so_o by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o part_n the_o compound_n will_v cease_v which_o be_v plain_o inconsistent_a with_o that_o idea_n which_o we_o have_v of_o god_n who_o be_v simple_a in_o his_o nature_n independent_a and_o every_o way_n incorruptible_a the_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o one_o and_o without_o its_o like_a in_o its_o essence_n but_o also_o one_o sole_z and_o without_o a_o second_o in_o that_o action_n by_o which_o the_o world_n be_v produce_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n this_o action_n be_v call_v creation_n suppose_v nothing_o but_o mere_a nothing_o out_o of_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v by_o the_o only_a power_n of_o god_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o have_v either_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o agent_n or_o a_o subject_n the_o world_n be_v produce_v by_o this_o first_o cause_n remain_v subject_a to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o it_o and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o this_o first_o cause_n so_o it_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o same_o state_n by_o the_o sole_a influence_n of_o the_o same_o cause_n who_o as_o it_o do_v not_o want_v any_o other_o second_o cause_n in_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o any_o assistance_n in_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o be_v and_o nothing_o be_v so_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o that_o the_o philosopher_n always_o have_v it_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o out_o of_o nothing_o nothing_o can_v be_v make_v which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o in_o reference_n to_o second_o cause_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o who_o power_n be_v infinite_a and_o who_o can_v do_v what_o he_o please_v this_o power_n in_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n be_v not_o apply_v according_a to_o the_o extensiveness_n of_o its_o activity_n because_o it_o please_v god_n to_o terminate_v the_o be_v quality_n and_o number_n of_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v create_v the_o creation_n be_v no_o necessary_a action_n for_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v not_o create_v the_o world_n but_o at_o such_o a_o time_n in_o such_o a_o place_n and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o seem_v good_a to_o itself_o so_o it_o make_v all_o those_o thing_n with_o the_o high_a liberty_n there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n either_o equal_a or_o superior_a to_o itself_o who_o be_v able_a to_o compel_v persuade_v animate_v or_o incite_v it_o to_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n the_o world_n itself_o can_v not_o terminate_v a_o necessary_a action_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v eternal_a for_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o necessity_n be_v eternal_a neither_o have_v it_o ever_o a_o beginning_n nor_o can_v it_o have_v a_o end_n because_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o create_v be_v which_o be_v limit_v in_o its_o quality_n and_o duration_n no_o less_o than_o in_o its_o natural_a substance_n if_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v free_a in_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v make_v by_o direction_n of_o reason_n and_o understanding_n and_o by_o consequence_n according_a to_o a_o certain_a idea_n and_o rule_n but_o because_o the_o first_o cause_n operate_v after_o a_o independent_a manner_n it_o can_v not_o have_v the_o type_n of_o its_o production_n any_o where_o else_o but_o from_o itself_o neither_o can_v it_o act_v by_o a_o rule_n distinct_a from_o its_o own_o be_v so_o god_n be_v not_o only_o the_o efficient_a but_o the_o exemplary_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v god_n be_v the_o final_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o when_o he_o as_o a_o intelligent_a and_o free_a cause_n produce_v the_o world_n he_o do_v propose_v to_o himself_o a_o end_n answerable_a to_o his_o dignity_n that_o be_v himself_o and_o his_o own_o proper_a glory_n so_o that_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v necessary_o the_o ultimate_a end_n of_o all_o its_o effect_n chap._n iu._n of_o second_o cause_n and_o their_o action_n all_o creature_n be_v call_v second_o cause_n because_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o neither_o do_v they_o operate_v but_o by_o the_o command_n and_o impression_n of_o the_o first_o this_o first_o or_o universal_a cause_n do_v act_v uuniversal_o with_o particular_a cause_n but_o after_o a_o manner_n agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o particular_a thing_n and_o according_a to_o the_o power_n which_o be_v give_v it_o when_o it_o be_v create_v which_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n nor_o the_o necessity_n or_o liberty_n of_o their_o action_n this_o power_n of_o act_v which_o be_v grant_v to_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o a_o quality_n different_a from_o their_o nature_n and_o be_v so_o the_o power_n which_o the_o atom_n have_v of_o move_v themselves_o do_v not_o differ_v from_o the_o atom_n themselves_o the_o power_n of_o burn_v or_o heat_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o the_o fire_n to_o which_o it_o be_v inherent_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o conceive_a thing_n and_o of_o speak_v of_o they_o according_a to_o our_o conception_n so_o it_o be_v of_o a_o action_n which_o terminate_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n and_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o than_o a_o certain_a relation_n or_o a_o actual_a subordination_n which_o be_v find_v betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n this_o action_n be_v never_o without_o motion_n or_o to_o say_v better_o action_n and_o motion_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n thence_o it_o be_v that_o a_o thing_n rest_v when_o it_o be_v without_o action_n and_o then_o it_o begin_v to_o move_v itself_o when_o it_o begin_v action_n so_o according_a to_o three_o way_n of_o act_v there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n three_o kind_n of_o motion_n the_o first_o be_v make_v without_o sense_n or_o reason_n which_o we_o may_v see_v in_o stone_n metal_n plant_n and_o the_o heaven_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v make_v by_o sense_n and_o knowledge_n as_o be_v see_v in_o all_o live_a creature_n the_o three_o kind_n join_v reason_n to_o sense_n as_o we_o observe_v in_o man_n act_v by_o fancy_n who_o propose_v a_o end_n to_o himself_o distinguish_v between_o good_a and_o evil_a and_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o prosecute_a the_o several_a object_n present_v to_o his_o view_n either_o with_o love_n or_o hatred_n as_o a_o action_n be_v not_o indeed_o distinct_a from_o the_o cause_n act_v nor_o from_o the_o effect_n which_o it_o do_v produce_v so_o motion_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o from_o the_o thing_n which_o move_v it_o but_o both_o of_o they_o be_v according_o as_o they_o change_v their_o condition_n or_o cease_v to_o rest_v which_o from_o the_o creation_n be_v never_o do_v without_o a_o certain_a local_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a or_o some_o part_n thereof_o so_o the_o notion_n of_o rest_n be_v opposite_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o mutation_n and_o action_n as_o well_o as_o motion_n chap._n v._o of_o accidental_a cause_n there_o be_v many_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v accidental_a cause_n for_o proper_o speak_v they_o be_v not_o true_a cause_n which_o sort_n of_o cause_n happen_v four_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o a_o musician_n draw_v a_o picture_n not_o as_o he_o be_v a_o musician_n but_o as_o a_o painter_n so_o that_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o work_n and_o as_o the_o art_n of_o sing_v contribute_v nothing_o here_o since_o it_o fall_v out_o by_o chance_n that_o the_o art_n of_o sing_v and_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v meet_v together_o in_o this_o man_n and_o since_o the_o art_n of_o sing_v be_v no_o way_n requisite_a for_o the_o make_n of_o the_o picture_n in_o this_o respect_n we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o musician_n be_v only_o a_o accidental_a cause_n of_o the_o picture_n which_o he_o have_v draw_v second_o a_o remote_a or_o indirect_a cause_n be_v call_v a_o accidental_a cause_n as_o when_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o darkness_n because_o darkness_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n mirth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o sadness_n and_o peace_n arise_v from_o war_n as_o a_o man_n endeavour_v to_o save_v his_o friend_n who_o life_n be_v in_o danger_n and_o thereby_o unwilling_o expose_v he_o to_o a_o certain_a death_n be_v the_o indirect_a or_o accidental_a cause_n of_o his_o death_n as_o he_o who_o persuade_v his_o friend_n to_o cross_v the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o be_v cast_v away_o three_o a_o opposite_a cause_n which_o produce_v a_o effect_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o it_o ought_v to_o produce_v be_v a_o accidental_a cause_n as_o it_o be_v with_o the_o subject_n of_o such_o
a_o new_a treatise_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n free_v from_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o school_n adorn_v with_o many_o curious_a experiment_n both_o medicinal_a and_o chemical_a as_o also_o with_o several_a observation_n useful_a for_o the_o health_n of_o the_o body_n london_n print_v by_o r._n e._n for_o j._n hindmarsh_n at_o the_o golden-ball_n over_o against_o the_o royal._n exchange_n in_o cornhill_n 1687._o license_v october_n 28._o 1686._o robert_n midgley_n index_n the_o first_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o of_o its_o essence_n and_o difference_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n iii_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n iu._n of_o second_o cause_n and_o their_o action_n chap._n v._o of_o accidental_a cause_n chap._n vi_o of_o sympathy_n antipathy_n and_o the_o effect_n depend_v thereupon_o chap._n vii_o experiment_n about_o iron_n and_o the_o loadstone_n chap._n viii_o a_o explication_n of_o many_o other_o effect_n which_o be_v common_o attribute_v to_o sympathy_n chap._n ix_o of_o portative_a remedy_n common_o call_v annulet_n of_o quicksilver_n gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n chap._n x._o of_o natural_a phoenomenas_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o antipathy_n chap._n xi_o of_o emetic_n sudorifick_v and_o specific_v chap._n xii_o of_o poison_n and_o toxick_n chap._n xiii_o of_o sublimate_n arsenic_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o poison_n and_o their_o deadly_a effect_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o antidote_n chap._n xv._n of_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o our_o disease_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o health_n chap._n xvii_o of_o formal_a exemplary_a and_o material_a cause_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o first_o matter_n chap._n xix_o of_o atom_n and_o their_o nature_n chap._n xx._n the_o property_n magnitude_n figure_n weight_n and_o motion_n of_o atom_n chap._n xxi_o the_o difficulty_n arise_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o atom_n chap._n xxii_o of_o a_o disseminate_a congregate_v and_o separate_a vacuum_n according_a to_o gassendus_fw-la chap._n xxiii_o of_o a_o congregate_v vacuum_n against_o aristotle_n and_o cartesius_n the_o second_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o celestial_a world_n and_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o man._n chap._n i._o of_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o be_v without_o the_o heaven_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o heaven_n and_o their_o nature_n chap._n iii_o of_o star_n and_o their_o substance_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n of_o star_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n vi_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n examine_v chap._n vii_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o copernicus_n examine_v chap._n viii_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o sun_n the_o true_a centre_n and_o heart_n of_o the_o world._n chap._n x._o of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o change_n chap._n xi_o of_o planet_n comet_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n chap._n xii_o of_o meteor_n in_o the_o air._n chap._n xiii_o of_o wind_n tempest_n and_o whirlwind_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o thunder_n lightning_z and_o the_o thunderbolt_n chap._n xv._n of_o aurum-fulminans_a which_o imitate_v thunder_n chap._n xvi_o of_o hail_n snow_n frost_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o rainbow_n halones_n and_o parrhelis_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o air_n its_o substance_n and_o quality_n the_o three_o part_n of_o physic_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v beneath_o man_n viz._n of_o the_o earth_n and_o terrestrial_a thing_n which_o be_v call_v inanimate_a chap._n i._o of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o terrestrial_a inanimate_a body_n in_o general_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o various_a quality_n observe_v in_o compound_v body_n chap._n iu._n of_o special_a quality_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o body_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o quantity_n weight_n and_o figure_n of_o compound_v body_n chap._n vi_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o natural_a artificial_a and_o compound_v body_n chap._n vii_o of_o metal_n and_o their_o formation_n chap._n viii_o of_o gold_n the_o king_n of_o metal_n chap._n ix_o of_o silver_n copper_n and_o other_o imperfect_a metal_n chap._n x._o of_o lead_n tin_n and_o iron_n chap._n xi_o of_o quicksilver_n arbour_n diana_n or_o the_o silver_n tree_n chap._n xii_o of_o mineral_n chap._n xiii_o of_o salt_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o subterranean_a fire_n aend_v earthquake_n chap._n xv._n of_o water_n and_o their_o difference_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o sea_n its_o ebb_a and_o flow_v and_o of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n chap._n xvii_o of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n the_o four_o part_n of_o physic_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o man_n and_o of_o man_n himself_o as_o he_o be_v a_o compound_v physical_a and_o animate_v body_n chap._n i._o of_o life_n in_o general_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o life_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o vegetative_a life_n common_a to_o man_n and_o plant_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o nature_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o propagation_n chap._n v._o of_o nutrition_n which_o be_v common_a to_o plant_n and_o brute_n as_o well_o as_o man._n chap._n vi_o how_o and_o with_o what_o food_n a_o embryo_n be_v nourish_v in_o the_o womb_n till_o the_o time_n of_o its_o nativity_n chap._n vii_o how_o a_o man_n be_v nourish_v after_o he_o be_v born._n chap._n viii_o the_o sensitive_a life_n of_o man_n and_o other_o animal_n chap._n ix_o of_o see_v its_o organ_n and_o object_n viz._n light._n chap._n x._o how_n illustrate_v object_n be_v visible_a chap._n xi_o of_o hear_v its_o organ_n and_o object_n chap._n xii_o particular_a question_n about_o hear_v chap._n xiii_o smell_a its_o organ_n and_o object_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o taste_n and_o its_o object_n chap._n xv._n of_o feel_v chap._n xvi_o of_o speech_n the_o pulse_n and_o breathe_v of_o man._n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o irregular_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o animal_n and_o in_o fever_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood._n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o inward_a sense_n and_o the_o inferior_a appetite_n chap._n xxi_o of_o sleep_n want_v of_o rest_n and_o death_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o death_n of_o brute_n plant_n and_o metal_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o rational_a soul_n and_o its_o power_n natural_a philosophy_n or_o natural_a science_n free_v from_o the_o intricacy_n of_o the_o school_n the_o desire_n of_o knowledge_n be_v natural_a to_o man_n curiosity_n be_v inseparable_a from_o his_o spirit_n neither_o be_v he_o ever_o at_o rest_n until_o he_o have_v attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v until_o he_o become_v a_o wise_a man._n science_n be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n by_o their_o cause_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o man_n wise_a who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o original_a principle_n and_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n occur_v to_o he_o and_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n in_o this_o life_n to_o attain_v to_o a_o clear_a distinct_a and_o a_o undubitable_a knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o be_v absolute_o wise_a those_o who_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v wise_a and_o excellent_a philosopher_n have_v obtain_v that_o pre-eminence_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v less_o ignorant_a than_o other_o science_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o man_n condition_n and_o profession_n the_o noble_a man_n be_v conversant_a and_o wise_a in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n the_o physician_n in_o the_o precept_n of_o medicine_n and_o the_o advocate_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n and_o right_n but_o all_o these_o science_n nay_o theology_n itself_o can_v subsist_v without_o philosophy_n especial_o without_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v physic_n or_o natural_a science_n the_o first_o part_n of_o physic_n wherein_o be_v treat_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n by_o nature_n be_v understand_v the_o universe_n compose_v of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o all_o that_o be_v find_v between_o both_o this_o be_v the_o object_n of_o physic_n this_o every_o natural_a philosopher_n ought_v to_o know_v and_o because_o this_o knowledge_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o know_v the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o thing_n hence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o natural_a philosopher_n ought_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o principle_n and_o cause_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o world._n i_o shall_v not_o examine_v here_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o principle_n for_o every_o principle_n after_o its_o manner_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o that_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v the_o principle_n and_o no_o man_n
moreover_o a_o separate_a vacuum_n that_o be_v a_o space_n beyond_o the_o world_n which_o some_o do_v call_v a_o imaginary_a space_n in_o which_o god_n have_v not_o indeed_o produce_v but_o nevertheless_o can_v produce_v something_o of_o this_o we_o will_v speak_v in_o the_o second_o part_n which_o we_o now_o begin_v the_o second_o part_n of_o physic_n in_o which_o be_v treat_v of_o celestial_a thing_n which_o happen_v above_o man._n the_o world_n in_o general_n be_v a_o theatre_n of_o the_o wonderful_a thing_n of_o god_n and_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v produce_v whereof_o the_o world_n be_v the_o low_a and_o least_o noble_a but_o the_o heaven_n the_o most_o high_a and_o the_o most_o noble_a we_o do_v now_o here_o propose_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o celestial_a world_n and_o of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o we_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o immense_a space_n which_o be_v without_o the_o heaven_n descartes_n have_v absolute_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o space_n without_o the_o heaven_n because_o all_o be_v full_a of_o matter_n and_o that_o the_o world_n be_v not_o encompass_v about_o with_o bound_n and_o limit_n by_o way_n of_o a_o circumference_n aristotle_n and_o his_o follower_n affirm_v that_o the_o world_n be_v bound_v by_o the_o exterior_a and_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o beyond_o that_o there_o be_v void_a and_o imaginary_a space_n in_o which_o there_o be_v nothing_o real_a gassendus_fw-la and_o his_o disciple_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n concern_v the_o limit_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n but_o he_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v imaginary_a space_n without_o the_o heaven_n and_o he_o say_v indeed_o that_o they_o be_v vacuum_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o that_o they_o be_v real_a and_o this_o be_v it_o which_o he_o call_v a_o separate_a vacuum_n the_o opinion_n of_o renatus_n descartes_n be_v intolerable_a because_o the_o world_n be_v limit_v in_o its_o be_v as_o well_o as_o in_o its_o duration_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o fluid_a space_n or_o by_o time_n it_o be_v therefore_o limit_v in_o respect_n of_o place_n which_o be_v a_o permanent_a space_n which_o it_o possess_v even_o to_o the_o circumference_n that_o be_v to_o the_o convex_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n otherwise_o the_o world_n will_v be_v infinite_a and_o absolute_o immensurable_a in_o its_o extension_n and_o indeed_o if_o the_o world_n have_v not_o limit_n in_o respect_n of_o time_n or_o that_o the_o instant_n wherein_o it_o begin_v can_v not_o be_v find_v out_o it_o will_v be_v eternal_a in_o like_a manner_n if_o we_o acknowledge_v no_o end_n of_o the_o world_n extension_n we_o may_v say_v it_o be_v immensurable_a but_o if_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v immense_a and_o indefinite_a as_o descartes_n will_v have_v it_o if_o it_o have_v neither_o figure_n nor_o extreme_a part_n it_o must_v evident_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v infinite_a for_o that_o which_o in_o all_o its_o part_n be_v real_a or_o have_v any_o part_n which_o we_o can_v count_v its_o last_o be_v absolute_o and_o actual_o infinite_a in_o its_o extension_n but_o if_o descartes_n will_v play_v with_o the_o word_n indefinite_a and_o say_v indeed_o that_o the_o world_n be_v indefinite_a because_o it_o have_v no_o end_n in_o its_o extension_n but_o yet_o from_o thence_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v infinite_a i_o will_v ask_v he_o to_o tell_v i_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o infinite_a line_n and_o a_o indefinite_a one_o and_o also_o between_o the_o immensity_n of_o god_n and_o the_o indefiniteness_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o the_o world_n be_v indefinite_a the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o it_o that_o trismegistus_n say_v of_o god_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o have_v neither_o centre_n nor_o circumference_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o world_n occupies_n all_o space_n and_o that_o it_o be_v immovable_a nor_o can_v it_o be_v move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n and_o that_o god_n can_v create_v another_o world_n without_o destroy_v this_o because_o there_o be_v no_o room_n in_o which_o god_n almighty_a may_v place_v it_o all_o which_o consequence_n be_v inevitable_a and_o the_o principle_n of_o it_o more_o than_o rash_a the_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o the_o former_a which_o be_v gassendus_n and_o which_o we_o embrace_v be_v more_o firm_a and_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n for_o it_o teach_v that_o this_o world_n be_v limit_v in_o respect_n of_o place_n and_o that_o it_o have_v both_o a_o circumference_n as_o well_o as_o a_o centre_n beyond_o which_o there_o be_v void_a space_n in_o which_o god_n almighty_a can_v produce_v another_o or_o more_o world_n great_a or_o equal_a to_o this_o of_o we_o wherein_o we_o dwell_v if_o he_o please_v from_o this_o most_o true_a opinion_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o god_n fill_v by_o his_o immensity_n all_o infinite_a space_n and_o that_o he_o be_v real_o in_o they_o and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o way_n limit_v by_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o that_o he_o can_v there_o produce_v another_o world_n remote_a from_o this_o of_o we_o and_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n this_o distance_n or_o that_o interval_n will_v have_v its_o dimension_n although_o void_a and_o immaterial_a yet_o mensurable_a from_o thence_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o since_o space_n be_v as_o indeed_o it_o be_v immutable_a and_o immovable_a it_o be_v the_o proper_a place_n of_o body_n actual_o or_o potential_o as_o they_o do_v or_o do_v not_o exist_v for_o if_o a_o body_n be_v in_o it_o the_o space_n be_v fill_v otherwise_o there_o be_v a_o vacuum_n as_o we_o suppose_v beyond_o the_o heaven_n where_o there_o be_v no_o body_n so_o that_o i_o say_v that_o the_o place_n and_o extension_n of_o body_n be_v a_o permanent_a space_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o time_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o thing_n be_v a_o fluid_a space_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o heaven_n and_o their_o nature_n all_z that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o heaven_n and_o their_o nature_n relate_v to_o their_o substance_n figure_n number_n and_o motion_n the_o substance_n of_o they_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o inferior_a world_n for_o there_o be_v not_o two_o sort_n of_o matter_n essential_o distinct_a and_o all_o material_a body_n be_v equal_o solid_a and_o impenetrable_a in_o that_o the_o essence_n of_o matter_n consist_v and_o although_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o difference_n between_o terrestrial_a and_o celestial_a matter_n it_o can_v yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v thence_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o several_a nature_n because_o all_o the_o diversity_n proceed_v from_o this_o that_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o celestial_a matter_n be_v more_o subtle_a than_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n and_o more_o exact_a more_o movable_a and_o more_o perfect_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o figure_n and_o the_o more_o perfect_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o and_o their_o mass_n better_o unite_v and_o last_o the_o whole_a body_n more_o complete_a this_o doctrine_n may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o example_n of_o letter_n for_o those_o which_o compose_v a_o word_n and_o which_o be_v accurate_o delineate_v and_o write_v do_v not_o differ_v from_o those_o which_o compose_v the_o same_o word_n and_o be_v ill_o delineate_v and_o write_v the_o first_o nevertheless_o be_v better_a more_o exact_a and_o more_o elegant_o form_v which_o happen_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o hand_n which_o make_v they_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o pen_n or_o ink_n or_o the_o design_n of_o the_o writer_n who_o make_v long_o or_o round_a or_o after_o any_o fashion_n he_o please_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o heaven_n which_o declare_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n differ_v as_o much_o from_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o print_a book_n from_o a_o manuscript_n atom_n like_o letter_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o which_o although_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o author_n do_v not_o agree_v in_o their_o figure_n and_o shape_n because_o almighty_a god_n will_v have_v it_o so_o in_o order_n to_o the_o fairness_n and_o beauty_n of_o the_o world._n the_o figure_n of_o the_o heaven_n appear_v round_o to_o we_o this_o figure_n be_v most_o perfect_a and_o therefore_o account_v most_o fit_a for_o motion_n and_o nothing_o persuade_v we_o to_o affirm_v the_o contrary_a but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n all_o thing_n persuade_v we_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v round_o since_o it_o encompass_n the_o earth_n which_o be_v round_o and_o since_o we_o observe_v the_o star_n to_o have_v their_o nocturnal_a rise_n and_o set_v which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o round_a the_o number_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v easy_o be_v find_v out_o there_o be_v some_o who_o say_v there_o be_v eleven_o other_o reckon_v nine_o but_o the_o great_a
part_n conclude_v that_o there_o be_v only_o three_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o heaven_n of_o the_o planet_n which_o they_o say_v be_v whole_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o swim_v like_o fish_n in_o the_o water_n the_o next_o that_o follow_v according_a to_o this_o opinion_n be_v the_o firmament_n altogether_o solid_a where_o all_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v place_v like_o so_o many_o golden_a nail_n or_o diamond_n set_v in_o blue_n but_o the_o three_o be_v the_o imperial_a heaven_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o happy_a partly_o solid_a and_o partly_o fluid_a because_o the_o bless_a body_n ought_v to_o dwell_v in_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v move_v and_o free_o breathe_v the_o air_n of_o paradise_n this_o opinion_n seem_v the_o rather_o to_o be_v embrace_v by_o i_o because_o it_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n wherein_o we_o read_v that_o the_o apostle_n paul_n be_v rapt_v up_o into_o the_o three_o heaven_n whereupon_o from_o thence_o he_o testify_v that_o he_o be_v lift_v up_o into_o paradise_n last_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v uncertain_a for_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o planet_n or_o at_o least_o the_o planet_n themselves_o be_v move_v about_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o the_o firmament_n with_o the_o fix_a star_n but_o other_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o firmament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v immovable_a and_o the_o planet_n together_o with_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v a_o seven_o planet_n be_v wheel_v about_o the_o sun._n this_o we_o examine_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o star_n and_o their_o substance_n as_o metal_n and_o stone_n be_v the_o ornament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a world_n so_o be_v star_n of_o the_o celestial_a some_o of_o which_o be_v call_v fix_v star_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o place_n other_o wander_a star_n or_o planet_n always_o change_v place_n and_o in_o their_o reciprocal_a conjunction_n and_o opposition_n come_v near_o or_o go_v further_o of_o the_o first_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o firmament_n or_o starry_a heaven_n the_o other_o to_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o planet_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o planet_n be_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n with_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n for_o there_o be_v not_o two_o first_o matter_n but_o there_o be_v many_o difference_n to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o compound_n of_o the_o first_o between_o these_o compound_n there_o be_v degree_n of_o nobility_n even_o as_o we_o see_v upon_o earth_n that_o gold_n be_v more_o noble_a more_o perfect_a and_o more_o precious_a than_o silver_n silver_n than_o other_o mettaline_a body_n ruby_n and_o diamond_n than_o other_o precious_a stone_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n where_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o the_o planet_n and_o each_o star_n have_v its_o particular_a splendour_n which_o do_v not_o happen_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o matter_n but_o from_o its_o depuration_n which_o consequential_o arise_v from_o its_o distance_n from_o terrestrial_a and_o opake_v body_n how_o many_o different_a picture_n can_v one_o and_o the_o same_o painter_n make_v out_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n only_o by_o a_o different_a disposition_n of_o they_o how_o many_o different_a sort_n of_o book_n can_v there_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o same_o syllable_n and_o word_n by_o transpose_v of_o they_o what_o then_o hinder_v but_o that_o we_o may_v grant_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n power_n to_o make_v out_o of_o so_o many_o atom_n diverse_o dispose_v so_o many_o body_n differ_v in_o elegancy_n and_o clarity_n as_o be_v the_o star_n or_o planet_n the_o matter_n therefore_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o dirt_n under_o our_o foot_n and_o the_o star_n above_o we_o whereupon_o a_o certain_a ancient_n and_o eminent_a philosopher_n say_v that_o the_o thing_n above_o be_v like_o the_o thing_n below_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_n and_o we_o know_v very_o well_o that_o gold_n as_o precious_a and_o beautiful_a as_o it_o be_v be_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n with_o lead_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o requisite_a to_o the_o make_n of_o gold_n beside_o the_o depuration_n of_o the_o atom_n which_o be_v its_o first_o matter_n i_o do_v here_o endeavour_v to_o deliver_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o star_n upon_o a_o experiment_n ground_v upon_o melt_a metal_n and_o yet_o flow_v in_o the_o crusible_a for_o gold_n fall_v into_o aquafortis_n be_v like_o a_o black_a powder_n silver_n dissolve_v with_o the_o same_o aquafortis_n and_o precipitate_v by_o sea_n water_n or_o separate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o copper-plate_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o calx_fw-la or_o white_a or_o greyish_a earth_n tin_n calcine_v become_v yellow_a like_o ochre_n likewise_o lead_v calcine_v become_v yellow_a white_a black_a and_o red_a as_o we_o will_v copper_n be_v turn_v into_o verdigrease_n or_o into_o a_o yellow_a and_o red_a powder_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n iron_n into_o a_o red_a powder_n call_v crocus_n martis_n where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o appear_v how_o compound_v body_n become_v different_a and_o vary_v without_o the_o change_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n by_o a_o only_a separation_n and_o division_n of_o their_o part_n corpuscle_n or_o atom_n yet_o if_o you_o take_v these_o metal_n so_o calcine_v each_o by_o itself_o and_o put_v they_o into_o a_o crusible_a in_o a_o melt_a furnace_n with_o a_o strong_a fire_n this_o powder_n will_v return_v into_o metal_n again_o and_o shine_v and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n you_o see_v then_o that_o the_o same_o matter_n be_v in_o a_o threefold_a different_a state_n for_o be_v a_o solid_a body_n it_o be_v afterward_o reduce_v to_o a_o powder_n and_o then_o again_o it_o be_v turn_v into_o a_o fluid_a matter_n melt_v and_o sparkle_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o this_o be_v the_o thing_n from_o whence_o i_o frame_v the_o idea_n which_o i_o promise_v concern_v the_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o planet_n for_o nothing_o better_o represent_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o its_o substance_n than_o melt_v gold_n flow_v in_o a_o great_a crusible_a nor_o nothing_o better_a represent_v the_o fix_a star_n than_o the_o same_o gold_n melt_v in_o lesser_a crusibles_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o like_o the_o moon_n than_o silver_n melt_v in_o a_o crusible_a the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o lead_n in_o respect_n of_o saturn_n and_o of_o tin_n in_o respect_n of_o jupiter_n and_o of_o copper_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o bright_a and_o sparkle_a venus_n so_o also_o iron_n melt_v with_o the_o matter_n which_o flux_n it_o leave_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o planet_n mars_n yet_o without_o this_o mineral_n which_o flux_n it_o better_o show_v its_o refulgent_a redness_n so_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v like_o melt_a gold_n and_o the_o moon_n like_o melt_a silver_n and_o so_o of_o saturn_n and_o the_o rest_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o their_o figure_n since_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o star_n be_v like_v melt_v metal_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o conclude_v that_o the_o same_o be_v likewise_o round_o because_o a_o melt_a metal_n be_v always_o round_o unless_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o mould_n in_o which_o it_o be_v cast_v or_o by_o the_o crusible_a in_o which_o it_o be_v melt_v and_o since_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o compel_v star_n to_o assume_v another_o figure_n than_o that_o which_o be_v natural_a to_o they_o and_o which_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a of_o all_o figure_n which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o first_o matter_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n we_o ought_v to_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v round_o as_o to_o their_o magnitude_n astronomer_n represent_v they_o to_o be_v immeasurable_a and_o they_o take_v their_o hypothesis_n from_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o optic_n and_o from_o the_o experience_n of_o those_o great_a optic_a tube_n the_o invention_n of_o which_o be_v attribute_v to_o campanella_n but_o the_o restoration_n and_o improvement_n of_o they_o to_o anthony_n de_fw-fr reïta_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o book_n entitle_v oculus_fw-la enoch_n &_o eliae_n the_o sun_n be_v common_o take_v to_o be_v a_o hundreed_n and_o sixty_o and_o six_o time_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v three_o time_n as_o big_a as_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o other_o star_n be_v some_o big_a and_o some_o lesser_a i_o will_v not_o dwell_v long_o upon_o a_o matter_n so_o far_o above_o we_o especial_o when_o i_o consider_v the_o weakness_n of_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o astronomer_n tell_v we_o concern_v they_o and_o the_o dissension_n which_o be_v among_o the_o most_o learned_a about_o they_o epicurus_n be_v quite_o of_o another_o
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of_o its_o circumference_n complete_v each_o hour_n more_o than_o forty_o time_n a_o hundred_o thousand_o mile_n which_o be_v incredible_a to_o all_o these_o i_o add_v another_o difficulty_n which_o i_o have_v concern_v this_o opinion_n in_o explain_v the_o manner_n and_o the_o little_a hook_n by_o which_o the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n carry_v the_o inferior_a orb_n along_o with_o it_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o that_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o planet_n go_v to_o this_o pole_n but_o come_v back_o from_o the_o other_o and_o then_o at_o last_o return_n to_o their_o first_o point_n by_o the_o sole_a collibration_n or_o balance_v of_o the_o nine_o heaven_n or_o crystalline_a to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o ptolemy_n have_v affirm_v then_o neither_o aristotle_n nor_o tyco_n brach_n with_o his_o epicycle_n and_o excentricity_n will_v be_v able_a to_o take_v away_o these_o difficulty_n or_o avoid_v horrible_a confusion_n last_o these_o philosopher_n can_v not_o explicate_v the_o regular_a or_o irregular_a motion_n of_o comet_n unless_o by_o appoint_v angel_n to_o guide_v they_o which_o be_v ridiculous_a chap._n vii_o copernicus_n system_n of_o the_o world_n examine_v this_o philosopher_n and_o many_o other_o modern_a one_o have_v build_v system_n of_o the_o world_n after_o another_o manner_n for_o they_o place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n and_o will_v have_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o other_o planet_n to_o wheel_n round_o it_o as_o we_o have_v say_v heretofore_o this_o system_n will_v be_v sufficient_o enough_o confirm_v by_o refute_v of_o that_o which_o ptolemy_n aristotle_n and_o their_o follower_n have_v frame_v but_o only_o this_o likewise_o labour_n under_o its_o peculiar_a difficulty_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v the_o experience_n of_o our_o sense_n which_o seem_v altogether_o repugnant_a to_o this_o system_n for_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n we_o must_v conclude_v 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firmament_n and_o the_o pole_n and_o sometime_o far_o off_o and_o than_o that_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o fix_a star_n especial_o the_o pole_n star_n must_v sometime_o appear_v big_a sometime_o lesser_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n but_o they_o who_o defend_v this_o opinion_n make_v answer_n that_o the_o mighty_a distance_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o this_o difference_n be_v not_o observe_v but_o indeed_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o i_o shall_v explain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o objection_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o no_o moment_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n copernicus_n attribute_n to_o the_o earth_n three_o motion_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v call_v diurnal_a by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v about_o its_o axis_n as_o a_o wheel_n from_o west_n to_o east_n when_o as_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n another_o motion_n be_v 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and_o the_o three_o other_o much_o great_a although_o according_a to_o their_o opinion_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o mile_n but_o its_o circumference_n seven_o thousand_o mile_n include_v the_o water_n which_o together_o with_o the_o earth_n make_v up_o one_o globe_n comet_n according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v planet_n or_o star_n produce_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la from_o exhalation_n by_o which_o say_v this_o philosopher_n be_v compel_v to_o place_v all_o comet_n under_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o error_n by_o the_o experience_n of_o a_o great_a many_o comet_n which_o have_v appear_v above_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o sun_n too_o whither_o exhalation_n from_o the_o earth_n can_v never_o reach_v all_o the_o time_n of_o their_o continuance_n they_o have_v a_o regular_a motion_n for_o the_o explication_n of_o which_o aristotle_n can_v never_o assign_v they_o a_o intelligence_n to_o guide_v they_o seneca_n the_o ancient_n and_o 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to_o himself_o like_o a_o great_a circle_n of_o water_n congeal_v in_o the_o form_n of_o crystal_n but_o according_a to_o my_o forego_n hypotehsis_n i_o have_v rather_o say_v that_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v like_o so_o many_o round_a hole_n or_o ring_n furnish_v with_o so_o many_o large_a diamond_n or_o carbuncle_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o medium_fw-la or_o vehicle_n to_o the_o light_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o empyrial_a heaven_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o chap._n xii_o of_o meteor_n in_o the_o air._n aristotle_n have_v constitute_v two_o sort_n of_o body_n to_o wit_n simple_a and_o mix_v he_o place_v meteor_n under_o these_o latter_a but_o he_o call_v they_o imperfect_a mix_a body_n because_o he_o do_v believe_v they_o not_o to_o have_v a_o substantial_a form_n as_o perfect_a body_n have_v nor_o to_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o generation_n this_o doctrine_n be_v contrary_a to_o our_o principle_n for_o we_o say_v that_o those_o meteor_n which_o we_o see_v in_o 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for_o their_o matter_n for_o from_o the_o vapour_n of_o water_n and_o the_o subtle_a particle_n of_o earth_n together_o with_o the_o air_n with_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v up_o cloud_n be_v form_v which_o be_v sometime_o so_o thick_a that_o they_o rob_v we_o of_o the_o sun_n light_n which_o happen_v when_o more_o of_o earth_n than_o of_o air_n or_o water_n go_v into_o their_o composition_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n sometime_o they_o be_v so_o subtle_a that_o they_o can_v hardly_o or_o not_o at_o all_o be_v see_v by_o we_o which_o happen_v when_o air_n obtain_v the_o chief_a place_n in_o their_o composition_n for_o in_o a_o word_n cloud_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o congregation_n and_o mixture_n of_o corpuscle_n or_o little_a body_n of_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n which_o be_v the_o proximate_a matter_n of_o they_o the_o vortex_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v the_o three_o concur_v cause_n of_o their_o mixtion_n and_o elevation_n 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valentinus_n speak_v of_o and_o from_o hence_o all_o vegetable_n bud_n and_o increase_v the_o curious_a enquirer_n into_o nature_n may_v try_v whether_o i_o speak_v truth_n or_o no_o and_o whether_o they_o may_v not_o find_v a_o salt_n as_o white_a as_o sugar_n if_o they_o take_v away_o by_o distillation_n the_o unprofitable_a part_n with_o which_o it_o be_v involve_v dew_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o rain_n only_o it_o be_v more_o pure_a more_o subtle_a and_o more_o fruitful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n which_o chief_o enjoy_v it_o viz._n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinox_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v near_o to_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v when_o the_o earth_n pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la wherefore_o at_o that_o time_n it_o receive_v and_o carry_v along_o with_o it_o a_o great_a number_n of_o solar_n corpuscle_n depurate_v by_o his_o motion_n than_o rain_n or_o dew_n itself_o that_o fall_v at_o other_o time_n dew_n 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