of the fiercest of them broke the things wherein he was tyed and leaping amongst the company he with his paws threw to the ground a Girl of some twelve years old and taking her head in his mouth with his teeth wounded the musculous skin in many places yet hurt not the Skull She scarse at length delivered by the Master of the Lyons from the jaws of Death and the Lyon was committed to the cure of Rowland Claret Chirurgeon who was there present by chance at the same time some few days after I was called to visit her she was in a Feaver her head shoulders brest and all the places where the Lyon had set his teeth or nails were swoln all the edges of the wound were livid and did flow with a waterish acrid virulent cadaverous dark green and stinking matter so that I could scarse indure the smell thereof she was also opprest with pricking biting and very great pain which I observing that old saying came into my mind The bitings of man and beasts are venenate which is That all wounds made by the bitings of beasts or of men also do somewhat participate of poyson Wherefore there must principally great care be had of the venenate impression left in the wounds by the nails and teeth and therefore such things must be applyed as have power to overcome poyson Wherefore I scarified the lips of the wounds in divers places and applyed Leeches to suck out the venenate bloud and ease the inflammation of the parts then I made a Lotion of Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate after the following manner Theriacal topick Medicines â„ž Mithrid â„¥ i theriac â„¥ ij aegyptiac â„¥ ss dissolvantur omnia cum aqua vitae Carduiben Let the wounds be fomented and washed with it warm besides also Treacle and Mithridate were put in all the medicines which were either applyed or put into the wound and also of the same with the conserves of Roses and Bugloss dissolved in the water of Sorrel and Carduus benedictus potions were made to strengthen the heart and vindicate it from malign vapours A Cordial Epithema For which purpose also this following Epithema was applyed to the region of her heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub pulveris spodii an â„¥ j Mithridatii Theriacae an Ê’ ij flo cordial pulverifatorum p. ij crociÊ’ j dissolve them all together make an Epitheme and apply it to the heart with a scarlet cloth or spunge and let it be often renued Verily she drest after this manner and the former remedies but once used pain inflammation and all the malign symptoms were much lessened to conclude she recovered but lingred and was lean some two years after yet at length she was perfectly restored to her health and former nature By which you may understand that simple wounds must be handled after another manner than these which have any touch of poyson The cure of the hairy scalp when it is contused But now that we may prosecute the other affects of the hairy scalp say that it is contused with a blow without a wound that which must be first and alwayes done that so the affect may better appear and the remedies which are applyed may take more effect the hair must be shaven away and at the first dressing a repelling medicine applyed such as this following Oxyrhodinum â„ž ol ros â„¥ iij album ovorum nu ij pulveris nucum cypressi balaust alumin. rochae rosar rub anÊ’ j. Let them be all incorporated A repelling medicine and make a medicine for the former use or in stead thereof you may apply the catalpasm prescribed before consisting of Farina hordei fabarum aceto oleo rosaceo But such medicines must be often renued When the pain and defluxion are appeased we must use discussing medicines for dissipation of that humor which remains impacted in the part A discâ—ssing Fomentation â„ž Emplastri de mucilagin Ê’ ij oxicrocei emp. de meliloto an â„¥ i. olei chamaem anethi an â„¥ ss malaxentur simul fiat emplastrum ad usum dictum Such a fomentation will also be good â„ž vini rub lib. iiij lixivii com lib. ij nuces cupressi contus nu x. pul myrtillorum â„¥ i. rosar rub absinth fol. salviae majoranae staechados florum chamaem melil an M. ss aluminis rochae radicis cyperi calami aromatici an â„¥ ss bulliant omnia simul and make a decoction to foment the grieved part After somewhat a long fomenting it whereby it may the better discuss dry and exhaust the concrete humor the head must be dryed and more discussing things applyed such as the Cerate described by Vigo called de Minio Ceratum de Minio which hath an emollient and digestive faculty in this form â„ž Olei chamaem lilior an â„¥ x. olei mastich â„¥ ij pinguedinis vervecis lib. i. litharg auri â„¥ viij minii â„¥ ij vini boni cyathum unum bullianb omnia simul baculo agitando primum quidem lento igne mox verò luculentiore donec tota massa colorem nigrum vel subnigrum contrahat adde in fine cocturae Terebinth lib. s pulveris mastich â„¥ ij gum elemi â„¥ j. cerae quantum sufficit bulliant rursus una ebullitione fiat empl molle But if the humor be not thus discussed Detersive or cleansing medicines but only grow soft then the tumor must be quickly opened for when the flesh is inflamed and putrefied through occasion of the contained humor the bone under it putrefies also by the contagion of the inflammation and the acrimony of the matter falling upon the bone When you have opened it wash away the filth of the ulcer with this following deterâ—ive medicine â„ž syrupi ros absinth an â„¥ i. terebinth â„¥ ss pul ireos aloes mastichis myrrhae farinae hordei an Ê’ ss In stead hereof if there be great putrefaction Aegyptia either by it self or mixt with an equal quantity of Unguentum Apostolorum may be put into the Ulcer When the Ulcer is cleansed it will be time to use scarcotick and cicatrizing medicines CHAP. XVI Of the particular cure of a Fracture or broken Skull IF the Skull be broken so that it be needful to trepan it or to elevate and lift it up Why the Pericranium hath such exquisite sâ—nse or scrape it away the musculous skin being cut as we formerly noted the Pericranium shall be plucked from the Skull as we said before which because it can hardly be done without great pain by reason of its exquisite sense and connexion with the membranes of the brain we must labour to mitigate the pain for fear of inflammation and other accidents Therefore the first dressing ended and the corners of the wound drawn each from other at the second dressing put to the wound a digestive as they term it made of the yolk of an Egge and
which was cut quite asunder and put the lips of the wound as close together as I could I could not get hold of the Gullet because it was fallen down into the Stomach then I bound up the wound with medicines pledgets and fit ligatures After he was thus drest he begun to speak and tell the name of the villain the author of this fact so that he was taken and fastened to the wheel and having his limbs broken lost his wretched life for the life of the innocent wounded man who dyed the fourth day after he was hurt Another History The like hurt befel a certain German who lay at the house of one Perots in the street of Nuts he being frantick in the night cut his throat with a sword I being called in the morning by his friends who went to see him drest him just after the same manner as I dressed the Englishman Wherefore he presently recovered his speech which before could not utter one syllable freed from suspition of the crime and prison the servant who lying in the same chamber with him was upon suspition committed to Prison and confessing the thing as it was done lived four days after the wound being nourished with Broths put into his Fundament like Clysters and with the grateful vapour of comfortable things as Bread newly drawn out of the Oven and soaked in strong Wine I having thus by Art of Chirurgery made the dumb speak for the space of four days CHAP. XXX Of the Wounds of the Chest The differences of wounds of the Chest SOme wounds of the Chest are on the fore-side some behind some penetrate more deep others enter not into the capacity thereof othersome pierce even to the parts contained therein as the Mediastinum Lungs Heart Midriffe hollow Vein and ascendent Artery Othersome pass quite through the body whereby it happens that some are deadly some not The signs You shall thus know that the wound penetrates into the capacity of the Chest if that when the Patients mouth and nose be shut the breath or wind break through the wound with a noise so that it may dissipate or blow out a lighted candle being held near it If the Patient can scarse either draw or put forth his breath this also is a sign that there is some bloud fallen down upon the Diaphragma Signs that the heart is wounded By these signs you may know that the heart is wounded If a great quantity of bloud gush out if a trembling possess all the members of the body if the pulse be little and faint if the colour become pale if a cold sweat and frequent swooning assail him and the extream parts become cold then death 's at hand A History Yet when I was at Turin I saw a certain Gentleman who fighting a duel with another received a wound under his left brest which pierced into the substance of his heart yet for all that he struck some blows afterwards and followed his flying enemy some two hundred paces until he fell down dead upon the ground having opened his body I found a wound in the substance of the heart so large as would contain ones finger there was only much bloud poured forth upon the midriffe Signs that the Lungs are wounded These are the signs that the Lungs are wounded if the bloud comes foamy or froathy out of the wounds the Patient is troubled with a cough he is also troubled with a great difficulty of breathing and a pain in his side which he formerly had not he lies most at ease when he lies upon the wound and sometimes it comes so to pass that lying so he speaks more freely and easily but turned on the contrary side he presently cannot speak Signs that the midriffe is wounded When the Diaphragma or Midriffe is wounded the party affected is troubled with a weight or heaviness in that place he is taken with a Delirium or Raving by reason of the sympathy of the Nerves of the sixth conjugation which are spread over the midriffe difficulty of breathing a cough and sharp pain troubles the Patient the Guts are drawn upwards so that it sometimes happens by the vehemency of breathing that the Stomach and Guts are drawn through the wound into the capacity of the Chest which thing I observed in two The one of these was a Mason who was thrust through the midst of the Midriffe where it is nervous and dyed the third day following I opening his lower belly and not finding his stomach A History thought it a monstrous thing but at length searching diligently I found it was drawn into the Chest through the wound which was scarse an inch broad But the stomach was full of wind but little humidity in it The other was called captain Francis d' Alon a Native of Xantoigne Another History who before Rochell was shot with a Musket Bullet entring by the breast-bone near to the sword-like Gristle and passing through the fleshy part of the midriffe went out at the space between the fifth and sixth bastard ribs The wound was healed up on the outside yet for all that there remained a weakness of the stomach whereupon a pain of the guts like to the colick took him especially in the Evening and on the night for which cause he durst not sup but very sparingly But on the eighth month after the pain raging more violently in his belly then it was accustomed he dyed though for the mitigating of the vehemency thereof Simon Malmâ—dy and Anthony du Val both learned Physitians omitted no kind of Remedy The body of the diseased was opened by the skilful Chirurgeon James Guillemeau who found a great portion of the Colick-gut swelled with much wind gotten into the Chest through the wound of the Diaphragma for all it was so small that you could scarse put your little finger in thereat But now let us return from whence we digressed We understand that there is blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest by the difficulty of breathing the vehemency of the increasing feaver the stinking of the breath Signs that there is blood pouted into the capacity of the Chest the casting up of blood at the mouth and other symptoms which usually happen to those who have putrefied and clotted blood poured out of the vessels into the belly infecting with the filthy vapour of the corrupt substance the parts to which it shall come But also unless the Patient cannot lye upon his back he is troubled with a desire to vomit and covets now and then to rise whence he often falls into a swound the vitall faculty which sustains the body being broken and debilitated both by reason of the wound and concreat or clotted blood for so putting on the quality of poyson it greatly dissipates and dissolves the strength of the heart It is a sign the spinal marrow is hurt when a Convulsion or Palsie that is a sodain loss of sense and motion
his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bit with venomous beasts If they bind broom above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venom from dispersing it self or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venom from going any nearer the heart Some take of the root of Elecampane Gentian Tormentil Kermes-berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horn of each half a dram they do bruise and beat all these and infuse them for the space of four and twenty hours in white wine and aqua vitae on the warm embers and then strain it and give the patient three or four ounces thereof to drink this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poysons and the potion following hath the same virtue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a bean A Potion dissolve them in white wine and a little aqua vitae and let the patient drink it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with half a dram of Treacle and vinegar under the embers and then strain it and mix the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrel Carduus Benedictus or any other cordial thing and with strong wine and give the paticet to drink thereof to provoke sweat to repel the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a Nut of Rue and celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little aqua vitae then strain it and give the patient thereofto drink There besome that do drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallows with three ounces of Vinegar and half an ounce of the oil of Wall-nuts and then by much walking do unburthen their stomach and belly upwards end downwards and so are helped When the venomous air hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dried leaves of the Bay-tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunk is thought to be a most soveraign medicine to provoke sweat loosnes of the belly and vomiting Matthiolus in his Treatise de Morbo gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the Electuary de Gemmis will drive away the pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit loosness of the belly and seat one dram of Calcauchum of white Copperas dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oil of Scorpions with white wine to expel the the poyson by vomit and therewithall they annoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrists of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and well exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but only move the humors whereby cometh a Fever When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomach and with-hold the agitation or working of the humors and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptoms which happen together with the Plague and first of the pain of the head The cause of phrensie in the Plague IF the malignity be carried into the brain and nature be not able to expel it it inflames not only it but also the menbranes that cover it which inflamation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgment and sometimes the memory according to the situation of the inflamation whether it be in the former or hinder or middle part of the head but hereof cometh alwaies a Phrensie with fiery redness of the eies and face and heaviness and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with Clysters and with opening the Cephalick vein in the arm the arteries of the Temples must be opened taking so much blood out of them The benefit of opening an artery as the greatness of the Symptoms and the strength of the patient shall require and permit Truly the incision that is made in opening an arterie will close and joyn together as readily and with as little difficulty as the incision of the vein And of such an incision of an artery cometh present help by reason that tensive and sharp vapours do plentifully breath out together with the arterious blood It were also very good to provoke a flux of blood at the nose Aph. 10. sect 6. if nature be apt to exonerate her self that way For as Hippocrates saith when the head is grieved or generally aketh if matter water or blood flow out at the nostrils mouth or ears it presently cures the disease Such bleeding is to be provoked by strong blowing or striving to cleanse the nose by scratching or pricking of the inner side of the nostrils by pricking with an hors hair and long holding down of the head An history The Lord of Fontains a Knight of the Order when we were at Bayon had a bleeding at the nose which came naturally for the space of two dayes and thereby be was freed of a pestilent Fever which he had before a great sweat arising there-withall and shortly after his Carbuncles came to suppuration To stay bleeding and by Gods grace he recovered his health being under my cure If the blood do flow out and cannot be stopped when it ought the hands arms and legs must be tied with hands and sponges wet in Oxycrate must be put under the arm-holes cupping glasses must be applied unto the dugs the region of the Liver and Spleen and you must put into the nostrils the doun of the willow-tree or any other astringent medicine incorporated with the hairs plucks from he flank belly or throat of an Hare Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata the juice of Plantaine and Knot-grass mixed together and furthermore the patient must be placed or laied in a cool place But if the patient be nothing mitigated notwithstanding all these fluxes of blood we must come to medicines that procure sleep whose forms are these Medicines to procure sleep Take of green Lettuce one handful flowers of water-Lillies and Violets of each two pugils one head of white-Poppy bruised of the four cold seeds of each two drams of Liquorice and Raisins of each one dram make thereof a decoction and in the straining dissolve one ounce and a half of Diacodium make thereof a large potion to be given when they go to rest Also Barly-cream may be prepared in the water of water-Lillies and of Sorrel of each two ounces adding thereto six or eight grains of Opium of the four cold seeds and of white-Poppy seeds of each half an ounce and let the same be boiled in broth with Lettuce and Purslain also the pils de Cynoglesso i. e. Hounds-tongue
descent Crucibiles and another such-Vessels for Calcination Hair-strainers Bags Earthen-platters Vessels for circulation as Pelicacanes Earthen-basins for filtring Fornaces The secret Fornaces of Philosophers The Philosophers egg Cacurbites Retorts Bolt-heads Urinals Receivers Vessels so fitted together that the lowermost receives the mouth of the uppermost whence they may be termed conjoined Vessels they are used in distilling per descensum Marbs exquisitely smooth for distillations to be made in Cellars Pots to dissolve calcined metalls in A Catalogue of the Surgeons Instruments mentioned in this whole work RIngs wherein little Lancets lye hid to open Impostumes Trunks or hollow instruments going with springs A vent or cooler for the womb made like a pessary Hollow tents Sundry Cauteries as flat round sharp-pointed cutting c. Constrictory rings to twitch or binde the Columella Speculum Otis Ocul Ani Vteri A trunk or pipe with an actual Cautery in it Crooked Knives A pipe in form of a quill Divers trusses with one or more bolsters A shoulder-band to be put about the neck to hold up a truss A needle to draw through a golden wier c. Pipes with fenestels and needls fit for futures Cutting Mâ—llets Mullets only to hold and not to cut Mullets to take forth splinters of bones Mullets to draw teeth An incision-knife Scrapers to plain or smooth the bones or else to cut them Cutting or hollow scrapers A leaden mallet to drive the Scrapers or Chizzels into the scull A Gimblet in shape and use resembling that which Coopers use to lift up the sunk staves of their cask withall Levatories of which kinde is the three-footed one Old Levatories which taken by their handles and their tongues put under the deprest bones lift them up Saws A desquamatory Trepan Pliers to take forth splinters of bones A Gimblet to perforate the scull A Trepan fit to divide the scull with the scrue point or piercer brace and cover or cap that keeps it from running in too far A plate to set one foot of the Compass upon A cutting pair of compasses both open and shut a fit instrument to depress the Dura mater without hurting thereof A syringe to make injection withall A pair of Pincers with holes through them to make up the skin for making a Seton Setons as well drye as moistened with ointments The Beaks of Crows Parats Swans Ducks Lizards Cranes are either strait crooked toothed or smooth Catch-bullets and Pliers to draw forth pieces of mail and splinters of bones that lye deep in Hollow and smoth Dilaters diversly made for the different wounds of the parts Probes fit for to put flamulas into wounds and these are either strait or crooked perforated or unperforated Scrued mullets to draw forth barbed heads of crrows and the like Lancets to let blood and scarifie as well strait as crooked A Pyulcos or Matter-drawer Ligatures bands swathes thongs of leather woollen linnen round slit sown together again some are upper binders other under-binders Again these are either expressing or else containing and that either the applied medicine or the lips of wounds or members put in a fit posture which therefore they call a sarcotick Ligature Thred Bottoms or clews of thred or yarn Pledgets compresses boulsters doubled cloaths Ferulae or Splints Casses Boxes Junks Glossocomies Ambi a kinde of Glossocomy A pully with its wheels and wooden and Iron-pins whereon the wheels may run Ropes as well to draw and extend as hold up the member c. Scruepins A hand-vice Hooks Buttons or staies to fasten to the skin to hold together the lips of the wounds Lint cussions pillows linnen-cloathes Files Dentiscalpia Dentifricia Dentispiscia Catheters guiders of the work Abathing chair or seat bathing-tubs half-rubs caldrons funnels with all other circumstances belonging to a bath Stoves or hot-houses to sweat in Cocks to turn and let out water A Gimblet to break the stone Hooks Hollow probes slit on the upper sides Winged instruments to draw forth stones An instrument to cleanse the bladder Spatulas straight and crooked Cupping-glasses Horns Pipes or Catheters to wear Caruncles Artificial members as eyes of gold enamelled c. An Urinal or case to save the water in An artificial yard Crutches Nipples or leaden covers for sore breasts Griffius talons to draw forth a mola out of the womb A sucking-glass to draw a breast withal Pessaries both long and oval Syringes to give glysters as also to make injection into the ears and womb The Effigies of HIPPOCRATES of Côos the Prince of Physicians INVICTUM Hippocrates quòd te potuere superbae Eoî numquam flectere Regis opes Cecropidae fronti ex auro fulgente coronam Promeriti memores imposuere tuae Gratia sed levis est Actaeis tantus Athenis Nec fuit hinc uni quám tibi partus honos Nam quòd quae recreent languentia corpora morbo Paeonias fueris promere largus opes Sed tua tam fundit quà m magni machina mundi Gratia insignis tam tua fama volat BON. GRA. PARIS MEDIC Select Aphorisms concerning Surgery collected out of the Aphorisms of the great HIPPOCRATES Aphor. 27. sect 6. WHosoever being suppurate or hydropical are burnt or cut therefore if all the matter or water flow forth at once they certainly dye 31. 6. The drinking of wine or a bath fomentation blood-letting or purging help the pains of the eyes 38. 6. Such as have hidden or not ulcerated Cancers had better not to cure them For healed they quickly dye not cured they live the longer 55. 6. Gouty-pains usually stirr in the Spring and Fall 28. 6. Eunuchs are not troubled with the Gout neither do they become bald 49. 6. Whosoever are troubled with the Gout have ease in forty daies the inflammation ceasing 66. 5. In great and dangerous wounds if no swelling appear it is ill 67. 5. Soft tumors are good but crude ones ill 25. 6. For an Erysipelas or inflammation to return from without inwards it is not good but to come from within outwards is very good 19. 7. An Erysipelas comming upon the bearing of a bone is evil 20. 7. Putrefaction or suppuration comming upon an Erysipelas is ill 21. 6. If Varices or Haemorrhoides happen to such as are mad their madness ceases 21. 7. A flux of blood ensuing upon a great pulsation in ulcers is ill 26. 2. It is better that a fever happen upon a convulsion then a convulsion upon a fever 4. 6. Those ulcers that have the skin smooth or shining about them are evil 18. 6. The wound is deadly whereby the bladder brain heart midriff any of the small guts stomach or liver are hurt 45. 6. Whatsoever ulcers are of a years continuance or more the bone must necessarily scale and the scars become hollow 2. 7. The bone being affected in the flesh be livid it is ill 14. 7. Stupidity and lack of reason upon a blow of the head is evil 24. 7. A Delirium happens if a bone to wit the scull be
concavity of the body Signs that a wound hath pierced in the concavity of the chest if the air come forth at the wound making a certain whizzing noise if the patient breathe with great difficulty if he feel a great heaviness or weight on or about the midriff whereby it may be gathered that a great quantity of blood lieth upon the place or midriff and so causeth him to feel a weight or heaviness which by little and little will be cast up by vomiting But a little after a fever commeth and the breath is unsavory and stinking by reason that the putrifying blood is turned into sanies the patient cannot lye but on his back and he hath an often desire to vomit but if he escape death his wound will degenerate into a Fistula and at length will consume him by little and little We may know that the lungs are wounded by the foaming and spumous blood comming out both at the wound and cast up by vomiting Signs that the Lungs are wounded That the Heart is wounded he is vexed with a grievous shortness of breath and with pain in his sides We may perceive the heart to be wounded by the abundance of blood that commeth out at the wound by the trembling of all the whole body by the faint and small pulse paleness of the face cold sweat with often swooning coldness of the extreme parts and sudden death When the midriff which the Latins call Diaphragma is wounded The Midriff the patient feeleth a great weight in that place he raveth and talketh idlely he is troubled with shortness of winde a cough and fit of grievous pain and drawing of the intrals upwards Wherefore when all these accidents appear we may certainly pronounce that death is at hand Death appeareth suddenly by a wound of the hollow Vein or the great Artery The Vena Cava and great Artery by reason of the great and violent evacuation of blood and spirits whereby the functions of the Heart and Lungs are stopped and hindered The marrow of the back bone being pierced The spinal marrow the patient is assaulted with a palsie or convulsion very suddenly and sence and motion faileth in the parts beneath it the excrements of the bladder are either evacuated against the patients will or else are altogether stopped When the Liver is wounded much blood cometh out at the wound The Liver and pricking-pain disperseth it self even unto the sword-like gristle which hath its situation at the lower end of the breast-bone called Sternon the blood that followeth from thence down into the intestines doth oft-times infer most malign accidents yea and sometimes death When the stomach is wounded the meat and drink come out at the wound The Stomach there followeth a vomiting of pure choler then commeth swearing and coldness of the extreme parts and therefore we ought to prognosticate death to follow such a wound When the Milt or Splene is wounded black and gross blood cometh out at the wound The spleen the patient will be very thirsty with pain on the left side and the blood breaks forth into the belly and there purrifying causeth most malign and grievous accidents and often-times death to follow When the guts are wounded the whole body is griped and pained The Guts the excrements come out at the wound whereat also oft-times the guts break forth with great violence When the reins of Kidnies are wounded the patient will have great pain in making his urine The Kidnies and the blood commeth out together therewith the pain commeth down even unto the groin and yard and testicles When the Bladder and Ureters are wounded the pain goeth even unto the entrails The Bladder the parts all about and belonging to the groin are d stended the urine is bloody that is made and the same also commeth oftentimes out of the wound When the womb is wounded the blood commeth out at the privities The womb and all other accidents appear like as when the bladder is wounded The nerves When the sinews are pricked or cut half asunder there is great pain in the affected place and there followeth a sudden inflammation flux abscess fever convulsion and oftentimes a gangrene or mortification of the part whereof commeth death unless it be speedily prevented Having declared the signs and tokens of wounded parts it now remaineth that we set down other signs of certain kindes of death that are not common or natural whereabout when there is great strife and contention made it oftentimes is determined and ended by the judgment of the descreet Physician or Surgeon Signs that an infant is smothered or over-laid Therefore if it chance that a nurse either through drunkenness or negligence lies upon the infant lying in bed with her and so stifles or smothers it to death If your judgment be required whether the infant died through the default or negligence of the nurse or through some violent or sudden disease that lay hidden and lurking in the body thereof you shall finde out the truth of the matter by these signs following For if the infant were in good health before if he were not froward or crying if his mouth and nostrils now being dead be moistened or bedewed with a certain foam if his face be not pale but of a Violet or Purple colour if when the body is opened the Lungs be found swoln and puffed up as it were with a certain vaporous foam and all other intrails sound it is a token that the infant was stifled smothered or strangled by some outward violence If the body or dead corps of a man be found lying in a field or house alone and you be called by a Magistrate to deliver your opinion whether the man were slain by lightning or some other violent death you may by the following signs finde out the certainty hereof Signs of such as are slain by lightning For every body that is blasted or stricken with lightning doth cast forth or breathe out an unwholsome stinking or sulphureous smell so that the birds and sowls of the air or dogs will not once touch it much less prey or feed upon it the part that was stricken oftentimes sound and without a wound but if you search it well you shall finde the bones under the skin to be bruised broken or shivered in pieces Lib. 2. cap. 54. But if the lightning hath pierced into the body with making a wound therein according to the judgment of Pliny the wounded part is far colder then all the rest of the body For lightning driveth the most thin and fiery air before it and striketh it into the body with great violence by the force whereof the heat that was in the part is soon dispersed wasted and consumed Lightning doth alwaies leave some impression or sign of some fire either by ustion or blackness for no Lightning is without fire Moreover whereas all other living creatures when they are
Connexion when we search whether every thing be in its proper place and whether they be decently fitted and well joined together We have handled the varieties of the four seasons of the Year when we treated of Temperaments But the consideration of Region because it hath the same judgment that the Air shall be referred to that disquisition or enquiry which we intend to make of the Air amongst the things Not-natural Diet. The manner of life and order of Diet are to be diligently observed by us because they have great power either to alter or preserve the Temperament But because they are of almost infinite variety therefore they scarce seem possible to fall into Art which may prosecute all the differences of Diet and Vocations of life Wherefore if the Calling of Life be laborious as that of Husbandmen Mariners and other such trades it strengthens and dries the parts of the body Although those which labour much about Waters are most commonly troubled with cold and moist diseases although they almost kill themselves with labour Again those which deal with Metals as all sorts of Smiths and those which cast and work brass are more troubled with hot diseases as Feavers But if their Calling be such as they sit much and work all the day long sitting at home as shoomakers it makes the body tender the flesh effeminate and causeth great quantity of excrements A life as well idle and negligent in body as quiet in mind in all riotousness and excesses of Diet doth the same For from hence the body is made subject to the Stone Gravel and Gout That calling of life which is performed with moderate labour clothing and diet The commodities of an indifferent Diet. seems very fit and convenient to preserve the natural temper of the body The ingenious Chirurgion may frame more of himself that may more particularly conduce to the examination of these things Therefore the things natural and those which are near or neighbouring to them being thus briefly declared the Order seems to require that we make enquiry of things Not-natural CHAP. XII Of things Not-natural THe things which we must now treat of Why they are called things Not-natural have by the later Physitians been termed Not-natural because they are not of the number of those which enter into the constitution or composure of mans body as the Elements Humors and all such things which we formerly comprehended under the name of Natural although they be such as are necessary to preserve and defend the body already made and composed Wherefore they were called by Galen Preservers because by the due use of them the body is preserved in health Also they may be called Doubtful and Neuters for that rightly and fitly used they keep the body healthful but inconsideratly they cause diseases Whereby it comes to pass that they may be thought to pertain to that part of Physick which is of preserving health not because some of these things should be absolutely and of their own nature wholsom and others unwholsom but only by this that they are or prove so by their convenient or preposterous use Therefore we consider the use of such like things from four conditions Quantity Quality Occasion and Manner of using If thou shalt observe these thou shalt attain and effect this Galen 1. ad Glauconem That those things which of themselves are as it were doubtful shall bring certain and undoubted health For these four Circumstances do so far extend that in them as in the perfection of Art the Rules which may be prescribed to preserve health are contained But Galen in another place hath in four words comprehended these things Not-natural as things Taken Applyed Expelled and to be Done Things Taken are those which are put into the body either by the mouth or any other way Lib. de Sanitat tuenda as the air meat and drink Things applyed are those which must touch the body as the Air now mentioned affecting the body with a diverse touch of its qualities of heat cold moisture or driness Expelled are what things soever being unprofitable are generated in the body and require to be expelled To be Done are labour rest sleep watching and the like We may more distinctly and by expression of proper Names revoke all these things to six Which are Air. Meat and Drink Labour and Rest Sleep and Watching Repletion and Inanition or things to be expelled or retained and kept Perturbations of the Mind CHAP. XIII Of the Air. AIR is so necessary to life that we cannot live a moment without it if so be that breathing How necessary for Life the Air is and much more transpiration be not to be separated from life Wherefore it much conduceth to know what Air is wholsom what unwholsom and which by contrariety of qualities fights for the Patient against the disease or on the contrary by a similitude of qualities shall nourish the disease that if it may seem to burden the Patient by increasing or adding to the disease we may correct it by Art So in curing the wounds of the head especially in winter we labour by all the means we may to make the air warm For cold is hurtful to the Brain Bones and the wounds of these parts and heat is comfortable and friendly But also the Air being drawn into the body by breathing when it is hotter than ordinary doth with a new warmth over-heat the heart lungs and spirits and weaken the strength by the dissipation of the Spirits too much attenuated so being too cold in like manner the strength of the faculties faints and grows dull either by suppression of the vapors or by the inspissation or thickning of the Spirits Therefore to conclude That Air is to be esteemed healthful which is clear subtil and pure What Air is hurtful free and open on every side and which is far remote from all carion-like smels of dead carkases or the stench of any putrefying thing whatsoever the which is far distant from standing pools and fens and caves sending forth strong and ill vapors neither too cloudy nor moist by the nearness of some river Such an Air I say if it have a vernal temper is good against all diseases That Air which is contrary to this is altogether unhealthful as that which is putrid shut up and prest by the straitness of neighbouring Mountains infected with some noisom vapor And because I cannot prosecute all the conditions of Airs fit for the expelling of all diseases as which are almost infinite it shall suffice here to have set down what we must understand by this word Air. Three things are understood by the name of the Air. Physitians commonly use to understand three things by the name of Air The present state of the Air the Region in which we live and the season of the Year We spoke of this last when we treated of Temperaments Wherefore we will now speak of the two former
all means for the quick recovery of the Patient lest that which was of its own nature small may by his negligence become great Therefore it is expedient he should know what wounds are to be accounted great This as Galen saith is three ways to be known The first is by the magnitude and principality of the part affected for thus the wounds of the Brain Heart and of the greater vessels Lib. 4. Meth. cap. 6.1 though small of themselves yet are thought great Wounds are called Great out of three respects Then from the greatness of the solution of continuity for which cause wounds may be judged great in which much of the substance of the part is lost in every dimension though the part be one of these which are accounted servile Then from the malignity through which occasion the wounds of the joynts are accounted great because for the most part they are ill conditioned CHAP. IV. Of Prognosticks to be made in Wounds THose Wounds are thought dangerous wherein any large Nerve vein or Artery are hurt What wounds are dangerous From the first there is fear of Convulsion but from the other large effusion of the veinous or arterious bloud whence the powers are debilitated also these are judged evil which are upon the Arm-pits groins leggs joynts and between the fingers and likewise those which hurt the head or tail of a Muscle They are lest dangerous of all other which wound only the fleshy substance But they are deadly which are inflicted upon the Bladder Brain Heart Liver Lungs Stomach and small guts But if any Bone Gristle Nerve or portion of the cheek What least dangerous What deadly Hip. aphor 19. Lib. 6. or prepuce shall be cut away they cannot be restored Contused wounds are more difficult to cure than those which are from a simple solution of continuity for before you must think to heal them up you must suppurate and cleanse them which cannot be done in a short time Wounds which are round and circular are so much the worse for there can be no unity unless by an angle that is a meeting together of two lines which can have no place in round wounds because a circular figure consists of one oblique line Besides wounds are by so much thought the greater by how much their extreams and lips are the further disjoyned which happens to round wounds Why round Wounds are difficult to heal Contrary to these are cornered wounds or such as are made alongst the fibers as such as may be healed Wounds may be more easily healed in young men than in old because in them Nature is more vigorous and there is a greater plenty of fruitful or good bloud by which the loss of the flesh may be the better and more readily restored which is slowlier done in old bodies by reason their bloud is smaller in quantity and more dry and the strength of nature more languid Wounds received in the Spring Hip. lib. de ulcer Hip. aph 66. lib. 5. are not altogether so difficult to heal as those taken in Winter or Summer For all excess of heat and cold is hurtful to them it is ill for a Convulsion to happen upon a Wound for it is a sign that some Nervous body is hurt the Brain suffering together therewith as that which is the original of the Nerves A Tumor coming upon great wounds is good for it shews the force of nature is able to expel that which is harmful and to ease the wounded part The organical parts wholly cut off cannot again be united because a vital part once severed and plucked from the trunk of the body cannot any more receive influence from the heart as from a root without which there can be no life The loosed continuity of the Nerves Veins Arteries and also the Bones is sometimes restor'd not truly and as they say according to the first intention but by the second that is by reposition of the like but not of the same substance The first intention takes place in the fleshy parts by converting the Alimentary bloud into the proper substance of the wounded part But the second in the spermatique in which the lost substance may be repaired by interposition of some heterogeneous body which nature diligent for its own preservation substitutes in place of that which is lost for thus the body which restores and agglutinates What a Callus is and whence it proceeds is no Bone but a Callus whose original matter is from an humor somewhat grosser than that from whence the Bones have their original and beginning This humor when it shall come to the place of the fracture agglutinateth the ends of the Bones together which otherwise could never be so knit by reason of their hardness The Bones of Children are more easily and speedily united by reason of the pliantness of their soft and tender substance Small and contemptible Wounds often prove mortal Aphor. 1. sect 1. Lastly we must here admonish the Chirurgeon that small Wounds and such as no Artisan will judg deadly do divers times kill by reason of a certain occult and ill disposition of the wounded and incompassing Bodies for which cause we read it observed by Hippocrates that it is not sufficient for the Physitian to perform his duty but also external things must be rightly prepared and fitted CHAP. V. Of the Cure of Wounds in general The general Indication of Wounds THe Chirurgeon ought for the right cure of wounds to propose unto himself the common and general indication that is the uniting of the divided parts which indication in such a case is thought upon and known even by the vulgar for that which is dis-joyned desires to be united because union is contrary to division But by what means such union may be procured is only known to the skilful Artisan Therefore we attain unto this chief and principal Indication by the benefit of Nature as it were the chief Agent and the work of the Chirurgeon as the servant of Nature And unless Nature shall be strong the Chirurgeon shall never attain to his conceived and wished for end therefore that he may attain hereto he must perform five things Five things necessary for uniting wounds the first is that if there be any strange Bodies as pieces of Wood Iron Bones bruised Flesh congealed Bloud or the like whether they have come from without or from within the Body and shall be by accident fastened or stuck in the wound he must take them away for otherwise there is no union to be expected Another is that he joyn together the lips of the Wound for they cannot otherwise be agglutinated and united The third is that he keep close together the joyned lips The fourth that he preserve the temper of the wounded part for the distemper remaining it is impossible to restore it to its unity The fifth is that he correct the accidents if any shall happen because these urging
in the parts thereunder an unvoluntary excretion of the Urine and other excrements Signs that the Spine is wounded or a totall suppression of them seises upon the Patient When the hollow vein and great Artery are wounded the Patient will dye in a short time by reason of the sodain and aboundant effusion of the blood and spirits which intercepts the motion of the Lungs and heart whence the party dies suffocated CHAP. XXX Of the cure of the Wounds of the Chest WE have read in John de Vigo that it is disputed amongst Chirurgeons concerning the consolidation of wounds of the Chest For some think that such wounds must be closed up Vigo tract de vuln thoraâ— cap. 10. and cicatrized with all possible speed lest the cold air come to the heart and the vitall spirits fly away and be dissipated Others on the contrary think that such wounds ought to be long kept open and also if they be not sufficiently large of themselves that then they must be inlarged by Chirurgery that so the blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest may have passage forth which otherwise by delay would putrefie whence would ensue an increase of the feaver a fistulous ulcer and other pernicious accidents The first opinion is grounded upon reason and truth if so be that there is little or no blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest But the latter takes place where there is much more blood contained in the empty spaces of the Chest Which lest I may seem rashly to determin I think it not amiss to ratifie each opinion with a history thereto agreeable Whilst I was at Turin Chirurgeon to the Marshall of Montejan the King of France his General A History I had in cure a Souldier of Paris whose name was Levesque he served under captain Renovart He had three wounds but one more grievous than the rest went under the right brest somewhat deep into the capacity of the Chest whence much blood was poured forth upon the midriff which caused such difficulty of breathing that it even took away the liberty of his speech besides through this occasion he had a vehement feaver coughed up blood and a sharp pain on the wounded side The Chirurgeon which first drest him had so bound up the wound with a strait and thick suture that nothing could flow out thereat But I being called the day after and weighing the present symptoms which threatned speedy death judged that the sowing of the wound must straight be loosed which being done there instantly appeared a clot of blood at the orifice thereof which made me to cause the Patient to lye half out of his bed with his head downwards and to stay his hands on a Settle which was lower than the bed and keeping himself in this posture to shut his mouth and nose that so his Lungs should swell the midriffe be stretched forth and the intercostal muscles and those of the Abdomen should be compressed that the blood poured into the Chest might be evacuated by the wound but also that this excretion might succeed more happily I thrust my finger somewhat deep into the wound that so I might open the orifice thereof being stopped up with the congealed blood and certainly I drew out some seven or eight ounces of putrefied and stinking blood by this means When he was laid in his bed I caused frequent injections to be made into the wound of a decoction of Barly with Honey of Roses and red Sugar which being injected I wisht him to turn first on the one and then on the other side and then again to lye out of his bed as before for thus he evacuated small but very many clots of blood together with the liquor lately injected which being done the symptomes were mitigated and left him by little and little The next day I made another more detergent injection adding thereto wormwood Why bitter things must not be cast into the Chest centaury and Aloes but such a bitterness did rise up to his mouth together with a desire to cast that he could no longer indure it Then it came into my mind that formerly I had observed the like effect of the like remedy in the Hospital of Paris in one who had a fistulous ulcer in his Chest Therefore when I had considered with my self that such bitter things may easily pass into the Lungs and so may from thence rise into the Weazon and mouth I determined that thenceforwards I would never use such bitter things to my Patients for the use of them is much more troublesome than any way good and advantagious But at the length this Patient by this and the like means recovered his health beyond my expectation Read the History of Maryllus in Galen lib. 7. de Anaâ—om administra But on the contrary I was called on a time to a certain Germain gentleman who was run with a sword into the capacity of his Chest the neighbouring Chirurgeon had put a great tent into the wound at the first dressing which I made to be taken forth for that I certainly understood there was no blood powred forth into the capacity of the Chest because the Patient had no feaver no weight upon the Diâ—phrâ—gma nor spitted forth any blood Wherefore I cured him in few dayes by only dropping in some of my balsome and laying a plaister of Diacalcitheos upon the wound What harm ensues the too long use of Tents The like cure I have happily performed in many others To conclude this I dare boldly affirm that wounds of the Chest by the too long use of tents degenerate into Fistula's Wherefore if you at any time shall undertake the cure of wounds which penetrate into the capacity of the Chest you shall not presently shut them up at the first dressing No liniments must be used in wounds of the Chest but keep them open for two or three dayes but when you shall find that the Patient is troubled with none or very little pain and that the midriffe is pressed down with no weight and that he breathes freely then let the tent be taken forth and the wound healed up as speedily as you can by covering it only with lint dipped in some balsome which hath a glutinative faculty and laid somewhat broader than the wound never apply liniments to wounds of this kind lest the Patient by breathing draw them into the capacity of the Chest Wherefore also you must have a care that the tent put into those kinds of wounds may be fastned to the pledgets and also have somewhat a large head lest they should be drawn as we said into the capacity of the Chest for if they fall in they will cause putrefaction and death Let Emplast Diacalcitheos or some such like be applyed to the wound But if on the contrary you know by proper and certain signs that there is much blood fallen into the spaces of the Chest then let the orifice of
the wound be kept open with larger tents untill all the Sanies or bloody matter wherein the blood hath degenerated shall be exhausted But if it happen at any time as assuredly it sometimes doth that notwithstanding the Art and care of the Physitian the wound degenerates into a Fistula then the former evil is become much worse For Fistula's of the Chest are scarse cured at any time and that for divers causes The first is for that the muscles of the Chest are in perpetual motion Wounds of the Chest easily degenerate into a Fistula Another is because they on the contrary inside are covered only with the membrane investing the ribs which is without blood The third is for that the wound hath no stay by means whereof it may be compressed sowed and bound whereby the lips being joined together the wound may at length be replenished with flesh and cicatrized Why there flows such plenty of matter out of wounds of the Chest But the reason why wounds of the Chest do every day heap up and pour forth so great a quantity of matter seems to be their vicinity to the heart which being the fountain of blood there is a perpetual efflux thereof from thence to the part affected For this is Natures care in preserving the affected parts that continually and aboundantly without measure or mean it sends all its supplyes that is blood and spirits to their aid Add hereto that the affected parts by pain heat and continual motion of the Lungs and midriffe draw and allure much blood to themselves Such like blood defiled by the malignity and filth of the wound is speedily corrupted whence it is that from the perpetual afflux of blood there is a continual efflux of matter or filth which at the last brings a man to a consumption because the ulcerated part like a ravenous wolf consumes more blood by the pain heat and motion than can be ministred thereto by the heart Yet if there be any hope to cure and heal the Fistula it shall be performed after the use of diet and phlebotomy according to the prescript of the Physitian by a vulnerary potion which you shall find described when we treat of the Caries or rottenness of the bones The cure of a Fistula in the Chest When Aegyptiacum must be put into the injections Wherefore you shall make frequent injections therewith into the Fistula adding and mixing with it syrup de rosis siccis and mel rosarum Neither do I if the putrefaction be great fear to mix therewith Aegyptiacum But you must have a care to remember observe the quantity of the injected liquor that you may know whether it all come forth again after it hath performed its detergent office For if any thereof remain behind in the corners and crooked passages it hurts the part as corrupted with the contagion thereof The form of a Syringe fit to make injection when a great quantity of liquor is to be injected into any part After the injected liquor is come forth a pipe of gold silver or lead shall be put into the fistulous ulcer and it must have many holes in it that so the filth may pass forth at them it must be fast tyed with strings that it may not fall into the capacity of the Chest A great Spunge steeped in Aqua-vitae and wrung forth again shall be laid hot to the end or orifice thereof both to hinder the entrance of the air into the Fistulous ulcer as also to draw forth the filth there by its gentle heat the which thing the Patient shall much further if often times both day and night he hold his breath stopping his mouth and nose and lying upon the diseased side that so the Sanies may be the more forcibly evacuated neither must we leave the putting in the pipe before that this fistulous ulcer shall be almost dry that is whole as when it yields little or no matter at all then it must be cicatrized But if the orifice of this fistulous ulcer being in the upper part hinder the healing thereof then by a chirurgical Section a passage shall be made in the bottom as we said before in an Empyema The delineation of the Pipes with their Strings and Spunges The Reader must note that the Pipes which are fit for this use need not have so many holes as these here exprest but only two or three in their ends for the flesh growing and getting into the rest makes them that they cannot be plucked forth without much pain A wound made in the Lungs admits cure What wounds of the Lungs are curable unless it be very large if it it be without inflammation if it be on the skirts of the Lungs and not on their upper parts if the Patient contain himself from coughing much and contentious speaking and great breathing for the wound is inlarged by coughing and thence also arises inflammation the Pus and Sanies whereof The harm that insues upon coughing in wounds of the Lungs whilst the lungs again endeavour to expel by coughing by which means they are only able to expel that which is hurtful and troublesome to them the ulcer is dilated the inflammation augmented the Patient wastes away and the disease becomes incurable There have been many Eclegma's described by Physitians for to clense the ulcer How Eclegma's must be swallowed which when the Patient useth he shall lye on his back to keep them long in his mouth so to relax the muscles of the Larinx for thus the medicin will fall by little and little alongst the coats of the Weazon for if it should fall down in great quantity it would be in danger to cause coughing Cows Asses or Goats-milk with a little Hony lest they should corrupt in the Stomach are very fit remedies for this purpose but Womans milk exceeds the rest But Sugar of Roses is to be preferred before all other medicins in the opinion of Avicen The utility of Sugar of Roses in ulcerated or wounded Lungs for that it hath a detergent and also an astrictive and strengthening faculty than which nothing is more to be desired in curing of ulcers When you shall think it time to agglutinate the clensed ulcer you must command the Patient to use emplastick austere and astringent medicins such as are Terra sigillata bolus armenus hypocystis Plantain Knot-grass Sumach Acacia and the like which the Patient shall use in his Broaths and Eclegma's mixing therewith Hony of Roses which serving for a vehicle to the rest may carry away the impacted filth which hinders agglutination But seeing an hective Feaver easily follows upon these kinds of wounds and also upon the affects of the Chest and Lungs it will not be amiss to set down somewhat concerning the cure thereof that so the Chirurgeon may know to administer some help to his Patient whilst a Physitian is sent for to overcome this disease with more powerful and certain remedies CHAP. XXXII
incompassing air under which also is comprehended that which is taken from the season of the yeer region the state of the air and soil and the particular condition of the present and lately by-past time Hence it is we read in Guido Why wounds of the head at Paris and of the legs at Avignion are hard to be cured that Wounds of the head are cured with far more difficulty at Paris than at Avignion where notwithstanding on the contrary the Wounds of the legs are cured with more trouble than at Paris the cause is the air is cold and moist at Paris which constitution seeing it is hurtfull to the brain and head it cannot but must be offensive to the Wounds of these parts But the heat of the ambient air at Avignion attenuates and dissolves the humors and makes them flow from above downwards But if any object that experience contradicts this opinion of Guido and say that wounds of the head are more frequently deadly in hot countries let him understand that this must not be attributed to the manifest and natural heat of the air but to a certain malign and venenate humor or vapor dispersed through the air and raised out of the Seas as you may easily observe in those places of France and Italy which border upon the Mediterranean Sea An indication may also be drawn from the peculiar temper of the wounded parts for the musculous parts must be dressed after one and the bony parts after another manner The different sense of the parts indicates and requires the like variety of remedies for you shall not apply so acrid medicins to the Nerves and Tendons An indication to be drawn from the quick and dull sense of the wounded part as to the ligaments which are destitute of sense The like reason also for the dignity and function of the parts needfull for the preservation of life for oft-times wounds of the brain or of some other of the naturall and vitall parts for this very reason that they are defixed in these parts divert the whole manner of the cure which is usually and generally performed in wounds Neither that without good cause for oft-times from the condition of the parts we may certainly pronounce the whole success of the disease for wounds which penetrate into the ventricles of the brain into the heart the large vessels the chest the nervous parts of the midriffe the liver ventricles small guts bladder if somewhat large are deadly as also those which light upon a joynt in a body repleat with ill humors as we have formerly noted Neither must you neglect that indication which is drawn from the situation of the part and the commerce it hath with the adjacent parts or from the figure thereof seeing that Galen himself would not have it neglected Gal. lib. 7. Meth 2. ad Glauc But we must consider in taking these forementioned Indications whether there be a composition or complication of the diseases for as there is one and that a simple indication of one and that a simple disease so must the indication be various of a compound and complicate disease But there is observed to be a triple composition or complication of affects besides nature for either a disease is compounded with a disease as a wound or a plegmon with a fracture of a bone or a disease with a cause as an ulcer with a defluxion or a disease with a symptome as a wound with pain or bleeding It sometimes comes to pass that these three the disease cause and symptome concur in one case or affect In artificially handling of which we must follow Galens counsell Gal. lib. 7. Meth. who wishes in complicated and compounded affects that we resist the more urgent then let us withstand the cause of the disease and lastly that affect without which the rest cannot be cured Which counsell must well be observed for in this composure of affects which distracts the Emperick on the contrary the rational Physitian hath a way prescribed in a few and these excellent words which if he follow in his order of cure he can scarse miss to heal the Patient Symptomes truly as they are symptomes yeeld no indication of curing neither change the order of the cure for when the disease is healed the symptome vanishes as that which follows the disease as a shadow follows the body But symptomes do oftentimes so urge and press How and when we must take indication of curing from a symptome that perverting the whole order of the cure we are forced to resist them in the first place as those which would otherwise increase the disease Now all the formerly mentioned indications may be drawn to two heads the first is to restore the parts to its native temper the other is that the blood offend not either in quantity or quality for when those two are present there is nothing which may hinder the repletion or union of wounds nor ulcers CHAP. IX What remains for the Chirurgeon to do in this kind of Wounds THe Chirurgeon must first of all be skilfull and labour to asswage pain hinder defluxions prescribe a diet in those six things we call not-natural forbidding the use of hot and acrid things as also of Wine for such attenuate humors and make them more apt for defluxion Why such as are wounded must keep a slender diet Therefore at the first let his diet be slender that so the course of the humors may be diverted from the affected part for the stomach being empty and not well filled draws from the parts about it whereby it consequently follows that the utmost and remotest parts are at the length evacuated which is the cause that such as are wounded must keep so spare a diet for the next dayes following Venery is very pernicious for that it inflames the spirits and humors far beyond other motions whereby it happens that the humors waxing hot are too plentifully carried to the wounded and over heated part The bleeding must not be stanched presently upon receiving of the wound for by the more plentiful efflux thereof the part is freed from danger of inflammation and fulness Why we must open a vein in such as are wounded by Gunshot Wherefore if the wound bleed not sufficiently at the first you shall the next day open a vein and take blood according to the strength and plenitude of the Patient for there usually flows no great store of blood from wounds of this nature for that by the greatness of the contusion and vehemency of the moved air the spirits are forced in as also I have observed in those who have one of their limbs taken away with a Cannon bullet For in the time when the wound is received there flows no great quantity of blood although there be large veins and arteries torn in sunder thereby But on the 4 5 6. or some more dayes after the blood flows in greater abundance and with more violence the native
psilium-seeds quince-seeds and other things as are usually given in a Dysentery or bloody flux that such things may hinder the adhesion of the poyson to the coats of the Guts and by their unctuousness retund the acrimony of the poyson and mitigate it any thing shall already be ulcerated absolutely defend the found parts from the malign effects of the poyson But let this be a perpetual Rule That the poyson be speedily drawn back by the same way it entered into the body as if it entered by smelling in at the nostrils let it be drawn back by sneezing if by the mouth into the stomach let it be excluded by vomit if by the fundament into the belly then by glyster if by the privities into the womb then by metrenchites or injections made thereinto if by a bite sting or wound let revulsion be made by such things as have a powerful attractive faculty for thus we make diversions that by these we may not only hinder the poyson from assailing the heart but also that by this means we may draw it from within outwards Wherefore strong ligatures cast about the armes thighs and legs are good in this case Also large cupping glasses applied with flame to sundry parts of the body are good Also baths of warme water with a decoction of such things as resist poyson southern-wood calamint rue betony horehound penny-royal bayes scordium smallage scabious mints valerian and the like are good in this case Also sweats are good being provoked so much as the strength of the patient can endure But if he be very wealthie whom we suspect poysoned it will be safer to put him into the belly of an Ox Horse or Mule and then presently into another assoon as the former is colde that so the poyson may be drawn forth by the gentle and vaporous heat of the new killed beast yet do none of these things without the advice of a Physician if it may conveniently be had CHAP. VII How the corrupt or venemous Air may kill a Man THE air is infected and corrupted by the admixture of malign vapors By how many and what means the air may be infected either arising from the unburied bodies of such as are slain in great conflicts or exhaling out of the earth after earth-quakes for the air long pent up in the cavities and bowels of the earth and deprived of the freedom and commerce of the open air is corrupted and acquires a malign quality which it presently transferreth unto such as meet therewith How thunders and lightnings may infect the air Also there is a certain malignity of the air which accompanieth thunders and lightnings which savors of a sulphureous virulency so that whatsoever wilde beasts shall devour the creatures killed therewith they become mad and die immediately for the fire of lightning hath a far more rapid subtil and greater force then other fires so that it may rightly be termed a Fire of Fires An argument hereof is that it melteth the head of a spear not harming the wood and silver and gold not hurting the purse wherein it is contained Also the air is infected by fumigations which presently admitted into the body and bowels by the mouth and nose in respiration by the skin and arteries in perspiration doth easily kill the spirits and humors being first infected and then within a short space after the solid substance of the principal parts and chiefly of the heart being turned into their nature unless the man be first provided for by sneezing vomiting sweating purgeing by the belly or some other excretion Whether the vapor that ar seth from a burnt thing may poyson one For that poyson which is carried into the body by smell is the most rapid and effectuall by so much as a vapor or exhalation is of more subtil and quicklyer-pierceing essence then an humor Yet notwithstanding wilt thou say it is not credible that any be killed by any vapor raised by the force of fire as of a torch or warming-pan for that the venenate quality of the thing that is burnt is dissipated and consumed by thr force of the fire purging and cleansing all things This reason is falsly feigned to the destruction of the lives of careless people for sulphureous brands kindled at a clear fire do notwithstanding cast forth a sulpherous vapot Whether do not Lignum aloes and juniper when they are burnt in a flame smell less sweetly Pope Clement the seventh of that name the unkle of our Kings mother An history was poysoned by the fume of a poysonous torch that was carried lighted before him and died thereof Mathiolus telleth that there were two Mountebanks in the market-place of Sienna the one of which but smelling to a poisoned gillie-flower given him by the other fell down dead presently A certain man not long ago when he had put to his nose and smelled a little unto a pomander which was secretly poysoned was presently taken with a Vertigo and all his face swelled and unless that he had gotten speedy help by sternutatories and other means he had died shortly after of the same kinde of death that Pope Clement did The safest preservative against such poysons is not to smell to them moreover some affirm that there are prepared some poysons of such force that being annointed but on the saddle they will kill the rider and others that if you but annoint the stirrups therewith they will send so deadly poysonous a quality into the rider through his boots that he shall die thereof within a short time after which things though they be scarce credible because such poysons touch not the naked skin yet have they an example in nature whereby they may defend themselves For the Torpedo sends a narcotick and certainly deadly force into the arm and so into the body of the fisher the cords of the net being between them CHAP. VIII That every kinde of poyson hath its proper and peculiar Signs and Effects AS poysons are distinct in species so each species differs in their signs and effects neither is it possible to find any one kind of poyson which may be accompanied or produce all the signs and effects of all poysons otherwise Physicians should in vain have written of the signs and effects of each of them as also of their proper remedies and attidotes For what kinde of poison shall that be which shall cause a burning heat in the stomach belly liver bladder and kidneys which shall cause a hicketting which shall cause the whole body to tremble and shake which shall take away the voice and speech which shall cause convulsions shall weaken the pulsifick faculty which shall intercept the freedome of breathing which shall stupifie and cast into a dead sleep which shall together and at once cause a Vertigo in the head dimness in the sight a strangling or stoppage of the breath thirst bleeding fever stoppage of the urine perpetual vomitting redness lividness and paleness of the
is delivered by Galen Colchicum or Medow-Saffron Ephemerum which some call Colchicum or Bulbus sylvestris that is medow saffron being taken inwardly causeth an itching over all the body no otherwise then those that are nettled or rubbed with the juice of a Squill Inwardly they feel gnawings their stomach is troubled with a great heaviness and in the disease encreasing there are strakes of blood mixed with the excrements The Antidote The Antidote thereof is womans milk Asses or Cows-milke drunken warm and in a large quantity Mandrag Mandrag taken in great quantity either the root or fruit causeth great sleepines sadness resolution and languishing of the body so that after many scritches and gripings that patient falls asleep in the same posture as he was in just as if he was in a Lethargy Wherefore in times past they gave Mandrag to such as were to be dismembred The apples when as they are ripe and their seeds taken forth may be safely eaten for being green and with their seeds in them they are deadly For there ariseth an intolerable heat which burns the whole surface of the body the tongue and mouth wax dry by reason whereof they gape continually so take it in the cold air and in which case unless they be presently helped they die with convulsions But they may easily be helped if they shall presently drink such things as are convenient therefore The cure Amongst which in Conciliatorâ— opinion excell raddishseeds eaten with salt and bread for the space of three dayes Sreesing shall be procured if the former remedy do not quickly refresh them and a decoction of Coriander or Pennie-roy all in fair water shall be given them to drink warm Opium Why not used in poysonings The ungrateful taste of the juice of black poppy which is termed Opium as also of Mandrag easily hinders them from being put into meat or drink but that they may be discerned and chiefly for that neither of them can kill unless they be taken in a good quantity But because there is danger lest they be given in greater quantity then is fitting by the ignorance of Physicians or Apothecaries you may by these signs finde the error Thesâ—mâ— to 〈◊〉 There ensues heavy sleep with a vehement itching so that the patient oft-times is forced thereby to cast off his dull sleep wherein he lay yet he keeps his eie-lids shut being unable to open them By this agitation there flows out sweat which smells of â—riâ—m the body waxeth pale the lips burn the jawbone is relaxed they breath little and seldom When as their eies wax livid unless they be drawn aside and that they are depressed from their orb we must know that death is at hand The remedy against this is two drams of the powder of Castoreum given in wine Hemlock drunken causeth Vertigos troubleth the minde Hemlock The symptom so that the patients may be taken for mad men it darkneth the sight causeth hicketting and benums the extreme parts lastly strangles with convulsions by suppressing or stopping the breath of the Artery Whereof at the first as in other poysons you must endeavor to expell it by vomit then inject glysters to expell that which is got into the guts then use wine without mixture which is very powerful in this case Peter Aponensis thinks the Bezoar or Antidote thereof to be a potion of two drams of Treacle The Antidote with a decoction of Dictamnus or Gentian in wine He which further desires to inform himself of the effects of Hemlock let him read Matthiolus his commentary upon Dioscorides In lib. 6. diosc where he treats of the same subject Aconitum called of Aconis a town of the Periendines whereas it plentifully grows Aconitum According to Matthiolus it kills Wolves Foxes Dogs Cats Swine Panthers Leopards and all wilde beasts mixed with flesh and so devoured by them but it kills mice by onely smelling thereto Scorpions if touched by the root of Aconite grow numme and torpid and so die thereof arrows or darts dipped therein make incureable wounds Those who have drunk Aconite their tongue forthwith waxeth sweet with a certain astriction which within a while turneth to bitterness it causeth a Vertigo and shedding of tears and a heaviness or straitness of the chest and parts about the heart it makes them break wind downwards and makes aâ—l the body to tremble Lib. 27. cap. 2. Pliny attributes so great celerity and violence to this poyson that if the genitals of female creatures bee touched therewith it will kill the same day there is no presenter remedy then speedy vomiting after the poyson is taken But Conciliator thinks Aristolochia to be the Antidote thereof Yet some have made it useful for man by experimenting it against the stinging of Scorpions Aconite good against the poison of Scorpions being given warm in wine For it is of such a nature that it killeth the party unless it finde something in him to kill for then it strives therewith as if it had found an adversary But this fight is onely when as it finds poyson in the body and this is marvelous that both the poysons being of their own nature deadly should die together that man may by that means live There are divers sorts thereof one whereof hath a flower like an helmet as if it were armed to mans destruction The differences but the other here delineated hath leavs like to sows-bread or a cucumber and a root like the tail of a Scorpion The figure of a Certain kind of Aconite Trees also are not without poyson The Yew as the Yew and Walnut tree may witness Cattle if they feed on the leaves of Yew are killed therewith * This is true in some countries as in provence Italy Greece c. but it is not so here with us in England as both Lobeâ— and daily experience can testifie But men if they sleep under it or sit under the shadow thereof are hurt therewith and oft-times die thereof But if they eat it they are taken with a bloody flux and a coldness over all their bodies and a kind of strangling or stoppage of their breath All which things the Yew causeth not so much by an elementary and cold quality as by a certain occult malignity whereby it corrupteth the humors and shaveth the guts The same things are good against this The Antidote as we have set down against Hemlock Nicander affirms that good wine being drunken is a remedy thereto There is also malignity in a Wall-nut-tree The Wall-nut tree which Grevinus affirms that he found by experience whilst he unawares sate under one and slept there in the midst of Summer For waking he had a sence of cold over all his body a heaviness of his head and pain that lasted six dayes The remedies are the same as against the Yew CHAP. XXXVI Of Bezoar and Bezoartick medicines What poyson is FOR that we
hinder natures diligence and care of concoction For as in the Dog-Dayes the lees of wine subsiding to the bottom are by the strength and efficacie of heat drawn up to the top and mixed with the whole substance of the wine as it were by a certain ebullition or working so melancholick humors being the dregs or lees of the blood stirred by the passions of the minde defile or taint all the blood with their seculent impurity We found that some years agon by experience at the battle of S. Dennis For all wounds by what weapon soever they were made degenerated into great and filthy putrefactions and corruptions with severs of the like nature and were commonly determined by death what medicines and how diligently soever they were applied which caused many to have a false suspicion that the weapons on both sides were poysoned But there were manifest signs of corruption and putrefaction in the blood let the same day that any were hurt and in the principal parts disected afterwards that it was from no other cause then an evil constitution of the air and the mindes of the Souldiers perverted by hate anger and fear CHAP. V. What signs in the Air and Earth prognosticate a Plague WEe may know a plague to be at hand and hang over us if at any time the air and seasons of the year swerve from their natural constitution after those waies I have mentioned before if frequent and long continuing Meteors or sulphureous Thunders infect the air Why abortions are frequent in a pestilent season if fruits seeds and pulie be worm-eaten If birds forsake their nests eggs or young without any manifest cause if we perceive women commonly to abort by continual breathing in the vaporous air being corrupted and hurtful both to the Embryon and original of life and by which it being suffocated is presently cast forth and expelled Yet notwithstanding those airy impressions do not solely courrupt the air but there may be also others raised by the Sun from the filthy exhalations and poysonous vapors of the earth and waters or of dead carkasses which by their unnatural mixture easily corrupt the air subject to alteration as that which is thin and moist from whence divers Epidemial diseases and such as are every-where seize upon the common sort according to the several kinds of corruptions A Catarrh with difficulty of breathing killing many such as that famous Catarrh with difficulty of breathing which in the year 1510 went almost all over the world and raged over all the Cities and Towns of France with great heaviness of the head whereupon the French named it Cuculla with a straitness of the heart and lungs and a cough a continual fever and sometimes raving This although it seized upon many more then it killed yet because they commonly died who were either let blood or purged it shewed it self pestilent by that violent and peculiar and unheard of kinde of malignity The English Sweating-sickness Such also was the English Sweating-sickness or Sweating-fever which unusual with a great deal of terror invaded all the lower parts of Germany and the Low-Countries from the year 1525 unto the year 1530 and that chiefly in Autumn As soon as this pestilent disease entred into any City suddenly two or three hundred fell sick on one day then it departed thence to some other place The people strucken with it languishing fel down in a swound and lying in their beds sweat continually having a fever a frequent quick and unequal pulse neither did they leave sweating till the disease left them which was in one or two daies at the most yet freed of it they languished long after they all had a beating or palpitation of the heart which held some two or three years and others all their life after At the first beginning it killed many before the force of it was known but afterwards very few when it was found out by practice and use that those who furthered and continued their sweats and strengthened themselves with cordials were all restored But at certain times many other popular diseases sprung up as putrid fevers fluxes bloody-fluxes catarrhs coughs phrenzies squinances plurisies inflamations of the lungs inflamations of the eies apoplexies lithargies The Plague is not the definite name of one disease small pox and meazles scabs carbuncles and malign pustles Wherefore the Plague is not alwaies nor every-where of one and the same kinde but of divers which is the cause that divers names are imposed upon it according to the variety of the effects it brings and symptoms which accompany it and kinds of putrefaction and hidden qualities of the air What signs in the earth foreteâ—l a plague They affirm when the Plague is at hand that Mushroms grow in greater abundance out of the Earth and upon the surface thereof many kinds of poysonous insecta creep in great numbers as Spiders Catterpillers Butter-flies Grass-hoppers Beetles Hornets Wasps Flies Scorpions Snails Locusts Toads Worms and such things as are the off-spring of putrefaction And also wilde beasts tired with the voporous malignity of their dens and caves in the Earth forsake them and Moles Toads Vipers Snakes Lizards Asps and Crocodiles are seen to flie away and remove their habitations in great troops For these as also some other creatures have a manifest power by the gift of God and the instinct of Nature to presage changes of weather as rains showrs and fair weather and seasons of the year as the Spring Summer Autumn Winter which they testifie by their singing chirping crying flying playing and bearing with their wings and such like signs so also they have a perception of a Plague at hand And moreover the carkasses of some of them which took less heed of themselves suffocated by the pestiferous poyson of the ill air contained in the earth may be every-where found not onely in their dens but also in the plain fields These vapors corrupted not by a simple putrefaction but an occult malignity How pestilent vapors may kill plants and trees are drawn out of the bowels of the earth into the air by the force of the Sun and Stars and thence condensed into clouds which by their falling upon corn trees and grass infect and corrupt all things which the earth produceth and also kills those creatures which feed upon them yet brute beasts sooner then men as which stoop and hold their heads down towards the ground the maintainer and breeder of this poyson that they may get their food from thence Therefore at such times skilful husbandmen taught by long experience never drive their Cattle or Sheep to pasture before that the Sun by the force of his beams hath wasted and dissipated into air this pestiferous dew hanging and abiding upon the boughs and leaves of trees herbs corn and fruits But on the contrary that pestilence which proceeds from some malign quality from above by reason of evil and certain conjunction of the Stars is
Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must be macerated one night in sharp Vineger and Aqua vitae and then tied in a knot as big as an egg or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous virtue and strength of aromatick things then a sponge Wherefore it is of principal use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithems and Fomentations to the heart Of what nature the medicines outwardly used ought to be Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the year and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equal parts of vineger of Roses and Rose-water into which you must dip a sponge which rowled in a fair linnen cloth you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Worm-wood half a handful ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drams of vineger and Rose-water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dram beat and mix them well all together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above said They may also be inclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or cypress and so carried for the same purpose But there is nothing more easie to be carryed then Pomanders the form of which is thus Take of yellow Sanders Mace Citron-pills Rose and Mirtle-leavs of each two drams of Benzoin Ladanum Storax of each half a dram of Cinnamon and Saffron of each two scruples of Camphire and Amber-Greece of each one scruple of Musk three grains Make thereof a Pomander with Rose-water with the infusion of Tragacanth Or take red-Rose-leavs Pomanders the flowers of Water-lillies and Violets of each one ounce of the three Sanders Coriander-seeds Citron-pills of each half an ounce of Camphire one dram let them all be made into powder and with Water of Roses and Tragacanth make a pomander In the Winter it is to be made thus Take of Storax Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Musk half a scruple of Cloves Lavander and Ciperus of each two drams of the root of Orris i.e. Flower-de-luce and Calamus aromaticus of each two drams and a half of Amber-Greece three drams of Gum-Tragacanth dissolved in Rose-water and aqua vitae as much as shall suffice make thereof a Pomander And for the same purpose you may also use to carry about with you sweet powders Sweet powders made of Amber-Greece Storax Orris Nutmegs Cinnamon Mace Cloves Saffron Benzoin Musk Camphire Roses Violets Juncus odoratus Marjarum and such like of which being mixed together Powders may be compounded and made Take of the roots of Orris two drams of Cyperus Calamus aromatïcus red Roses of each half an ounce of Cloves half a dram of Storax one dram of Musk eight grains mix them and make a powder for a bag or take the roots of Orris two ounces red Rose-leavs white Sanders Storax of each one dram of Cyperus one ounce of Calamus aromaticus one ounce of Marjarum half an ounce of Cloves three drams of Lavander half a dram of Coriander-seeds two drams of good Musk half a Scruple of Ladanum and Benzoin of each a dram of Nutmegs and Cinnamon of each two drams Make thereof a fine powder and sow it in a bag It will be very convenient also to apply to the region of the heart Bags a bag filled with yellow Sanders Mace Cloves Cinnamon Saffron and Treacle shaken together and incorporated and sprinkled over with strong vinegar and Rose-water in Summer and with strong wine and Muskadine in the Winter The sweet Aromatick things that are so full of spirits smelling sweetly and strongly have admirable vertues to strengthen the principal parts of the body and to stir up the expulsive faculty to expel the poyson Contrarywise those that are stinking and unsavory procure a desire to vomit Unsavory things to be eschewed and dissolution of the powers by which it is manifest how foolish and absurd their perswasion is that counsel such as are in a pestilent constitution of the Air to receive and take in the stinking and unsavory vapours of sinks and privies and that especially in the morning But it will not suffice to carry those preservatives alone without the use of any other thing but it will be also very profitable to wash all the whole body in Vinegar of the decoction of Juniper and Bay-berries the Roots of Gentian Marigolds S. Johns-Wort and such like with Treacle or Mithridate also dissolved in it For vinegar is an enemy to all poysons in general whether they be hot or cold for it resisteth and hindereth putrefaction Neither is it to be feared that it should obstruct the pores by reason of its coldness if the body be bathed in it for it is of subtil parts and the spices boiled in it have virtue to open Whosoever accounteth it hurtful to wash his whole body therewith let him wash only his arm-holes the region of his heart his temples groins parts of generation as having great and marvellous sympathy with the principal and noble parts If any mislike bathing let him annoint himself with the following Unguent An Unguent Take oyl of Roses four ounces oyl of Spike two ounces of the powder of Cinnamon and Cloves of each one ounce and a half of Benzoin half an ounce of Musk six grains of Treacle half a dram of Venice-Turpentine one dram and a half of Wax as much as shall suffice make thereof a soft Unguent You may also drop a few drops of oyl of Mastich of Sage or of Cloves and such like into the ears with a little Civet or Musk. CHAP. IX Of other things to be observed for prevention in fear of the Plague VEnery is chiefly to be eschewed for by it the powers are debilitated Why Venery is to be shunned the spirits dissipated and the breathing places of the body diminished and lastly all the strength of nature weakned A sedentary life is to be shunned as also excess in diet for hence proceeds obstruction the corruption of the juices and preparation of the body to putrefaction and the pestilence Women must be very careful that they have their courses duely for stopping besides the custom they easily acquire corruption and draw by contagion the rest of the humors into their society Such as have fistuloes or otherwise old ulcers must not heal them up in a pestilent season Running ulcers good in time of pestilence for it is then more convenient rather to make new ones and these in convenient and declining places that as by these channels the sink of the humors of the body may be emptied The Hemorhoids bleedings and other the like accustomed evacuations must
brought to King Charls the ninth being then at Metz. * The shape of a monster found in an Egg. The effigies of a monstrous b Childe having two heads two arms and four legs In the year 1546. a woman at Paris in her sixth month of her account brought forth a b Childe having two heads two armes and four legs I dissecting the body of it found but one heart by which one may know it was but one infant For you may know this from Aristotle whether the monstrous birth be one or more joyned together by the principal part for if the body have but one heart it is but one if two it is double by the joyning together in the conception In the year 1569. a certain woman of Towers was delivered of * Twins joyned together with one head and naturally embracing each other Renatus Ciretus the famous Chirurgian of thoâ—e paâ—ts sent me their Sceleton The pâ—rtraiture of * Twins joined together with one head The effigies of two c Girls being twins jâ—ined together by their fore-heads Munster writes that in the village Bristan not far from Worms in the year 1495. he saw two c Girls perfect and entire in every part of their bodies but they had their foreheads so joined together that they could not be parted or severed by any art they lived together ten years then the one dying it was needful to separate the living from the dead but she did not long out-live her sister by reason of the malignity of the wound made in parting them asunder In the year of our Lord 1570. the twentieth of Julie at Paris in the street Gravilliers at the sign of the Bell these two infants weâ—e boâ—n differing in sex with that shape of body that you see here expressed in the figure They were baptized in the Church of St. Nicolas of the fâ—elds and named Ludâ—vicus and Ludâ—vica their father was a Mason his name was Peter Germane his surname Petit Dieu i. little-God his mothers name was Mathea Petronilla The shape of the infants lately born at Paris In the year 1572. in Pont de See near Anger 's a little town were born upon the tenth daie of Julie two girles perfect in their limbs but that they had out four fingerr a piece on their left hands they clave together in their fore parts from their breast to their navel which was but one as their heart also but one their liver was divided into four lobes they lived half an hour and were baptized The figure of two girls joined together in their breasts and belly The figure of a childe with two heads and the body as big as one of four moneths old Var. lect lib. 24. cap. â— Caelius Rhodiginus tells that in a town of his country called Sarzano Italie being troubled with civil Wars there was born a monster of unusual bigness for he had two heads having all his limbs answerable in greatness and tallness to a childe of four months old between his two heads which were both alike at the setting on of the shoulder it had a third hand put forth which did not exceed the ears in length for it was not all seen it was born the 5. of the Ides of March 1514. The figure of one with four legs and as manie arms Jovianus Pontanus tells in the year 1529. the ninth daie of Januarie there was a man childe born in Germanie having four arms and as many legs The figure of a man out of whose belly another head shewed it self In the year that Francis the first King of France entered into league with the Swisses there was born a monster in Germanie out the midst of whose bellie there stood a great head it came to mans age and his lower and as it were inserted head was nourished as much as the true and upper head The shape of two Monstrous Twins being but of one only Sex The shape of a monstrous Pig In the year 1572. the last day of February in the parish of Vinban in the way as you go from Carnuta to Paris in a small village called Bordes one called Cypriana Giranda the wife of James Merchant a husbandman brought forth this monster whose shape you see here delineated which lived until the Sunday following being but of one only sex which was the female In the year 1572. on Easter Munday at Metz in Lorain in the Inn whose signe is the Holie Ghost a Sow pigged a pig which had eight legs four ears and the head of a dog the hinder part from the belly downward was parted in two as in twins but the fore-parts grew into one it had two tongues in the mouth with four teeth in the upper jaw and as many in the lower The sex was not to be distinguished whether it were a Bore or Sow pig for there was one slit under the tail and the hinder parts were all rent and open The shape of this Monster as it is here set down was sent me by Borgesius the famous Physician of Metz. CHAP. III. Of women bringing many Children at one birth WOman is a creature bringing usually but one at a birth but there have been some who have brought forth two some three some four some five six or more at one birth Empedocles thought that the abundance of seed was the cause of such numerous births the Stoiks affirm the divers cells or partitions of the womb to be the cause 4 De gen anim c. p. 4. for the seed being variously parted into these partitions and the conception divided there are more children brought forth no otherwise then in rivers the water beating against the rocks is turned into divers circles or rounds But Aristotle saith there is no reason to think so for in women that parting of the womb into cells as in dogs and sows taketh no place for womens wombs have but one cavitie parted into two recesses the right and left nothing comming between except by chance distinguished by a certain line for often twins lie in the same side of the womb Aristotles opinion is that a woman cannot bring forth more then five children at one birth The maid of Augustus Cesar brought forth five at a birth and a short while after she and her children died In the year 1554. at Bearn in Switzerland the wife of Dr. John Gelenger brought forth five children at one birth three boyes and two girls Albucrasis affirms a woman to have been the mother of seven children at one birth and another who by some external injurie did abort brought forth fifteen perfectly shaped in all their parts Lib. 7. Cap 11. Cap 3. Plinie reports that it was extant in the writings of Physicians that twelve children were born at one birth and that there was another in Peloponnesus which four several times was delivered of five children at one birth and that the greater part of those children lived It is reported by Dalechampiâ—â— that Bonaventura the slave of one Savil a gentleman of
Christ and love toward his neighbors with hope of life everlasting left that he being carried away by favor or corrupted with money or rewards should affirm or testifie those wounds to be small that are great and those great that are small for the report of the wound is received of the Surgeon according to the Civil Law Wounds termes great for three respects It is recorded in the works of antient Physicians that wounds may be called great for three respect The first is by reason of the greatness of the dissolved Unity or resolution of Continuity and such are these wounds which made by a violent stroke with a back-sword have cut off the arm or leg or overthwart the breast The second is by reason of the dignity or worthiness of the paâ—t now this dignity dependeth on the excellency of the action therefore thus any little wound made with a bodkin knife in any part whose substance is noble as in the brai Heart Liver or any other part whose action and function is necessary to preserve life as in the Weasant Lungs or Bladder is iudged great The third is by reason of the greatness and ill habit or the abundance of ill humors or debility of all the wounded body so those wounds that are made in the nervous parts and old decayed people are said to be great But in seaching of wounds let the surgeon take heed that he be not deceived by his probe For many times it cannot go into the bottom of the wound but stoppeth and sticketh in the way either because he hath not placed the patient in the same posture wherein he was when he received his hurt or else for that the stroke being made down right slipt aside to the right or left hand or else from below upwards or from above downwards and then he may expect that the wound is but little and will be cured in a short time How long a Surgeon must suspend his judgment in some cases when it is like to be long in curing or else mortal Therefore from the first day it behooveth him to suspend his judgment of the wound until the ninth for in time the accidents will shew themselves manifestly whether they he small or great according to the condition of the wound or wounded bodies and the state of the air according to his prinitive qualities or venemous corruption General signs whereby we judg of diseases But generally the signs whereby we may judg of diseases whether they be great or small of long or short continuance mortal or not mortal are four For they are drawn either from the nature and essence of the disease or from the cause or effects thereof or else from the similitude proportion and comparison of those diseases with the season or present constitution of the times Therefore if we are called to the cure of a green wound whose nature and danger is no other but a simple solution of Continuity in the musculous flesh we may presently pronounce that wound to be of no danger and that it will soon be cured But if it have an Ulcer annexed unto it that is if it be fanious then we may say it will be more difficult and long in curing and so we may pronounce of all diseases taking a sign of their essence and nature But of the signs that are taken of the causes let this be an example A wound that is made with a sharp-pointed and heavy weapon as with an halberd being stricken with great violence must be accounted great yea and also mortal if the accidents be correspondent But if the patient fall to the ground through the violence of the stroke if a cholerick vomiting following thereon if his sight fail him together with a giddiness if blood come forth at his eyes and nostrils if distraction follow with loss of memory and sense of feeling we may say that all the hope of life remaineth in one small sign which is to be deduced from the affects of the wound But by comparing it unto the season that then is and diseases that then assault mans body Wounds deadly by the fault of the air we may say that all those that are wounded with Gun-shot are in danger of death as it happened in the skirmishes at the siege of Rean and at the battle of Saint Denis For at that time whether it were by reason of the sault of the heavens or air through the evil humors of mans body and the disturbance of them all wounds that were made by Gun-shot were for the most part mortal So likewise at certain seasons of the year we see the small-pocks and meazles break forth in children as it were by a certain pestilent contagion to the destruction of children only inferring a most cruel vomit and lask and in such a season the judgment of those diseases is not difficult Signs of a fractured scull But you by the following signs may know what parts are wounded If the patient fall down with the stroke if he lye â—ensless as it were asleep if he avoid his excrements unwittingly if he be taken with giddiness if blood come out at his ears mouth and nose and if he vomit choler you may understand that the scull is fractured or pierced through by the defect in his understanding and discourse You also may know when the scull is fractured by the judgment of your external senses as if by feeling it with your finger you finde it elevated or depressed beyond the natural limits if by striking it with the end of a probe when the Perictanium or nervous film that investeth the scull is cut cross-wise and so divided there from it it yield a base and unperfect sound like unto a pot-sheard that is broken or rather like to an earthen-pitcher that hath a cleft or rent therein But we may say that death is at hand if his reason and understanding fail him Signs of death by a wound on the head if he be speechless if his sight forsake him if he would tumble head-long out of his bed being not at all able to remove the other parts of his body if he have a continual fever if his tongue be black with driness if the edges of the wound be black or drye and cast forth no sanions matter if they resemble the colour of salted-flesh if he have an apoplexy phrensie convulsion or palsie with an involuntary excretion or absolute suppression of the urine and excrements Signs that the throat is cut You may know that a man hath his throat that is his weason and winde-pipe cut First by the sight of his wound and next by the abolishment of the function or office thereof both wayes for the patient can neither speak nor swallow any meat or drink and the parts that are cut asunder divide themselves by retraction upwards or downwards one from another whereof cometh sudden or present death You may know that a wound hath pierced into the brest or
Savoy with six other Surgeons following the Army to see the hurt of the said Lord of Martigues and to know of me how I had dressed him and with what medicines The Emperors Physician bid me declare the essence of the wound and how I had drest it Now all the assistants had a very attentive ear to know if the wound were mortal or not I began to make a discourse that Monsieur de Martigues looking over the wall to perceive them that did undermine it received a shot from an Arquebus quite through the body presently I was called to dress him I saw he cast out blood out of his mouth and his wounds Moreover he had a great difficulty of breathing and cast out winde by the said wounds with a whistling in so much that it would blow out a candle and he said he had a most sharp pricking pain at the entrance of the bullet I do beleive and think it might be some little pieces of bones which prickt the Lungs When they made their Systole and Diastole I put my finger into him where I found the entrance of the bullet to have broken the fourth Rib in the middle and scales of bones which the said bullet had thrust in and the out-going of it had likewise broken the fifth Rib with pieces of bones which had been driven from within outward I drew out some but not all because they were very deep and adherent I put in each wound a Tent having the head very large tied with a thred lest by the inspiration it might be drawn into the capacity of the Thorax which hath been known by experience to the detriment of the poor wounded for being faln in it cannot be taken out which is the cause that engenders putrefaction a thing contrary to nature The said Tents were annointed with a medicine composed of yelks of eggs Venice-turpentine with a little oyl of Roses My intention for putting the Tents was to stay the flux of blood and to hinder that the outward air did not enter into the brest which might have cooled the Lungs and by consequent the heart The said Tents were also put to the end that issue might be given for the blood that was spilt within the Thorax I put upon the wound great Emplasters of Di acolcitheos in which I had relented oyl of Roses and Vineger to the avoiding of the inflammation then I put great stupes of Oxycrate and bound him up but not too hard to the end he might have easie respiration that done I drew from him five porrengers of blood from the Basilisk vein of the right arm to the end to make revulsion of the blood which runs from the wounds into the Thorax having first taken indication from the wounded part and chiefly his forces considering his youth and sanguine temper He presently after went to stool and by his urine and sieg cast great quantity of blood And as for the pâ—â—n which he said he felt at the entrance of the bullet which was as if he had been pricked with a bodkinâ— that was because the Lungs by their motion beat against the splinters of the Broken Rib. Now the Lungs are covered with a coat comming from the membrane called Pleura interweâ—ved with nerves of the sixt Conjugation from the brain which was cause of the extreme pain â—e self likewise he had great difficulty of breathing which proceededd from the blood which was spilt in the capacity of the Thorax and upon the Diaphragm the principal instrument of respiration and from the dilaceration of the muscles which are between each Rib which help also to make the expiration and the inspiration and likewise because the Lungs were torn and wounded by the bâ—llet which hath caused him ever since to spit black and putrid blood in coughing The fever seised him soon after he was hurt with faintings and swoonings It seemed to me that the said fever proceeded from the putredinous vapors arising from the blood which is out of his proper vessels which hath falln down and will yet flow down The wound of the Lungs is grown great and will grow more great because it is in perpetual motion both sleeping and waking and is dilated and comprest to let the air to the heart and cast fuliginous vapors out by the unnatural heat is made inflammation then the expulsive vertue is constrained to cast out by cough whatsoever is obnoxious unto it for the Lungs cannot be purged but by coughing and by coughing the wound is dilated and grows greater from whence the blood issues out with great abundance which blood is drawn from the heart by the vein arterial to give them nourishment and to the heart by the vena cava his meat was barly broath stued prunes somtimes Panado his drink was Ptisan He could not lye but upon his baâ—k which shewed he had a great quantity of blood spilt within the capacity of the Thorax and being spread or spilled along the spondyls doth not so much press the Lungs as it doth being lain on the sides or â—itting What shall I say more but that the said Lord Martigues since the time he was hurt hath not reposed one hour only and hath alwaies cast out bloody urines and stools These things then Messieres considered one can make no other prognostick but that he will dye in a few dayes which is to my great grief Having ended my discourse I â—rest him as I was wont having discovered his wounds the Physicians and other assistants presently knew the truth of what I had said The said Physiciâ—ns having felt his pulse and known his forces to be almost spent and abolished they concluded with me that in a few dayes he would dye and at the same instant went all toward the Lord of Savoy where they all said that the said Lord Martigues would dye in a short time he answered it were possible if he were well drest he might escape Then they all with with one voice said he had been very well drest and sollicited with all things necessary for the curing of his wounds and could not be better and that it was impossible to cure him and that his wound was mortal of necessity The Monsieur de Savoy shewed himself to be very much discontented and wept and asked them again if for certain they all held him deplored and remediless they answered yes Then a certain Spanish impostor offered himself who promised on his life that he would cure him and if he failed to cure him they should cut him in an hundred pieces but he would not have any Physicians Surgeons or Apoâ—hecaries with him And at the same instant the said Lord of Savoy told the Physicians and Surgeons they should not in any wise go any more to see the said Lord of Martigues And he sent a Genâ—leman to me to forbiâ— me upon pain of life not to touch any more the said Lord of Martigues which I promised not to do wherefore I was very glad seeing he
muscles 83 Cridones what disease and the cure 227 Crocodiles may be tamed 51 Crookedness how helped 568 Crural vein 159. Artery 160 Crureus musculus 165 Crus how taken 158 Crystallinus humor 129 Cubit the bones and muscles thereof 153 Cubit-bones the fractures of them 357 Cuboides os 118 Cupping glasses and their use 442 443. Their use and the cure of a Bubo 551 Cures accidental and strange 33 34. deceitful ibid. Custom how forcible 21 Cuticle the matter quantity figure c. thereof 60 Cuttel-fish his craft 45 Cysticae gemellae 77 D. DArtos 83 Death the inevitable cause thereof 27. How suddain to many 499 Definition of Surgery 1 Definition how dâ—fferent from a description 54 Defluxion of humors how diverted 182 Delirium the causes thereof 237. The cure ibid. Deliverance in childe-birth how furthered 601. Which difficult 602. Which easie ibid. Deltoides musculus 153 Dentifrices their differences matter and form 716 Depilatories Derma 60 Detersives 185 697. their use ibid. Devils and their differences 659. Their titles and names 660. They are terrified and angred by divers things 662 Devil of the Sea 671 Diabete what the causes signs and cure 438 Diaphoretick medicines 109 Diaphragma See Midriff why called Phrenes 98 Diaphysis what 164 Diary fever the causes and signs 185. the cure ibid. Diarthrosis 173 Die-bone 167 Diet hath power to alter or preserve the temperament 19 Diet convenient for such as have the Gout 451. For such as fear the stone 422. In prevention of the Plague 529. In the cure thereof 541 Differences of muscles 65 Digitum flexores musculi 156 157 168 169 Digitum tensores musculi 156 157 168 160 Diploe what 114 Disease the definition and division thereof 30. causes ibid. Diseases strange and monstrous 33 Diseases incident to sanguine cholerick phlegmatick and melancholick persons 11. wherefore some are hereditary 590. supernatural 661. Monstrous accidents in them 666 Dislocations their kindes and manner 348. their differences 349. causes ibid. Signs ibid prognosticks 371. The general cure Symptoms that may befall a dislocated member Dislocation of the jaw 373. The cure 374. ibid. Of the Collar bone ibid. Of the spine 375. Of the head ibid. Of the neck 378. Of the Rump ibid Of the ribs ibid. Of the shoulder ibid. Of the elbow 396. Of the Styliformis processus 397. Of the wrist 398. Of the afterwrist 398. Of the fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlbone 394. Of the knee forwards 395. Of the greater and lesser Focile 396. Of the heel ibid. Of the Pastern or ankle-bone 397. Of the instep and back of the foot ibid. Of the toes ibid. Dismembring See Amputation Distemperature and the diversity thereof 28 Distillation and the kindes thereof 725. Fornaces and the vessels therefore 726. What to be considered therein 727. How to prepare the materials therefore 728. How to distill waters 729. How Aqua vitae 730. How to rectifie them ibid. To distil in the Sun ibid. By filtring ibid. Of Oils 732. Of Spirits 733. Of Oils of Gums ibid. Of Oil of Vitriol 735 Docility of Beasts 45 Dogs their love to their masters 40. Their docility 45. Why they become mad sooner then other creatures 504. How their bites may be known ibid. Prognosticks 505. The cure of such as are bitten by them 506 Dorvenium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 518 Doves free from adultery 40 Draco marinus the sea-Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptoms and cure 515 Dracunculus what 224. The cure ibid. Dragons their craft 45 Dreams of the sanguine cholerick phlegmatick and melancholick persons 11. Not to be neglected 24 Dropsie what 213. The differences Symptoms and causes 214. Signs and Prognosticks ibid. The cure ibid. Following upon a tumor of the mesentery 621 Dugs their substance magnitude c. 95. What to be done to drie up milk 612 Duodenum the magnitude c. 72 Dura mater what 114. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 265 Remedies for the inflammation and Apostumation thereof ibid. Why it easily endures acrid medicines 289 E. EArs their parts and composure 132. Their wounds and cure 273. To supply their defects 567. Their ulcers 336. Their stoppâ—ng and things falling into them how helped 412 Ears of the heart 101 Ear wax for what use it serves 133 Earth a cold and drye element 3 Earthquakes their cause 293 Ecchomosis what and how cured 243 Echo the cause thereof 133 Effects of Phlegm 9. Of choler and melancholy ibid. Ejaculatory vessels in men 94. In women 89 Elbow the dislocation thereof 386. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 386. To the inside 387. Why most subject to the anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principal qualities 3. What those of generation are 4. What those of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 292 Elephants their strength piety c 40. Where bred and their qualities 681 Embalming the dead 748. The manner how 789 Embryon when it takes that name 566 Embrocation what and how performed 711 Emollient and resolving medicines 195 Emplasters what their differences 708. Signs they are perfectly boyled 708. Their use 710. Cautions in their application 191 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 708. De gratia Dei ibid. De Bâ—tonica sive de fanua ibid. Oxycrotium 709. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmâ—cum seu nigrum 110. Diacalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupâ—uriâ—â— ibid. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De nunio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 212. The cure thereof ibid. Emptiness 25 Emulgens Arteria 78. Vena 80 Enarâ—hrosis a kinde of Articulation 172 Enterocele a kinde of Rupture 216 Ephemera febris 185. The causes and signs thereof ibid The cure ibid. Epidermis 60 Epidydemis 83 Epigastrium what 59. The conteining parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 81 Epiglottis what 15 Epiploon what 69 Epiâ—lois vena 78 Epiplocele 216 Epithemes to strengthen the principal parts 691. their composition and use 711 Epomis musculus 153 Epulis what the symptoms and cure 207 Epulotick or skinning medicines their kindes and use 699 Errhines their differences description and use 714 Erysipelas what 187. what tumor referred thereto 180. the differences thereof 180. Prognosticks 238. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 83 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 553. Medicines causing it 700 Escharotticks 700. Why used to spread ulcers 283 Estridg between a bird and a beast 778. The sceleton of one ibid. Evacuation and the kindes thereof 25. What to be observed therein 26 Eunuches assimilated to women 11 Excrements of the fi st second and third concoction what 598 Exercise the use and best time for it 23. The quality thereof ibid. Exomphalos or standing forth of the navel 216 Exostosis in Lue Venerea 478 Experience without reason of what account 30 Eye brows 142 Eye-lids ibid. To stay them being too lax 402. To open them fastned together 404. To help their itching ibid. Eyes their sight and quickneâ—s 127. Figure composure
Frictions their kindes and use 25 Fuci how made 721 Fumigations their differences matter and form 717 Fundament the falling down thereof 223. The causes and cures 640 Fungus an excrescence sometimes happening in Fractures of the scull 263 G GAlens Effigies and praise 740 Gall and the bladder thereof c. 76 Ganglion what 317. properly so called ibid. Gangrene what 317. The general and particular causes 318. That which is occasioned by cold upon what part it seizes ibid. Signs 319. Prognosticks ibid. The generall cure 320. The particular cure ibid. Gargareon 336 Gargarisms their matter and form 716. repelling ripening and detergent ones 211 Garlick good against the Plague 530 Gastrica vena 61 Gastropiplois vena ibid. Major ibid. Geese their wâ—rriness in flying over mount Taurus 45 Gemelli musculi 168 Gemini musculi 163 Generation what it is 15. What necessary thereto 592 Generation of the Navil 594 Giddiness see Vertigo Ginglymos what 173 Giraffa astrange beast 681 Glandula what sort of tumor 293 Glandula lacrymalis 127 Glandules in general 75. At the root of the tongue 135. Their inflammation and cure 208 Glans penâ—s 87. Not rightly perforated how to be helped 419 Glysters their differences materials c. 702. Several descriptions of them 703. They may nourish ibid. Goats dung is good to discuss schirrous tumors 195 Golden ligatures how made 219 Gomplosis what 173 Gonorrhea how different from a virulent strangury 472. the cure 473 Gout the names and kindes thereof 444. the occult causes thereof ibid. the manifest causes thereof 446. out of what parts it may flow 447. signs that it flows from the Brain or Liver ibid. How to know this or that humor acconpanying the Gouty malignity ibid. Prognosticks 448 The general method to prevent and cure it 449. Vomiting sometimes good 450. Other general remedies ibid. Diet convenient 451. What wine not good 452. How to strengthen the joints ibid. The palliative cure thereof ibid. Local medicines in a cold Gout 453. In a hot or sanguine Gout 455. In a Cholerick Gout 456. What is to be done after the fit is over 458. Tophi or knots how caused ibid. The hip-gout or sciatica 459. The cure thereof 460 Gristles what 95. of the nose 130. of the Larinx 136 Groins their wounds 282. Their tumo s see Bubos Guajacum the choise faculties and parts 465. The preparation of the decoction thereof ibid. The use 466 Gullet and the history thereof 110. The wounds thereof 273 Gums overgrown with flesh how to be helped 207 Guns who their inventor 286. Their force 287. the cause of their reports 293 Gun-powder not poisonous 289 290. How made ibid. Gutta rosacea what 723. The cure ibid. Guts their substance figure and number 72. Their site and connexion 73. Action ibid. How to be taken forth 80. Signs that they are wounded 280. Their cure 281. Their Ulcers 337 H HAemorroids what then differences and cure 342. In the neck of the womb 638 Haemorrhoidalis interna 62. Externa 81 Haemorrhoidalis arteria sive mesenterica inferior 79 Haemorrhous a Serpent his bite the signs and cure 508 Haiit a strange beast 684 Hair what the original and use 111. How to make it black 724. How to take it off ibid. Hairy scalp the connexion and use 111. The wounds thereof not to be neglected 112. The cure thereof being contused 256 Hand taken generally what 147. The fracture thereof with the care 358. How to supply the defects thereof 584 Hares how they provide for their young 40 Hare-lips what 171. Their cure ibid. Harmonia what 173. Hawks 47 Head the general description thereof 111 The conteining and conteined parts thereof ibid. The musculous skin thereof ibid. Why affected when any membranous part is hurt 112. The watry humor thereof 205. The wounds thereof 238 c. The falling away of the hair and other affects thereof 399. The dislocation thereof 376 Hearing the organ object c. thereof 16 Heart and the history thereof 100. The ventricles thereof 111 Signs of the wounds thereof 274 Heat one and the same efficient cause of all humors at the same time 7. three causes thereof 178 Hectick fever with the differences causes signs and cure 277 278 Hedg hogs how they provide for their young 40 Heel and the parts thereof 167. Why a fracture thereof so dangerous ibid. The dislocation thereof 396. Symptoms following upon the contusion thereof ibid. Why subject to inflammation 397 Hemicrania see Megrim Hemlock the poysonous quality thereof and rhe cure 519 Henbane the poysonous quality and the cure 518 Hermophrodites 18 and 649 Hern his sight and the Falcon 47 Hernie and the kindes thereof 216 Humoralis 222 Herpes and the kindes thereof 188 The cu e. ibid. Hip-gout see sciatica Hip the dislocation thereof 389. Prognosticks 370. Signs that it is dislocated outwardly or inwardly 390. Dislocated forwards 391. backwards ibid. how to restore the inward dislocation 392. the forward dislocation 394. the backward dislocation ibid. Hippocrates his Effigies 738 Hoga a Monsterous fish 674 Holes of the inner basis of the scull 122. of the external basis thereof ibid. small ones sometimes remain after the cure of great wounds 171 Holy-bone its number of Vertebrae and their use 138. the fracture thereof 357 Hordiolum an affect of the eye-lids 403 Horns used in stead of Ventoses 443 Horse-leeches their application and use 444. their virulency and the cure ibid. Hot-houses how made 721 Hulpales a Monstrous beast 680 Humeraria arteria 108. Vena 148 Humors their temperaments 7. the knowledg of them necessary ibid. their definition and division ibid. serous and secundary as Ros Cambium Gluten 10. an argument of their great putrefaction 293 Humors of the eye 127 Aquens 129 Crystallinus ibid. Vitreus 130 Hydatis 403 Hydrargyrum the choise preparation and use thereof in the Lues Venerea 467 Hudrocephalia whether uncurable 505. What cure must used therein 506 Hydrocephalos what 205. The causes differences signs c. ibid. the cure 206 Hydrocele 216 221 Hymen 626 Whether any or no. ibid. A history thereof 627 Huoides os the reason of the name composure site c. thereof 134 Hupocondria their site 57 Hupochuma 408 Hupogastricae venae 81 Hypopyon 408 Hypothenar 158 J JAundise a medicine therefore 215 Jaw the bones thereof and their productions 124 125 The fracture of the lower jaw 352 How to help it 353 The dislocation thereof 373 The cure 374 Ibis a bird the inventer of glysters 36 Ichneumon how he arms himself to assail the Crocodile 42 Idleness the discommodites thereof 23 Jejunum intestinum 73 Ileon ibid. Iliaca arteria 80 Vena ibid. Ilium os 161 Ill conformation 28 Imagination and the force thereof 598 Impostors their impudence and câ—â—â—t 34 264 Impostume what their causes and differences 177 Signs of them in general 178 Prognosticks 179 What considerable in opening of them 184 Inanition see Emptiness Incus 113 133 Indication whence to be drawn 2. of feeding 22. what 28. the kindes