joyn together that this may be done meetly and justly to receive the Eucharist And doest thou wonder that the people speak with the Priest when they sound out these Holy Hymns in common consent with the Cherubins and supernatural powers Finally St. Augustine thus explicates it This follows that for this so great a good of raised hearts we should not attribute the glory to our selves as of our own Forces but give thanks to our Lord for of this we are forthwith admonished because it is meet and just Which is the answer we are then to give to the Priest Dignum justum est It is meet and just meet because he is our Lord just because we are his people meet and just together that we his Servants together with the Priest give thanks to God from whom we have received all things Meet in respect of his manifold benefits Just in respect of our obliged gratitude for that we are partakers of the Treasures of his mercy in this holy Sacrifice I wish that each one for the comfort of their Souls would consider these words and learn them either in Latin or English that with heart and mouth they might answer to the Priest for if they did I am confident great Comfort and Devotion would arise thereby The words are short but full of Energie and Vertue 7. Of the Preface Q. What say you of the Preface A. Those who understand Latin may do well to attend to the Preface which savours of much Piety and yields abundant matter of Devotion for those who are ignorant thereof I will draw the most considerable motives for their Devotion and for this end I shall divide it into Five Considerations The First Consideration is that the Priest confirms the answer which we make concerning our giving thanks to God telling us verily it is Meet and Just Right and wholesome to do so Meet for the benefits here propounded and Just for God made Man by this Eucharist here communicates his goodness and mercy Right for its weight and merit wholesome as the cause of our Salvation or Meet because he is good Just because he is beneficient Right because he is merciful wholesome because he is our Souls Medicine Again Meet because out of his mercy and pleasure he has created us Just because out of pure goodness he has Redeemed us Right because he has freely and gratis justified us Wholesome because he has predestinated us to glory and he invites us alwayes to praise God by declaring that he is our Holy Lord Omnipotent Father and Eternal God for all Sanctity comes from him and by his power alone this Sacrifice was instituted whose fruit is Eternity and then tells the means to do it effectually by our Lord Jesus Christ The Second Consideration is that the Angels and all the whole Court of Heaven do adore and with mutual concord and consent by inflamed layes of Charity do celebrate God's praise and glory this the Church propounds unto us for imitation for if these Heavenly Spirits do continually praise God because they are alwayes in his presence The Church insinuates thereby the great Reverence Adoration and Honour we ought to give to our God in the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist which if we do all these supernal Spirits will help us in this action that as they perpetually rejoyce in God by inflaming Love so we ought to rejoyce and exult with ardent love of him who has manifested his infinite love to us in this Holy Sacrament Thirdly We may consider that the Church Militant desires to joyn with the Church Triumphant to make one Quire and the faithful people present knowing their own frailty and indignity make humble supplication that God would give them Grace to make them worthy to make a part with the Heavenly Quire in this holy Sacrifice for as Florus sayes The Holy Church is to be associated to the Quires of Angels and with the Angels persist in the praises of God for ever and ever And now in this holy Sacrifice as St. Chrysostome teaches The Angels are ready to joyn with us at that time sayes he The Angels accompany the Priest and the whole Orders of Celestial powers cry out the whole place near the Altar in his honour who is there immolated is full of Angelical Quires Fourthly We may devoutly consider how the Church here specifies the Song or Canticle which the Angels continually sing in Heaven declared by the Prophet Isay and St. John Evangelist by the Greeks called Teisagion a thrice holy Canticle that is Holy holy holy Lord God of Hosts all the Earth is full of thy glory St. Ambrose affirms that we cannot give to God a more precious Title or more sutable to his Glory than to call him Holy for it is to say in one word all the substantial and incomprehensible perfections of his Deity and by this term holy in this place we understand God to be the Abiss of Sanctity from whence Angels and Men participate all their Sanctity as the Sun beams receive light from the Sun As therefore the Seraphins and Angels do thrice repeat this Holy so ought we in this place for as St. Damascene sayes The Deity is thrice declared Holy and Glorified when Sanctus or Holy is said three times whence Procopius tells us that the Seraphins do not only once sing the praises of God but reiterate them often yea infinite times For by the number of three we may understand a multitude so that by saying that they sing holy three times we may take it all times for this is their continual song whereto we hope to add our parts with them in Heaven as they joyn with us in this holy Sacrifice wherefore it is added Lord God of Sabaoth which is one of the names the Israelites did give to God and is not Translated in the Latin Church for that the word Sabaoth is an exceeding expression in any other Language but by many it is interpreted Lord God of Hosts or Armies which is fitly said here for in these words both Angels and Men do make Homage to their God acknowledging him for their Lord with this Canticle wherein the Host or Army of the Celestial Spirits and the Host or Army of Christ's Church at this time made one makeing an Army of a Camp set in array do joyntly and in due order Praise Magnifie and adore God whence consequently it is said all the Earth is full of his Glory the Heavens are full of it already now it is fitting that the Earth also should be full of the same all Men on Earth ought to sing his Glory even as the Angels do in Heaven The Fifth consideration may be of the Hymn which St. Mathew relates when the multitude that went before and followed cryed saying Hosanna to the Son of David blessed is he that comes in the name of our Lord Hosanna in the Highest which are the same words the Priest sayes here now since Heaven and Earth are to be
amply declared this that it is needless here to treat of this Subject I will only take notice here that many Councels have determined this matter but especially the Councel of Nice held well nigh Nine hundred years ago where there were 330 Bishops assembled expresly on this Subject This Councel was held in Greece where the opposite Heresie did begin some years before with great contest in those parts whereas the Western Church did alwayes preserve the Worship and use of Images and in three several Councels condemned the Hereticks in the Eastern Church and this was done in Nice in the most solemn manner and with the greatest dispute that ever was seen in any Councel on the opposers side all the reasons imaginable from whence the Hereticks of our times have taken their Arguments on the Catholick defenders side Scriptures Tradition Custome Judgement of the Holy Fathers continual practise of God's Church were alleaged with clear and manifest answers to all contrary Objections whence the Councel unanimously determined the use and Worship of them Q. May we adore them A. We may not adore them but before them or in beholding them we may adore what is represented by them according to the old verse Christ's Picture Worship thou who by the same doest pass Yet Picture Worship not but Christ for whom it pictured was If the Picture be of God we give Divine Worship to him if of Saints we then give a Religious Worship which is due to them for our Worship doth not terminate in the Pictures but in the thing represented The Pictures or Images do serve only as representatives in some manner like the species which falls not under our senses or understanding but in as much as they represent the Objects we have no knowledge of God but by the species which serves only to supply the place of the Object and does not terminate or bound the understanding in its operation so that we know the Object by the species but yet take no notice of the species The object of the senses is the sensible quality which the sense does not perceive but the species in as much as they are representatives of such qualities So it is also in Pictures or Images which by their representative nature being beheld or seen do lead us to the knowledge of the thing represented we may experience this in the Picture of a Person we love when we see the Picture we are moved with a new affection not to the Picture but to the Person it represents Q. Wherefore are they put in Churches A. For many reasons first for Ornament of the Churches which is warranted by the Scriptures where God commanded the Images of Cherubines to be made in the Ark and Salomon put Cherubes in many places of the Temple why then may not Christians place Images in their Churches The Emperour Constantine in all the Churches he built did put Images Pictures and Statues of Christ and his Saints for their Ornament Isodore Pelusiat who lived about the year 440. is so far for it that he sayes the place cannot be said to be a Church which is not adorned with Images It is strange that Men adorn their Houses with prophane Pictures or Images and think that holy Pictures representing Sanctity Piety and Devotion to be Prophanation in the Church Secondly for the instruction and help of the ignorant who by those Images do learn the Mysteries of our Faith as the learned do by Books and Characters which are but as Images St. John Damascene sayes That our Holy Fathers did judge it convenient to set forth the Mysteries of the Passion in Pictures or Images that the unlearned or those who could not read might refresh their Memories thereby VVhence Tharasius Patriark of Constantinople sayes whatsoever the Gospel shews unto us by reading the same is seen by Images whatsoever also Books speak of Holy Martyrs sufferances the self same is signified by Images Letters are but Images of the things signified and Images but Letters for the Ignorant yea to the learned for a more speedy representation Thirdly they serve to move the beholders to Piety and Devotion for naturally we are moved by visible objects to good or evil whence the Church hath alwayes commended though not commanded good Images and strictly forbidden bad ones principally Prophane and Lascivious None who have any Civility will deny but that Lascivious Images Pictures or Statues are dangerous and sure it cannot be evil to have good Images which savour of Piety and if those cause ill dispositions in the mind these may cause good which St. Basile thus declares Historians and Painters do often describe the glorious conflicts and great Deeds of Warlick Men those set them forth by Orations these paint them in Tables both of them have provoked many to Vertue to wit as the one perswades by his moving words so the other draws by his lively representation of the things done by our Saviour and his holy Servants Lastly to omit other reasons these Pictures or Images are placed to put us in mind of the Sanctity of the place wherein none but Holy Pictures are to be permitted and thereby is declared the Reverence of the place and indeed when one comes to a Church adorned as it becomes the House of God especially with Pictures Images and Statues he cannot but adore God to whom all this preparation is made for it has some resemblance of Heaven where God is said to be with his Angels and Saints adoring him with fear and Reverence for here by Faith we believe Christ Jesus God and Man to be really present and we contemplate in Spirit the Angels and Saints accompanying him under the forms of Bread and Wine we see our God and in the Images we see his Angels and Saints 5. Of Tapers or Candles Q. Why does the Church use Candles at Masse A. All Nations Gentils Jews and Christians have alwayes used Lamps Candles or Tapers in the Service of God the custome of the Gentils is manifest in their Histories of the Jews in the first Book of Moses and of the Christians in all ages as the Ecclesiastical Histories do Record and the first who opposed it in the Church was Vigilantius above 1200 years past against whom even in this point the Holy Fathers St. Hierome St. Augustine and St. Paulin did write in defence of the Catholick custome St. Epiphanius and Evodius make mention of it and we may gather that such was the custome of the Church for that our Constantine the Great who built and erected many Churches amongst other his gifts to the Churches did add possessions and Lands for the maintenance of such Lights Lamps and Candles in the Churches I might here alleage Councels and Histories for the use thereof but these may suffice Only I will note that the Office of Acholithus which is one of the Seven Ecclesiastical Orders called also Ceroforarius acknowledged by the Popes Cayus Cornelius and Gelasius all in the primitive times as
the Church praying for St. Peter and it has been the common custome of the Church even from the Apostles time Pope Pelagius 2. affirms it to be manifest that those are separated and divided from the whole World who through dissention do not remember the Apostolical Bishop in the Mystery that is in the Masse according to the received Custome Alcuinus gives this reason for it to wit that the Vnion of Charity and Faith of the members with the visible head of the visible Church may be presented to God Thirdly For the Bishop of the place if there be any for so St. Paul commands us to remember our Prelates Fourthly For all true believers in general and especially for those who labour for the advancement of the Catholick Faith for all Ecclesiastical Orders and Ministers and Preachers of God's Word For all who labour for the Conversion of Souls for all those who out of their liberality and charity do contribute to the maintenance of the Clergy and Mission and principally for the Conversion of our Countrey Q. Does he not pray for the King A. He may and ought to pray for the Emperours Kings Princes or States under whose Dominion he lives So St. Paul bids us to pray for all Men for Kings and all that are in preeminence yea although they be not true Members of the Church for there were no Christian Kings in St. Paul's time St. Chrysostome gives reasons in the First to follow Christ's command pray for them that persecute you Secondly That such Princes may become more favourable to Catholicks Thirdly That God would direct them in their Government that in Peace and Justice they may rule their Subjects Our Saviour commends this manner of praying by the prayer which a little before his passion he made Jesus lifting up his eyes to Heaven said Father glorifie thy Son that thy Son may glorifie thee that is that his passion might take effect for the Redemption of mankind and be made glorious before the whole World which would redound to the glory of God the Father Secondly He prayes for his Apostles and Disciples saying Holy Father keep them in my name that is conserve them in Faith Grace and Concord by thy omnipotent Power and Wisdome that they may be consenting in one Will and Spirit and Union of charity He prayes also that his Father would preserve them from all evil that is from Sin or what might draw to Sin from the Assaults and Temptations of the Devil and from all their Enemies both Spiritual and Temporal Then continuing his Prayer he said Holy Father Sanctifie them in truth that is Sanctifie and make them holy in their Dignity and calling to the Ministery of the Word according to truth and verity Thirdly He said and not only for them do I pray but also or those who by their word shall believe in me that they be all one in the Union of Faith and Charity agreeing in one Church and making one Flock or united as Members of the same Body in Christ Jesus Loe here Christ going to his passion prayes for the whole Church for the Prelates and Pastours thereof and generally for all Believers as here in imitation of Him the Priest does And it is our duty to pray for all here specified for we ought to pray for the Church which uncessantly prayes for us we ought also to pray for our Pastours who are vigilant over us duty requires it at all times and particularly in this palce our holy Mother the Church challenges it We are also to pray for our King according to that of Esdras let us offer Oblations to the God of Heaven and pray for the life of the King and of his Children or that of Baruch pray ye for the life of Nebuchadnezzar the King of Babylon and for the life of Balthasur his Son that their dayes may be as the dayes of Heaven upon the Earth and that the Lord give us strength and illuminate our eyes that we may live under the shadow of Nabuchadonozor the King of Babylon and under the shadow of Balthasar his Son and may serve them many dayes and may find grace in their sight If the Jews did so devoutly pray for the Kings under whose subjection they then lived by much more reason ought we Christians to pray for the lives of our natural King Queen and their Children or that they may have Children that their lives may be long on the Earth and that God would so inspire them that we may live securely under their shadow and protection serving them according to the duty of Loyal Subjects Thirdly We ought to pray for our Kingdom or Countrey for if the Prophet Jeremy advised the Israelites to seek the peace of the City to which God had transported them and to pray for it to our Lord giving a reason because in the peace thereof there shall be peace to you With more reason we Christians ought to pray for our native Countrey City or place of abode because the peace thereof is our peace their good is our good whence we pray for it in times of Necessity Wars Famine Sickness and such like Lastly We ought to pray for all as true Christians as they pray for us St. James advises us to pray one for another which is here to be done in a more particular manner according to the intention of the Church by vertue of the Communion of Saints St. Ambrose assures us that whilst each particular prayes for all all also pray for every one the benefit which arises thereby is that the prayer of each one acquires the suffrages of all and each one of the whole Catholick Church 3. Of the first Memento Q. What means this Memento A. The Priest having made mention of the general things or Persons and for whom he ought alwayes to pray descends now into particulars and First Prayes for those whose names he specifies Secondly For all who are present at his Masse Thirdly For those who do offer this Sacrifice with him Fourthly For their Friends Fifthly For their Intentions Q. Who be those he specifies A. Ordinarily he specifies by name or intention those for whom in particular he applyes his Masse or those to whom he has a particular Obligation as for his Parents Patrons or such like on whom he has some special dependence or from whom he receives some spiritual benefit or temporal sustenance maintenance or charity which is or ought to be observed by Missioners who for the most part live upon such Charity and Almes Q. Why does he pray for all present A The Church requires this of him as a part of his Function for it is his office to pray for the People for God ordained in the Law that the Priest at the Altar should pray for himself and for the People and therefore here the Priest prayes for all that are present at Masse It was the office of Aaron's Priests to pray for the multitude and by their prayers God was
propitious to them Without all doubt the Evangelical Priest's prayers are more powerful especially when they are poured forth in such a Sacrifice which far surpasses all other Sacrifices and therefore supposing our Faith and Devotion he here offers this Sacrifice for us Q. Why for those who offer A. I have said formerly that all present do or may offer this Sacrifice and therefore although those who are present in some manner are partakers thereof and so satisfie the precept of the Church in days of Obligation yet they have not so effectually the spiritual and temporal effect thereof unless they devoutly offer it up with the Priest It was well said by St. Anthony the Abbot when one desired the Saint to pray for him How shall I pray for thee when thou doest not pray for thy self and how shall we expect to participate effectually of the Sacrifice if we do not when we may offer it for our selves Q. Why for their Friends A. Holy Job offered Holocaust for every one of his Children and for his Friends and according to the desire of the faithful present the Priest prayes for their Friends and Family making his purpose to offer this Sacrifice for them to the end that they may be partakers thereof Q Why for their Intentions A. The Priest supposing that our vows and intentions are to hear Masse in regard of our selves and those now mentioned prayes that this Sacrifice may be for the good of their Souls for encrease of their hope and spiritual and corporal safety Whilst the Priest makes this Memento which we know when the Priest joyns his hands before his breast as in a Meditation we may joyn our prayers to the same intentions specifying mentally the persons for whom either of Obligation Promise Duty or Charity we are to pray as for our Parents Benefactors or Friends we may also pray and offer up this Sacrifice for our Family or any other necessity for which we intend to pray at this time Q. What follows this Memento A. As soon as the Priest has said the Memento opening his hands he goes forward in the Sacred Action and as formerly he had called the Angels to his help and desired their presence in this holy Sacrifice so here he invocates the Blessed Virgin Apostles and Martyrs and all the Saints to help him in this his Action Q. Wherefore does the Priest here invocate the Saints A. In all ancient Liturgies or Masses it was so and the Church herein imitates the Prophet David and the Children in the Furnace who considering there is no possibility to reach praises due to God and knowing their own insufficiency did invite the Angels Saints and all faithful Believers yea all Creatures to praise our Lord in all his works So having formerly invited the Angels so here she invites all the Saints to praise God in this wonderful work of his love and goodness in coming unto us in the Eucharist I cannot but note here Three things which the Church commends unto us worthy to be observed to wit Communicants which presents unto us the Communion of Saints The Second is the venerable memory of the Saints The Third is the confidence we may have in their merits and prayers The Communion of Saints which we profess in our Creed wherein we believe that we have Communion not only with the faithful on Earth but also with the Saints in Heaven yea with the Angels In the Preface we had our Communion with the Angels here with the Saints that they may assist us in God's praises for here is the self-same object which they contemplate in Heaven and that they here with us may praise our common God that so the Church Militant United to the whole Church Triumphant may worthily receive their Lord and Master coming unto us in this holy Sacrifice We may piously believe that in this great action of the Consecration not only the Angels as is said before in the Preface are present but also the Saints accompanying their King For St. John saith They follow the Lamb whithersoever he shall go St. Hierome infers if the Lamb be there those who are with him are there Never more properly than in this Sacrifice where the Lamb Christ Jesus is offered hence it is that the Church here desires their Communion For as St. Cyril of Hierusalem sayes The Church by her Priests doth not offer this Sacrifice but in the Communion and Society of the Saints Many Expositers say we Communicate with the Saints in the Sacrament of the Altar for what they perceive in Vision that we frequent in the Sacramental species Secondly Odo and others do affirm that without this Communion of the faithful and veneration of the Saints there is no place of offering Sacrifice wherefore the Church in her Sacrifice Communicates in the memory of Saints St. Augustine in several places insists much in the memory of Saints as we erect no Temples Altar or Sacrifices to the Martyrs because not they but their God is our God we honour their memories as Gods Saints c. Who ever heard the Priest at the Altar that was built up in Gods honour and the Martyrs memories and a little after gives the reason That we at that Solemnity may both give thanks to God for their Victories and be encouraged to endeavour the attainment of such Crowns of Glory as they have already attained still invocating him at their memorials and in another place we offer only to him who is both their God and ours At which offering those Conquerours of the World as Men of God have each one his peculiar Commemoration which St. Chrysostome attributes to their honour for sayes he It is a great honour to be named in the presence of our Lord whilst we celebrate his death in this dreadful Sacrifice Thirdly The Priest here sayes that by the merits and prayers of the Saints we may obtain grace from God in this great action and craves their assistance and help in the performance thereof For as St. Augustine sayes We do not make mention or memory of the Martyrs at our Lord's Table as of others c. But rather to the end that they may pray for us and that we may imitate and follow them The self-same he has in another place styling it to be according to the Ecclesiastical Discipline to remember them at Gods Altar and that it were an injury to pray for Martyrs to whose prayers we ought to commend our selves We may joyn with the Priest in craving the assistance of the B. Virgin and Saints that we may Devoutly attend and be made worthy of Christ's presence and offer up to God what we are here to do by their merits and intercessions specifying if we will the Saint we are Devoted to or the Martyr whose Feast is celebrated as it was done in the Oriental Church 4. Of what follows before the Consecration Q. What prayer follows this we have now spoken of A. Next after the Invocation of the Saints confiding
and as such implores the mercy of God putting their whole hope and trust in the multitude of his mercies whence Alcuinus and others say Although we ought at all times to acknowledg before God by confession and contrition that we are sinners yet especially in the time of Masse by which Sacrifice and Oblation the grace of indulgence and remission of sins are mercifully granted imitating herein the holy Thief who being present at our Saviours passion cryed out We indeed are justly condemned for we receive things worthy of our doings O Lord remember me Q. Why does the Priest then raise his voice A. That all present may attend to that which so much concerns them for as Bishop Steven and others teach The raising of the voice is an oral confessing breaking his former silence as a Testimony of Repentance by the voice of the Priest from all those who are partakers of the Sacrifice of the Masse the Priest therefore interrupts his secret prayer expressing in words what is in his heart thereby also to move the hearers to consider that we are all sinners although we are here Gods servants that is doing now Gods service and that although we are sinners yet with a lively faith and firm hope in the merits of Christ's passion we presume to ask mercy and pardon and as in voice he expresses the interiour affection of his mind so by knocking his breast he declares it in action after the example of the Publican who knocked his breast saying Lord be merciful to me a sinner So the Priest here knocks his breast and vertually cryes out Lord be merciful and propitious to us sinners Q. What more doth the Priest pray for here A. In hope of Remission of our sins he here prayes for the greatest effect of this Sacrifice viz. the participation of and Society with the Apostles and Martyrs and all the Saints praying that God out of his infinite mercy would pardon our sins and admit us into their holy company And this in correspondence to the mystery here represented for Christ's death is our Redemption and the way to Heaven is laid open unto us whereof we have a Testimony of the good Thief who deserved to hear This day thou shalt be with me in Paradise which is the same in effect with that which the Church here desires for to be in consort and company of the Saints is all one as to be in Paradise or Heaven Here we may raise acts of Contrition and sorrow for our sins and after the example of the Priest knock our breasts saying in heart or word I have sinned Lord and I detest my sin as the unhappy cause of all thy dolours and most grievous sufferances but thou O Jesu the Son of David have mercy on me and out of charity we may pray for all sinners and after this we may adjoyn our selves to the Priest praying and begging that we may be associated to the holy court of Heaven Q. Why does the Priest make here so many Crosses A. None ought to wonder at what the Church in all ages has practised but piously consider the mysteries represented thereby for the Priest makes three Crosses on the Host and Chalice to represent unto us the three Hours wherein Christ hanged on the Cross we may also contemplate that Christ was contemned and reviled by three sorts of persons by the Priests Scribes and Elders who together with the people wagging their heads said Vah which is an interjection or voice of derision insultation reproach and detestation those who were crucified with him railed at him the Souldiers also mocked and derided him Now a little after this the Priest takes the holy Host and with it over the Chalice makes the sign of the Cross three times to signifie that the Sacrifice is available for three sorts of persons 1. For those in Heaven to the increase of their glory 2. For the Souls in Purgatory to the relief of their sufferances 3. For those on Earth to remission of their sins and increase of grace Durand contemplates in these three crosses the threefold sufferance of Christ on the Cross which he calls compassion propassion and Passion Compassion in heart taking pity of our miseries and thirsting after our Redemption with a most vehement and ardent desire which he expressed on the Cross when he said I Thirst to wit the Salvation of Souls devout St. Bernardine speaketh of this Thirst crys out O love overcoming all things how have you exceeded in good Jesus all Torment of mind and Body and having respect to the fruit of his passion it only grieved him that he could not be tormented perpetually which the Saint thus declares Christ offered himself for all Eternity whence by desire he would have dilated his life for a certain infinity fully offering it to sustain infinite deaths Propassion in excess of charity for as the Prophet Isay says He surely hath born all our infirmities and carryed all our sorrows he made all our sorrows troubles afflictions and pains as his own and in them suffered for us yea it more grieved him to see our ingratitude and neglect of his passion then all his torments with this Propassion he began his passion when he said My Soul is sorrowful even to death Christ as St. Thomas says did not so much grieve for the loss of his temporal life as for our sins and in this he continued even to his Corporal death we may well say that as death was the end of his life so his sorrow came to that excess that it could not be greater Lastly his Passion wherein we may consider his innumerable pains and torments the great Abiss of his Humility and the infinite utility thereof Cardinal Drogo contemplates Christ hanging on the Cross wounded in his whole Body from top to toe and bathed all in blood crying out O all ye that pass by the way attend and see if their sorrow be like to my sorrow if their labour be like to my labour and if their love be like to my love Now for the other two Crosses which Durand observes joyning these to the other three we may contemplate the true substance in Christ his Divinity Soul and Body and in the two last the Soul and Body separated in his death but more properly these two last Crosses which are made at the side of the Chalice signifie the two Sacraments which did slow from our Saviours side to wit the water of Regeneration the blood of our Redemption according to the testimony of St. John one of the Souldiers with a Spear opened his side incontinently there came forth blood and water Q. Why does the Priest lift up the Chalice and Host A. To represent the taking down of Christ from the Cross for to this end he elevates them together and then setting them down on the Corporal represents the deposition of his body in the Syndon to the Sepulcher for Joseph taking his body wrapped it in a clean Syndon
Ceremonies and in Devotion joyn our selves with the blessed Maries in using all diligence to find Christ Jesus rising in our Souls 2. Of the Ceremonies in breaking the Holy Host Q. Why is the Host here broken A. The Church herein follows Christs institution who as the Evangelists do teach did break the Bread St. Luke expresses it with the usual Ceremonies of Consecration and it was so notorious a circumstance that the whole Sacrifice did carry the name of breaking Bread not that the body of Christ is broken or separated one peice from another no more then the Soul in man is broken or divided although the body be broken and divided the division therefore here is in the species or forms of Bread for that the fraction or breaking of the species brings not any division in Christs body in the venerable Sacrament of the Altar So that although the species be divided into parts yet Christ undivided and unparted is known and found to be in each divided part for it is as the Soul whole in the whole Host and whole in every part So the same body whole and entire without separation or division remains in all the Hosts over the whole World and in every part and parcel of every one of the Hosts after Consecration This was prefigured in the Sacrifice of fine Flower called Mincha whereof mention is made in Lev ticus The Bread or Cake as St. Thomas notes when it was Sacrificed to God was to be broken or divided into little pieces Q. Why does the Priest divide it first into two parts A. That is done according to the double state of the predestinate to wit of those who are in eternal glory and those who are in this vale of misery which is all one to say the one represents the Church Triumphant the other the Church militant The first part is laid on the Patten as being now in rest and peace Q. But why is this division made over the Chalice A. Besides the moral reason which is least the particles or fragmenrs which happen sometimes in the breaking of the Host might scatter abroad whereas in breaking them over the Chalice they are received therein there is another mystical reason to give us to understand that the gates of Heaven were opened unto us by our Saviours passion and Heaven bought by his blood Q. What means the other division A. That other part signifies the militant Church which is again divided whereof the one part represents those who are in purgatory with hope and assurance of being joyned to the Triumphant Church in sign whereof the Priest layes it down joyning it to the former part on the Patten Now the third part representing the militant Church on Earth is held over the Chalice whilst the Priest concludes his prayer according to the wonted manner saying per omnia saecula saeculorum for ever and ever whereto Amen is answered Now the prayer was for Christs peace which he brought into the World by his Resurrection whence the Priest making three Crosses on the Chalice denounceth that peace saying Pax Domini sit semper Vobiscum in the person of Christ as now rising saith The peace of our Lord be always with you which is the same with the Pax vobis Peace be with you which Christ gave to the Disciples when he appeared to them after his Resurrection St. Cyril of Alexandria says Peace be to you said Christ to his Disciples whence there is a certain Law delivered unto us by the Church for in all Congregations we salute one another in this manner the words are full of Love and Authority and the good tydings of the Resurrection of Christ in our Souls by the amiable and and full offer of peace to men of good will all impediments or obstacles of our Salvation are taken away and a glorious Trophy of victory over Death Sin and Hell is set up with this inscription of peace Q Why then does the Priest make three Crosses over the Chalice with the third part A. To intimate that Christs peace is not to be had but by the Cross planted in our hearts professed in our mouths and imitated in our actions or to signifie that Christs Resurrection was after that he had been three days in the Grave represented by the Chalice The Angel of the Schools explicates this Ceremony more mystically to our Salvation saying that three Crosses are in honour of the most holy Trinity who sent the Lamb to make peace by the Cross to Angels and Men. It may also signifie the threefold peace which Christ has brought by his passion to wit internal external and supernal The first is the interiour peace of the mind and Conscience which cannot be had but by Christ who said In me you may have peace St. Hierome affirms that this peace of the mind is so quiet and settled that it is not troubled with any passion for the holy Soul feeling it self free from the terrours of pain and punishment being in grace and friendship with God enjoys wonderful peace and tranquility The second peace is that which makes the union of mind and will with our Neighbours to this peace St. Paul invites us saying Have peace and the God of peace and love shall be with you and again he earnestly exhorts us thereunto advising us to be careful to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace for peace is a chain or cement which unites conjoyns and tyes together Christian hearts The Third peace is properly the peace of God which as the same St. Paul sayes passes all understanding and is the peace which the Soul has with God the perfection whereof we expect in the life to come So that we may well call Christ Jesus his rising our peace pacifying by the blood of the Cross whether the things on Earth or the things that are in Heaven Now to shew that this Triple peace comes to us by Christs blood the Priest immediately lets fall the particle into the Chalice of Christs blood In consideration of what has been said we may call to mind the words of St. Paul If we become complanted to the similitude of his death we shall also be of his Resurrection by Christs death which we have hitherto meditated we may come more easily to consider his Resurrection Secondly we may contemplate the Resurrection and with the holy Women raise acts of fear and joy for it is said they went forth quickly out of the Monument with fear and great joy A double affection sayes St. Hierome of fear and joy did possess the Womens minds one for the greatness of the Miracle the other from the vision of him that was risen or as Enthemius sayes with fear for the wonderful things they had seen with joy also for the joyful tydings which they heard let us with fear consider our unworthiness and with joy contemplate the Resurrection which assures us of our Resurrection To this end St. Paul sayes Christ was delivered up