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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	ancient_n	world_n	zone_n	14	3	11.9329	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10231	Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present Contayning a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... The fourth edition, much enlarged with additions, and illustrated with mappes through the whole worke; and three whole treatises annexed, one of Russia and other northeasterne regions by Sr. Ierome Horsey; the second of the Gulfe of Bengala by Master William Methold; the third of the Saracenicall empire, translated out of Arabike by T. Erpenius. By Samuel Purchas, parson of St. Martins by Ludgate, London.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.; Makīn, Jirjis ibn al-ʻAmīd, 1205-1273. Taŕikh al-Muslimin. English.; Methold, William, 1590-1653.; Horsey, Jerome, Sir, d. 1626.	1626 (1626)	STC 20508.5; ESTC S111832	2,067,390	1,140

Kingdome Kings and City of Marocco ibid. § II. Of the Kings of the Seriffian Family p. 695 § III. Of the ciuill Wars in Barbary and of some other parts of that Kingdome pag. 697 CHAP. XII OF the Arabians populations and depopulations in Afrike and of the Naturall Africans and of the beginnings and proceedings of the Mahumetan Superstition in Africa of the Portugals Forces and Exploits therein pag. 701 CHAP. XIII OF Biledulgerid and Sarra otherwise called Numidia and Libya pag. 706 CHAP. XIIII OF the Land of Negros pag. 709 § I. Of the Riuer Niger Gualata Senaga and Guinea ibid. § II. Obseruations of those parts out of Cadamosta and other ancient Nauigators pag. 712 § III. Other obseruations of later Times by Engglishmen and others pag. 715 § IIII. Of the Marriages Manners Religion Funerals Gouernment and other Rites of the Guineans collected out of a late Dutch Authour pag. 717 § V. Obseruations of the Coast and Inland Countries out of Barrerius and Leo and of the cause of the Negroes blacknesse pag. 721 THE SEVENTH BOOKE Of Aethiopia and the African Ilands and of their RELIGIONS CHAP. I. OF Aethiopia Superior and the Antiquities thereof pag. 725 § I. Of the name and diuision of Aethiopia ibid. § II. Of the Nations neere the falls of Nilus and of Meroe pag. 727 CHAP. II. A Continuation of the Aethiopian Antiquities and of the Queene of Saba p. 730 CHAP. III. OF Presbyter Iohn and of the Priest-Iohns in Asia whether that descended of these pag. 734 CHAP. IIII. RElations of the Aethiopian Empire collected out of Aluares Bermudesius and other Authors pag 738 CHAP. V. RElations of Aethiopian rarities collected out of Frier Luys a Spanish Authour pag. 743 § I. Of the Hill Amara ibid. § II. His liberall reports of the Library and incredible Treasures therein pag. 744 § III. Of the Princes of the bloud there kept and of the Election of the Emperour pag. 745 § IIII. Of their Schooles and Cities pag. 747 CHAP. VI. RElations of Aethiopia by Godignus and other Authors lately published seeming more credible pag. 749 § I. The seuerall Countries of Abassia their Scituation Inhabitants Riuers and Lakes ibid. § II. Of the Soile Fruits Creatures Seasons and Climate pag. 750 § III. Of their Customes in Priuate Life and Publike Gouernment and their late Miseries pag. 751 § IIII. Of the Sabaeans and their Queene which visited Salomon pag. 753 CHAP. VII OF other Countries betweene the Red Sea and Benomotapa pag. 754 § I. Of Adel Adea Zanzibar Melinde ibid. § II. The Portugals Exploits in Mombaza and of the Imbij pag. 755 § III. Of Quiloa Sofala and Ophir pag. 756 § IIII. Of Monoemugi the Moores Baduines Caphars in these parts pag. 757 CHAP. VIII OF Benomotapa and the parts adioyning pag. 759 § I. Of the Empire of Monomotapa ibid. § II. Of Caphraria the Cape of Good Hope and Soldania pag. 761 CHAP. IX OF the Kingdome of Congo and the other Kingdoms and Nations adioyning p. 765 § I. Of Angola ibid. § II. Of Congo pag. 766 § III. Of their Heathenish Rites also of their strange Trees and of the I le Loanda pag. 768 CHAP. X. OF Loango the Anzichi Giachi and the great Lakes in those parts of the World pag. 770 § I. Of Loango ibid. § II. Of the Anzigues pag. 772 § III. Of the Giacchi or Iagges ibid. § IIII. Of the Lakes and Riuers in these parts of Africa pag. 773 CHAP. XI OF the Seas and Ilands about Africa the ancient and moderne obseruations Nauigations and Discoueries pag. 775 § I. Of the Red Sea and why it is so called ibid. § II. Of the chiefe Townes and Ilands in the Red Sea pag. 777 § III. Of Socotora Madagascar and other Ilands on the Easterne Coast of Africa pag. 778 CHAP. XII OF the Ilands of Africa from the Cape hitherwards pag. 781 § I. Of Saint Helena Thomee Cape de Verd and diuers others betwixt them and of the Weeds and Calmes of those Seas ibid. § II. Of the Canaries Madera and Porto Santo pag. 783 § III. Extracts taken out of the obseruations of the Right Worshipfull Sir Edmund Scory Knight of the Pike of Tenariffe and other Rarities which he obserued there pag. 784 § IIII. Of Malta and the Nauigations about Africa pag. 788 AMERICA THE EIGHTH BOOKE Of New France Virginia Florida New Spaine with other Regions of America Mexicana and of their Religions CHAP. I. OF the New World and why it is named America and the West Indies with certaine generall Discourses of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth in those parts pag. 791 § I. Of the names giuen to this part of the World and diuers opinions of the Ancients concerning the Torrid Zone ibid. § II. Of the nature of Metals in generall of Gold Siluer Quicksiluer and the plentie and Mines thereof in America pag. 795 CHAP. II. OF the first Knowledge Habitation and Discoueries of the New World and the rare Creatures therein found Beasts Birds Trees Herbs and Seeds pag. 798 § I. Whether the Ancients had any knowledge of America and whence the Inhabitants first came ibid. § II. Of Christopher Colon or Columbus his first Discouerie and three other Voyages pag. 801 § III. Of the Beasts Fowles and Plants in America pag. 804 CHAP. III. OF the Discoueries of the North parts of the New World and toward the Pole and of Greene Land or New Land Groen-Land Estotiland Meta incognita and other places vnto New France pag. 807 § I. Of the Discoueries made long since by Nicolo and Antonio Zeni ibid. § II. Discoueries made by Sebastian Cabot Cortregalis Gomes with some notes of Groenland pag. 809 § III. Discoueries by Sir Martin Frobisher pag 811 § IIII. Discoueries by Iohn Dauis George Weymouth and Iames Hall to the North-west pag. 813 § V. Of King IAMES his New-land alias Greene-land and of the Whale and Whale-fishing pag. 814 § VI. Of Hudsons Discoueries and death pag. 817 § VII Of Buttons and Baffins late Discoueries pag. 819 CHAP. IIII. OF New-found-land Noua Francia Arambec and other Countries of America extending to Virginia pag. 821 § I. English Discoueries and Plantations in New-found-land ibid. § II. The Voyages and obseruations of Iaques Cartier in Noua Francia pag. 823 § III. Late Plantations of New France and Relations of the Natiues pag. 825 CHAP. V. OF Virginia pag. 828 § I. The Preface Sir Walter Raleighs Plantation and the Northerne Colonie ibid. § II. Of the Southerne Plantation and Colonies and many causes alleaged of the ill successe thereof at the first pag. 831 § III. Of the Soyle People Beasts Commodities and other obseruations of Virginia pag. 834 § IIII. Of the present estate of Virginia and the English there residing pag 836 CHAP. VI. OF the Religion and Rites of the Virginians pag. 838 § I. Of the Virginian Rites related by Master Hariot pag. ibid. § II. Obseruations of their Rites by Captaine Smith and others pag. 839 §

Their markets are on Sundayes The Knights come hither exceeding yong the sooner to attaine Commendams at home which goe by Senioritie There are resident about fiue hundred and as many abroad to repaire vpon summons Sixteene of them are Counsellors of State called Great Crosses There are seuen Albergs or Seminaries one of which was of England till in the generall Deluge vnder Henrie the eight Saint Iohns without Smithfield sometime the Mansion of the Grand Prior of England was hooked into that crooked streame though still that Title continue an Irish man now enioying it Euery Nation feed by themselues in their seuerall Alberges and sit at table like Friars But how doe I pre-occupate my Christian Relations and fall into a Lethargie hauing opportunitie of such an Hospitall and such Hospitulars Now a word of the ancient Nauigations about Africa Hanno his voyage set forth by the Carthaginians seemed fabulous but Ramusius sheweth euery place by him mentioned to agree with the later Discoueries of the Portugals and thinketh guided by a Portugall Pilot skilfull of those Seas which skanned this Nauigation of Hanno that hee went as farre as Saint Thome Long before this Homer reporteth of Menelaus compassing the Ethiopians from Egypt which some interprete of sayling by the Cape of Good Hope as the Portugals Of this minde Strabo citeth Aristonichus Of Salomon and Iehoshaphat is said before Herodotus affirmeth the Phoenicians sayling in the Red Sea in Cambyses time but this was vsuall and yeerly as Plinie sheweth lib. 6. cap. 23. The same Plinie alledgeth out of Cornelius Nepos the sayling of Eudoxus out of the Red Sea round about Africa to Cales which Strabo relateth otherwise and refuteth The like may be shewed in some other instances of which reade Master Hakluyt his Epistle Dedicatorie Tom. 1. Ramusius part 1. pag. 111. and Galuanus in his Discoueries of the World Which I mention not to disparage or weaken the Portugals praises but to giue Antiquitie their due which I thinke could not ordinarily if at all compasse so long a Nauigation for want of the Compasse yet we should iniurie our Authors if wee should not beleeue somewhat although not so much as they report And this agreeth with the Greeke prouerbe of Hanno's Discoueries and Iubas Historie that hee which findeth sweetnesse in the one may swallow the other and as well entertayne Bauius as Mauius the Periplus of the one and Libyke Histories of the other not obtayning full credit nor wholly meet to be reiected And thus much of this African part of the World the Regions and Religions thereof the one most subiect to the burning beames of the heauenly Sunne the other least enlightning by the comfortable warmth of the Sunne of Righteousnesse blacke in body but more darkned and deformed spiritually as hauing onely some parts of Habassia entirely possessed with Christians besides what in Congo hath of later yeeres beene effected by the Portugals and that little which is subiect to them and Spaine all the rest being Pagan or Mahumetan And would God this were the case of Africa alone seeing that if we diuide the knowne Regions of the world into thirtie equall parts it is Master Brerewoods Computation The Christians part vnderstand it in all Sects and Professions bearing that name is as fiue the Mahumetans as sixe and the Idolaters as nineteene besides that huge heathenous Tract of the vnknowne South Continent which by probable reasons is by him coniectured to bee no lesse then Europe Africa and Asia together So farre is it from truth which one of our Country-men hath lustily bragged on behalfe of his Romish Mother That the Catholike Roman Religion hath had and hath yet a farre greater sway in the world then any other Religion euer had or hath whereas this our Africa hath more Mahumetans in two or three Cities then Romish Catholikes perhaps in her whole compasse And for Asia how pitifully doth he tumble together some names of a few Townes or little Ilands it seemeth vnknowne to himselfe as monuments of Romish Conquests What their American Conuersions are is touched elsewhere Yea euen in our Europe where this mysticall Babylon is situate the mother of the whoredomes and abominations of the Earth the number of Protestants is not much inferiour vnto them But his reasons haue beene alreadie proued vnreasonable by him whose Pen then and Prelacie since wee with all dutie acknowledge a pillar to the Truth and Ornament to our Church and State For my part I am sorrie his assertion is no truer as one seeing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 betweene Catholike and Roman a great gulfe not easily without many prouisoes passable but betweene Heathen and Heauen a bottomlesse depth the way impassable and life impossible Let vs pray to him which is the Way the Truth the Life to make and be the Way by reuelation of his Truth vnto euerlasting Life to these poore Africans that as they are almost wholly in all professions Christian Iewish Morish Ethnike circumcised in the flesh so they may receiue that Circumcision of the Spirit not made with hands which may cut away this superfluitie of superstitions wherein they seeme more deuout then any part of the World and make them with meeknesse to receiue that Word which being grafted in them is able to saue their soules Amen Lord Iesus RELATIONS OF THE DISCOVERIES REGIONS AND RELIGIONS OF THE NEW WORLD OF NEW FRANCE VIRGINIA FLORIDA NEW SPAINE WITH OTHER REGIONS OF AMERICA MEXICANA AND OF THEIR RELIGIONS THE EIGHTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of the New World and why it is named AMERICA and the West Indies with certaine generall discourses of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth in those parts §. I. Of the names giuen to this part of the World and diuers opinions of the Ancients concerning the Torrid Zone NOw are wee shipped for the New World and the New Discoueries But seeing this Inkie Sea through which I vnder-take a Pilots office to conduct my Readers is more peaceable then That which on the back-side of this American World was called the Peaceable by Magellane the first Discouerer it yeeldeth vs the fitter opportunitie to contemplation and discourse in such Philosophicall subiects as the best Authors haue thought worthy the first place in their Histories of these parts Yet before we prie into Natures mysteries the better to know our intended voyage let vs enquire somewhat of the Names if any notice may thence arise of the places thereby knowne The New World is the fittest name which can be giuen to this vast and huge Tract iustly called New for the late Discouerie by Columbus An. Dom. 1492. and World for the huge intention thereof as Master Hakluyt hath obserued A new World it may bee also called for that World of new and vnknowne Creatures which the old World neuer heard of and here onely are produced the conceit whereof moued Mercator to thinke which I dare not thinke with him that the great

Doer or his Posteritie The Ancients made no question of the Soules immortalitie speaking often of the Dead as liuing in Heauen But of the punishments of wicked men in Hel not a word The later Professors teach that the Soule dies with or soone after the Bodie and therfore beleeue neither Heauen nor Hel. Some of them hold that good mens soules by the strength of vertue hold out some longer time but of bad men to die with the bodie But the most common opinion taken from the Sect of Idolaters and brought in fiue hundred yeeres since holdeth that the World consisteth of one substance and that the Maker thereof together with Heauen and Earth Men Beasts Plants and the Elements doe make vp one bodie of which euery Creature is a distinct member thence obseruing what loue ought to be amongst all things and that Men may come to become one with GOD. Although the learned men acknowledge one supreame Deitie yet doe they build him no Temple nor depute any place to his worship no Priests or Ministers of Religion no solemne Rites no Precepts or Rules none that hath power to ordaine or explaine their Holies or to punish the Transgressors They doe Him no priuate or publike deuotions or seruice yea they affirme that it belongs to the King only to do sacrifice and worship to the King of Heauen and that it is treason for others to vsurpe it For this cause the King hath two Temples very magnificent in both the Royall Cities the one consecrate to Heauen the other to Earth in the which hee was wont himselfe to sacrifice but it is now performed by some principall Magistrates which slay there many Sheepe and Oxen and performe other Rites many to Heauen and Earth in his stead To the other spirits of Hills Riuers and the foure Regions of the World onely the chiefe Magistrates doe sacrifice nor is it lawfull to priuate men The Precepts of this Law are in their nine Bookes before mentioned Nothing in this Sect is moee generall from the King to the meanest then their yeerely Obits to their Parents and grand-fathers which they account obedience to Parents though dead of which afterwards The Temple they haue is that which in euery Citie is by the Law built to Confutius in that place where there Schoole or Commencement house is This is sumptuous and hath adioyning the Palace of that Magistracie which is ouer the Bachellors or Graduates of the first degree In the chiefe place of this Temple or Chappell is placed his Image or else his name in golden Cupitall Letters on a faire Table besides which stand other Images of his disciples as inferiour Saints Into this Temple euery new and full Moone all the Magistrates of the Citie assemble with the Bachellors and adore him with kneelings wax-lights and incense They do also yeerely on his birth-day and other appointed times offer vnto him meat-offerings or dishes with great prouision yeelding him thanks for the learning they haue found in his Bookes as the cause of their Degrees and Magistracies But they pray not to him for any thing no more then to the dead in their Obits There are other Chappels of the same Sect vnto the Tutelare spirits of each Citie and proper to euery Magistrate of the Court Therein they binde themselues by solemne oath to obserue the Lawes in their function and that at their first entrance heere they offer meates and burne odours acknowledging diuine Iustice in punishing periurie The scope of this Sect of the learned is the publike peace and well ordering of the priuate and publike state and framing themselues to Morall vertues wherein they doe not much disagree from the Christian veritie They haue fiue concords in their Moralitie in which as Cardinall vertues they comprise all Humanitie the duties namely of Father and Child Husband and Wife Master or Superiour and those vnder them Brethren amongst themselues and lastly Equals and Companions They condemne single life and permit polygamie This precept of Charitie to doe to others as one would bee done to is well handled in their Bookes and especially the pietie and obseruance of Children to their Parents and Inferiours to their Superiours Longobardus saith that euery new and full Moon-day a little before Sun-rising in all the Cities of this Kingdome and in all the streets at one and the same houre they make publication of these sixe Precepts First Obey thy Father and Mother Secondly Reuerence thy Elders and Superiours Thirdly Keepe peace with thy Neighbours Fourthly Teach thy Children Fiftly Fulfill thy Calling and Office The last prohibiteth crimes Murther Adulterie Theft c. Many mixe this first with other Sects yea some hold not this a Sect but an Academie Schoole or Profession of Policie and gouerning the priuate and publike State §. IIII. Of the Sect Sciequia THe second Sect is called Sciequia or Omitose in Iapon pronounced Sciaccu and Amidabu the characters to both are the same the Iaponites call it also the Totoqui Law This was brought into China from the West out of a Kingdome called Thiencio or Scinto now Indostan betweene Indus and Ganges Anno Dom. 65. I haue read That the King of China mooued by a dreame sent Legates thither which brought thence Bookes and Interpreters which translated those Bookes from hence it passed into Iapon and therefore the Iaponders are deceiued which thinke that Sciaccu and Amidabu were Siamites and came into Iapon themselues Perhaps they then heard of the Apostles preaching in India and sending for that had this false doctrine obtruded on them These hold that there are foure Elements whereas the Chinois foolishly affirme fiue Fire Water Earth Metals and Wood not mentioning the Aire of which they compound this Elementary World with the creatures therein They multiplie Worlds with Democritus and with Pythagoras hold a Metampsychosis or passage of Soules out of one body into another They tell of a Trinitie of Gods which grew into one Deitie This Sect promiseth rewards to the good in Heauen to the euill threatens punishments in Hell extolleth Single life seemes to condemne Marriage bids fare-well to house and houshold and begs in Pilgrimages to diuers places Their Rites doe much agree it is the Iesuites assertion with the Popish their Hymnes and Prayers with the Gregorian fashion Images in their Temples Priestly Vestments like to their Pluutalia In their Mumsimus they often repeate a name which themselues vnderstand not Tolome which some thinke may be deriued from that of Saint Thomas Neither in Heauen or Hell doe they ascribe eternitie but after certaine spaces of yeeres they allow them another birth in some other Earth there allowing them penance for their passed sinnes The seuerer sort eate not flesh or any thing that had life but if any delinquish their penance is not heard the gift of some money or the mumbling ouer their Orisons being they promise of power to free from Hell These things made a faire shew but their corruptions

the Ancients which they hold in estimation of Saints diuised these Arts and after ascended bodie and soule into Heauen Many volumes are written in both these Arts and many printed Both seeme to haue like successe the one lessening their siluer for siluer the other shortning their liues to lengthen them The Alchymist passeth his dayes and euaporateth his substance in smoake either aduanced by great labour and cost to beggerie or if hee attaine to any siluered siluer-science it furthers him in deceiuing himselfe and others One only Alchymist said a madde lad of this generation that had melted a faire house in these furnaces hath beene in this kind happy that can turne so little Lead into so much Gold But these Chinois want such sanctified fires howsoeuer herein also besides their exceeding diligence many of them seeke to better their attempt by many yeeres fastings No people more bewitched with this though vniuersall foolery no harmes fraudes losses teaching them more discretion And yet greater madnesse may be ascribed to the other who hauing obtained some prosperous condition of life thinke nothing wanting to felicitie but continuance Few there are in this City Pequin saith Ricius of the Magistrates Eunuchs and chiefe men which are not sicke of this disease none being warned by the ordinary deaths of Masters and Schollers in this kinde I haue read in the Chinese Chronicles of one of their ancient Kings who by these Impostors helpe had procured a potion which hee thought would make him immortall A friend of his sought to disswade him from this vanitie but in vaine wherevpon watching opportunitie he catched the cup and dranke vp the potion The King in his furie offered to kill him whereat the other How canst thou kill mee said hee whom this cup hath made immortall and if thou canst then haue I freed thee of this error The King rested satisfied but not so this people which though many write against both these professions doe now more then euer practise them Trigautius writes of one man which had obtained the second Degree of learning which by this profession had gotten much wealth He had bought many children and killed them secretly composing his Recipes of their bloud as if hee could adde life to others which he had taken from them This came to light by one of his Concubines and he apprehended and thereof conuicted A new punishment was inuented for this new inuention that hee should be bound to a stake and three thousand pieces of his flesh should be cut from him with a Rasor the vitall parts being spared as much as might be This sentence being sent to the King was by him confirmed There be which fable themselues to be very old vnto whom is great recourse of Disciples as to some heauenly Prophets to learne lessons of long liuing They supposed the Iesuites whom they tooke to be of great learning did not truely tell them their Age but suspected that they had alreadie liued some Ages and knew the meanes of liuing euer and for that cause abstained from marriage The Spaniards of the Philippina's being feasted by the Viceroy two Captaines appointed Stwards or Feast-masters before they sate downe did take each of them a cup full of liquor in his hand and went together whereas they might discouer the Heauen and offered the same to the Sunne adding many prayers that the comming of their guests might bee for good and then did fill out the wine making a great curtesie And then proceeded they to their feast The Chinois in the Eclipse of the Sun and Moone are afraid that the Prince of Heauen will destroy them and pacifie him with many sacrifices and prayers they hold the Sunne and Moone Man and Wife §. VII Of the Marriages Concubines and other vices and errours of the CHINOIS THeir Marriages and Espousals want not many Ceremonies Both are done in their youth They like equalitie of age and state betwixt the parties The Parents make the contracts not asking their Childrens consent neither doe they euer refuse As for their Concubines euery one keepes according to his pleasure and abilitie respecting in them especially their beautie and buy them for the most part the price being a hundreth Crownes or lesse The common people also buy their wiues and sell them at their pleasure The Magistrates marry in their owne ranke their legitimate wife This chiefe wife only sits at table with her husband the rest except in the Royall Families are as seruants which in the presence of either of the former may not sit but stand Their children also call that wife their Mother not their naturall Parent and for her Funeralls alone solemnize their three yeeres mourning or leaue their Office not for their owne Mother In their marriages they are very scrupulous that the wife haue not the same surname with her husband although there be no kindred betwixt them and the surnames in all China are not a thousand as before is said neither may any deuise new but must haue one that the same which their Ancestors by the fathers side not the mothers had except he be adopted into another Family They heed not degrees of affinitie or consanguinitie so this surname differ and therefore marry in the Mothers kindred be it almost neuer so neere The Bride brings no portion to her husband and yet the first day she comes to his house she hath to attend abundance of houshold-furniture euen the streets being therewith filled all at the husbands cost who some months before sends her a great summe of mony to this purpose There are many which being poore doe for lust make themselues slaues to rich men that so they may be furnished with a wife amongst his women-slaues whereby also the children become perpetually bond Others buy their wiues but seeing their increasing family grow chargeable beyond their abilitie sell their young sonnes and daughters at the same price they would sell a swine or beast or some two or three duckats more yea though they bee not by dearth compelled thereto Thus this Kingdome abounds with seruants not taken in the warres but home-bred Citizens The Spaniards also and Portugalls carry many of them out of the Countrey into euerlasting seruitude But this child-sale is the more tolerable because the estate of seruants is there more easie then in other Nations the number of the poore which liue hardly is exceeding and they may redeeme themselues at the same price if they be able to giue it And lastly a greater villiny in some Prouinces vsed makes this seeme the lesse which is to murther those their children especially of the female sexe which they thinke they cannot bring vp which fact also is with them the lesse heynous not by preuenting that sale and transportation of their children an impious pietie but by a pious impietie that opinion of transanimation or passage of soules into other bodies thinking that by this vntimely and sudden murther they may haue more

Deluge in the dayes of Noah drowned not these parts because men had not here inhabited who with a deluge of sinne might procure that deluge of waters AMERICA is a more common then fitting name seeing Americus Vespucius the Florentine from whom this name is deriued was not the first Finder nor Author of that Discouerie Columbus will challenge that and more iustly with whom and vnder whom Americus made his first voyage howsoeuer after that hee coasted a great part of the Continent which Columbus had not seene at the charges of the Castilian and Portugall Kings But so it might more rightly be termed Cabotia or Sebastiana of Sebastian Cabot a Venetian which discouered more of the Continent then they both about the same time first employed by King Henrie the seuenth of England and after by the Catholike King Columbus yet as the first Discouerer deserueth the name both of the Countrey for the first finding and of modestie for not naming it by himselfe seeking rather effects then names of his exploits But leaue we these Italian Triumviri the Genuois Venetian and Florentine to decide this question among themselues And why now is it called the West Indies To this Acosta's exposition of the word Indies that thereby wee meane all those rich Countries which are farre off and strange is too generall an answere and giueth not the true cause of the name Gomara saith that a certaine Pilot of whom Columbus receiued his first instructions tooke it to bee India or else Columbus himselfe thinking by the West to finde a neerer passage vnto the East by reason of the Earths roundnesse sought for Cipango or Iapan and Cathay when he first discouered the Ilands of the New World And this opinion is probable both because hee named Hispaniola Ophir whence Salomon fetched his gold and Sebastian Cabot in the first voyage which he made at the charges of King Henrie the seuenth intended as himselfe confesseth to finde no other Land but Cathay and from thence to turne towards India and the opinions of Aristotle and Seneca that India was not farre from Spaine confirmed them therein Now that we may descend from the Name to the Nature of this New World a World it is to see how Nature doth deflect and swarne from those grounds and principles which the Naturalists and Philosophers her forwardest Schollers haue set downe for Rules and Axiomes of Natures working For if we regard the ancient Poets Philosophers and Fathers we shall see them deceiued and that not in few opinions which they seemed to haue learned in Natures Sanctuaries and in most Closets In the Heauens they supposed a burning Zone in the Earth a Plage plagued with scortching heates Vtque duae dextra Coelum totidemque sinistra Parte secant Zonae quinta est ardentior illis Sic Totidemque plaga tellure premuntur Quarum quae mediae est non est habitabilis astu Nix tegit alta duas totidem inter vtramque locauit Temperiemque dedit And a greater then Ouid Quinque tenent Coelum Zonae quarum vna corusco Semper sole rubens c. The sense whereof is that those parts of the World next the Arctike or Antarctike Poles are not habitable by reason of extreme cold nor the middle part by reason of vnreasonable heate the two other parts temperate and habitable The Philosophers accounted this no Poeme or rather were more Poeticall themselues For that which those accounted a Torrid and scortched earth these made to bee a spacious and vnpassable Ocean where the Starres hot with their continuall motions and the Sunnes thirstie Steedes wearied with their daily iourney might finde moysture to refresh and nourish their fierie constitutions And therefore they diuided the Earth into two habitable Ilands compassed about and seuered in the midst with a huge Ocean On this side whereof wee are situated and beyond the Antipodes Some Philosophers indeede held otherwise but with greater errors as Leucippus Democritus Epicurus Anaximander which multiplyed Worlds according to their fancie Rawe and vncertaine were the coniectures of the best Yea those whom wee reuerence as better then the best Philosophers had no lesse errour in this point The Golden-mouthed Doctor had a Leaden conceit that the Heauens were not round whom Theodoret is said to follow Theophilact alleageth Basil for this his assertion Nec mobile esse coelum nec circulare That heauen is neither moueable nor round How firmly and confidently doth Firmianus Lactantius both denie and deride the opinion that there are Antipodes But easier it was for him with a Rhetoricall flourish wherein I thinke of all latine Fathers he deserueth highest prize and praise to dash this opinion out of countenance then to confute the Arguments and Allegations which he there citeth in the Aduersaries name But hee that surpassed Lactantius no lesse in knowledge of truth then he was surpassed by him in smoothnesse of Stile herein holdeth equpàge and draweth in the same yoke of errour I meane him whose venerable name no words are worthy and sufficient to Vsher in Saint Augustine who though somewhere he affirmeth the Antipodes yet elsewhere pressed with an Argument how men should passe from these parts in which Adam and Noah liued to the Antipodes through the vnmeasurable Ocean he thought it easiest to deny that which certain experience at that time could not so easily proue although euen then some reports but obscure and vncertaine had been spread abroad of sailing about Africa as a little before is shewed which must enforce that which Augustine denied More hot and forcible were the Arguments of our more zealous then learned Countrey-man Boniface Archbishop of Mentz and of Pope Zacharie who pursued this opinion of the Antipodes so eagerly against Virgil Bishop of the Iuuanenses in Boiaria about the yeere 743. That vpon Boniface his complaint the Pope writeth to him to cast out this Virgil the Philosopher so doth that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 call him out of the Temple and Church of God and to depriue him for this peruerse Doctrine that there were Antipodes of his Bishopricke and Virgil must packe to Rome to giue account of this Philosophy to the Pope Minerua sui Let the Reader here iudge betweene the Philosophy of the one and the Foole-asse-O-phy of the other and let our Catholike Parasites tell vs whether their not-erring Father pronounced this sentence of errour as a Pope or as a priuate Doctor But what doth this Doter in my way Some also alleadge Nazianzen Hierome and Procopius for this or the like opinion But Poets Philosophers Fathers in other things worthy our loue for their delightfull Poems our admiration for their profound Science our awfull respect and reuerence for their holy learning and learned holinesse herein we bid you farewell magis amica veritas our America subiect to that supposed burning Zone with clouds and armies of

witnesses in her wel-p●opled Regions can auerre that the parts betwixt the Tropikes are both habitable and inhabited and for the Perioeci Antoeci Anticthones and Antipodes the worlds roundnesse and other things of like nature this America yeelds and is sufficient proofe and the yeerely compassing the world which the Spaniards and Portugals diuide betwixt them makes more then euident And let those two English Ships the onely two of one Nation which euer haue sailed and that with admirable successe and fortune about the Globe of the earth tell Lactantius ghost whether they dropped into the clouds as hee feared there to become new constellations which Antiquitie would easily haue attributed to them The Golden Hinde which trauersed the world round and returned a Golden Hind indeed with her belly full of Gold and Siluer is yet at Debtford there resting after her long iourney offering vp her selfe to Time her deeds to eternitie The causes of the Temperature and habitablenesse of those parts That which beguiled the Ancients was the neerenesse of the Sunne his direct beames and the swift motion of the heauens which they coniectured did chase away cold and moisture out of all those parts And hardly could reason otherwise ghesse till experience shewed the contrary For neuer is it moister in those parts betweene the Tropikes then when the Sunne is neerest causing terrible stormes and showers euery day as if hauing drunken too much in his long and hote iourney ouer the Ocean hee did there vomit it vp againe Once the people of those parts reckon it Winter when the Astronomer would call it Summer because of this tedious weather which euery day happening cannot but coole the Ayre and Earth with a maruellous temper and on the other side they call the time of the Sunnes absence Summer because of the perpetuall clearenesse which continueth those sixe moneths the Sunne then exhaling no more vapours then his hote stomacke can digest which with his directer beames being drawne vp surcharge him with abundance and in the middle Region of the Aire by the then stronger Antiperistasis are thickened into raines and attended with Thunder and Lightnings proclaime dayly defiance to the earth threatning harme but doing good cooling the same after the morning Sun hath heated it the showres then falling when the Sunne threatens his hottest fury and violence These Raines make the like inundations and ouerflowings of Riuers in America as before wee haue obserued in Nilus Niger and Zaire in Africa which breaking their bounds and driuing the Inhabitants sometimes to dwell on trees growing sometimes in their carkasses framed into Boats or Canoes therein to retire themselues till the waters are retired cause a cooling and refreshing to the Earth which they couer and shield by their inundations from the Sunnes angry arrowes As in a Limbeck a strong fire causeth abundance of vapours to be extracted out of herbes or other matter which being pressed and finding no issue turn into water and if the fire be smal it exhausteth the vapors as fast as it raiseth them So the Sun in his greatest strength exhaleth these plentifull vapours and distilleth them in showers which in lesse heat are of lesse quantitie and more easily consumed Without the Tropikes it is contrary for the Summer is dry the Winter moist the cause being the Suns weaknesse not able to concoct and disperse the vapours by the moist earth then easily yeelded which in his greater force in the Summer season wee see effected the like wee see in greene wood and dry on the fire It is no lesse worthy note that no part of the World hath so many so great Lakes and Riuers the vapours and exhalations whereof cannot but coole and moisten the neighbouring Elements of the Ayre and the Earth Againe the equall length of the Dayes and Nights perpetually sharing the time in equall portions causeth that the heat is not so vnequall as the Ancients dreamed The great Dewes also in the night which are greater them wee would thinke and comparable for wetting to pretty showers encrease the freshnesse and coolenesse Wee may adde hereunto the neighbour-hood of so huge an Ocean the proprietie of the Windes which in most places betweene the Tropikes are set and certaine no lesse then the Sunne and Tides and bring with them much refreshing Further the situation of the Land doth further the cold not a little in those hot Regions Contrariwise neere the Poles the continuance of the Sunne and long dayes make it hotter then in parts neerer the Sunne as in Russia then in England Yea the high ridges and tops of some Mountaines in the burning Zone are vnsufferable for cold alwayes hauing on them snow hayle and frozen waters the grasse withered and the men and beasts which do passe along that way for heere is no conuenient dwelling benummed with the extremity of cold Paries cùm proximus alget When the Mountaines are subiect to this degree of cold it cannot but temper the Neighbour Regions with some coolenesse at least Now to all these Reasons of the Temperature vnder the Line and betweene the Tropikes some adde the influence of some vnknowne Constellations Onely let this be remembred that the former hold not equally in all parts of the Torride Zone seeing that Nature hath diuersified her selfe in diuers places and by naturall exceptions hath bounded and limited those generall Rules In some places vnder the Line it raineth not at all in other some those cooling Windes are wanting neither hath euery Region Lakes Riuers or Mountaines to refresh them But of these particulars we shall take better view in their peculiar places In the same space the Windes are most-what Easterly and without the Tropikes Westerly so that the Mariners vse not to goe and returne the same way but obseruing the generall Windes seeke to make vse thereof accordingly The reason of this Easterly Winde vnder the Zodiake is ascribed to the motion of the Heauens the first Moueable drawing saith Acosta with his owne motion the inferiour Orbes yea euen those Elementarie of the Fire Ayre and where it findes no other obstacle of the Water also as some suppose But for the Ayre whereof wee now speciall speake the motion of the Comets circularly carried in the Ayre where also their motion is diuers as is obserued in the Planets doth sufficiently prooue Without the Tropikes from seuen and twentie to seuen and thirtie Degrees the Windes are said to be for the most part Westerly mooued as some thinke by the repercussion of the Ayre heere preuailing against that force of the Heauens which mastereth it within the Tropikes euen as wee see Waters being encountered with more force returne with an Eddie in a manner backe This of the Easterly Winds is to be vnderstood of the Sea for at Land though winds bee as before is said certaine and set yet that which is the generall Winde of one Country is not generall to all yea in the same Countrey

at this time is Idolatrous and Pagan wherin the common people are somewhat superstitious but the King himselfe the Mandarines or Magistrates as seeing the vanitie thereof and not able to see the truth are in manner irreligious and profane the first worship that which is Nothing in the World and these find nothing in the World but the World and these momentany things to worship Ricius reports that the ancient Chinois worshipped one only great GOD which they called the King of Heauen or otherwise Heauen and Earth wherby he gathers that they thought Heauen and Earth to be endued with life and the Soule thereof to be the greatest GOD. Beneath which they worshipped also diuers Spirits Tutelares preseruers of the Mountaines of Riuers and of the foure parts of the World They held that Reason was to be followed in all actions which light they confessed to receiue from Heauen They neuer conceiued yet such monstrous absurdities of this god and these spirits as the Egyptians Grecians and Romanes haue done whence the Iesuite would haue you thinke euen in this Idolatry many of them to be saued by I know not what congruitie which merits not the mention In succeeding ages this Idolatry became more manifold in some whiles other became Atheists of which their King and Magistrates are blamed And yet this King when some few yeeres since his Palace was fired with lightning being guiltie of his owne vnworthinesse he commanded his sonne to pray to Heauen for reconciliation Fryer Gasper de la Crux being in Canton entred a certaine Religious house where he saw a Chappell hauing therein besides many other things of great curiositie the Image of a woman with a child hanging about her necke and a Lampe burning before her The mysterie hereof so like the Popish mysterie of iniquitie none of the Chinois could declare The Sunne the Moone Starres and especially Heauen it selfe are gods of the first forme in their Idol-schoole They acknowledge Laocon Tzantey the Gouernour of the great god so it signifieth to be eternall and a spirit Of like nature they esteeme Causay vnto whom they ascribe the lower Heauen and power of Life and Death They subiect vnto him three other spirits Tauquam Teyquam Tzuiquam The first supposed to bee Author of Raine the second of humane Natiuitie Husbandrie and Warres the third is their Sea Neptune To these they offer Victualls Odors and Alter-clothes presenting them also with Playes and Comoedies They haue Images of the Deuil with Serpentine lockes and as deformed lookes as here he is painted whom they worship not to obtaine any good at his hand but to detaine and hold his hand from doing them euill They haue many Hee and Shee-Saints in great veneration with long Legends of their liues Amongst the chiefe of them are Sichia the first inuenter of their religious Votaries of both Sects Quannia an Anchoresse and Neoma a great Sorceresse Frier Martin in one Temple in Vcheo told a hundred and twelue Idols They tell of one Huiunsin in the Prouince of Cechian which did much good to the people both by Alchimy making true Siluer of Quick-siluer and by freeing the Metropolitan Citie from a huge Dragon which hee fastened to an yron pillar still shewed and then flew into Heauen with all his House Mice and all lye and all and there they haue built him a Temple the ministers whereof are of the Sect Thausu Trigautius writes of certaine Gods called Foe which they say goe a visiting Cities and Prouinces and the Iesuites in one Citie were taken for these Idols Foe At Sciauchin they in time of drought proclaimed a Fast euery Idoll was sollicited with Tapers and Odours for Raine A peculiar Officer with the Elders of the people obserued peculitr Rites to these purpose the Priests went on Procession all in vaine When the Citie-Gods could doe nothing they fetched a Country-Idoll called Locu which they carrie about worship offer to But LOCV is now growne old thus they said of his deafenesse At last they goe to a Witch who told them Quonin a Goddesse was angry that her backe was burned meaning the Conuerts which burnt their Idols which insensed them against the Christians Hoaquam is the name of an Idoll which hath rule ouer the eyes which they carry about in Procession and beg in his name In time of trouble they haue familiaritie with the Deuill Pedro de Alfaro obserued being in a Ship with the Chinois in this sort They cause a man to lye on the ground groueling and then one readeth on a Booke the rest answering and some make a sound with Bells and Tabors The man in short space beginneth to make visages and gestures whereby they know the Deuill is entred and then doe they propound their requests to which he answereth by word or Letters And when they cannot extort an answere by word they spread a red Mantle on the ground equally dispersing all ouer the same a certaine quantitie of Rice Then do they cause a man that cannot write to stand there themselues renuing their former inuocation and the Deuill entring into this man causeth him to write vpon the Rice But his answeres are often full of lyes In the entries of their houses they haue an Idoll-roome where they incense their Deities morning and euening They offer to them the sweetest odours Hennes Geese Duckes Rice Wine a Hogs-head boyled is a chiefe offering But little hereof falleth to Gods share which is set in a dish apart as the tippes of the Hogs-eares the bylls and feet of the Hennes a few cornes of Rice three or foure drops of Wine Their Bookes tell much of Hell their deuotions little Their Temples are homely and filthy no Oracle is in any of them They haue fables of men turned into Dogs or Snakes and againe metamorphosed into men And they which beleeue the paines of Hell yet beleeue after a certaine space that those damned soules shall passe thence into the bodies of some beasts But their Idolatries and religious Rites will better appeare if we take view of their different Religions and Sects §. III. Of their three Sects and first of that of CONFVTIVS THey reckon in the World and obserue amongst themselues three Sects the first of the Learned the second Sciequia the third Laucu One of these three euery Chinois professeth as doe their Neighbours also which vse their Characters the Iapanders Corians Lequians and Cochin-Chinois The Sect of the Learned is peculiar to the Chinois very ancient and famous which they drinke in together with the Studies of Learning all their Students and Magistrates professing the same obseruing Confutius the Author thereof These worship not Idols nor haue any One God they worship as preseruer of all things certaine Spirits also in an inferiour honour The chiefe of them neither acknowledge Author Time or Manner of the worlds creation Somewhat they discourse of Rewards of Good and Euill but such as are bestowed in this life vpon the