Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	air_n	wind_n	zone_n	28	3	12.6440	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

Who so would neerely looke into what hath bin spoken may likewise vnderstand that going from the West to the East in altitude beyond the Tropikes we shall finde Westerne windes for that the motion of the Equinoctiall being so swift it is a cause that the ayre moueth vnder it according to this motion which is from the East to West drawing after it the vapours and exhalations that rise of either side the Equinoctiall or burning Zone in countring the course and motion of the Zone are forced by the repercussion to returne almost to the contrary whence grow the South-west windes so ordinary in those parts Euen as we see in the course of waters the which if they be incountred by others of more force returne in a manner backe So it seemes to be like in vapours and exhalations whereby it growes that the windes doe turne and separate themselues from one part to another These Westerly windes doe commonly raine in a meane altitude which is from twenty and seuen to thirty and seuen degrees though they be not so certaine nor so regular as the Brises that are in a lesse altitude The reason is for that the South-west winds are no causes of this proper and equall motion of the heauen as the Brises are being neere to the Line But as I haue said they are more ordinary and often more furious and tempestuous But passing into a greater altitude as of fortie degrees there is as small assurance of windes at Sea as at Land for sometimes the East or North winde blowes and sometimes the South or West whereby it happeneth their nauigations are more vncertaine and more dangerous That which we haue spoken of windes which blow ordinarily within and without the Zone must be vnderstood of the maine Sea and in the great gulphes for at land it is otherwise where we finde all sorts of windes by reason of the inequalitie which is betwixt the Mountaines and the vallies the great number of Riuers and Lakes and the diuers scituations of Countries whence the grosse and thick vapours arise which are moued from the one part or the other according to the diuersitie of their beginnings which cause these diuers windes the motion of the ayre caused by the heauen hauing not power enough to draw and moue them with it And this varietie of windes is not onely found at land but also vpon the Sea coast which is vnder the burning Zone for that there be forraine or land windes which come from the land and many which blow from the Sea the which windes from the Sea are commonly more wholesome and more pleasant then those of the land which are contrariwise troublesome and vnwholesome although it be the difference of the coast that causeth this diuersitie commonly the land windes blow from mid-night to the Sunne rising and the Sea windes vntill Sunne setting The reason perhaps may be that the earth as a grosse substance fumes more when as the Sunne shines not vpon it euen as greene wood or scarse dry smoakes most when the flame is quenched But the Sea which is compounded of more subtile parts engenders no fumes but when it is hot euen as straw or ha●e being moist and in small quantitie breedes smoake when it is burnt and when the flame failes the fume suddenly ceaseth Whatsoeuer it be it is certaine that the Land winde blowes by night and that of the Sea by day So that euen as there are often contrary violent and tempestuous windes vpon the Sea coast so doe we see very great calmes Some men of great experience report that hauing sailed many great passages at Sea vnder the Line yet did they neuer see any calmes but that they alwayes make way little or much the ayre being moued by the celestiall motion which is sufficient to guide a Shippe blowing in poope as it doth I haue already said that a Shippe of Lima going to Manilla sailed two thousand seuen hundred leagues alwayes vnder the Line or not aboue twelue degrees from it and that in the moneths of February and March when as the Sunne is there for Zenith and in all this space they found no calmes but alwayes a fresh gale so as in two moneths they performed this great voyage But in the burning Zone and without it you shall vsually see great calmes vpon the coasts where the vapours come from the Ilands or maine land And therefore stormes and tempests and the sudden motions of the ayre are more certaine and ordinary vpon the coasts whereas the vapours come from the Land then in full Sea I meane vnder the burning Zone for without it and at Sea there are both calmes and whirlewindes Notwithstanding sometimes betwixt the two Tropickes yea vnder the Line you shall haue great raine and sudden showers yea farre into the Sea for the working whereof the vapours and exhalations of the Sea are sufficient which mouing sometimes hastily in the ayre cause thunder and whirlewindes but this is more ordinary neere to the Land and vpon the Land When I sailed from Peru to new Spaine I obserued that all the time we were vpon the coast of Peru our voyage was as it was ordinary very calme and easie by reason of the Southerne winde that blowes hauing alwayes a fore winde returning from Spaine and new Spaine As we passed the gulph lanching farther into the Sea almost vnder the Line wee found the season coole quiet and pleasant with a full winde but comming neere to Nicaragua and to all that coast wee had contrary windes with great store of raine and fogges All this Nauigation was vnder the burning Zone for from twelue degrees to the South which is Lima we sailed to the seuenteenth which is Gaut●lco a port of new Spaine and I beleeue that such as haue obserued their nauigations made vnder the burning Zone shall finde what I haue said which may suffice for the windes which raigne at Sea vnder the burning Zone It were a very difficult matter to report particularly the admirable effects which some windes cause in diuers regions of the world and to giue a reason thereof There are windes which naturally trouble the water of the Sea and makes it greene and blacke others cleere as Christall some comfort and make glad others trouble and breede heauinesse Such as nourish Silke-wormes haue great care to shut their windowes when as the South-west windes doe blow and to open them to the contrary hauing found by certaine experience that their wormes diminish and dye with the one and fatten and become better with the other and who so will neerely obserue it shall finde in himselfe that the diuersities of windes cause notable impressions and changes in the body principally in sicke parts and ill disposed when they are most tender and weake The holy Scripture calleth one a burning winde another a winde full of dewe and sweetnesse And it is no wonder if we see such notable effects of the winde in Plants

Shewing the reason why the Sunne without the Tropicks causeth greatest quantitie of waters when it is farthest off and contrariwise within them it breedeth most when it is neerest l. 2. chap. 7. Exceptions to generall rules The Authors experience Various and diuersified tempers of the Torrid Zone Causes of temperaten●sse vnder the Line and within the Tropicks Second cause That there bee other reasons besides the former mentioned which shew that the burning Zone is temperate especially alongst the Ocean Chap. 11. Arist. 〈◊〉 Dionys. c. 15. 〈◊〉 c●●l ●ierar That the cold windes bee the principal cause to make the burning Zone temperate Chap. 13. It is noted by trauellers that there is a hot winde sometimes neere to Balsara and Ormus which swalloweth mens breath and suddenly kils them Linschoten obserue at Goa the wind to blow twelue houres from the Sea and other twelue constantly from the land Temper of the Indies Of the windes their differences properties and causes in generall lib. 3. cap. 2. * We haue abbreuiated and to preuent tediousnesse cut off a great part of Acostas obseruations in the two former bookes as hauing handled the same in our Pilgrimage l. 8. where we haue shewed whence men and beasts might come thither and that the opinion of the worlds vnhabitablenesse betwixt the Tropicks is false for the daily raines when the Sunne is neerest the long nights therein great dewes the breezes and constant course of the windes the great Lakes Riuers height of Hills c. make those parts not onely habitable but more temperate then others and fitter for mans life there being more heat at and on this side the Tropicks then vnder the Line We here doe but cull ou● choise things for better vnderstanding the naturall historie of those parts for other things referring the Reader to the Authour himselfe Occasionally our notes shall elucidate those things also which are in the Text omitted * Vulcans as Aet●● Hecla c. sulphurous earth whence ●●re issueth Generall windes Monso●● Windes receiue their qualities from the places by which they passe Psalme 134. Ieremie 10. Herera hath shewed the height of the Hills to bee the cause of the windes constancy and raines raritie Eastern winde raineth betwixt the Tropicks That the burning Zone the Brises or Easterly windes doe continually blow and without the Zone the Westerne and that the Easterly are ordinarie alwayes there Chap. 4. Iuan de Gacos in Decade 1. lib. 4. cap. 6. They goe one way to the Indies and return another why Sayling 2700. leagues without sight of Land in two moneths See Candishes voyage Cause of the Brises Motion of the Primum Mobile carrieth the inferiour aire with it The Comet 1577. seene eight dayes sooner in Peru then in Spaine The Brize or motion of the air with the heauens is a winde Why withou● the Zone in a greater alt●tude we finde alwaies Westerly windes Chap. 7. 〈◊〉 windes Of the exceptions to the foresaid Rules of the winds and calmes both at Land and at Sea Chap. 8. Cause of the variety of windes Simile Note Of some maruellous effects of the windes which are in some parts of the Indies Chap. 9. Silkewormes killed with South-west windes Exo. c. 10. 14. Iob 17. Ioan 4. Os●e 13. Dan. 3. The like Linschoten obserueth in the Terceras Sea sicknesse whence Agitation and Sea ayre Strange passion at Pariacaca by the ayre there Height of Pariacaca 〈◊〉 too subtile for mens bodies So we see Horses to beate the water with their feete to make it more grosse and thereby more agreeable to their bodies Vicunos Great Desart Punas ayre kil●ing Strange Story The same confirmed by a Iesuites report and a Dominicans Such effects of cold w● haue obserued in Russia and other Northern parts and the like Master Kniuet will tell vs at the Maggelan Straits No Mediterranean Sea of great note in America Terra firme Straight of land but eight leag betwixt North South Seas Herodotus Iouius Experience in Drakes and Maires voyage haue found them no straights but broken Ilands to the South contrary to our Author here See of this Sir Francis Drakes Voyage to 1. l. 2 I haue omitted Sarmientoes voiage c. The supposed Straight in Florida Of the ebbing and flowing of the Indian Ocean Chap. 14. The Philosophers in searching the cause of ebbing and flowing haue easily erred following the Greekes and Latines which knew not the Ocean and could not therfore know the cause * Hernando Alonso which with Sarmiento had gone to the Straights to seeke Captaine Drake At the Downes on our coast two tides meet one from the Westerne Sea or slewe the other from the North which there cause much varietie Of sundry Fishers and their manner of fishing at the Indies The Manati a strange fish The Whales also bring forth their yong aliue and nourish them with their brests being in that huge creature scarce twice so big as the breasts of a woman and farre lesse then those of many women Their foode is also Sea weedes Sharking sharkes They haue rough heads whereby they cleaue and sticke fast to the Sharke which thus are forced to ca●ry them with their swift motion of whose off all also they liue Crocodiles * Yet so as euer and anon hee dips it in the water his tongue being so short that otherwise he could not swallow it Tigre kils a Crocodile Indians exploit on a Crocodile Whale killed by the Sauages Of Lakes and Pooles that be at the Indies Chap. 16. Thicke water Fishes and fishing Originall of Lakes Greatest riuers flow from Lakes Hot Lake and many wonders thereof Lakes of Mexico salt and fresh R●ch Lake Of many and diuers Springs and Fountains Chap. 17. Hot Spring turning into Stone Fountaine of Pitch Cold and hot Springs together Salt Spring which yeeldes Sal● without boiling Pocke-●pring Smoak Spring Inke c. Of Riuers Chap. 18. Maragnon or Amazons Water-fall Golden thirst Riuer of Plata increasing as Nilus How they passe their Riuers Haire and Straw Bridges L. 3. C. 19 Decay of people in the Indies by the Spaniards Corn ground● The Indies mountainous and thereby temperate Of the properties of the land of Peru. Chap. 20 One winde onely The Plaines the hils and the Andes See sup in Herera Raine almost euer and almost neuer Diuers Beasts Their bread The reason why it raines on the Lanos along the Sea coast Chap. 21. Of the propertie of new Spaine of the Ilands and of other Lands Chap. 22. Peru wine Sugar workes and Hides Indians wasted Of the vnknowne Land and the diuersitie of a whole day betwixt them of the East and the West Chap. 23. Of the Volcans or Vents of fire Chap. 24. Terrible earthquake at Guatimala Couetous Priest Causes of this burning Basil. Psal. 28. in exa● Of Earthquakes Cap. 26. Great earthquakes Noyse before the earthquake Why the Sea coast is subiect to earthquakes Earthquake at Ferrara terrible A● Angoango Metals grow as

before 1605. Captaine of a Pinnasse of the King of Denmarke for the Discouery of the North-west passage begunne the eighteenth of Aprill 1606. H. pag. 827. CHAP. XVII The fourth Voyage of Iames Hall to Groaneland wherein he was set forth by English Aduenturers Anno 1612. and slaine by a Greenelander Written by William Baffin H. pag. 831. CHAP. XVIII A true Relation of such things as happened in the fourth Voyage for the Discouerie of the North-west Passage performed in the yeere 1615. written by William Baffin H. P. pag. 836. CHAP. XIX A briefe and true Relation of Iournall containing such accidents as happened in the fift Voyage for the discouery of a passage in the North-west set forth at the charges of the right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Dudly Digges Knight Master Iohn Mostenholme Esquire Master Alderman Iones with others in the goodship called the Discouery of London Robert Bileth Master and my selfe Pilot performed in the yeere of our Lord 1616. pag. 844. CHAP. XX. A briefe Discourse of the probability of a passage to the Westerne or South Sea illustrated with testimonies and a briefe Treatise and Map by Master Brigges H.P. pag. 848. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the Fifth Booke of the second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Description of the West Indies by Antonio de Herrera his Maiesties chiefe Chronicler of the Indies and his Chronicler of Castile H. P. pag. 855 The Presidents Counsellors Secretaries and Attourneys which vnto this present day haue serued and doe serue in the supreme Councell of the Indies from their first Discouerie pag. 916. The Gouernours and Vice-royes which haue gouerned vntill this time the Kingdomes of New-Spaine and of Peru. pag. 917. CHAP. II. Obseruations gathered out of the First Second Third and Fourth Bookes of Iosephus Acosta a learned Iesuite touching the naturall historie of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth at the West Indies Also of their Beasts Fishes Fowles Plants and other remarkeable rarities of Nature pag. 918. § 1. Of the fashion and forme of Heauen at the new-found World and of the Ayre and Winds ibid. § 2. Of the Ocean that inuirons the Indies and of the North and South Seas their ebbing flowing Fishes fishing Lakes Riuers and Springs pag. 928. § 3. Of the qualitie of the Land at the Indies in generall Properties of Peru and of new Spaine and other parts of Vulcanes and Earthquakes pag. 935. § 4. Of Metals in the Indies and especially of the Gold and Siluer and Quick-siluer pag. 941. § 5. Of Emeralds Pearles Indian Bread Trees Fruits Flowers naturall and carried thither from Spaine pag. 952. § 6. Of Beasts and Fowles in the Indies pag. 962. Of Fowles that are proper to the Indies and Venison pag. 965. CHAP. III. Extracts of Gonzalo Ferdinando de Ouiedo his Summarie and the generall Historie of the Indies pag. 970. Of the Mynes of Gold and the manner of working in them ibid. Of the manner of fishing for Pearles pag. 972. Of the familiaritie which certaine of the Indians haue with the Deuill and how they receiue answere of him of things to come and other superstitions pag. 973. Of diuers particular things as Wormes Serpents Beasts Fowles Trees c. pag. 975. Of Trees Fruits and Plants pag. 981. Of Reedes or Canes pag. 983. Of venemous Apples wherwith they poyson their Arrowes pag. 985. Of Fishes and of the manner of fishing p. 986. Of the increase and decrease that is rising and falling of our Ocean Sea and South Sea called the Sea of Sur. pag. 989. Of the straight or narrow passage of the Land lying betweene the North and South Sea by the which Spices may much sooner and easilier be brought from the Ilands of Molucca into Spaine by the West Ocean then by that way wherby the Portugals saile into the East India ibid. How things that are of one kinde differ in forme and qualitie according to the nature of the place where they are engendred or grow and of the beasts called Tigres pag. 990. Of the manners and customes of the Indians of the Firme Land and of their Women pag. 991. Of the chiefe Ilands Hispaniola and Cuba pag. 993. CHAP. IIII. Mexican Antiquities gathered out of the writings of Iosephus Acosta a learned Iesuite pag. 1000. § 1. Of the ancient Inhabitants of new Spain and of the sixe Linages of the Nauatlacas Of the Mexican Exodus and aduentures by the way the foundation of Mexico their first King and Tribute ibid. § 2. Of the second King Vitzilouitli and of his successours and their Acts vntill the reigne of Motezuma their last King pag. 1009. § 3. Of the election of great Motezuma the last King of Mexico his pompe and manner of gouernment prodigious fore-warnings of his ruine and the Spanish conquest pag. 1018. CHAP. V. Of the ancient superstitions of the Mexicans and Indians of America gathered out of the fifth booke of Iosephus Acosta pag. 1026. CHAP. VI. Ciuill Customes and Arts of the Indians taken out of Acostas 6. Booke pag. 1050. CHAP. VII The Historie of the Mexican Nation described in pictures by the Mexican Author explained in the Mexican language which exposition translated into Spanish and thence into English together with the said Picture-historie are heere presented H. pag. 1066 § 1. The Mexican Chronicle ibid. § 2. The second part of this Booke contayning the particular Tributes which euery Towne subdued payed vnto the Lords of Mexico pag. 1080 § 3. The third part of this Booke contayneth the priuate behauiour in Marriages education of Children and Trades with the Martiall Ecclesiasticke and Ciuill policie of the Mexican people pag. 1102. CHAP. VIII Conquest of Mexico and New Spaine by Hernando Cortes pag. 1118. CHAP. IX Larger Relations of things most remarkeable obserued by the Spaniards at their first comming Cholallas holies Popocatepecs ashes Mutezumas multiforme Magnificence and Maiestie Mexican Citie and Temple with other Antiquities gathered out of the Third part of the Historie of Francis Lopez de Gomara pag. 1123. The Hill called Popocatepec ibid. Description of Mexico as it flourished in those times pag. 1131. Other Mexican Antiquities Letters Numbers Yeeres Dayes Weekes c. pag. 1135. Their reckoning by numbers ibid. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the sixth Booke of the Second part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Briefe Relation of the seuerall Voyages vndertaken and performed by the Right Honourable George Earl of Cumberland in his owne person or at his owne charge and by his direction collected out of the Relations and Iournals of credible persons Actors therein pag. 1141. CHAP. II. The Voyage to Saint Iohn de Porto Rico by the Right Honourable George Earle of Cumberland written by himselfe H. pag. 1150. CHAP. III. A large Relation of Port Ricco Voyage written as is reported by that learned man and reuerend Diuine Doctor Eglambie his Lordships Chaplaine and Attendant in that Expedion very much abbreuiated H. pag.

Residencie with facultie to take the gouernment and by his death the Licenciate Marcus of Aguilar naturall of the Citie of Ezija was subrogated his Deputie and because of his death succeeded within two moneths hee substituted his authorities in the Treasurer Alonso of Estrada borne in Citie Royall and the death of Lewis Pance being knowne in Castile it was prouided that Marcus of Aguilar should gouerne and in defect of him Alonso of Estrada till the first Court came with order that Nunne of Guzman Knight of Guadalajara Gouernour of Panuco a President did come and because it was conuenient to take away those Iudges others were sent in their places and for President in the gouernment vniuersall of New Spaine Don Sebastian Ramirez of Fuenleal Bishop of Saint Dominicke and of the Conception late President of the Court of Saint Dominicke a man of great learning and that after many dignities died in Castile Bishop of Cuenca and then the charge of Captaine generall was giuen anew to the Marques Don Hernando Cortes that he might gouerne the matters of warre with the aduise of Don Sebastian Ramirez The first that had title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall of New Spaine was Don Antonie of Mendoça brother of the Marques of Mondejar Don Lewis of Velasco a Gentleman of the House of the high Constable of Castile Don Gaston of Peralta Marques of Falces Don Martine Enriquez of Almansa brother of the Marques of Alcannizes the Kings Steward Don Laurence Xuarez of Mendoça Earle of Corunya which deceased being prouided for Piru and by his death Don Peter Moya of Contreras Archbishop of Mexico gouerned in the meane while Don Aluaro Manrique of Zunniga Marques of Villamamuque brother of the Duke of Bojar Don Lewis of Velasco sonne to the abouesaid Don Lewis of Velasco which passed to gouerne the Kingdomes of Piru where at this present hee is Don Gaspar of Zunniga and Fonseca Earle of Monterrey which gouerneth at this day In the Kingdomes of Piru DOn Franciscus Piçarro Marques of the Charcas Gouernour chiefe Iustice and Captaine generall The Licenciate Vaca of Castro of the habit of Saint Iames of the supreme Councell of Castile carried Title of Gouernour generall Blasco Nunnez Vela a Gentleman of Auila was the first that carried the Title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall of the Kingdomes of Piru The Licenciate Iames de la Gasca of the Councell of the holy and generall Inquisition carried the Title of President of the new Court that was sent to the Citie of The Kings and of Gouernour generall with facultie to giue the gouernment of Armes to whom hee thought best He died Bishop of Siguença and his Funerall and Trophees are seene in Magdalene Church in Valladolid and in his absence the gouernment remayned to the Court of the Citie of The Kings The second that carried Title of Vice-roy and Captaine generall was Don Antonie of Mendoça that gouerned the Kingdoms of New Spaine Don Andrew H●rtado of Mendoça Marques of Ca●yete Don Iames of Zunyga and Velasco Earle of Nieua The Licenciate Lope Garcia of Castro of the Royall and supreme Councell of the Indies caried title of President and Gouernor general Don Franciscus of Toledo brother to the Earle of Oropesa Steward to the King Don Martin Enriquez from the charge of New Spaine passed to gouerne the Kingdomes of Piru Don Garcia of Mendoça Marques of Cauyete Don Lewis of Velasco from the charge of New Spaine passed to the Kingdomes of Piru where now he is and at the instant of the impression of this Worke is prouided for Vice-roy and Captaine generall of those Kingdomes Don Iohn Pacheco Duke of Escalona Printed at Madrid by Iuan Flamenco A● 1601. CHAP. II. Obseruations gathered out of the First Second Third and Fourth bookes of IOSEPHVS ACOSTA a learned Iesuite touching the naturall historie of the Heauens Ayre Water and Earth at the west Indies Also of their Beasts Fishes Fowles Plants and other remarkable rarities of Nature §. I. Of the fashion and forme of Heauen at the new-found World and of the Ayre and Windes MAny in Europe demand of what forme and fashion Heauen is in the Southerne parts for that there is no certaintie found in ancient Books who although they grant there is a Heauen on this other part of the World yet come they not to any knowledge of the forme thereof although in truth they make mention of a goodly great Starre seene in those parts which they call Canopus Those which of late dayes haue sayled into these parts haue accustomed to write strange things of this Heauen that it is very bright hauing many goodly Starres and in effect things which come farre are commonly described with encrease But it seemes contrarie vnto me holding it for certaine that in our Region of the North there is a greater number and bigger starres finding no starres in these parts which exceede the Fisher or the Chariot in bignesse It is true that the Crosse in these parts is very faire and pleasing to behold we call the Crosse foure notable and apparant starres which make the forme of a crosse set equally and with proportion The ignorant suppose this crosse to be the Southerne Pole for that they see the Nauigators take their heigth thereby as wee are accustomed to doe by the North starre But they are deceiued and the reason why Saylers doe it in this sort is for that in the South parts there is no fixed starre that markes the Pole as the North starre doth to our Pole And therefore they take their heigth by the starre at the foote of the Crosse distant from the true and fixed Pole Antarticke thirtie degrees as the North starre is distant from the Pole Articke three degrees or little more And so it is more difficult to take the heigth in those parts for that the said starre at the foote of the Crosse must be right the which chanceth but in one houre of the night which is in diuers seasons of the yeere in diuers houres and oftentimes it appeareth not in the whole night so as it is very difficult to take the height And therefore the most expert Pilots regard not the Crosse taking the height of the Sunne by the Astrolabe by which they know in what height they are wherein commonly the Portugals are more expert as a Nation that hath more discourse in the Arte of Nauigation then any other There are also other starres in these Southerne parts which in some sort resemble those of the North. That which they call the Milken way is larger and more resplendent in the South parts appearing therein those admirable blacke spots whereof we haue made mention Considering with my selfe oftentimes what should cause the Equinoctiall to bee so moist as I haue said to refute the opinion of the Ancients I finde no other reason but the great force of the Sunne in those parts whereby it drawes vnto it a great abundance of vapours

there went a ship from Calloa in Lima to the Philippines which sayled two thousand and seuen hundred leagues without sight of Land and the first it discouered was the Iland of Lusson where they tooke Port hauing performed their voyage in two moneths without want of winde or any torment and their course was almost continually vnder the Line for that from Lima which is twelue degrees to the South he came to Manilla which is as much to the North. The like good fortune had Aluaro de Mandana when as he went to discouer the Ilands of Solomon for that he had alwayes a full gale vntill he came within view of these Ilands the which must bee distant from that place of Peru from whence hee parted about a thousand leagues hauing runne their course alwayes in one height to the South The returne is like vnto the voyage from the Indies vnto Spaine for those which returne from the Philippines or China to Mexico to the end they may recouer the western windes they mount a great height vntill they come right against the Ilands of Iapon and discouering the Caliphornes they returne by the coast of new Spaine to the Port of Acapulco from whence they parted So as it is proued likewise by this Nauigation that they saile easily from East to West within the Tropicks for that their Easterly windes doe raine but returning from West to East they must seeke the Westerne windes without the Tropicks in the height of seuen and twentie degrees The Portugals proue the like in their Nauigations to the East Indies although it be in a contrarie course Let vs now speake of that which toucheth the Question propounded what should be the reason why vnder the burning Zone we saile easily from East to West and not contrarie wherein we must presuppose two certaine grounds The one is that the motion of the first Moouer which they call Diurnall not onely drawes and mooues with him the celestiall Spheares which are inferiour vnto him as wee see daily in the Sunne the Moone and the Starres but also the Elements doe participate of this motion insomuch as they are not hindered The Earth is not mooued by reason of her heauinesse which makes it immoueable being farre from this first motor The Element of water mooues not likewise with this Diurnall motion for that it is vnited to the Earth and make one spheare so as the Earth keeps it from all circular motion But the other two Elements of Fire and Aire are more subtill and neerer the heauenly Regions so as they participate of their motion and are driuen about circularly as the same celestiall bodies As for the Fire without doubt it hath his spheare as Aristotle and other Philosophers haue held but for the Aire which is no point of our subiect it is most certaine that it mooues with a motion Diurnall which is from East to West which wee see plainly in Comets that mooue from the East vnto the West mounting descending and finally turning in the hemispheare in the same sort as the Starres moue in the firmament for otherwise these Comets being in the region and sphere of the ayre whereas they ingender appeares consum'd It should be impossible for them to moue circularly as they doe if the element of the aire doth not moue with the same motion that the first motor doth For these elements being of a burning substance by reason they should be fixt without mouing circularly if the sphere where they are did not moue if it be not as we faine that some Angell or intellectuall Spirit doth walke with the Comet guiding it circularly In the yeare 1577. appeared that wonderfull Comet in forme like vnto a feather from the horizon almost to the middest of heauen and continued from the first of Nouember vntill the eight of December I say from the first of Nouember for although in Spaine it was noated but the ninth of Nouember according to the testimonie of Writers of that time yet at Peru where I was then I remember well we did see it and obserue it eight dayes before and all the time after Touching the cause of this diuersitie some may delate vpon it particularly I will onely shew that during those fortie dayes which it continued wee all obserued both such as were in Spaine and we that liued then at the Indies that it moued daily with an vniuersall motion from East to West as the Moone and other Planets whereby it appeares that the sphere of the aire being its Region the element it selfe must of necessitie moue after the same sort We noted also that besides this vniuersall motion it had another particular by which it moued with the planets from West to East for euery night it turned more Eastward like vnto the Moone Sunne and Planets of Venus We did also obserue a third particular motion whereby it moued from the Zodiacke towards the North for after some nights it was found neerer vnto the Septentrionall signes And it may be this was the reason why the great Comet was sooner seene by those that were Southerly as at Peru and later discouered by them of Europe for by this third motion as I haue said it approached neerer the Northerne Regions Yet euery one may well obserue the differences of this motion so as we may well perceiue that many and sundry celestiall bodies giue their impressions to the sphere of the ayre In like sort it is most certaine that the ayre moues with the circular motion of the heauen from East to West which is the first ground before mentioned The second is no lesse certaine which is that the motion of the ayre in those parts that are vnder the Line or neere vnto it is very swift and light the more it approacheth to the Equinoctiall but the farther off it is from the Line approaching neere the Poles the more slow and heauie this motion is The reason hereof is manifest for that the mouing of the celestiall bodies being the efficient cause of the mouing of the ayre it must of necessitie be more quicke and light where the celestiall bodies haue their swiftest motion Alonso Sanches was of opinion that this motion of the ayre was not a winde but the ayre moued by the Sunne This is learnedly spoken yet can wee not deny it to be a winde seeing there are vapours and exhalations of the Sea and that we sometimes see the Brise or Easterly windes stronger sometimes more weake and placed in that sort as sometimes they can hardly carry all their sayles We must then know and it is true that the ayre moued draweth vnto it the vapours it findes for that the force is great and findes no resistance by reason whereof the Easterne and Westerne windes are continual and in a manner alwayes alike in those parts which are neere the Line and almost vnder all the burning Zone which is the course the Sun followes betwixt the two circles of Cancer and Capricorne

Indians being deceiued of him and seeing also such effects to come certainly to passe as he hath told them before beleeue him in all other things and honour him in many places with Sacrifices of the bloud and liues of men and odoriferous Spices And when God disposeth the contrary to that which the Deuill hath spoken in Oracle whereby he is prooued a Lyer hee causeth the Tequinas to perswade the people that he hath changed his mind and sentence for some of their sins or deuiseth some such lye as liketh him best being a skilfull Master in such subtill and craftie deuices to deceiue the simple and ignorant people which hath small defence against so mightie and craftie an Aduersarie And as they call the Deuill Tuyra so doe they in many places call the Christians by the same name thinking that they greatly honour them thereby as indeed it is a name very fit and agreeable to many of them hauing laid apart all honestie and vertue liuing more like Dragons then men among these simple people Before the Inhabitants of the Iland of Hispaniola had receiued the Christian Faith there was among them a Sect of 〈◊〉 which liued solitarily in the Desarts and Woods and led their life in Silence and Abstinence more streightly then euer did the Philosophers of Pythagoras Sect abstaining in like manner 〈◊〉 the eating of all things that liue by bloud contented onely with such Fruites Herbes and 〈◊〉 as the Deserts and Woods ministred vnto them to eate The Professors of this Sect were 〈◊〉 P●aces They gaue themselues to the knowledge of naturall things and vsed certaine secret ●●gicall Operations and Superstitions whereby they had familiaritie with Spirits which they a●ured into their owne bodies at such times as they would take vpon them to tell of t●ings to come which they did in manner as followeth When any of the Kings had occasion to call any of them ●ut of the Desarts for this purpose their custome was to send them a portio● of their fine Bread of Cazabi or Maiz and with humble request and suite to desire them 〈…〉 them of such things as they would demand After the request granted and the place a● day appointed the Piaces commeth with two of his Disciples wayting on him where the one bringeth with him a Vessell of a secret Water and the other a little Siluer Bell When hee commeth to the place hee sitteth downe on a round seate made for him of purpose ●here hauing his Disciples the one standing on the one hand and the other on the other euen the presence of the King and certaine of his Nobles for the common people are not admitte● 〈◊〉 these Mysteries and turning his face toward the Desart he beginneth his Inchant●●●t and calleth the Spirit with loude voyce by certaine names which no man vnder●●●ndeth but hee and his Disciples After hee hath done thus a while if the Spirit yet 〈◊〉 his comming hee drinketh of the said Water and therewith waxeth hot and 〈◊〉 and inuerteth and turneth his Inchantment and letteth himselfe bloud with a thorne maru●●●●usly turmoiling himselfe as we read of the furious Sybils not ceasing vntill the spirit be come who at his comming entreth into him and ouerthroweth him as it were a Greyhound should ouerturne a Squerell then for a space he seemeth to lye as though he were in great paine or in a rapte wonderfully tormenting himselfe during which agonie the other Disciple shaketh the Siluer Bell continually Thus when the agonie is past and he lyeth quietly yet without any sence or feeling the King or some other in his stead demandeth of him what he desired to know and the spirit answered him by the mouth of the rapte Piaces with a direct and perfect answere to all points Insomuch that on a time certaine Spaniards being present at these mysteries with one of the Kings and in the Spanish tongue demanding the Piaces of their Ships which they looked for out Spaine the spirit answered in the Indian tongue and told them what day and houre the Ships departed from Spaine how many they were and what they brought without failing in any point If he be also demanded of the eclipse of the Sunne or Moone which they greatly feare and abhorre he giueth a perfect answer and the like of tempests famine plentie warre or peace and such other things When all the demands are finished his Disciples call him aloud ringing the Siluer Bell at his eare and blowing a certaine powder into his nostrils whereby he is raised as it were from a dead sleepe being yet somewhat heauy headed and faint a good while after Thus being againe rewarded of the King with more bread he departeth againe to the desarts with his Disciples But since the Christian faith hath beene dispersed throughout the Iland these diuellish practises haue ceased and they of the members of the Diuell are made the members of Christ by Baptisme forsaking the Diuell and his works with the vaine curiosity of desire of knowledge of things to come whereof for the most part it is better to be ignorant then with vexation to know that which cannot be auoided Furthermore in manie places of the firme Land when any of the Kings dye all his houshold seruants aswell women as men which haue continually serued him kill themselues beleeuing as they are taught by the Diuell Tuyra that they that kill themselues when the King dyeth goe with him to heauen and serue him in the same place and office as they did before on the earth while he liued and that all that refuse so to doe when after they dye by their naturall death or otherwise their soules to die with their bodies and to be dissolued into ayre and become nothing as doe the soules of Hogges Birds Fishes or other bruite beasts and that onely the other may enioy the priuiledge of immortalitie for euer to serue the King in heauen And of this false opinion commeth it that they which sowe corne or set rootes for the Kings bread and gather the same are accustomed to kill themselues that they may enioy this priuiledge in heauen and for the same purpose cause a portion of the graine of Maiz and a bundle of Iucca whereof their bread is made to be buried with them in their graues that the same may serue them in heauen if perhaps there should lacke seedes to sowe and therefore they take this with them to begin withall vntill Tuyra who maketh them all these faire promises prouide them of greater quantitie This haue I my selfe seene in the top of the Mountaines of Guaturo where hauing in prison the King of that Prouince who rebelled from the obedience of your Maiestie and demanding of him to whom pertained those S●pultures or graues which I saw in his house he answered that they were of certaine Indians which slew themselues at the death of his Father And because they are oftentimes accustomed to bury great quantities of wrought gold with

contayne euery way as much ground as a Crosse-bow can reach leuell it is made of stone with foure doores that abutteth vpon the three Cawseys and vpon another part of the Citie that hath no Cawsey but a faire street In the middest of this Quaderne standeth a mount of earth and stone square likewise and fiftie fathom long euery way built vpward like vnto a Pyramide of Egypt sauing the top is not sharpe but plaine and flat and ten fathom square vpon the West side were steps vp to the top in number an hundreth and fourteene which being so many high and made of good stone did seeme a beautifull thing It was a strange sight to behold the Priests some going vp and some downe with ceremonies or with men to be sacrificed Vpon the top of this Temple are two great Altars a good space distant the one from the other and so nigh the edge or brim of the wall that scarsly a man may goe behinde them at pleasure The one Altar standeth on the right hand and the other on the left they were but of fiue foot high each of them had the backe part made of stone painted with monstrous and foule figures the Chappell was faire and well wrought of Masons worke and timber euery Chappell had three lofts one aboue another sustayned vpon pillars and with the height thereof it shewed like vnto a faire Towre and beautified the Citie afarre off from thence a man may see all the Citie and Townes round about the Lake which was vndoubtedly a goodly prospect And because Cortes and his companie should see the beautie thereof Mutezuma brought him thither and shewed him all the order of the Temple euen from the foot to the top There was a certaine plot or space for the Idoll Priests to celebrate their seruice without disturbance of any Their generall prayers were made toward the rising of the Sunne Vpon each Altar standeth a great Idoll Beside this Towre that standeth vpon the Pyramide there are fourtie Towres great and small belonging to other little Temples which stand in the same circuit the which although they were of the same making yet their prospect was not Westward but other wayes because there should be a difference betwixt the great Temple and them Some of these Temples were bigger then others and euery one of a seuerall God among the which there was one round Temple dedicated to the God of the aire called Quecalcouatl for euen as the aire goeth round about the Heauens euen for that consideration they made his Temple round The entrance of that Temple had a doore made like vnto the mouth of a Serpent and was painted with foule and deuillish gestures with great teeth and gums wrought which was a thing to feare those that should enter in thereat and especially the Christians vnto whom it represented very Hell with that vgly face and monstrous teeth There were other Teucalles in the Citie that had the ascending vp by steps in three places all these Temples had houses by themselues with all seruice and Priests and particular Gods At euery doore of the great Temple standeth a large Hall and goodly Lodgings both high and low round about which houses were common Armories for the Citie for the force and strength of euery Towne is the Temple and therefore they haue there placed their store-house of munition They had other darke houses full of Idols great and small wrought of sundrie metals they are all bathed and washed with bloud and doe shew very blacke through their daily sprinkling and anointing them with the same when any man is sacrificed yea and the walls are an inch thicke with bloud and the ground is a foot thick of bloud so that there is a deuillish stinch The Priests or Ministers goe daily into those Oratories and suffer none others but great personages to enter in Yea and when any such goeth in they are bound to offer some man to bee sacrificed that those bloudie Hangmen and Ministers of the Deuill may wash their hands in bloud of those so sacrificed and to sprinkle their house therewith For their seruice in the Kitchin they haue a Pond of water that is filled once a yeere which is brought by conduit from the principall Fountaine All the residue of the foresaid circuit serueth for places to breede fowle with Gardens of herbs and sweet trees with Roses and flowers for the Altars Such so great and strange was this Temple of Mexico for the seruice of the Deuill who had deceiued those simple Indians There doth reside in the same Temple continually fiue thousand persons and all they are lodged and haue their liuing there for that Temple is maruellous rich and hath diuers Townes onely for their maintenance and reparation and are bound to sustaine the same alwayes on foot They doe sowe Corne and maintayne all those fiue thousand persons with bread fruit flesh fish and fire-wood as much as they neede for they spend more fire-wood then is spent in the Kings Court these persons doe liue at their hearts ease as seruants and vassals vnto the Gods The Gods of Mexico were two thousand in number as the Indians reported the chiefest were Vitzilopuchtli and Tezcatlipuca whose Images stood highest in the Temple vpon the Altars they were made of stone in full proportion as bigge as a Giant They were couered with a lawne called Nacar These Images were beset with pearles precious stones and pieces of gold wrought like birds beasts fishes and flowres adorned with Emeralds Turquies Calcedons and other little fine stones so that when the lawne Nacar was taken away the Images seemed very beautifull to behold The Image had for a girdle great Snakes of gold and for Collars and Chaines about their necks ten hearts of men made of gold and each of those Idols had a counterfait visard with eyes of glasse and in their necks death painted each of these things had their considerations and meanings These two Gods were brethren for Tezcatlipuca was the God of Prouidence and Vitzilopuchti God of the Warres who was worshipped and feared more then all the rest There was another God who had a great Image placed vpon the top of the Chappell of Idols and he was esteemed for a speciall and singular God aboue all the rest This God was made of all kinde of seedes that groweth in that Country and being ground they made a certaine paste tempered with Childrens bloud and Virgins sacrificed who were opened with their Rasors in the breasts and their hearts taken out to offer as first fruits vnto the Idoll The Priests and Ministers doe consecrate this Idoll with great pompe and many ceremonies All the Comarcans and Citizens are present at the consecration with great triumph and incredible deuotion After the consecration many deuout persons came and sticked in the dowie Image precious stones wedges of gold and other jewels After all this pompe ended