_v its_o proper_a and_o natural_a place_n reason_n will_v that_o the_o fire_n shall_v have_v his_o now_o since_o its_o the_o pure_a and_o the_o light_a of_o all_o the_o element_n its_o natural_a place_n must_v then_o be_v in_o the_o near_a space_n unto_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o moon_n we_o do_v also_o see_v that_o all_o the_o fire_n light_v here_o beneath_o tend_v natural_o upward_o and_o be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o air_n which_o environ_n they_o which_o clear_o show_v that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o this_o element_n be_v above_o the_o air_n we_o can_v see_v it_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n because_o it_o have_v no_o colour_n and_o it_o do_v not_o inflame_v the_o heaven_n because_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o any_o heat_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o alteration_n the_o element_n of_o the_o fire_n contain_v about_o forty_o thousand_o league_n of_o depth_n from_o its_o superficial_a concavity_n to_o its_o convexe_a of_o the_o air_n the_o air_n be_v a_o element_n very_o moist_a and_o moderate_o hot_a po_o natural_a place_n be_v the_o superficial_a concavity_n of_o the_o element_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o superficial_a convexe_a of_o the_o element_n of_o water_n but_o the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n make_v but_o one_o globe_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v all_o the_o space_n there_o remain_v betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o elementary_a fire_n which_o space_n have_v thirty_o league_n of_o height_n the_o air_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o region_n the_o high_a middlemost_a and_o lowermost_a the_o high_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a and_o dry_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o proximity_n of_o the_o elementary_a fire_n and_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n the_o middlemost_a be_v cold_a and_o moist_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v elevate_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o thicken_a and_o congeal_v do_v refresh_v the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o this_o region_n be_v yet_o cold_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o antyperistasis_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o contrary_a force_n which_o a_o contrary_a element_n make_v strengthen_v itself_o against_o a_o great_a strength_n of_o a_o contrary_a element_n the_o lowermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v both_o hot_a cold_a and_o temperate_a according_a as_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n cast_v themselves_o perpendicular_o or_o oblick_o thereon_o of_o the_o water_n the_o water_n be_v a_o element_n both_o extreme_a cold_a and_o moderate_o moist_a the_o natural_a place_n of_o the_o water_n be_v between_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o be_v environ_v and_o whole_o encompass_v by_o the_o water_n but_o god_n have_v cause_v the_o element_n of_o the_o water_n to_o retire_v in_o the_o concavity_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o habitation_n and_o preservation_n both_o of_o man_n and_o animal_n in_o their_o be_v there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v allege_v that_o may_v contradict_v this_o passage_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o probable_o true_a that_o god_n have_v ordain_v it_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o genesis_n the_o first_o chapter_n congregentur_fw-la aquae_fw-la quae_fw-la sub_fw-la coelo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_fw-la locum_fw-la unum_fw-la et_fw-la appareat_fw-la arida_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v let_v the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n be_v gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o let_v the_o dry_a land_n appear_v of_o the_o earth_n the_o earth_n be_v a_o element_n both_o extreme_a dry_a and_o moderate_o cold_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n be_v prove_v thus_o that_o which_o cause_v another_o to_o yield_v in_o heaviness_n aught_o to_o be_v heavy_a than_o that_o other_o but_o the_o earth_n cause_v the_o water_n to_o yield_v in_o heaviness_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n this_o be_v prove_v thus_o when_o any_o earth_n or_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v into_o a_o
vessel_n full_a of_o water_n it_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o retire_v and_o when_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o stone_n be_v first_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n the_o water_n be_v pour_v therein_o it_o do_v not_o cause_v they_o to_o retire_v against_o this_o there_o be_v oppose_v two_o considerable_a objection_n the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o water_n be_v see_v to_o have_v motion_n through_o the_o earth_n which_o happen_v by_o the_o rain_n fall_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o pass_n through_o it_o po_o elementary_a place_n must_v needs_o then_o be_v under_o the_o earth_n towards_o which_o it_o always_o run_v and_o this_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o it_o be_v not_o heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o see_v there_o be_v great_a gulf_n of_o water_n find_v under_o the_o earth_n as_o appear_v by_o well_n and_o fountain_n it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o elementary_a place_n of_o the_o water_n aught_o to_o be_v under_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o more_o water_n you_o draw_v out_o of_o a_o well_n the_o more_o there_o enter_v into_o it_o which_o will_v not_o be_v say_v they_o if_o there_o be_v not_o great_a gulf_n of_o water_n under_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o source_n of_o spring_n but_o these_o opinion_n be_v maintain_v by_o very_o feeble_a ground_n we_o shall_v answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o though_o the_o name_n water_n be_v see_v to_o descend_v through_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v not_o because_o its_o heavy_a but_o only_o that_o it_o fill_v the_o pore_n and_o concavity_n thereof_o which_o have_v do_v we_o may_v clear_o see_v it_o only_o drive_v over_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o answer_n against_o the_o second_o be_v that_o the_o perennity_n of_o spring_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o great_a water-gulph_n under_o ground_n forasmuch_o that_o there_o have_v no_o such_o thing_n be_v know_v but_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o the_o fountain_n have_v their_o origin_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o vein_n which_o contain_v the_o water_n send_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o can_v not_o produce_v its_o sundry_a propriety_n the_o open_n of_o those_o vein_n make_v a_o fountain_n the_o fountain_n engender_v current_n many_o current_n make_v a_o river_n many_o river_n a_o flood_n which_o discharge_v itself_o in_o the_o sea_n against_o this_o there_o be_v also_o object_v that_o then_o the_o fountain_n ought_v to_o be_v brinish_a and_o salt_n as_o the_o sea-water_n be_v and_o second_o that_o the_o spring_n be_v much_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n the_o motion_n ought_v to_o ascend_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n the_o answer_n to_o it_o be_v that_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v purge_v by_o the_o long_a and_o narrow_a trace_n which_o it_o make_v within_o the_o stony_a and_o sandy_a place_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o great_a part_n of_o such_o fountain_n as_o pass_v by_o the_o rock_n since_o they_o be_v much_o pure_a and_o clean_a than_o those_o which_o run_v through_o fat_a and_o fenny_a ground_n for_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v not_o incongruous_a to_o say_v that_o the_o water_n ascend_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o they_o because_o its_o a_o motion_n make_v by_o attraction_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n the_o philosopher_n aristarchus_n samienus_n do_v believe_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n but_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o be_v there_o as_o unmovable_a it_o give_v light_a to_o all_o the_o world_n this_o philosopher_n esteem_v it_o to_o be_v a_o great_a absurdity_n that_o the_o earth_n which_o produce_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o movable_a animal_n shall_v be_v unmovable_a and_o that_o the_o cause_n shall_v be_v of_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o its_o effect_n this_o opinion_n have_v be_v since_o renew_v by_o copernicus_n a_o excellent_a astronomer_n who_o do_v strive_v to_o prove_v it_o in_o his_o revolution_n but_o the_o contrary_a be_v prove_v thus_o the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o firmament_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o heaven_n towards_o the_o east_n or_o towards_o the_o west_n appear_v always_o of_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o bigness_n which_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v near_o to_o the_o firmament_n in_o one_o place_n then_o the_o other_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n near_a to_o the_o firmament_n the_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n can_v not_o be_v see_v which_o be_v against_o the_o opinion_n of_o ptolemy_n and_o of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n who_o say_v that_o in_o what_o part_n soever_o of_o the_o earth_n a_o man_n be_v he_o may_v see_v six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o rise_v and_o six_o to_o descend_v so_o there_o be_v no_o hindrance_n and_o thus_o always_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n be_v see_v and_o the_o other_o half_o hide_v it_o be_v also_o prove_v thus_o the_o further_a the_o moon_n go_v from_o the_o sun_n the_o more_o it_o augment_v its_o light_n to_o our_o consideration_n therefore_o when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o full_a it_o be_v at_o the_o further_a distance_n that_o possible_o may_v be_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v on_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o then_o the_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o full_a the_o same_o be_v prove_v also_o by_o the_o ecilpse_n of_o the_o moon_n for_o when_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v half_a of_o the_o heaven_n be_v interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n because_o the_o moon_n never_o eclipse_n but_o in_o its_o full_a therefore_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o interpose_v there_o will_v be_v no_o eclipse_n since_o by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o shadow_n be_v make_v as_o also_o the_o equinoxe_n will_v not_o be_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o long_a artificial_a day_n will_v not_o equal_v the_o long_a artificial_a night_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o absurdity_n will_v follow_v and_o therefore_o we_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o heavy_a element_n have_v be_v place_v in_o the_o lowermost_a place_n and_o the_o lowermost_a place_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v the_o further_a from_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o place_n which_o be_v the_o further_a from_o the_o heaven_n can_v but_o be_v the_o centre_n therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v unmovable_a the_o earth_n can_v have_v any_o motion_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v move_v it_o must_v needs_o either_o be_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o circular_o on_o its_o centre_n if_o it_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n its_o motion_n must_v be_v either_o upward_o or_o downward_o downward_o it_o can_v because_o it_o be_v at_o the_o centre_n it_o can_v move_v upward_o because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o heavy_a thing_n and_o then_o the_o proof_n here_o before_o mention_v do_v suffice_v for_o it_o will_v else_o quit_v its_o centre_n and_o then_o the_o star_n will_v not_o always_o appear_v of_o the_o selfsame_a greatness_n which_o be_v absurd_a therefore_o if_o it_o have_v any_o motion_n it_o must_v be_v circular_o on_o its_o centre_n neither_o can_v its_o motion_n be_v circular_o according_a to_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n because_o that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o must_v turn_v on_o the_o axe_n of_o the_o world_n or_o on_o some_o other_o if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o axe_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v perform_v its_o course_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a and_o then_o by_o such_o a_o violent_a motion_n the_o building_n will_v be_v shake_v the_o bird_n the_o cloud_n and_o all_o what_o be_v see_v in_o the_o air_n will_v always_o incline_v towards_o the_o west_n as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o follow_v the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o can_v it_o move_v by_o any_o other_o way_n be_v the_o motion_n never_o so_o slow_a because_o that_o a_o town_n place_v either_o more_o or_o less_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n will_v then_o have_v divers_a elevation_n because_o that_o the_o circumference_n which_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v cause_v it_o to_o make_v about_o the_o pole_n will_v not_o be_v parallel_n to_o it_o which_o can_v never_o happen_v therefore_o it_o be_v