Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	ancient_n	part_n	zone_n	24	3	12.1438	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64730	Cosmography and geography in two parts, the first, containing the general and absolute part of cosmography and geography, being a translation from that eminent and much esteemed geographer Varenius : wherein are at large handled all such arts as are necessary to be understand for the true knowledge thereof : the second part, being a geographical description of all the world, taken from the notes and works of the famous Monsieur Sanson, late geographer to the French King : to which are added about an hundred cosmographical, geographical and hydrographical tables of several kingdoms and isles of the world, with their chief cities, seaports, bays, &c. drawn from the maps of the said Sanson : illustrated with maps.	Sanson, Nicolas, 1600-1667.; Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Varenius, Bernhardus, 1622-1650. Geographia generalis. English.	1682 (1682)	Wing V103; ESTC R2087	1,110,349	935

Sun Theorem The Meridian of every place passeth through both the Poles of the Earth The Meridians are drawn through every ten degrees of the Aequator which are the Meridians of all those places through which they pass But instead of the Meridians of all other places that doth supply the place which is made of Brass and in which the Globe doth hang. For Instance If that any place in the Superficies of the Globe be brought unto the Brazen Meridian that shall be the Meridian of the place In Maps of Strait lines the Meridians are Strait lines drawn from the top or uppermost part unto the bottom In Maps of Crooked lines they are those Crooked lines which joyn in the Pole The Norizou Fightly The Horizon of any place in the Superficies of the Earth is the greatest imaginary Circle in the Heavens which terminateth the visible part of the Heaven in that place It is also termed the Rational Horizon that it may be distinguished from the Visible Horizon which is improperly so called It hath no place in the Artificial Globe but a Wooden Circle in which the Globe is sustained with its Brazen Meridian and serveth instead of the Horizon of any place as shall be shewed in the next Chapter and therefore it is termed the Wooden Horizon and simply the Horizon These are the Definitions whose knowledge is necessary for the attaining the following Doctrine besides which it behoveth us to borrow from Astronomy the mode of the Motion of the Sun and Stars The Motion of the Sun Moon and Stars The first and common Motion is that by which the Sun Moon and all the Stars seem to be carried round about the Earth to arise to us to make the Meridian and to set and that in the space of twenty four hours Every one of the Stars and the Sun every day by this their common Motion seem to deseribe Parallel Circles unto the Aequator because that this motion is performed upon the Axis of the Earth and the Poles of the same and therefore the Aequator is the greatest Circle of this Motion and the Rule and Square by which we measure the Motion of the other Parallels In every hour they pass fifteen degrees through the Meridian both of the Aequator and every other Parallel for 360 degrees divided by 24 the hours gives unto every hour fifteen and therefore one hour and fifteen degrees of the Aequator make an equal proportion The Horary Circle sheweth the hours which Circle being affixed unto the Artificial Globe is seen in the Brazen Meridian where the Pin or Hand adhereth to the extremity of the Axis of the Earth and it is turned about in the Horary Circle to shew the hours The second motion of the Sun Secondly The proper and second Motion of the Sun which is also Annual is that in which the Sun or rather the Earth is moved from West to East or contrary to its first motion The time or number of the days in which the Sun returneth unto the same point from whence it departed or in which it performeth its whole Period or Circle is termed a Year Now such a Year is 361 days and one fourth part of a day or thereabouts The Way of this second Solary motion is termed the Ecliptick as we have said before which is divided into twelve parts which are called Signs For Astronomers have observed these Constellations of the Heaven through which this Way of the Sun doth lye and from these Constellations denominated the twelve parts of the Ecliptick And because that all Constellations represent the forms of Animals therefore the Ancients termed that Way or Ecliptick The Zodiack Zone or Girdle in the Weaven the Zodiack Yet those which spake more distinctly call the Zodiack a Zone or Girdle in the Heaven whose middle is the very Ecliptick it self or Path of the Sun but the extream parts from both sides of the Ecliptick are distant from it eight degrees by reason that the rest of the Planets have a certain peculiar motion from East to West In which motion they do not describe the Ecliptick it self but paths declining somewhat from the Ecliptick which declination by reason that it exceedeth not 8 degrees therefore they do attribute 16 degrees of Latitude unto the Zodiack viz. Eight from both parts of the Ecliptick so that the Zodiack is that space of the Heaven in which the Planets are always moving neither do they ever move out of it and the Ecliptick is the middle Line of the Zodiack which the Sun passeth through by an Annual motion in which it always keeps its fixed course Moreover the Signs or Constellations of the Heaven through which the Ecliptick and the Zodiack passeth are these March 21.     The Signs of the Zodiack ♈ ♉ ♊ Aries Taurus Gemini June 21.     ♋ ♌ ♍ Cancer Leo Virgo September 21.     ♎ ♏ ♐ Libra Scorpius Sagitarius December 21.     ♑ ♒ ♓ Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Moreover the Ecliptick obliquely cutteth the Aequator Ecliptick so that its greatest distance is twenty three degrees and about thirty minutes Where therefore the Ecliptick cutteth the Aequator which he doth in two points in one of these is placed the beginning of the Ecliptick and also the beginning of the accounting of the Sigus In those points the Sun then being in causeth the equality of the days and nights in all places as also the beginning of the Vernal and Autumnal quarters We begin to number from that point in which the Sun makes the beginning of the Spring to us that is we being scituate from the Aequator towards the Pole Artick the first Sign or first twelfth part of the Ecliptick is termed Aries the second Taurus the third Gemini and so forth as aforesaid because about twenty Ages past those Signs of the Heaven were in these very parts of the Ecliptick Every one of these twelve Signs are divided into thirty Degrees for the whole Ecliptick hath three hundred and sixty Degrees which being divided by 12 makes 30. Moreover seeing that the Sun passeth over the whole Ecliptick that is 360 Degrees in 365 days and one fourth part of a day hence we collect that in every day he passeth 59 Minutes and 8 Seconds which is something less than a Degree The Motion of the Sun Now as the Sun in a years time or 12 Months runneth over the whole Ecliptick or 12 Signs of the Zodiack so also in every Month he passeth about one Sign but his entrance into the Sign is not at the beginning of the Months but on the 21th day of every Month and this is according to the Gregorian Kalender and on the 11th day of every Month according to the old Julian Account viz. on the 21th of March he entreth the Sign of Aries or the very Section of the Ecliptick with the Aequator then on the 21th of April he entreth Taurus and so on Now

distance from the place assumed the Spring when he goeth from a point of moderate distance towards the very Vertex of the Pole or to the point of the Ecliptick which is Vertical to the place or to the Parallel of the place the Summer where the Sun goeth from this other point of middle distance to a point of greatest distance that is the first degree of Capricorn or Cancer 2. In the places of the Aequator it self the Sun no day of the year remaineth above the Horizon more or less hours than twelve and so many beneath the Horizon In other places of the Torrid Zone one hour or an hour and an half at the most viz. in the extream places of this Zone about the Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn when the day is at the longest the Sun remaineth above the Horizon twelve hours and in the shortest day about eleven hours and in the intermedial days that time of the stay of the Sum above and beneath the Horizon doth not much differ from twelve hours And therefore this is the cause that the nights are not without cold and the heat of the day continueth not long about the eveningtide 3. In the night time the Sun is profoundly depressed beneath the Horizon for that he illustrateth the Air with none of his rayes nay not reflex This is the cause that most dark nights are there and the cold of the night is augmented the Air is condensed and contracteth it self and being cold it descends towards the earth by its own ponderosity Moreover in a very short time about the space of half an hour before the rising of the Sun and after his setting those places have the light and heat of the Twilight 4 The Moon almost after the same manner as the Sun ascends directly from the Horizon towards the Meridian of those places yet a little more obliquely because it departeth from the Ecliptick and therefore towards the Torrid Zone about five degrees and it remaineth after the same manner as the Sun a little above twelve hours above the Horizon and is depressed beneath it almost so many hours and that profoundly as we have spoken of the Sun Therefore with her direct rayes or those near to the perpendicular she will augment the warmness of the night especially when she is Vertical to any place and diminish it by her recess but by reason of her short stay above the Horizon the effect of it is little discerned in any place except when it is Vertical to it 5. All the Stars arise and set in places nigh the Aequator but those Stars which are near the Pole in places more remote from the Aequator do not arise and those are but very few and therefore they can cause little heat and light and that also insensible in the Air. 6. In many places of the Torrid Zone as in India and its Isles in the Tongue of Africa and in Mexico the earth is Sulphureous which sendeth forth more calid vapours whence it communicateth a certain heat to the Air and a peculiar property In some places it is sandy as in the North part of Africa lying in the Torrid Zone in part of Lybia and the Land of the Negroes in many places of Arabia in Peru and in the places between Peru and Brazilia whence in these places a very great heat is raised by the Sun because the particles of the Sand do very long retain the heat received from the Sun and soon communicate the same to the vicine Air. In other places the Rivers are many and in those Sandy ones few there are many in Abyssine in Guiney Congo India and in Brazilia hence humid vapours are raised which do very much blunt the force of the Suns rayes and render his heat more tolerable 7. The most places of the Torrid Zone have the Sea adjacent as India and its Isles the Tongue of Africa Guiney Brazilia Peru Mexico some places of the Torrid Zone are Mediterranean as the more inward Africa the Regions between Peru and Brazilia whence it cometh to pass that in those places the heat and drought is greater and in some or most of them the Air is more moist and less fervent then can be caused by the Sun except other causes happen 8. Most of the Regions of the Torrid Zone seeing that they are almost encompassed by the Sea have in the middle places more or lesser ridges of exceeding high Mountains as India and its Isles the Tongue of Africa and Peru These rows of Mountains do very much vary the light heat and rayes of those places somewhere they hinder the Oriental rayes of the Sun otherwhere the Occidental Moreover the humid vapours condensed in the Air are moved to the Vertices of these Mountains as we have shewed in the twentieth Chapter whence rains and clouds proceed by which the heat and light of the Sun is very much obstructed and the Celestial cause of the Seasons is disturbed There are few of the places of the Torrid Zone which want those ridges as the inward Africa Mexico and the like 9. The effects of the Winds in the Torrid Zone are various and notable for a general wind blowing from the side Plagas of the East or from the East continually towards the West refrigerateth the Maritim places which regard the East as Brazilia the Oriental Coast of Africa but not so to those towards the West as Guiney Congo Angola and the Coasts of Peru. Some winds are appropriated as the South in Peru which winds dispel vapours towards the Plaga in which they blow Some are fixed winds of which we have largely treated in the one and twentieth Chapter Now these winds do very much disturb the Celestial cause of the Seasons for they are almost as equally constant and observe order as the motions of the Heaven it self They bring down the Air compel the vapours towards the tops of the Mountains and by other Modes alter the Seasons Ten Anniversary rains are in many places of the Torrid Zone and take away the Celestial cause seeing that they are as equally constant as the motion of the Sun it self For those err who suppose that this our Sublunary Orb observeth all with inconstancy and without order and that the Celestial only have a constant motion Seeing that the causes hitherto spoken of are so various to be able to cause the heat and the properties of the Seasons and in one place some are from other causes in another others are of force or concur in divers Seasons of the year or mutually impede one another hence we discover why the cause and condition of the Seasons of the Torrid Zone is so various Proposition XI How the Spring Summer Autumn and Winter Terrestrial do behave themselves and in what Months of the year they commence in the divers places of the Torrid Zone Of the beginning of the Seasons in places in the Torrid Zone We have said before and especially in the second Proposition that

West Abissina above and Zanguebar beyond the Nile and in the most Easternly part of Ethiopia Congo makes the most Western part of Ethiopia the Mono-Motapa and Cafres the most Southern This on the Coast the other within Land Nubia Abissina and Zanguebar together answer to the Ethiopia sub Egypto of Ptolomy Nubia to the most Northern part and nearest to Egypt Abissina more Southern Zanguebar to that which is on the Coasts and there where Ptolomy describes the Regions of Barbary Azania and Trogloditica which answer to the particular Zanguebar on the Coast of Ajan and the Coast of Abex which we esteem under the general name of Zanguebar In the Lower Ethiopia Congo answers to the Hesperii Aethiopes the Mono-Motapa to Agisymba Regio the Cafres to the Anthropophagi Aethiopes The Coast of Cafres reaches 1200 Leagues the Mono-Motapa is 4 5 or 600 long and broad Congo 6 or 700 long and 300 large Nubia 400 long and 200 broad Abissina 7 or 800 long and 4 or 500 broad The Coast of Zanguebar stretches 15 or 1600 Leagues with not above 100 of breadth like to that of Cafres It s chief Mountains viz. The Mountains of Africa are in great number and very remarkable both for their height extent the Metals wherewith they abound and other particulars The most famous are Atlas those of the Moon and Serre Lione Atlas was the most famous Mountain among the Ancients Atlas who believed it bounded the World on the South It s name was taken from Atlas King of Mauritania whom Perseus turned into a Mountain by making him see the Head of Medusa and because he had been an Astronomer the Poets feigned that he bore up the Heavens It is true this Mountain is so high that it seems to touch the Skies it extends it self from the Great Sea or Occidental Ocean to which it hath given the name of Atlantick even near to Egypt for the space of more than 1000 Leagues leaving Barbary on the one side and Billedulgerid on the other casting forth branches under divers names on both sides There is the Great and Little Atlas The Mountains of the Moon The Mountains of the Moon now of Beth are higher than any of Europe and are alwaies covered with Snow and Ice But these Mountains make divers branches towards the Cape of Good Hope they are called Picos Fragosos towards the East of Congo the Mountains of Chrystal above the Lakes of Zaire and Zafflan the Mountains of the Sun and of Salt-Peter and it may well be that the highest between Abissina the Mono-Motapa and Cafreria retain the name of the Mountains of the Moon The Mountains of Serre Lione The Mountains of Serre Lione by the Portugals Sierre Lioa are the Chariot of the Gods of the Ancients And this name was given because from their top they send forth continual Lightnings and Thunders as if the Gods could not march with less noise Their principal ridge is between the Country of the Negroes and Guinny where they make two Branches one advancing into the Farther Africa or Libya and the Higher Ethiopia the other between the Higher and Lower Ethiopia this seeking the Mountains of the Moon the other Atlas It s chief Rivers viz. The Nile The largest and most famous Rivers of Africa are the Nile and the Niger the Nile hath been known in all times Ancient and Modern Authors have been troubled to tell where its Head-spring is and more to give the reason of the Increase and Decrease of its Waters we will speak something of it in Egypt It s course is 1200 Leagues in a strait line and little less than 2000 in its turnings It descends from the Lake Zaire traverses the Higher Ethiopia Nubia and Egypt and falls with several Mouths into the Mediterranean about the middle of its course it embraces the Isle of Meroe or Gueguere And this Isle hath many Estates and Signories and may boast it self the greatest and fairest of all River Isles that we have knowledge of The Niger The Niger hath its Springs in the Kingdom of Damont above the Lake Niger and not far from the Nile when it is out of the Lake of Zaire This Niger doth in some part divide the Higher Ethiopia from the Lower approaches Nubia and the Countrey of the Negroes hitherto rolling its streams from South to North till losing it self in the Earth it rises again near the Lake Borno turns its course and continues it to the West traversing the whole Country of the Negroes 200 Leagues from the Sea it divides it self into many Branches which have divers names and falls into the Ocean between the 11th and 16th degrees of Latitude It s course is a little longer than that of the Nile its streams more violent and hath the same property of overflowing and fatning the Earth engenders the same Creatures but not so strong hath grains of Gold in its Sand But the Country which it traverses is neither so well habited rich nor known as that of the Nile Some believe the Nile and the Niger come from the same Springs and that they begin not to divide but between the Higher and Lower Ethiopia one continuing its course towards the North the other turning from East to West So the Arab of Nubia calls both Nile and to distinguish them adds Nile of Egypt and Nile of the Negroes The Zaire The other Rivers of Africa are not to compare with these Zaire in Congo may be considered for the quantity of Waters it streams down and for the greatness of its Mouth at the Sea and so some others but let us pass to the Promontories Its Promontories We have already touched a word or two on the principal ones to wit the Capes of Bona Hermea Promontorium Cape Verd Arsinarium Prom Gard a Fuy Aromata Prom this Name was given because of the Drugs and Spices of the East which passed before this Cape to descend by the Red Sea into Egypt and from Egypt into the Mediterranean and through all the West and of the Cape of Good Hope of which the Greeks and Latins have had no certain knowledge much less those before them nevertheless we find some Authors among the Ancients who would make it appear that the Barbarians that is the stranger Nations have made or caused to be made the Circum-navigation of Africa which could not be done without knowing of this Cape The Emperours and Kings which possess Africa The Kings Emperours or Princes which at present possess Africa are in very great number the most powerful and considerable are the Great Turk or Sultan of the Ottomans who holds all Egypt a great part of Barbary and almost all the Coast which touches the Red Sea The Negus of the Abissines who possesses the fairest and greatest part of the Higher Ethiopia the Xeriffs of Fez and Morocco which have held those two Kingdoms in Barbary and likewise Dara and Segelmesse in Billedulgerid The King of Tombutt among