impossible to restore Heat again by the return of the Sun or any other natural means as to give life to a dead man For a privatione ad habitum nullus est regressus As for their simile or example it will do them small service For seeing that betwixt twelve and two in the afternoon the Sun continueth his action still without interruption their own reason will teach them that this is not ad idem For we speak of the intended qualities of the Seasons where by intercourse of the nights they must needs confess an intermission of the Suns appearation which alone as we read serveth greatly to qualifie the Suns order to them that dwell under the Aequinoctial Wherefore to conclude this Point also forasmuch as Cold is the opposite quality to Heat which of it self is by Kepler and Cardane confessed to have a real existence in Nature They must also be driven to acknowledge Cold to be more then a meer Negation and Privation because it is impossible that that which is not habituall can be actually contrary to a particular Nature in Being CHAP. X. The first Qualities originally from Heaven not from the Elements HAving therefore as I take it sufficiently proved Cold to be a positive quality the next thing which in order offereth it self to be decided is whereunto we shall originally refer the same with the rest of the first qualities And forasmuch as the whole Systeme of the world is distinguished into two parts Celestial or Elementary we must of necessity primarily derive them from the one or the other But I will prove That they are only by accident and not essentially in the Elements wherefore of consequence originally to be ascribed to the heavenly Bodies I know they are commonly placed in the definition of the Elements and therefore they define Air to be hot and moist Water cold and moist Earth cold and dry But if it be better considered we may more truly say with Roslinus That the Elements rather essentially differ one from another in other qualities which are as it were the off-spring of these as in rariety density levity gravity liquidness softness transparancy opacity For so is the Earth an heavy thick dark firm and stable Element The Water likewise soft flowing and navigable The Air light rare liquid and permeable and so tempered one to another in proportion that as the Air in the rarity and liquidness thereof is to the softness and flowing nature of the Water so is the like constitution of the Water unto the density and firmness of the Earth neither thin nor thick in extremity but of a middle temperature between both And in a word they are all proportioned to the heavenly Bodies but as the matter of things meerly passive not having their first qualities essentially in themselves but by accident from Heaven Thus teacheth Aristotle himself and thus says his Expositors Zabarella Toletus Scaliger and others Neither do I rest upon their authority alone but upon their firm and evident Reasons For were these the essential forms of the Elements they could not be intended and remitted because it is against the principle which denyeth form to admit intension and remission But these qualities are sometimes more or less in the Elements wherefore neither can they be affirmed their essential forms neither can the Elements themselves be said the first subjects of Heat Cold Moisture and Siccity considering that both Experience and Sence teacheth us that they be neither hot nor cold but indifferently disposed to the receiving of all the qualities and not more capable of the one then the other For example to them in a right sphere the Air is always hot by reason of the perpendicularity of the Sun beams To us it is variable sometimes hot sometimes cold sometimes moist and sometimes dry And to them nearer the North Pole for the most part cold Nay which is more absurd were these qualities formally in the Elements we should of necessity be driven to constitute two forms in every Element answerable to the two first qualities ascribed to every one of them and those not differing secundum magis minus but in the highest degree of perfection and that in such sort also as they might not be reputed of the same special kind but to vary one from another For if the moisture of the Air should not differ from the moisture of the Water confusion would follow and so no distinction at all of the Elements And yet if these qualities be admitted of a divers species instead of four we must constitute eight first qualities Wherefore I take it very clear that seeing the first four qualities cannot originally be derived from the Elements necessity will infer by consequence that their first inherence is in the inward forms of the heavenly Bodies from whence by accident as Aristotle teacheth and not otherwise they are conveyed into the Elements CHAP. XI The scruple of alteration in Heaven which made the Peripateticks Picus Cardane c. to ascribe the first Qualities to the Elements taken away WHich being true it will not be labour lost after these grounds thus laid to borrow a little more patience for examination of the Reason why Picus Cardane Kepler with others frankly confessing heat to descend with the light of the Stars are nevertheless so nice to subscribe to the derivation of the rest of the qualities from Heaven The consideration whereof will also something explain unto us the differing maner between their inherence in the Stars and in the Elements And surely I find none other Reason of their doubt in this Point but that they fear if contrary qualities should originally be found in Heaven we must withall induce action and passion between the heavenly Bodies and so by consequence generation and corruption whereof the Peripateticks may not abide to hear Which Objection may diversly be answered For first whatsoever the Peripateticks have held we know the world to have had a beginning and therefore even by their own doctrine it shall have an end And the experience of latter times hath sufficiently proved Heaven subject to alteration as is evident by that Spot which in the time of Charls the Great continued 8. or 9. days in the Sun being by Historiographers though ignorantly reputed to be Mercury For Copernicus after supputation findeth it not to be Mercury but a prodigious Meteor which could not happen but in the Sphaere of the Sun considering it accompanied the Sun it self so long time together The like Buntingus Gemma Frisius and others report of that strange and bloody obscurity which Anno 1547. did so darken the Sun three whole days together as the stars for the most part were seen at high noon But what need I run to forraign Testimonies when all London can bear me witness of the like Blot which in the year 1604. 11. and 12. of Octob. appeared first a little above the South-East Periphery of the Sun
and seemed to move by little and little unto the center of his Globe And whereunto shall we refer the illumination and extinguishing of the Comets and new Stars which in this our age have been observed to flame in Heaven it self Do they not all demonstratively prove generation and corruption in Heaven True it is that by reason of our remote distance from the heavenly Spheres we cannot by sense attain to every particular alteration which hapneth there And therefore Aristotle neither being acquainted with the Worlds Creation nor in former ages finding any alteration in Heaven but still receiving by tradition that the Planets the fixed Stars their motions and the medium in which they are remained the same while in the mean time the Earth and Elements are dayly subject unto divers changes familiar to our eyes concludeth from Experience Heaven to be priviledged from almutation but the Elements to be obnoxious thereunto But could either Aristotle be informed that now this latteâ— age more diligent then the former hatâ— observed new bodies in Heaven or were it possible that our mortal eyes might from the Heavens behold the Earth as now from the Earth we behold them I verily am perswaded that both the Philosopher would change his opinion and that we should from Heaven behold as little alteration in the Globe of the Earth as now we observe in Heaven He that listeth to read more of this matter let him peruse Kepler himself cap. 23. de Nova Stella where he doth purposely treat of this Subject and proveth by five particular Reasons That the matter of Heaven is alterable Which if it be true then is their Argument from the consequence of alteration of no force against the first qualities in Heaven but rather to be retorted upon themselves in this manner That because there is a generation and alteration demonstratively observed ergo the first qualities may likewise be affirmed there as fit Instruments of these Mutations But nevertheless leaving this Doctrine in suspence because it is new Yet is not our Cause so needy but that I dare otherwise undertake to prove the Consequent of the Reason to be false for that the Stars may very well be justified to have divers and contrary virtues without admitting any passion in the heavenly Bodies For Astra agere quod in seipsis non est is no rare Maxim among the learned some of whom use this distinction between the differing manner of these qualities in the Stars otherwise then in the Elements by supposing them in the first only effective and in the latter subjective Because as they will have it the Stars are not actually hot or cold but virtualiter that is they have a certain power to produce Heat and Cold and the rest of the qualities in the other bodies out of themselves which nevertheless are not in themselves But for mine own part I freely confess not well to conceive this subtilty though it be Scaligers how the Sun not being habitually hot yet nevertheless can burn Rather to go more directly to the work I hold the efficacy of the Stars to proceed from that natural virtue which is originally inherent in themselves which notwithstanding shall never the more subject these excellent Bodies to alteration For as the Load-stone more precious then any Diamond hath in many points a singular affinity with Heaven so it doth not fail to lend us a most lively example how contraries may be found in the same natural body without destruction thereof For what can be more contrary then attraction repulsion Yet if the Needle be touched with the North Pole of the Load-stone it is certain that as that part will attract the same so the contrary Pole or End will make it fly away yet without any danger or passion in the stone it self Why should we not therefore believe that as Heaven is far more excellent then these sublunary Bodies so it should be endowed with all the virtues which are found here beneath in a far more excellent manner and without any prejudice to the purity of the matter whereof it consisteth For if the Matter be not proportioned unto the power of the Agent no effect can follow But even by the Doctrine of the Peripateticks such is the matter of Heaven consisting of a simple and fift essence free from all passion ergo although we do admit contrary qualities to flow from the Stars yet shall this work no alteration because the matter of Heaven is not an apt subject for this purpose And for this Reason we may not consider these qualities as they are found in the Elements or mixt Bodies whose matter is passive but rather as they are inherent in a simple and pure essence priviledged from corruption being for this cause called by Aristotle agentes {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} thereby to distinguish them from those inferior things which are mutually subject to action and passion because they consist of elementary matter I doubt not therefore but by this which hath been said it doth sufficiently appear That in this Controversie between the Stars and the Elements these celestial and pure Lights have obtained priority as first indued by God with natural power by their motion Light and secret influence to excite and stir up Heat Cold Moisture and Siccity in these sublunary Bodies subordinate unto them according to their several virtues CHAP. XII The Cause why the Cold in Winter is greatest in February proved to proceed from the different Points of Heaven whose diversity is shewed WHerefore now to return from whence I digressed Having thus prepared the way I may the more boldly proceed and with better assurance according to the Rules of Astrologie ascribe this increase of Cold which commonly hapneth about February partly unto the complexion of that Sign which the Sun then passeth partly to the apparent rising and setting of those Constellations which ordinarily agree to this moneth And first concerning that part of Heaven which the Sun then holdeth we are to know that it is the Dominion of Saturn whose influence excelleth in exciting Cold as in that which follows I hope infallibly to demonstrate the same being diametrically opposite unto the Royal Pallace of the Sun which alone to those that repose in the principles delivered by Astrologers is sufficient Reason in this case But if any there be that doth doubt thereof and whether the matter of Heaven may admit variety as well as the Stars I doubt not but to satisfie him also partly by Reason partly by undoubted Experâ—ence For first whereas we see the forms of divers things in this sublunary world apparantly to consent both with certain Stars and with the particular Regions of Heaven Reason teacheth us that this can proceed from no other probable cause in Nature then from the sympathy or agreeable temperature of their Substances And that one or two examples may stand for many we see the North part of Heaven particularly
them more lifted up above the superficies of the Earth then 236. perches Wherefore admitting G F which is the part of the Perpendicular line that penetrateth the gross Air to be three miles and F C the semidiamiter of the Earth to be 3436 miles and the Summer and Winter heights as before it will be manifest by supputation that whereas K F shall pierce but four miles or thereabouts M F shall pass twelve and somewhat more So that the opposition and impediment which the Sun-beams do suffer in Winter is triple to that which they feel in their Summer passage and doth therefore weaken the Suns force in that preparation And being added to the rest of the causes before specified doth demonstratively prove all together considered that the heat in Summer excelleth that which we receive in Winter in proportion as 144. is to 1. In explaining whereof I have been the more curious because that which is here demonstrated concerning the Suns apparition is likewise to be applyed to the rest of the Planets which moving under the same Circle that the Sun doth shall receive the like addition or abatement of force and therefore of singular moment to be observed in all Judgments CHAP. VI Why the ending of July and beginning of August is the hottest time of Summer and so likewise the ending of January and beginning of February the coldest time of Winter BUt we must further consider that although these four causes are most evident upon the very Solstitial days yet it is not always of necessity that upon them we always feel the greatest heat or cold But there is yet another general cause to be added which in respect of it self doth commonly aggravate the bitterness of Winter about the beginning of February The Reason whereof Kepler doth resolutely ascribe to Privation onely with Cardan further denying Cold to be a positive quality and with him Picus that any specifical vertue doth descend unto us from Heaven besides Light and Heat and therefore saith that the Air Water and Earth being naturally destitute of Heat as they are material and thick Bodies are neither â—uddenly warmed nor suddenly cold but conceiving Heat in June when the â—un is at the highest do accumulate it â—nto the Heat of July and August after the same manner and for the same Reaâ—on that the heat of the day in the afterâ—oon is greater then at high noon until the Sun after his declining by degrees â—rom us doth also by little little withdraw his heat from these Elements which â—hen return to their former Nature and â—o necessarily admit Cold in the absence â—f Heat which still prevaileth more and more by the Suns long discontinuance â—rom us until after February be past â—e begin to recover some part of his â—orce again CHAP. VII The method set down which is observed in refelling Kepler WHereunto because it concerneth the very Foundation of Astrologie I must crave leave to answer not doubting but if I can demonstrate that both Cold and all the rest of the first qualities do proceed essentially from Heaven and are onely to be found by accident in the Elements that this will give the Reader who before stood in doubt good satisfaction And the better to clear this point I will first shew that Heat is neither essential to the Light nor so inseparably united unto it but that they are and may be severed as diverse in Nature whereby it will likewise follow that the rest of the qualities may concur with Light as well as Heat This done I will secondly make it plain that Cold is no privation but a positive quality and that neither it nor the rest of the qualities can originally be referred to the Elements but of consequence to Heaven yea and that without any incongruity in Philosophy whatsoever the Peripateticks and their followers have heretofore thought Which thus premised the Reader shall be the better prepared to believe both that this common Intension in February is to be ascribed as Astrologie teacheth partly to those parts of Heaven which the Sun doth then pass by partly to such Constellations as do then rise and set and also the better to conceive how the Intensions Remissions of every season may grow by the particular passions of the Planets and the rest of the Stars and not from naked Privation as Kepler would have it CHAP. VIII Other qualities concomitate Light as well as Heat ANd now to prosecute these things in order First I affirm That although we see Heat and Light to descend joyntly with the Beams of the Sun yet it doth not concomitate the light of all the Stars for that heat is neither the substance of the light for assertion whereof Scaliger justly reprehendeth Cardane nor more to be confounded with light then sight then sight is to be confounded with touch whereof Light and Heat are proper Objects For as we cannot feel the Light nor see the Heat so those Senses which are not always joyntly exercised together as we see and not feel and feel and not see do teach us that Light and Heat are divers qualities and both in reason and nature may be conceived to subsist the one without the other This will best appear by the diffinition of both which evermore expresseth the nature of the thing in question Forasmuch therefore as Heat is that quality which doth congregate homogeneal things and separate those that are heterogeneal which agreeeth not to the property of the Light which is brought unto us by the Beams of the Stars the same being defined according to Alhazen and Vitellio to be only The Species or Image of the inherent Light of the Sun or Star from whence it is sent There is nothing more evident then that that Heat which is conveyed unto us with the beams of the Sun is of a divers nature from the light thereof For both Sence and Experience do prove That Heat is no Image or similitude but a real and active quality which how it should subsist in an Image as in the subject or how Light should subsist in Heat being likewise an accidental quality are difficulties which in my judgment will not easily be answered except we can prove that one accident may be the subject of another which is against all Philosophy This then alone although it doth sufficiently prove that Light and Heat are two divers qualities yet to make it more apparent dayly observation doth shew That one may be and remain in the absence of the other as we see in Attrition where Heat is excited without Light and so we may exclude the Light when nevertheless the heat of the Sun shall remain And though the Earth and the rest of the Elements retein the impression of the former day yet doth neither the Earth Air or Water shine after the Sun is set Wherefore if Heat may thus exist and be separated from the light and it be also true as before hath been shewed
to affect Iron that hath either layn long North and South in some old building or that otherwise hath bin forg'd at such a position as precisely respecteth the same But above all who is so ignorant of the like impression in the Load-stone as that he knoweth not the Mariner thereby to shape his Course and to be further able by the ingenious diligence of our Countryman Mr D Gilbert to give the elevation of the Pole wheresoever he be come Considering therefore that this distinction of Regions is not to be ascribed to any Star but to the whole Systeme or Body of Heaven therefore here we see directly a respective quality impressed in these Subjects which cannot be ascribed to any thing but the matter of Heaven Again whereas even Picus himself and the Enemies of Astrologie do grant thus much to Aristotle That if Heaven were quiet and stood still nothing could have motion which granted it also followeth according to the proportion of the first motions which are proper to Heaven That all the natural motions of inferior things are both excited and ordinated Valesius demandeth whether Heaven simply performeth the same by the motion thereof or by accident By simply he meaneth as if Heaven did communicate this motion only because it is moved By accident as if by moving is communicateth an accidental faculty of motion unto other things as when the hand moveth the candle to flax the hand by his own motion moveth the candle and so burneth the flax or straw the one by it self because it doth not otherwise move the candle then by the motion of the hand but it doth the other by accident because by moving of the hand and the candle it also conveyeth the flame which burneth of it self If therefore Heaven by the motion thereof doth immit any motive faculty unto things by help whereof they are moved then hath it of necessity another virtue of moving besides the own Motion But if Picus to avoyd this deny Heaven to impart any such virtue and persist in this opinion that Heaven moveth because it is moved Then saith Valesius it shall not skill of what matter Heaven consisteth seeing this effect would as well follow if Heaven were of wood mettal or stone and were withall carryed about But this could not be For if a wooden Sphere were turned about circularly over our heads why should a stone and smoak for example move in a streight line the one upward the other downward For whatsoever moveth another it doth it either by impulsion attraction volutation or vection But a stone falling is neither drawn thrust forward carryed or turned about by Heaven seeing the same falleth in a streight line Wherefore Valesius strongly concludeth That the matter of Heaven concurreth with those things that are moved by immitting some virtue which moveth every thing in the kind which yet is diverse from the circular motion it self Besides if that be true which Aristotle and with him hitherto Schools of Philosophy do teach in the definition of a Star That there is no difference between the same and the Orb wherein it is fixed but that the Star is Densior pars ejusdem Then I say it doth unanswerably follow That as the Stars differ one from another in Motion Magnitude Colour and Virtue so likewise those parts of Heaven wherein they are fixed must needs admit the like variety of nature and qualities If any following the late opinion of Tycho and others shall here deny the Stars to be fixed and inherent in the matter of Heaven and affirm the substance thereof to be liquid giving way as the Stars move through the same I answer That besides it will be incomprehensible in a mans understanding how all Stars should finish the diurnal motion from East to West and yet in the same moment strive with a contrary Endeavor in that which we call the proper motions from the West to the East and that which is more at once both ascend and descend from or neerer to the Earth They shall hardly in the end be able to make this their conceit stand with the motion of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} which as it is evident to Sense is the very substance and matter of the Heaven it self differing only from the rest of Heaven in whiteness of colour And yet we see both the same Stars now contained within the latitude thereof and others to describe and limit the tract of this Circle as it crosseth the Zodiack from one Tropick to the other which Ptolomy did comprehend define the same by in his time which to my poor understanding doth infallibly prove That the fixed Stars at the least are inherent and fastened in the matter of Heaven for that otherwise the Substance of this Circle could not now be found equally moved from the Aequinoctial Points with the Stars that were then in and about the same I might yet confirm this further by that Sympathy which is found betwixt the Points of Heaven in the time of Conception and Nativities and betwixt the figure of the Fathers Nativity and the Sons but for brevity sake I remit him that will be better informed to Kepler And now to confirm these Reasons by Experience I know not what better course to take then to appeal to their Testimony who have travelled into America in whose stories we read That the same parts of Heaven both to them and us retain the same qualities For thus Johannes Lerius in the History of his Navigation into Brasile affirmeth That their Ship passed the Aequinoctial the day before the Nones of February which was about the fourth of that moneth at what time nevertheless the Sun being in Aquarius he complaineth of great Tempests extream and corrupt rain with inconstant and tempestuous storms of winde And no less if not more notable is that which I find in Josephus Acosta whose words for the Readers better satisfaction as they lie in the English Translation I will set down as followeth Truly saith Acosta it is an admirable thing and worthy of observation That the Air is most clear and without rain under the burning Zone when as the Sun is furthest off and contrariwise there is most Rain Snow and Mists when as the Sun is nearest Such as have not travelled in this new World will haply think this incredible and it will seem strange unto such as have been there if they have not well observed it But the one and the other will willingly yield in noting the certain experience of that which hath been said of this part of Peru which looks to the Southern or Antartick Pole the Sun is then furthest off when it is nearest unto Europe that is May June July and August when he makes his Course in the Tropick of Cancer During which moneths the Air at Peru is very calm and clear neither doth there fall any Snow or Rain all their Rivers fall much and some are
and challenged Antiquity to himself is here put down by the brightness of this new Light And further as the Sun Metaphorically representeth Kings and Magistrates and Nobility in Astrologie are resembled to the Planets about the Sun So the fixed Stars are compared to the People and Commons amongst whom some excel others and therefore whether there be a new Democraty or Aristocraty of the Church and Common-wealth founded while the Sun suffereth his light to be obscured by the ☽ or whether the Gospel often by the Scriptures resembled to the Sun shall suffer an Eclipse I take not upon me to decide But this I verily believe as far as I can look into it with any probable guess that since the beginning of this great Conjunction there hath been many Treaties of Peace over all the parts of the World both between us and the French the Lowcountry-men and the Spaniard and also between the Emperor Turks and Hungarians all which are concluded saving the Peace between the Low-countries and Spain So you shall see if I be not deceived that Treaty will break off and by that means the Wars be renewed the King of Spain utterly beaten out of his Indies and the Gospel propagated unto the Southern parts For to what other end is this new Star Perpendicular to the Indian Seas and to the best part of America To what end also though Mars seemeth in the Eclipse in respect of his Position as also in the great Conjunction in respect of his Latitude directed is he notwithstanding both in the figure of the great Conjunction elevated above all the Planets while Saturn and Iupiter are in pessimo loco and in the figure of the Eclipse as your self materially noted in imperante gradu signo over the place Eclipsed Besides you aptly note the dissembling and treacherous âš¹ of Saturn in 12. loco to the place Eclipsed together with the hostile and exact Irradiation of Iupiter to the same I speak not these things as if I pronounced them Ab Apollinis Tripode but as I compare the likelihood of future accidents by the state of things present as they have any allusion to the apparition of the heavenly bodies All which I submit to your grave Censure And so craving pardon for my tediousness and not doubting your good acceptance of my good will I commend my love unfeignedly and rest Yours most assured Christopher Heydon April 2. 1608. FINIS lib. 2. cap. 8 Continuance of operation what difference it causes between the temperature of Summer and winter Union of Beams what it causeth Quantity of Beams Crassitude of the Air The depth of Vaporous Air wherein we live In fundam Astrolog Thes. 12 19. Exercitat 75. Heat or Hotness defined Light defined or rather lightsomness Light in many natural Bodies which yet be actually cold Cold accompanieth reflected Light The light of the Moon not to be hot found by reflexion Privation can be no cause of Cold Wherein the Elements differ essentially Arist. li 1. Met. cap. 4. Zabar li 1. de qualit Element cap. 2. Tolet. 2. de gen. cor. 2. q. 1. p. 309. Scalig. exer. 18. Form admitteth not of intention and remission Axi. But Heat and Cold are intended and remitted in the Elements Ergo these qualities are not formally in the Elements Absurdiâ—â— following upon admitting the first qualities to be formally or essentially in the Elements Alteration in Heaven by experience exemplified as well as by Reason confirmed Lib. 1. ca 10. By reason of the immense distance of Heaven the alterations there not sensible The second Reason shewing that the admitting of the Stars to produce the first qualities doth not necessarily induce alteration in themselvs The third Reason granting the heavenly Bodies to be actually hot or cold yet without mutual action or Passion by reason of the Preogative of the matter The first Reason drawn from the sympathy of these inferior thingâ— with the Parts of Heaven The second Reason borrowed from Valesius de sacra Philosophia The third Reason from the definition of a Star according to Aristotle Li. Almagesti Li. de Nova Stellâ— ca. 10. Lerius ca. 4 Lib. 2. de Nat. Novi orbis ca. 3. pag. 85. in editione Collon Agrip. p. 68. Our sharpâ—st Winters by Saturns Position when he is in Perigaeo Excentrici Epicycli viz. in the end of II confirmed by demonstration experience Li. 1. Prop. 17. Ann. 1441. a sharp Winter Ann. 1591. the like A direct Planet longer above the Horizon then a retrograde which is the reason why Retrogradation is reputed a Debility in respect of it self Application by Retrogradation violent In what respect a Planet shal double and treble his efficacy beyond that which a direct Planet câ—n The Reason why Parallolism is so effectual Paralelism why most effectual neerest the Tropicks The fixed stars cause no new alteration and why In what cases the fixed Stars do cause alterations How the nature and virtue of the fixed Stars is found The Ancients in their predictions much guided by the rising and setting of the Stars Com. in Arat. Which is the True Ptolomy de syderum inerraâ—t significationibus Li. 2. ca. 12 The apparent risings settings of the fixed Stars necessary to the particular Intensions Remissions of the Weather The ancient Astronomers only regarded the apparent risings settings The Error of our Prognosticators The Reason why the same day is not alike in several Horizons The Reason why the apparent risings and settings are most regarded Borrowed light the reason why the effects of Emersions and Occultations are for the most part moist The reason why Ptolomy regardath not the apparent risings settings of all the Stars How many fixed Stars Ptolomy regarded and why I fall short of Ptolomy In what respects the precedent rules of intension and romission come neerer the nature of Matter then this now to be handled The Configurations of the Stars savour nothing of Matter but only of Form and therefore to be preferred before all other Causes Li. 5. Pro. 22. Nature hath as it were first alured us to observe the Aspects by special tokens or secret marks in the Motions Li. 2. ca. 17. The Reason why the year 1588. was reputed so fatal The aspects confirmed by their effects The Signs whereof the Aspects consist the only aliquate parts of a Circle The Subtenses of the Aspect proportionable to the diameter of the World Li. 1. ca. 12. lege Cardane Comentar The Subtenses of those Arks which are proper to the aspects joyned together only take upcircumference of the Zodiack The Angles of the Aspects viz. the â–³ â–¡ âš¹ the same wherewith the aforesaid ordinate plains ocupy place about a Point and therefore do proportionably also take up the Center of the World The first Reason why these few Configurations are more effectual then others which be infinite being drawn from the harmonical proportion Ptolomy in Catoptricis How the Proportions which the aforesaid Irradiations retain in respect of themselves answer the Concords in Musick Diapente Diatessaron Diapason the 3 perfect Concords Diapente Diatessaron are parts of a Diapason Diapason severally compared with each of his parts makes up the 2 other compounded or imperfect Concords viz. Diapason cum Diapente a Triple Diapason cum Diatessaron a Quadruple or Bis Diapason The Angles which the Aspects do make at the Earth are proved proportionable to the Concords in Musick The first Figure proveth the 3 Concords to have 3 perfect Aspects The second sheweth the âš¹ to be an imperfect Aspect agreeable to Diapente cum Diapason that is a triple proportion as 60. is to 80. B flat why after a sort a perfect Concord so by the same Reason why a âš¹ may be admitted a perfect Aspect New Aspects after handled Keplers Reason why the foresaid harmonical proportions are so effectual drawnfrom the Symmetry of the World being the same that is found between the 5 Regular Bodies inscribed one within another Why Keplers opinion fully leaveth me unsatisfied A second Reason why these Aspects are so effectual and first of the ☌ ☠whose virtue proceedeth chiefly from Union of Beams In what case the Union of two Stars in ☌ and ☠is hindered The ☌ of Venus and Mercury not so effectual in Apogaeo Epicycli as in Perigaeo Union by Reflection between the âš¹ and â–³ demonstrated and the familiarity of these points of Heaven mentioned by Prolomy declared The Reason of the efficacy of the â–¡ not depending upon Reflection or Union The third Reason why these aforesaid trradiations are of such virtue proved to depend upon their proportionable taking up of the Center of the World by their Angles whereby they must needs shine upon all Elementary matter with a due and even mixture of light influence The Reason why any 2 Stars in Configuration shall take up all elementary matter at the Center with proportionable Angles made by their Beams incident reflected or opposite Three new Aspects viz. the Quintile Biquintile Sesquiquadrate added by Kepler and the Reason which drew him to this Observation so making 8 Aspects in all answerable to so many divisions of a Monochord