expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a mass_n experience_n itself_o will_v warrant_v yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o this_o operation_n be_v measure_v and_o square_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whereinto_o it_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o example_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o moon_n more_o operative_a and_o predominant_a in_o moist_a body_n then_o in_o other_o partake_v less_o of_o this_o quality_n likewise_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n more_o fervent_a where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o country_n be_v find_v hot_a than_o another_o although_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o howsoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o uniform_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o yet_o must_v the_o same_o be_v measure_v and_o limit_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n into_o which_o it_o be_v impress_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v in_o they_o a_o twofold_a nature_n the_o one_o material_a as_o partake_v of_o the_o element_n whereof_o every_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v the_o other_o spiritual_a as_o that_o of_o the_o soul_n the_o former_a we_o can_v exempt_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o much_o as_o every_o physician_n can_v tell_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n and_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v stir_v by_o celestial_a influence_n especial_o by_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o who_o change_n our_o body_n daily_o undergo_v a_o alteration_n for_o the_o humane_a soul_n how_o far_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o star_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o may_v we_o in_o some_o sort_n clear_v the_o doubt_n by_o this_o one_o distinction_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o operation_n upon_o the_o soul_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o immediate_o by_o itself_o second_o mediate_o by_o the_o humour_n and_o corporeal_a organ_n whereof_o the_o soul_n operation_n depend_v the_o first_o we_o absolute_o deny_v for_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o a_o material_a agent_n as_o philosopher_n affirm_v for_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o absurdity_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v mere_o on_o material_a and_o corporeal_a organ_n the_o elementary_a matter_n whereof_o these_o organ_n consist_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o any_o other_o elementary_a matter_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o heaven_n in_o some_o sort_n to_o govern_v man_n mind_n and_o disposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o bodily_a instrument_n but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o infer_v a_o necessity_n another_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o inclination_n the_o former_a we_o can_v absolute_o aver_v for_o as_o much_o as_o man_n will_n which_o be_v the_o commandress_n of_o his_o action_n be_v absolute_o free_a not_o subject_a to_o any_o natural_a necessity_n or_o external_a coaction_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v a_o certain_a inclination_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v too_o much_o indulgent_a unto_o the_o body_n by_o who_o motion_n it_o be_v rather_o persuade_v then_o command_v the_o three_o point_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v to_o show_v how_o many_o way_n the_o heaven_n by_o their_o operation_n can_v affect_v and_o dispose_v a_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o variable_a or_o inuariable_a the_o variable_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o season_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o heat_n produce_v summer_n or_o winter_n spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o operation_n depend_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n wherein_o he_o come_v sometime_o near_o unto_o we_o sometime_o go_v fâ—rther_o from_o our_o vertical_a point_n the_o inuariable_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o same_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n put_v aside_o other_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n for_o how_o soever_o every_o region_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o four_o change_n to_o wit_n summer_n winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n yet_o may_v the_o same_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n one_o year_n as_o it_o do_v another_o without_o any_o great_a alteration_n and_o this_o depend_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n near_o or_o far_o of_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o extraordinary_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n depend_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a combination_n or_o concourse_n of_o planet_n particular_o affect_v some_o special_a place_n whence_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v probable_o show_v why_o some_o place_n shall_v some_o â—eeres_n prove_v extraordinary_a fruitful_a other_o time_n degenerate_a again_o to_o barrenness_n or_o why_o it_o shall_v sometime_o be_v molest_v with_o too_o much_o drought_n and_o other_o time_n with_o too_o much_o moisture_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o other_o consideration_n as_o more_o appertain_v to_o a_o astrologer_n than_o a_o geographer_n we_o will_v here_o only_o fasten_v on_o the_o inuariable_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o earthly_a place_n and_o search_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v vary_v in_o their_o temper_n &_o quality_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n take_v only_a notice_n of_o the_o diurnal_a and_o ordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n herein_o shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a variety_n not_o only_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
his_o elementary_a constitution_n this_o reason_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o solid_a answer_n for_o howsoever_o in_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o some_o part_n will_v make_v but_o a_o insensible_a difference_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o least_o weight_n whatsoever_o add_v or_o subtract_v will_v turn_v it_o from_o its_o equall-poyze_a nevertheless_o this_o i_o hold_v too_o absurd_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o believe_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o holy_a scripture_n 104._o which_o aver_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o settle_v on_o her_o foundation_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v remove_v or_o shake_v which_o motion_n as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o theorem_a i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o trepidation_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o a_o metaphor_n be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n as_o some_o have_v labour_v to_o wrest_v it_o wherefore_o nothing_o be_v here_o leave_v we_o to_o satisfy_v this_o doubt_n but_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o his_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n endow_v with_o a_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o overswaying_a the_o elementary_a ponderosity_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n be_v as_o it_o be_v so_o fast_o bind_v to_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o centre_n can_v no_o way_n be_v shake_v or_o move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a revolution_n be_v a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la make_v 3_o kind_n of_o simple_a motion_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o deduce_v the_o number_n of_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o be_v the_o motion_n from_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o fire_n and_o air_n and_o all_o light_a body_n the_o second_o to_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o three_o be_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o if_o this_o ground_n be_v true_a the_o earth_n can_v challenge_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o than_o the_o right_a motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a return_v to_o it_o again_o but_o this_o opinion_n although_o popular_a and_o plausible_a have_v be_v contradict_v as_o well_o by_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o modern_a for_o by_o long_a experience_n and_o diligent_a observation_n they_o have_v find_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o star-like_a vigour_n whereby_o she_o may_v have_v all_o her_o part_n unite_v together_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o gravity_n unto_o the_o centre_n and_o her_o place_n make_v sure_a by_o her_o magnetical_a pole_n move_v natural_o upon_o her_o own_o pole_n at_o least_o if_o so_o be_v she_o claim_v no_o other_o motion_n this_o opinion_n first_o blosome_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v in_o the_o school_n of_o pythagoras_n be_v cherish_v by_o heraclides_fw-la ponticus_n and_o ecphantus_n two_o famous_a pythagorean_n to_o which_o afterward_o join_v themselves_o nicetus_n syracusanus_fw-la and_o aristarchus_n samius_n all_o which_o have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o earth_n move_v circular_o and_o that_o this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o earth_n cause_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n as_o well_o as_o of_o other_o star_n although_o in_o the_o manner_n they_o have_v not_o express_v themselves_o alike_o have_v enjoy_v as_o yet_o scarce_o the_o first_o dawn_n of_o knowledge_n but_o all_o this_o while_n philosophy_n content_v herself_o with_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o a_o few_o choice_a friend_n not_o dare_v to_o prostitute_v her_o treasure_n to_o popularity_n but_o when_o it_o happen_v in_o after_o time_n that_o she_o be_v teach_v the_o language_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o speak_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o each_o mechanic_n she_o soon_o contract_v some_o stain_n and_o square_v herself_o rather_o to_o please_v the_o most_o than_o the_o best_a thus_o the_o multitude_n as_o a_o vast_a torrent_n prevail_v against_o the_o learned_a and_o cast_v into_o exile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o their_o ignorance_n be_v ready_a to_o censure_v then_o understand_v yet_o be_v not_o the_o seed_n of_o this_o philosophy_n quite_o extinct_a but_o as_o forget_v for_o a_o time_n until_o there_o arise_v copernicus_n a_o man_n of_o incomparable_a wit_n who_o quicken_v and_o reviue_v it_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n and_o our_o profit_n i_o will_v not_o here_o be_v mistake_v as_o though_o i_o strong_o apprehend_v these_o ground_n and_o reject_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n i_o only_o inveigh_v against_o their_o prejudicate_a ignorance_n which_o ready_a to_o lick_v up_o the_o dust_n under_o aristotle_n foot_n with_o a_o supercilious_a look_n contemn_v all_o other_o learning_n as_o though_o no_o flower_n of_o science_n can_v grow_v in_o another_o garden_n i_o confess_v this_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o many_o and_o great_a exception_n and_o oppose_v by_o strong_a and_o weighty_a argument_n draw_v probable_o from_o the_o book_n of_o god_n the_o touchstone_n of_o sincere_a verity_n yet_o i_o hold_v it_o too_o strong_o fortify_v to_o be_v invade_v by_o popular_a argument_n draw_v from_o seem_a sense_n and_o bolster_v up_o with_o name_n and_o authority_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o confess_v not_o absolute_a subscription_n to_o this_o opinion_n yet_o can_v i_o not_o convenient_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o have_v undertake_v to_o insert_v this_o magnetical_a tract_n i_o will_v not_o willing_o mangle_v it_o in_o any_o part_n but_o show_v it_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o judicious_a who_o herein_o may_v use_v their_o philosophical_a liberty_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o they_o please_v if_o these_o ground_n seem_v true_a they_o will_v find_v acceptance_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v indamage_v truth_n to_o know_v her_o adversary_n wherefore_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v take_v it_o amiss_o that_o i_o insert_v this_o follow_a theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n copernicus_n ascribe_v three_o motion_n to_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n about_o her_o own_o axle_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o diurnal_a the_o second_o be_v yearly_a wherein_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n describe_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o sign_n the_o three_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o declination_n perform_v in_o a_o annual_a revolution_n reflect_v against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n for_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o convertible_a nature_n whereas_o if_o it_o shall_v remain_v fix_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o inequality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n spring_n autumn_n summer_n or_o winter_n i_o will_v not_o here_o curious_o distinguish_v the_o difference_n limit_n and_o period_n of_o these_o three_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o skilful_a astronomer_n to_o who_o proper_o it_o appertain_v it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o show_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o a_o circular_a motion_n in_o prosecution_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v labour_v chief_o to_o establish_v that_o first_o motion_n which_o be_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n about_o her_o own_o axis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o easy_a both_o to_o believe_v and_o understand_v that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o express_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o will_v labour_v to_o prove_v these_o two_o point_n 1_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n 2_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o former_a assertion_n we_o will_v again_o divide_v into_o 3_o article_n 1_o that_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o seek_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o earth_n can_v without_o much_o absurdity_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n second_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v to_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o three_o that_o the_o argument_n produce_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a but_o may_v be_v answer_v with_o probability_n first_o therefore_o find_v the_o daily_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n to_o arise_v from_o some_o motion_n we_o be_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o motion_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o that_o this_o subject_n must_v be_v the_o heaven_n which_o be_v carry_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o the_o
down_o for_o a_o axiom_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n yet_o be_v absolute_o understand_v without_o any_o limitation_n will_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n false_a for_o it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o new_a perspicil_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n simple_a in_o nature_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotelean_n have_v at_o least_o a_o double_a motion_n the_o one_o upon_o their_o own_o pole_n less_o than_o diurnal_a the_o other_o of_o their_o centre_n which_o be_v move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n upon_o other_o pole_n familiar_o know_v unto_o astronomer_n the_o peripatetic_n here_o seek_v a_o evasion_n by_o distinguish_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n into_o a_o proper_a or_o natural_a and_o accidental_a or_o mutuaticious_a but_o this_o answer_n come_v not_o home_n to_o this_o present_a question_n first_o because_o these_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n will_v easy_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o violence_n or_o restraint_n second_o because_o in_o this_o answer_n they_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o diverse_a orb_n section_n and_o conâ—amerations_n which_o late_a astronomer_n upon_o better_a experience_n have_v deride_v or_o at_o least_o omit_v as_o hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n rather_o than_o real_a or_o true_a ground_n if_o they_o will_v understand_v this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n shall_v challenge_v one_o simple_a motion_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o may_v perhaps_o obtain_v some_o credit_n but_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n join_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o circular_a motion_n also_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o a_o planet_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n itself_o about_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v diverse_a kind_n and_o therefore_o no_o way_n incompatible_a in_o the_o same_o subject_n moreover_o what_o infallible_a argument_n can_v persuade_v we_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o mere_a simple_a body_n such_o as_o aristotle_n describe_v unto_o we_o in_o his_o philosophy_n either_o this_o imaginary_a simplicity_n must_v be_v seek_v in_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o our_o mental_a abstraction_n the_o former_a they_o can_v aver_v because_o not_o only_o the_o element_n themselves_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v impure_a and_o corrupt_a but_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o consist_v of_o diverse_a mixture_n and_o heterogeneal_a body_n which_o apparent_o exclude_v such_o simplicity_n if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o rather_o to_o consist_v in_o the_o abstraction_n or_o separation_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o may_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v between_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o accidental_a nature_n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v although_o it_o seem_v â—ather_o ground_v on_o imaginary_a conjecture_n than_o experience_n that_o the_o earth_n of_o itself_o distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n shall_v have_v any_o such_o simple_a nature_n if_o we_o follow_v reason_n and_o experience_n as_o our_o guide_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n a_o twofold_a constitution_n the_o one_o elementary_a from_o the_o part_n whereof_o it_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o it_o can_v challenge_v any_o motion_n but_o the_o right_n which_o be_v of_o the_o part_n separate_v from_o the_o whole_a agree_v to_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o all_o other_o heavy_a body_n thereof_o consist_v the_o other_o magnetical_a wherein_o all_o other_o body_n be_v unite_v in_o one_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o sort_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v a_o homogeneal_a substance_n for_o howsoever_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v seem_v heterogeneal_a and_o diverse_a one_o from_o the_o other_o yet_o since_o in_o this_o magnetical_a nature_n there_o be_v a_o harmony_n and_o communion_n well_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o homogenity_n of_o the_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n as_o common_a philosopher_n common_o use_v the_o word_n so_o that_o every_o part_n or_o element_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v compound_v may_v claim_v his_o own_o motion_n and_o proper_o yet_o all_o conspire_v in_o one_o universal_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o spherical_a motion_n in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o circular_a motion_n grant_v unto_o the_o earth_n can_v no_o way_n oppose_v or_o endanger_v the_o natural_a site_n or_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o the_o situation_n or_o position_n be_v fear_v to_o be_v change_v it_o must_v needs_o happen_v one_o of_o these_o way_n either_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n or_o that_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v &_o distract_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o first_o can_v touch_v our_o assertion_n because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o affirm_v not_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v turn_v round_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n which_o hold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v censure_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v separate_v or_o disunit_a one_o from_o the_o other_o first_o because_o all_o the_o part_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o whole_a by_o their_o natural_a gravity_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n they_o shall_v be_v separate_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v back_o unto_o their_o own_o place_n second_o this_o motion_n be_v suppose_v natural_a &_o not_o violent_a which_o in_o so_o great_a and_o massy_a a_o body_n can_v make_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n last_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o mean_n can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o their_o place_n because_o by_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a verticity_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v the_o same_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n always_o natural_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v unto_o two_o firm_a pillar_n indissoluble_a hitherto_o have_v prove_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n without_o some_o absurdity_n and_o yet_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v or_o oppose_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n usual_o urge_v against_o this_o assertion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o sense_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o spherical_a motion_n say_v they_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o it_o can_v of_o we_o be_v perceive_v a_o argument_n worthy_a such_o philosopher_n as_o measure_v all_o rather_o by_o seem_a sense_n then_o demonstrative_a reason_n who_o can_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a that_o the_o ship_n wherein_o he_o be_v carry_v will_v seem_v to_o rest_n or_o at_o least_o to_o move_v slow_o and_o the_o cliff_n and_o shore_n to_o move_v unto_o the_o opposite_a part_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o be_v perceive_v then_o that_o of_o a_o ship_n the_o bulk_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v small_a and_o of_o no_o quantity_n the_o other_o be_v huge_a and_o massy_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n mere_o violent_a enforce_v by_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o earth_n natural_a and_o uniform_a stir_v up_o of_o his_o proper_a and_o natural_a inclination_n so_o that_o if_o any_o such_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perceive_v by_o sense_n second_o they_o urge_v against_o we_o that_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n there_o be_v the_o same_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n but_o every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o experience_n teach_v be_v move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a can_v have_v no_o other_o motion_n to_o this_o objection_n we_o have_v partly_o answer_v before_o yet_o to_o give_v further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v add_v something_o more_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n and_o sphere_n another_o of_o the_o several_a part_n and_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v if_o the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v understand_v we_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o no_o other_o motion_n but_o the_o circular_a which_o we_o here_o labour_v to_o establish_v
as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o the_o fix_a centre_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o he_o betwixt_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o seem_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o former_a opinion_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n entire_o take_v and_o understand_v stand_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o these_o our_o ground_n yet_o may_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o aught_o i_o yet_o know_v be_v well_o reconcile_v with_o their_o opinion_n which_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o circular_a revolution_n we_o give_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o star_n which_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o a_o turn_n of_o itself_o in_o its_o own_o place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axletree_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o motion_n therefore_o most_o call_v in_o question_n and_o most_o likely_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v the_o diurnal_a revolution_n perform_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n which_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v far_o swift_a than_o nature_n can_v well_o suffer_v wherefore_o with_o more_o probability_n may_v this_o motion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o heaven_n and_o give_v unto_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o without_o any_o absurdity_n at_o all_o may_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o heaven_n sith_o no_o repugnancy_n be_v find_v in_o nature_n but_o that_o every_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o motion_n and_o therefore_o copernicus_n may_v have_v grant_v the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n their_o several_a motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n which_o will_v have_v seem_v far_o more_o probable_a then_o to_o have_v endow_v the_o earth_n with_o a_o triplicity_n of_o motion_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o open_v i_o will_v set_v down_o their_o theorem_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o understand_v aright_o this_o proposition_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o centre_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o geometrical_o or_o optical_o in_o geometry_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o imaginary_a point_n conceive_v in_o a_o magnitude_n devoyde_a of_o all_o quantity_n yet_o bound_v and_o termine_v all_o magnitude_n optical_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n because_o to_o the_o fight_v it_o may_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o point_n in_o which_o last_o sense_n we_o may_v call_v the_o earth_n the_o centre_n for_o although_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a and_o massy_a substance_n yet_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o demonstrate_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n this_o greatness_n will_v vanish_v into_o nothing_o for_o if_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o the_o firmament_n shall_v behold_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o small_a point_n this_o be_v declare_v we_o will_v produce_v these_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n i_o say_v not_o of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n for_o some_o star_n be_v move_v upon_o their_o own_o centre_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a heavenly_a machine_n be_v collective_o take_v as_o one_o body_n the_o first_o argument_n be_v of_o aristotle_n take_v from_o the_o gravity_n or_o natural_a inclination_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v a_o heavy_a &_o massy_a body_n must_v needs_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n which_o be_v far_a off_o from_o the_o heaven_n but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n point_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o argument_n by_o other_o be_v more_o subtle_o urge_v in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o differ_v much_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o who_o knowledge_n notwithstanding_o be_v fortify_v with_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o invention_n of_o new_a instrument_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o those_o which_o distant_a so_o many_o age_n in_o time_n and_o use_v diverse_a &_o unlike_a instrument_n in_o their_o observation_n have_v differ_v in_o matter_n of_o so_o small_a moment_n chief_o in_o seek_v out_o the_o period_n of_o this_o long_a and_o slow_a motion_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o slowness_n since_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v to_o man_n have_v not_o run_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o his_o circle_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o error_n of_o their_o observation_n then_o multiply_v orb_n without_o a_o great_a cause_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a and_o almost_o insensible_a 2._o because_o we_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o our_o astronomical_a history_n what_o kind_n of_o instrument_n be_v then_o in_o use_n which_o to_o late_a astronomer_n have_v be_v think_v too_o rude_a and_o unfit_a to_o make_v such_o subtle_a observation_n last_o concern_v the_o site_n and_o position_n no_o less_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v out_o of_o our_o hypothesis_n than_o the_o common_a way_n for_o by_o place_v the_o five_o planet_n to_o run_v in_o their_o epicycle_n about_o the_o sun_n may_v we_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n wherein_o a_o ingenious_a mind_n in_o our_o common_a ground_n can_v hardly_o give_v himself_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n 3_o the_o stability_n be_v a_o affection_n whereby_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v firm_o settle_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n the_o stability_n or_o firmness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o here_o understand_v 1._o no_o way_n deny_v or_o contradict_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o be_v separate_v they_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n 2._o neither_o the_o circular_a revolution_n of_o it_o on_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axle_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v but_o either_o such_o a_o motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v sever_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a mass_n dissolve_v or_o whereby_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v move_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o their_o true_a verticity_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o respect_v always_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n which_o kind_n of_o stability_n from_o motion_n we_o will_v establish_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n of_o holy_a scripture_n from_o reason_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o be_v settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o will_v of_o necessity_n happen_v either_o by_o dissolution_n and_o separation_n of_o the_o part_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o by_o remove_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o their_o fix_a place_n or_o else_o by_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o the_o first_o can_v be_v admit_v because_o as_o we_o have_v before_o teach_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o inclination_n or_o ponderosity_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o by_o this_o coherency_n and_o conformity_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v ransom_v from_o any_o such_o mutability_n neither_o can_v the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v dissolve_v without_o a_o especial_a miracle_n and_o if_o so_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o part_n will_v return_v again_o and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o compose_v the_o same_o sphere_n likewise_o the_o second_o way_n the_o earth_n can_v loose_v her_o stability_n because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n the_o earth_n have_v she_o two_o pole_n magnetical_a make_v fast_o unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v firm_o to_o two_o great_a pillar_n never_o to_o be_v shake_v final_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n any_o wise_a because_o as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o chapter_n before_o without_o the_o disturbance_n and_o inversion_n of_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n the_o earth_n can_v have_v no_o other_o place_n then_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v allege_v as_o a_o argument_n that_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n challenge_v to_o itself_o a_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n can_v also_o have_v a_o circular_a or_o round_a motion_n and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a to_o satisfy_v for_o authority_n of_o scripture_n many_o place_n be_v urge_v to_o prove_v this_o stability_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o pregnant_a place_n in_o 104_o psalm_n wherein_o david_n magnify_v the_o creator_n say_v that_o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o sure_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v move_v at_o any_o time_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v many_o other_o text_n but_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o one_o sufficient_a in_o a_o matter_n which_o few_o man_n call_v in_o question_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o heavenly_a body_n 4_o the_o proportion_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o must_v here_o remember_v a_o distinction_n before_o touch_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o in_o itself_o or_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâ—condly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
earth_n which_o must_v move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o first_o we_o must_v take_v aâ—_n grant_v of_o those_o which_o defend_v the_o opposite_a opinion_n these_o two_o ground_n 1_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v a_o heavenly_a body_n be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o supreme_a sphere_n of_o all_o the_o celestial_a machine_n because_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v assign_v they_o their_o several_a motion_n 2_o that_o of_o two_o body_n circular_o move_v upon_o the_o same_o centre_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n that_o which_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n must_v needs_o have_v the_o swift_a motion_n as_o we_o see_v the_o spoke_n of_o a_o wheel_n to_o move_v fast_o near_o the_o circumference_n but_o slow_a in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o centre_n this_o grant_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a of_o the_o first_o and_o supreme_a orb_n to_o be_v so_o incomparable_o vast_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o according_a to_o this_o magnitude_n to_o be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o swiftness_n as_o must_v needs_o transcend_v all_o fiction_n and_o imagination_n for_o beside_o the_o two_o element_n place_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o celestial_a body_n to_o wit_n air_n and_o fire_n which_o challenge_v no_o mean_a distance_n betwixt_o their_o concave_n and_o convexe_a superficies_n who_o know_v not_o how_o many_o distinct_a and_o strange_a concameration_n of_o orb_n and_o circle_n be_v place_v and_o sign_v ouâ—_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o first_o movable_a aristotle_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o orb_n to_o eight_o whereof_o seven_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o seven_o planet_n but_o the_o eight_o to_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v fasten_v as_o so_o many_o nail_n in_o the_o same_o wheel_n but_o ptolemy_n perceive_v this_o number_n to_o be_v insufficient_a to_o satisfy_v his_o observation_n be_v enforce_v to_o add_v a_o nine_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n yet_o this_o content_v not_o alphonsus_n but_o he_o must_v make_v up_o ten_o and_o although_o this_o opinion_n prevail_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o school_n of_o philosopher_n as_o most_o exact_a and_o absolute_a yet_o come_v it_o far_o short_a to_o satisfy_v the_o search_n of_o two_o latter_a astronomer_n clavius_n and_o maginus_fw-la who_o to_o add_v something_o to_o antiquity_n have_v find_v out_o another_o orb_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a tale_n be_v become_v eleven_o and_o much_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o big-swollen_a belly_n of_o this_o learned_a ignorance_n will_v beget_v more_o child_n to_o help_v the_o mother_n because_o all_o the_o former_a have_v prove_v lame_a and_o impotent_a god_n send_v she_o a_o safe_a delivery_n to_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n all_o these_o orb_n thus_o range_v and_o concamerate_v in_o order_n can_v but_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a thickness_n and_o profundity_n be_v to_o carry_v in_o they_o such_o huge_a and_o vast_a body_n as_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o mighty_a globe_n for_o the_o most_o part_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n as_o philosopher_n have_v find_v out_o by_o diverse_a mathematical_a instrument_n and_o express_v in_o table_n also_o because_o among_o the_o planetary_a orb_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o cleave_v into_o many_o partial_a and_o lesser_a orb_n as_o epicycle_n and_o excentrickes_n the_o first_o of_o which_o must_v in_o reason_n surpass_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o planet_n the_o profundity_n of_o all_o these_o orb_n be_v measure_v by_o their_o diameter_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o surmount_v each_o other_o in_o extraordinary_a proportion_n for_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 1718_o german_a mile_n the_o great_a distance_n or_o elongation_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v new_a 65_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n the_o least_o be_v 55_o semidiameters_a the_o great_a elongation_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n be_v 68_o the_o least_o 52_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v yet_o of_o more_o thickness_n and_o profundity_n to_o pass_v over_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o come_v to_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v his_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n in_o his_o great_a excentricity_n to_o be_v 1142_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v yet_o far_o off_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o their_o orb_n endow_v with_o a_o great_a treasure_n of_o thickness_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o firmament_n wherein_o be_v place_v the_o fix_a star_n be_v by_o the_o best_a mathematician_n think_v incomprehensible_a and_o not_o measurable_a by_o man_n industry_n in_o so_o much_o that_o aristotle_n hold_v the_o earth_n no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o point_n if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o eight_o sphere_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o high_a and_o first_o movable_a to_o let_v pass_v the_o nine_o sphere_n the_o ten_o which_o be_v vulgar_o think_v the_o first_o movable_a if_o it_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v have_v his_o convexe_n superficies_n move_v so_o fast_o in_o one_o hour_n that_o it_o will_v overcome_v so_o much_o space_n as_o 3000_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o convexe_n superficies_n of_o the_o starry_a firmament_n it_o will_v contain_v more_o than_o 1800._o and_o who_o can_v be_v so_o sharp_o sight_v to_o see_v the_o profundity_n and_o thickness_n of_o this_o orb_n contain_v in_o it_o star_n innumerable_a whereof_o some_o be_v apparent_a to_o each_o man_n eye_n other_o lie_v hide_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n whereof_o many_o have_v late_o be_v discover_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n late_o find_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n that_o all_o these_o star_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o same_o orb_n or_o at_o least_o that_o this_o orb_n be_v far_o great_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o ordinary_a current_n of_o astronomer_n have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v to_o these_o eight_o orb_n here_o decipher_v shall_v we_o add_v the_o caelum_fw-la chrystallinum_n the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n the_o idol_n of_o our_o common_a astrologer_n and_o another_o which_o clavius_n and_o maginus_fw-la have_v invent_v what_o bind_v shall_v we_o set_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o swiftness_n of_o their_o motion_n how_o far_o beyond_o all_o rove_a imagination_n or_o poetical_a fiction_n shall_v it_o transcend_v as_o thatwhich_v neither_o nature_n can_v ever_o suffer_v or_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n understand_v a_o motion_n a_o thousand-fold_n swift_a than_o the_o flight_n of_o a_o bullet_n from_o a_o piece_n of_o ordinance_n i_o have_v almost_o say_v then_o think_v itself_o for_o if_o a_o man_n cast_v his_o imagination_n on_o some_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n parallel_n on_o theterrestriall_a globe_n and_o so_o instant_o transfer_v it_o to_o another_o and_o so_o to_o a_o three_o pass_v over_o at_o each_o time_n the_o distance_n of_o 100_o mile_n he_o will_v find_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v far_o swift_a in_o his_o motion_n and_o to_o have_v over-passed_n he_o incomparable_o in_o his_o course_n be_v the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o course_n no_o great_a than_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n he_o shall_v by_o their_o own_o computation_n finish_v his_o course_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o so_o run_v 21600_o mile_n in_o that_o time_n which_o make_v 900_o mile_n in_o one_o hour_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n seem_v so_o swift_a that_o it_o can_v hardly_o have_v credit_n among_o ordinary_a capacity_n what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o this_o motion_n which_o be_v imagine_v infinite_o swift_a if_o ptolemy_n fear_v lest_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o far_o slow_a motion_n of_o what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v make_v which_o can_v suffer_v so_o portentous_a and_o incogitable_a a_o whirl_n here_o the_o common_a philosopher_n stand_v astonish_v and_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o know_v nothing_o he_o will_v say_v any_o thing_n why_o say_v he_o shall_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o since_o the_o heaven_n in_o their_o motion_n find_v no_o resistance_n whereas_o all_o other_o body_n be_v slack_v by_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n by_o which_o they_o be_v to_o move_v if_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v any_o such_o let_v or_o hindrance_n it_o will_v be_v either_o in_o the_o agent_n or_o mover_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n or_o body_n move_v not_o in_o the_o mover_n because_o as_o aristotle_n
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
the_o magnet_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o the_o astronomical_a for_o as_o much_o as_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v find_v wherein_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n admit_v not_o a_o variation_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n nevertheless_o this_o way_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v see_v at_o least_o in_o such_o place_n and_o manner_n as_o may_v favour_v exactness_n of_o observation_n hence_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o particular_n what_o we_o observe_v before_o in_o general_a in_o our_o magnetical_a treatise_n that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v not_o mere_a imaginary_a fiction_n or_o bare_a respect_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o application_n of_o celestial_a body_n as_o some_o have_v think_v they_o but_o ground_v on_o the_o magnetical_a disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 8_o beside_o the_o astronomical_a and_o magnetical_a invention_n of_o the_o meridian_n there_o be_v another_o way_n more_o popular_a but_o less_o exact_a which_o be_v without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o magnet_n operation_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o meridian_n circle_n the_o true_a and_o exact_a knowledge_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v indebt_v to_o heavenly_a observation_n or_o magnetical_a experiment_n nevertheless_o nature_n be_v not_o so_o barren_a but_o she_o have_v point_v out_o to_o a_o industrious_a observation_n some_o mark_n and_o footstep_n in_o other_o inferior_a body_n for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o this_o profitable_a circle_n which_o way_n howsoever_o of_o less_o account_n than_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o of_o less_o use_n be_v notwithstanding_o pleasant_a to_o understand_v because_o nothing_o delight_v more_o an_o ingenious_a mind_n than_o the_o contemplation_n of_o god_n work_v in_o and_o by_o his_o creature_n which_o man_n usual_o term_v nature_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a search_n into_o all_o planet_n stone_n metal_n and_o other_o such_o body_n be_v to_o go_v too_o far_o out_o of_o my_o way_n without_o a_o guide_n i_o will_v give_v one_o only_a instance_n of_o tree_n whereof_o i_o will_v insert_v this_o problem_n 1_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n to_o perform_v this_o problem_n let_v there_o be_v choose_v out_o some_o tree_n in_o a_o open_a free_a field_n far_o from_o wall_n or_o other_o obstacle_n in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o it_o have_v be_v on_o either_o side_n free_o enlighten_v and_o heat_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n let_v the_o trunk_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o right_a and_o sound_a let_v this_o trunk_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o section_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o underpart_n of_o the_o trunk_n be_v leave_v to_o stand_v in_o his_o former_a natural_a situation_n now_o the_o section_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v well_o plain_v will_v as_o in_o a_o plain_a discover_v diverse_a circle_n which_o be_v excentricke_a and_o not_o draw_v from_o the_o same_o centre_n but_o on_o the_o one_o side_n near_o together_o on_o the_o other_o further_o off_o that_o part_n than_o which_o show_v the_o circle_n thick_a and_o near_a together_o points_z out_o the_o north_n the_o other_o wherein_o the_o circle_n be_v wide_a and_o further_o off_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o design_v out_o the_o south-point_n betwixt_o both_o which_o if_o a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v it_o will_v be_v the_o meridian_n for_o that_o place_n which_o experiment_n blanâ—anus_n as_o he_o write_v try_v in_o a_o plum-tree_n but_o give_v no_o reason_n for_o it_o the_o cause_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o extension_n and_o diffusion_n of_o the_o sap_n or_o moisture_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v more_o on_o the_o southside_n than_o the_o north-side_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o clime_n respect_v we_o on_o the_o south_n never_o on_o the_o north._n hence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o excrescence_n of_o the_o moisture_n be_v more_o rarify_v on_o the_o southside_n and_o therefore_o require_v a_o great_a place_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a 9_o have_v show_v the_o invention_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o these_o meridian_n circle_n a_o meridian_n therefore_o be_v term_v either_o first_o or_o common_a the_o distinction_n of_o meridian_n into_o first_o and_o common_a have_v no_o footstep_n in_o nature_n but_o be_v a_o mere_a arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o ancient_a cosmographer_n for_o no_o reason_n beside_o conveniency_n can_v be_v show_v why_o one_o meridian_n shall_v be_v call_v first_o rather_o than_o another_o yet_o can_v this_o distinction_n be_v want_v to_o a_o geographer_n for_o as_o much_o as_o some_o settle_a bound_n must_v be_v set_v from_o which_o to_o begin_v our_o account_n of_o longitude_n 10_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v that_o from_o which_o we_o begin_v to_o number_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o west_n to_o the_o east_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v call_v common_a or_o less_o notable_a the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n among_o who_o ptolemy_n be_v the_o chief_a have_v set_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o fortunate_a land_n from_o whence_o they_o begin_v their_o account_n pass_v eastward_o through_o europe_n and_o africa_n and_o so_o through_o asia_n to_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o india_n until_o they_o return_v again_o to_o the_o first_o meridian_n pass_v through_o the_o fortunate_a land_n some_o have_v doubt_v whether_o these_o land_n call_v by_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o canary_n because_o as_o our_o countryman_n mr_n hues_n have_v observe_v the_o latitude_n give_v by_o ptolemy_n to_o the_o fortunate_a land_n agree_v not_o exact_o to_o the_o canary_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o land_n of_o cape-verde_a notwithstanding_o this_o observation_n i_o rather_o stick_v to_o the_o common_a opinion_n think_v it_o no_o unlike_a matter_n that_o ptolemy_n dwell_v far_o eastward_o and_o trust_v to_o other_o man_n observation_n shall_v err_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o matter_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v place_v here_o rather_o than_o elsewhere_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v because_o the_o ancient_n suppose_a two_o magnetical_a pole_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n now_o because_o in_o the_o canary_n land_n be_v find_v no_o variation_n at_o all_o they_o think_v it_o to_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o magnetical_a and_o the_o true_a meridian_n shall_v concur_v as_o wherein_o be_v both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o make_v they_o to_o make_v it_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o this_o reason_n i_o take_v to_o be_v unlikely_a because_o as_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o latter_a writer_n in_o the_o canary_n land_n themselves_o there_o be_v find_v a_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n although_o very_o little_a the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v because_o it_o be_v the_o midst_n betwixt_o two_o great_a continent_n to_o wit_n the_o one_o of_o europe_n and_o africa_n the_o other_o of_o america_n who_o magnetical_a temper_n be_v almost_o equal_a will_v not_o suffer_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n to_o move_v more_o one_o way_n then_o another_o moreover_o i_o be_o certain_o persuade_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v that_o this_o place_n of_o the_o first_o meridian_n be_v appoint_v here_o before_o any_o certainty_n be_v know_v of_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n therefore_o be_v that_o ptolemy_n here_o place_v the_o first_o meridian_n because_o it_o be_v the_o uttermost_a verge_n of_o land_n towards_o the_o west_n then_o discover_v never_o dream_v of_o a_o western_a world_n afterward_o detect_v and_o bring_v to_o light_v by_o christopher_n calumbus_fw-la and_o americus_n vesputius_n some_o of_o the_o latter_a geographer_n strive_v to_o be_v more_o exact_a have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o their_o map_n out_o of_o the_o canary_n in_o the_o land_n of_o the_o azore_n call_v s._n michael_n island_n so_o that_o the_o first_o meridian_n of_o ptolemy_n differ_v from_o the_o place_n of_o these_o latter_a cosmographer_n about_o 9_o degree_n which_o be_v diligent_o to_o be_v note_v of_o such_o as_o begin_v the_o science_n because_o this_o variety_n not_o perceive_v will_v breed_v great_a error_n and_o confusion_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o first_o of_o ptolemy_n out_o of_o use_n but_o retain_v of_o many_o good_a geographer_n every_o other_o meridian_n in_o respect_n of_o this_o may_v be_v call_v common_a or_o less_o notable_a because_o this_o be_v most_o remarkable_a
the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o heat_n cold_a drought_n and_o moisture_n whereon_o depend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o disposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o of_o man_n body_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o ordinary_o borrow_v his_o fruitfulness_n or_o barrenness_n of_o these_o first_o quality_n and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o vital_a organ_n which_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o affect_v with_o they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o philosopher_n have_v undertake_v to_o define_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n wit_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n out_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o these_o four_o accident_n and_o what_o physician_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o quality_n and_o their_o mixture_n to_o challenge_v a_o extraordinary_a pre-eminence_n in_o the_o disposition_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n who_o mixture_n be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o health_n or_o sickness_n the_o second_o mean_n whereby_o the_o heaven_n may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o temper_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o some_o particular_a star_n and_o constellation_n incident_a to_o particular_a place_n for_o it_o be_v blockish_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o various_a star_n of_o diverse_a colour_n and_o magnitude_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o the_o firmament_n to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o world_n and_o distinguish_v the_o time_n since_o the_o ordinary_a physician_n can_v easy_o discover_v the_o moon_n influence_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o astrologer_n will_v warrant_v much_o more_o by_o their_o observation_n as_o assign_v to_o each_o particular_a aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o particular_a and_o special_a influence_n and_o operation_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v point_v out_o and_o design_n all_o place_n alike_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o beam_n wherein_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v somewhere_o perpendicular_o other_o where_o oblique_o dart_v and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o neither_o all_o place_n can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n nor_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o proportion_n yet_o we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n have_v any_o power_n to_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n for_o the_o star_n work_v not_o immediate_o on_o the_o intellectual_a part_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n but_o mediate_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o temperament_n and_o material_a organ_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v especial_o speak_v hereafter_o where_o god_n will_v shall_v be_v open_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o celestial_a operation_n by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o the_o heaven_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v a_o diversity_n in_o place_n and_o nation_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o imbred_a quality_n figure_n and_o site_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o for_o that_o there_o be_v another_o cause_n of_o diversity_n beside_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n may_v easy_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o place_n situate_v under_o the_o same_o latitude_n partake_v of_o a_o diverse_a and_o opposite_a temper_n and_o disposition_n as_o the_o middle_n of_o spain_n about_o toledo_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o southermost_a bind_v of_o virginia_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v temperate_a betwixt_o both_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v under_o the_o selfsame_o latitude_n or_o very_o near_o without_o any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o difference_n also_o we_o sometime_o find_v place_n more_o southward_o towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o partake_v more_o of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o northern_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v without_o question_n cold_a than_o england_n although_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a likewise_o aluares_n report_v that_o he_o see_v ice_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyssine_n country_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n and_o martin_n frobisher_n relate_v that_o he_o find_v the_o air_n about_o friezland_n more_o cold_a &_o stormy_a about_o 61_o degree_n then_o in_o other_o place_n near_o 70_o degree_n wherefore_o we_o must_v needs_o ascribe_v some_o effect_n and_o operation_n to_o the_o soil_n itself_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v diverse_o vary_v with_o wood_n rivers_n marsh_n rock_n mountain_n valley_n plain_n whence_o a_o double_a variety_n arise_v first_o of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v diverse_o project_v according_a to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o place_n second_o of_o meteor_n and_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n both_o which_o concur_v must_v needs_o cause_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o man_n disposition_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n athenis_fw-la tenâ—e_fw-la coelum_fw-la thebis_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o that_o bitter_a taunt_n of_o the_o poet_n on_o boeotian_n boeotum_fw-la in_o crasso_fw-la iurares_fw-la aëre_fw-la natum_fw-la for_o ordinary_a experience_n will_v often_o show_v that_o a_o thin_a and_o sharp_a air_n usual_o produce_v the_o best_a wit_n as_o contrariwise_o gross_a and_o thick_a vapour_n draw_v from_o muddy_a and_o marish_a ground_n thicken_v and_o stupefy_v the_o spirit_n and_o produce_v man_n common_o of_o blockish_a and_o hoggish_a disposition_n and_o nature_n unapt_a for_o learning_n and_o unfit_a for_o civil_a conversation_n second_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o special_a country_n certain_a specifical_a quality_n which_o produce_v a_o certain_a sympathy_n or_o antipathy_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o plant_n and_o herb_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n spring_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o country_n be_v find_v to_o pine_v &_o wither_v in_o other_o some_o beast_n and_o serpent_n be_v in_o some_o place_n seldom_o know_v to_o breed_v or_o live_v wherewith_o notwithstanding_o other_o region_n swarm_v in_o abundance_n as_o for_o example_n ireland_n wherein_o no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a worm_n have_v be_v know_v to_o live_v whereby_o africa_n and_o many_o other_o country_n find_v no_o small_a molestation_n neither_o be_v this_o variety_n only_o show_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o variation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n whereof_o we_o may_v produce_v infinite_a example_n for_o who_o know_v not_o which_o be_v a_o physician_n that_o many_o simple_n apt_a for_o medicine_n grow_v in_o our_o land_n come_v far_o short_a in_o virtue_n of_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o other_o country_n i_o need_v among_o many_o ordinary_a instance_n give_v no_o other_o than_o in_o our_o rhubarb_n and_o tobacco_n whereof_o the_o former_a grow_v in_o our_o country_n except_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v of_o no_o use_n with_o our_o physician_n the_o other_o as_o much_o scorn_v of_o our_o ordinary_a tobacconist_n yet_o both_o general_o derive_v from_o the_o true_a mother_n the_o indies_n in_o great_a use_n and_o request_n but_o of_o this_o last_o instance_n be_v most_o common_a and_o yet_o for_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n most_o admirable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a might_n in_o some_o sort_n be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o heaven_n or_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o some_o special_a propriety_n have_v discover_v themselves_o which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o owe_v their_o cause_n to_o either_o but_o to_o some_o three_o original_a which_o the_o physician_n in_o their_o simple_n more_o proper_o term_n virtus_fw-la specifica_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v demand_v why_o country_n far_o from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v find_v hot_a than_o some_o which_o be_v near_a why_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n grape_n transport_v from_o germany_n into_o spain_n shall_v yield_v we_o the_o sherry_n sack_n every_o ordinary_a philosopher_n which_o have_v travel_v little_a beyond_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a to_o hammer_v out_o a_o cause_n as_o ascribe_v the_o former_a to_o the_o height_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o spain_n above_o that_o of_o germany_n but_o shall_v we_o far_o demand_v 1_o why_o ireland_n with_o some_o other_o region_n endure_v no_o venomous_a thing_n 2_o why_o wheat_n in_o s._n thomas_n island_n shall_v shut_v up_o all_o into_o the_o blade_n and_o never_o bear_v grain_n 3_o why_o in_o the_o same_o island_n no_o fruit_n which_o have_v any_o stone_n in_o
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o part_n for_o the_o unfold_n of_o which_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particularity_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o one_o general_a theorem_a 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n this_o proposition_n need_v no_o proof_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o ordinary_a experience_n for_o who_o find_v not_o betwixt_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n a_o manifest_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moisture_n and_o drought_n with_o other_o quality_n thereon_o depend_v as_o well_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n only_o three_o point_n will_v here_o require_v a_o exposition_n first_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o instrument_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o the_o earth_n second_o how_o far_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o the_o earth_n may_v extend_v and_o what_o limit_n it_o may_v suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o affect_v the_o sea_n as_o his_o proper_a province_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v most_o observe_v of_o sea_n man_n and_o mariner_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n some_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a which_o in_o all_o place_n interchangeable_o supply_v their_o turn_n keep_v no_o certainty_n or_o regularity_n in_o time_n or_o place_n other_o be_v call_v set_v or_o stand_a wind_n because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n of_o both_o which_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v our_o purpose_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n these_o wind_n be_v by_o some_o call_v anniversary_n because_o they_o blow_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n of_o these_o there_o