cured like other wounds of the fleshy parts of our bodies But if it be compound as many wayes as it is complicate so many indications shew themselves In these the chiefest care must bee had of the more urgent order and cause Therefore if the wound shall be simple and superficiary then the haire must first bee shaven away then aplaister applied made of the white of an egge bole Armenicke and Aloes The following day you must apply Emplastrum de Ianua or else de gratia Dei untill the wound be perfectly healed But if it be deeper and penetrate even to the Pericranium the Chirurgion shall not doe amisse if at the second dressing he apply a digestive medicine as they call it which may be made of Venice Turpentine the yolkes of egges oyle of Roses and a little saffron and that shall be used so long untill the wound come to maturation for then you must adde honey of Roses and Barly floure to the digestive Hence must we passe to these medicines into whose composition no oyly or unctious bodies enters such as this â„ž Terebinth venetae â„¥ ij syrupi rosar â„¥ j. anÊ’ss Let them all be incorporated and made into an unguent which shall be perfectly regenerated then it must bee cicatrised with this following powder â„ž an.Ê’j. Misceantur simul fiat puluis but if the wound be so large that it require a suture it shall have so many stitches with a needle as need shall seeme to require Whilest I was at Hisdin a certaine soldier by falling of the earth whilest he undermined had the Hairy scalpe so pressed downe even to the Pericranium and so wholy separated from the beginning of the hinde part of his head even to his forehead that it hung over his face I went about the cure in this manner I first washt all the wound with wine a little warmed that so I might wash away the congealed blood mixed with the earth then I dryed it with a soft linnen cloth and laid upon it Venice Turpentine mixed with a little Aqua Vitae wherein I had dissolved some Sanguis Draeconis Mastich and Aloes then I restored the hanging skinne to its former place and there stayed it with some stitches being neither too strait 〈◊〉 nor too close together for feare of paine and inflammation which two chiefely happen whilest the wound comes to suppuration but onely as much as should serve to stay it on every side and to keepe forth the ayre which by its entrance doth much harme to wounds the lower sides of the wound I filled with somewhat long and broad tents that the matter might have passage forth Then I applyed this following cataplasme to all the head â„ž farinae bord fabarum an â„¥ vj. rosatiÊ’iij aceti quantum sufficit fiat cataplasma ad formam pultis this hath a faculty to dry coole repell mitigate paine and inflammation and stay bleeding I did not let him bood because hee had bled much especially at certaine arteries which were broken neere his temples he being dressed after this manner grew well in a short time But if the wound bee made by the biting of a wilde beast it must bee handled after another manner as shall appeare by this following history As many people on a time stood looking upon the Kings Lyons who were kept in the Tilt-yard at Paris for the delight of King Henry the second and at his charges it happened that one of the feircest of them broke the things wherein he was tyed and leaping amongst the company he with his pawes threw to the ground a Girle of some twelve yeeres old and taking her head in his mouth with his teeth wounded the musculous skinne in many places yet hurt not the scull She scarse at length delivered by the Master of the Lyons from the jawes of Death and the Lyon was committed to the cure of Rowland Claret Chirurgion who was there present by chance at the sametime some few dayes after I was was called to visite her she was in a feaver her head shoulders brest and all the places where the Lyon had set his teeth or nailes were swolne all the edges of the wounds were livide and did flow with a watrish acride virulent cadaverous darke greene and stinking matter so that I could scarse endure the smell thereof she was also opprest with pricking biting and very great paine which I observing that old saying came into my minde which is That all wounds made by the bitings of beasts or of men also doe somewhat participate of poyson Wherefore there must principally great care bee had of the venenate impression left in the wounds by the nailes and teeth and therefore such things must bee applyed as have power to orecome poison Wherefore I scarrifyed the lips of the wounds in divers places and applyed Leaches to sucke out the venenate blood and ease the inflammation of the parts then I made a Lotion of Aegyptiacum Treacle and Mithridate after the following manner â„ž Mithrid â„¥ j theriac â„¥ ij agyptiac â„¥ ss dissolvantur omnia cum aqua vitae Cardui ben Let the wounds be fomented and washed with it warme besides also Treacle and Mithâ—idate were put in all the medicines which were either applyed or put into the wound and also of the same with the conserves of Roses and Buglosse dissolved in the water of Sorrell and Carduus benedictus potions were made to strengthen the heart and vindicate it from maligne vapours For which purpose also this following Epithema was applyed to the region of her heart â„ž aquae rosar nenuphar an â„¥ iiij aceti scillitici â„¥ j. corallorum santalorum alborum rubrorum rosar rub pulveris spodij an â„¥ j. Mithridatij theriacae an Ê’ij ijcrociÊ’ j. dissolve them altogether make an Epitheme and apply it to the heart with a scarlet cloth or spunge and let it bee often renued Verily she drest after this manner and the former remedies but once used paine inflammation and all the maligne symptomes were much lessened to conclude shee recovered but lingred and was leane some two yeares after yet at lengh she was perfectly restored to her health and former nature By which you may understand that simple wounds must be handled after another manner than these which have any touch of poison But now that we may prosecute the other affects of the hairy scalpe say that it is contused with a blow without a wound that which must bee first and alway done that so the affect may better appeare and the remedies which are applyed may take more effect the haire must be shaven away and at the first dressing a repelling medicine applyed such as is this following Oxyrhodinum â„ž ol ros â„¥ iij. album ovorum nu ij an.Ê’j. Let them be all incorporated and make a medicine for the formeruse or in steed thereof you may apply the cataplasme prescribed before consisting of
that are more weake halfe a dram It is better to give the infusion in a decoction than in substance for being elected and prepared truly into Trochises it may be called a most divine kinde of medicine Antimonium is highly praysed by the experience of many but because I know the use thereof is condemned by the councell and decree of the School of Physicians at Paris I will here cease to speake of it Those medicines that cause sweats are thought to excell all others when the Pestilence commeth of the venemous Ayre among whom the efficacy of that which followeth hath beene proved to the great good of many in that Pestilence which was lately throughout all Germany as Matthias Rodler Chancellor to Duke George the Count Palatine signified unto me by letters They doe take a bundle of Mugwort and of the ashes thereof after it is burnt they make a lye with foure pints of water then they doe set it over the fire and boyle it in a vessell of earth well leaded untill the liquor be consumed the earthy dregges falling unto the bottome like unto salt whereof they make Trochisces of the weight of a crowne of gold then they dissolve one or two of those Trochisces according to the strength of the patient in good Muskadine and give it the patient to drinke and let him walke after that hee hath drunke it for the space of halfe an houre then lay him in his bed and there sweat him two or three houres and then he will vomit and his belly will bee loosed as if hee had taken Antimony and so they were all for the most part cured especially all those that tooke that remedy betimes and before the disease went unto their heart as I my selfe have proved in some that were sicke at Paris with most happy successe Truely Mugwort is highly commended by the ancient Physicians being taken and applyed inwardly or outwardly against the bitings of venemous creatures so that it is not to be doubted but that it hath great vertue against the Pestilence I have heard it most certainly reported by Gilbertus Heroaldus Physician of Mompilier that eight ounces of the pickle of Anchoves drunke at one draught is a most certaine and approved remedie against the Pestilence as he and many other have often found by experience For the plague is no other thing but a very great putrefaction for the correction and amendment whereof there is nothing more apt or fit than this pickle or substance of the Anchoves being melted by the sun and force of the salt that is strawed thereon There be some which infuse one dramme of Walewort seede in white wine and affirme that it drunken will performe the like effect as Antimony Others dissolve a little weight of the seed of Rue being bruised in Muskadine with the quantity of a Beane of Treacle and so drinke it Others beate or bruise an handfull of the leaves or tops of Broome in halfe a pint of white wine and so give it to the patient to drinke to cause him to vomit loose his belly and make him to sweat Truly those that are wounded or bitte with venemous beasts if they bind broome above the wound it will prohibit or hinder the venome from dispersing it selfe or going any further therefore a drink made thereof will prohibit the venome from going any nearer the heart Some take of the roote of Elecampaine Gentian Tormentill Kermes berries and broom of the powder of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe a dram they doe bruise and beate all these and infuse them for the space of foure and twenty houres in white wine and Aqua vitae on the warm embers and then straine it and give the patient three or foure ounces thereof to drinke this provokes sweat and infringeth the power of the poyson and the potion following hath the same vertue Take good Mustard half an ounce of Treacle or Mithridate the weight of a Bean dissolve them in white wine and a little Aqua vitae and let the patient drinke it and sweat thereon with walking You may also roast a great Onion made hollow and filled with halfe a dram of Treacle and Vinegar under the embers and then straine it and mixe the juice that is pressed out of it with the water of Sorrell Carduus Benedictus or any other cordiall thing and with strong wine and give the patient to drinke thereof to provoke sweat and to repell the malignity Or else take as much Garlick as the quantity of a big Nut of Rue and Celandine of each twenty leaves bruise them all in white wine and a little Aqua vitae then straine it and give the patient thereof to drink There be some that doe drink the juice that is pressed out of Celandine and Mallowes with three ounces of Vinegar and halfe an ounce of the oyle of Wall-nuts and then by much walking doe unburthen their stomack and belly upwards and downewards and so are helped When the venemous ayre hath already crept into and infected the humors one dram of the dryed leaves of the Bay tree macerated for the space of two dayes in Vinegar and drunke is thought to bee a most soveraigne medicine to provoke sweat loosenesse of the belly and vomiting Mathiolus in his Treatise de Morbo Gallico writeth that the powder of Mercury ministred unto the patient with the juice of Carduus Benedictus or with the electuary de Gommis will drive away the Pestilence before it be confirmed in the body by provoking vomit looseness of the belly sweat one dram of Calchanthum or white Copperose dissolved in Rose-water performeth the like effect in the same disease Some do give the patient a little quantity of the oyle of Scorpions with white wine to expel the poyson by vomit therewithall they anoint the region of the heart the breast and the wrests of the hands I think these very meet to be used often in bodies that are strong and wel exercised because weaker medicines do evacuate little or nothing at all but onely move the humours whereby commeth a Feaver When a sufficient quantity of the malignity is evacuated then you must minister things that may strengthen the belly and stomack and withhold the agitation or working of the humours and such is the confection of Alkermes CHAP. XXVI Of many Symptomes which happen together with the Plague and first of the paine of the head IF the malignity be carryed into the braine and nature be not able to expell it it inflames not onely it but also the membranes that cover it which inflammation doth one while hurt trouble or abolish the imagination another while the judgement and sometimes-the memory according to the situation of the inflammation whether it bee in the former hinder or middle part of the head but hereof commeth alwayes a Phrensie with fiery rednesse of the eyes and face and heavinesse and burning of the whole head If this will not be amended with
that the lowermost receives the mouth of the uppermost whence they may bee termed conjoyned Vessells They are used in distilling per descensum Marbes exquisitly smooth for distillations to be made in Cellars Pots to dissolve calcined mâ—…in A CATALOGVE OF THE Chirurgions Instruments mentioned in this whole worke RIngs wherein little Lancets lye hid to open Impostumes Trunkes or hellow Instruments going with springs A vent or cooler for the wombe made like a pessary Hollow tents Sundry Cauteries as flat round sharpe pointed cutting c. Constrictory rings to twitch or binde the Columella Speculum Oris Ocul Ani. Vteri A trunke or pipe with an actuall Cautery in it Crooked Knives A pipe in forme of a quill Divers trusses with one or more boulsters A shoulder-band to bee put about the necke to hold up a trusse A needle to draw through a golden wire c. Pipes with fenestells and needles fit for sutures Cutting mullets Mullets onely to hold and not to cut Mullets to take forth splinters of bones Mullets to draw teeth An incision knife Scrapers to plaine or smooth the bones or else to cut them Cutting or hollow Scrapers A Leaden mallet to drive the scrapers or Chissels into the scull A Gimblet in shape and use resembling that which Coopers use to lift up the sunke staves of their caske withall Levatories of which kind is the three footed one Other Levatories which taken by their handles and their tongues put under the deprest bones lift them up Sawes A desquamatory Trepan Plyers to take forth splinters of bones A Gimblet to perforate the scull A Trepan fit to divide the scull with the screw peirnt or procer brace and cover or cap that keepes it from running in too farre A plate to set one foote of the compasse upon A cutting paire of Compasses both open and shut A fit instrument to depresse the Dura Mater without hurting thereof A syring to make injection withall A paire of Pincers with holes through them to take up the skinne for making a Seton Setons as well dry as moystened with oyntments Crowes Parrots Swans Duckes Beakes and these either straight crooked toothed or smooth Lizards Cranes Catch-bullets and Plyers to draw forth peices of maile and splinters of bones that lye deepe in Hollow and smooth Dilaters diversly made for the different wounds of the parts Probes fit for to put flamulaes into wounds and these either straight or crooked perforated or unperforated Screwed mullets to draw forth barbed heads of Arrowes and the like Lancets to let blood and scarrifie as well straight as crooked A Pyulcâ—s or Matter-drawer Ligatures bands swathes thongs of Leather woollen linnen round slit sowne together againe some are upper binders others under binders Againe these are either expressing or else conteining and that either the applyed medicines or the lips of wounds or members put in a fit posture which therefore they call a sarcoticke Ligature Thred Bottomes or clewes of thred or yarne Pledgets compresses boulsters doubled cloathes Ferulae or Splints Casses Boxes Iunckes Glossocomies Ambi a kinde of Glossocomie A pully with its wheeles and wooden and Iron pinnes whereon the wheeles may runne Ropes aswell to draw and extend as hold up the member c Screw pins A hand-vice Hookes Buttons or stayes to fasten to the skinne to hold together the lippes of the wounds Linte Cushions pillowes linnen cloathes Files Dentiscalpia Dentifricia Dentispicia Catheters guiders of the worke A bathing chaire or seat bathing tubbes halfe tubs caldrons funnells with all other circumstances belonging to a bath Stoves or hot houses to sweate in Cockes to turne and let out water A Gimblet to breake the stone Hookes Hollow probes slit on their upper sides Winged Instruments to draw forth stones An instrument to clense the bladder Spathulues straight and crooked Cupping-glasses Hornes Pipes or catheters to weare Caruncles Artificiall members as eyes of gold enamelled c. An Vrinall or case to save the water in An artificiall yard Crutches Niples or leaden covers for sore breasts Griffins tallents to draw forth a Mola out of the wombe A sucking glasse to draw a breast withall Pessaries both long and ovall Syrings to give glisters as also to make injection into the eares and wombe THE EFFIGIES OF HIPPOCRATES OF COOS THE PRINCE OF PHYSITIONS INVICTVM Hippocrates quòd te potuere superbae Eoi nunquam flectere Regis opes Cecropidae fronti ex auro fulgente coronam Promeriti memores imposuere tuae Gratia sed levis est Actaeis tantus Athenis Nec fuit hinc uni quà m tibi partus honos Nam quòd quae recreent languentia corpora morbo Paeonias fueris promere largus opes Sed tua tam fundit quà m magni machina mundi Gratia insignis tam tua fama volat BON. GRA. PARIS MEDIC SELECT APHORISMES CONCERNING CHIRVRGErie collected out of the Aphorismes of the great Hippocrates Aph. 27. sect 6. VVHosoever being suppurate or hydropicall are burnt or cut therefore if all the matter or water flow forth at once they certainely dye 31. 6. The drinking of wine or a bath fomentation blood-letting or purging helpe the paines of the eyes 38. 6. Such as have hidden or not ulcerated Cancers had better not to cure them For healed they quickely dye not cured they live the longer 55. 6. Gouty paines usually stirre in the Spring and Fall 28. 6. Eunuches are not troubled with the Goute neither doe they become bald 49. 6. Whosoever are troubled with the Goute have ease in forty dayes the inflammation ceasing 66. 5. In great and dangerous wounds if no swelling appeare it is ill 67. 5. Soft tumors are good but crude ones ill 25. 6. For an Erysipelas or inflammation to returne from without inwards it is not good but to come from within outwards is very good 19. 7. An Erysipelas comming upon the baring of a bone is evill 20. 7. Putrefaction or suppuration comming upon an Erisipelas is ill 21. 6. If Varices or Haemorrhoides happen to such as are mad their madnesse ceases 21. 7. A fluxe of blood ensuing upon a great pulsation in Vlcers is ill 26. 2. It is better that a feaver happen upon a convulsion than a convulsion upon a feaver 4. 6. Those Vlcers that have the skinne smooth or shining about them are evill 18. 6. The wound is deadly whereby the bladder braine heart midriffe any of the small Guts stomacke or Liver are hurt 45. 6. Whatsoever Vlcers are of a yeares continuance or more the bone must necessarily scaile and the scarres become hollow 2. 7. The bone being affected if the flesh be livide it is ill 14. 7. Stupidity and lacke of reason upon a blow of the head is evill 24. 7. A Delirium happens if a bone to wit the scull bee cut even to the hollownesse thereof Whilst 〈◊〉 or matter is in generating paines and feavers happen rather than when it is already made 18. 5. Cold things are hurtfull to the bones teeth nerves
by reason that the putrefying blood is turned into sanies the patient cannot lye but on his backe and he hath an often desire to vomit but if hee escape death his wound will degenerate into a Fistula and at length will consume him by little and little We may know that the Lungs are wounded by the foaming and spumous blood comming out both at the wound and cast up by vomiting hee is vexed with a greevous shortnesse of breath and with a paine in his sides We may perceive the Heart to be wounded by the aboundance of blood that commeth out at the wound by the trembling of all the whole body by the faint and small pulse palenesse of the face cold sweate with often swounding coldnesse of the extreame parts and suddaine death When the midriffe which the Latines call Diaphragma is wounded the patient feeleth a great weight in that place he raveth and talketh idlely he is troubled with shortnesse of winde a cough and fit of greevous paine and drawing of the entralls upwards Wherefore when all these accidents appeare we may certainely pronounce that death is at hand Death appeareth sodainely by a wound of the hollow Veine or the great Arterie by reason of the great and violent evacuation of blood and spirits whereby the functions of the Heart and Lungs are stopped and hindred The marrow of the backebone being pierced the patient is assaulted with a Palsie or convulsion very suddainely and sence and motion faileth in the parts beneath it the excrements of the bladder are either evacuated against the patients will or else are altogether stopped When the Liver is wounded much blood commeth out at the wound and pricking paine disperseth it selfe even unto the sword-like gristle which hath its situation at the Lower end of the brest bone called Sternon the blood that falleth from thence downe into the intestines doth oftentimes inferre most maligne accidents yea and sometimes death When the stomacke is wounded the meate and drink come out at the wound there followeth a vomiting of pure choler then commeth sweating and coldnesse of the extreame parts and therefore we ought to prognosticate death to follow such a wound When the milt or spleene is wounded blacke and grosse blood cometh out at the wound the patient will be very thirsty with paine on the left side and the blood breakes forth into the belly and there putrifying causeth most maligne and greevous accidents and often times death to follow When the guts are wounded the whole body is griped and pained the excrements come out at the wound whereat also often times the guts breake forth with great violence When the reines or Kidnyes are wounded the patient will have great paine in making his Vrine and the blood commeth out together therewith the paine commeth downe even unto the groine yard and testicles When the bladder and Vreters are wounded the paine goeth even unto the entralls the parts all about and belonging to the groine are distended the Vrine is bloody that is made and the same also commeth often times out at the wound When the wombe is wounded the blood commeth out at the privities and all other accidents appeare like as when the bladder is wounded When the sinewes are pricked or cut halfe asunder there is great paine in the affected place and there followeth a suddaine inflammation fluxe abscesse feaver convulsion and oftentimes a gangreene or mortification of the part whereof commeth death unlesse it be speedily prevented Having declared the signes and tokens of wounded parts it now remaineth that we set downe other signes of certaine kindes of death that are not common or naturall whereabout when there is great strife and contention made it oftentimes is determined and ended by the judgement of the discreete Physition or Chirurgion Therefore if it chance that a nurse either through drunkennesse or negligence lyes upon her infant lying in bed with her and so stifles or smothers it to death If your judgement be required whether the infant dyed through the default or negligence of the nurse or through some violent or suddaine diseases that lay hidden and lurking in the body thereof You shall finde out the truth of the matter by these signes following For if the infant were in good health before if he were not froward or crying if his mouth and nosethrills now being dead be moystned or bedewed with a certaine foame if his face be not pale but of a Violet or purple colour if when the body is opened the Lungs be found swolne and puffed up as it were with a certaine vaporous foame and all the other entralls found it is a token that the infant was stifled smothered or strangled by some outward violence If the body or dead corpes of a man be found lying in a field or house alone and you be called by a magistrate to deliver your opinion whether the man were slaine by lightning or some other violent death you may by the following signes finde out the certainety hereof For every body that is blasted or striken with lightning doth cast forth or breathe out an unholsome stinking or sulphureous smell so that the birdes or fowles of the ayre nor dogges will not once touch it much lesse prey or feede on it the part that was stricken often times sound and without any wound but if you search it well you shall finde the bones under the skinne to be bruised broken or shivered in peeces But if the lightening hath pierced into the body which making a wound therein according to the judgement of Pliny the wounded part is farre colder than all the rest of the body For lightning driveth the most thinne and fiery ayre before it and striketh it into the body with great violence by the force whereof the heate that was in the part is soone dispersed wasted and consumed Lightening doth alwayes leave some impression or signe of some fire either by ustion or blacknesse for no lightning is without fire Moreover whereas all other living creatures when they are striken with lightening fall on the contrary side onely man falleth on the affected side if hee be not turned with violence toward the coast or region from whence the lightening came If a man bee striken with lightening while he is asleepe hee will be found with eyes open contrarywise if hee be striken while hee is awake his eyes will be closed as Plinie writeth Philip Commines writeth that those bodyes that are stricken with lightning are not subject to corruption as others are Therefore in ancient time it was their custome neither to burne nor bury them for the brimstone which the lightning bringeth with it was unto them in stead of salt for that by the drynesse and fiery heate thereof it did preserve them from putrefaction Also it may be enquired in judgement Whether any that is dead and wounded received these wounds alive
cevetous craft of impoâ—tore Remedies for the laceâ— and Meniux A spunge fit to 〈◊〉 with all Lib. de 〈◊〉 cap. Lib. de fascâ—js The discommodities of too straite binding of the head What cloathes we must use How the patient must lye in his bed Paulus lib. 6. cap. 90. Remedies for the inflammation of the Crass Meninx How we must open the Crassa Meninx when it is impostumate The causes and remedies of the blackenesse of the Dura Mater Remedies for contusion For congâ—â—led blood For the hurt received by the ayre What medicines make the Crassa Meniux blacke Medicines against that putrefaction of the Meniux Why the Crassa Meninx easily endures acrid medicines Signes of death at hand What the concussion of the braine is The opening of the Vena Puppis A discussing â—omentatior A caution in somenting the head A description of V. goes Cerate A History Aph. 58 sect 7. That there may be an abscesse in the braine Aph 10. sect 6. Gal. lib. deine aqual â—…temp Rhas cap. 4. continent Avâ—cen cap. de exit seâ— 3. lib 4. cap. 20. A History Lib. 8. de usâ— part com ad aph 18. sect 6. Why fat cannot be generated under the scull Signes of a faâ—â—y substance Why vve treat in particular of wounds of the face A thing to be observed in wounds of the eye-brows Lagophthalâ—iâ— is a quite contrary to the falling downe of the eye-lids A repercussive to be put into the eye Divers repercusaives to be applyed to the eye Things actually cold are hurtfull to the eyes Anodyne medicines for the eyes Narcotickes Detergent medicices A sarcoti â—â—e â—dâ—ane for the eyes A drying fomentation A medicine to consume a fleshvex croscence without biaing A Seton a good remedy against inveterate defluxions into the eyes A History A Seton good against the falling sickenâ—sse The manner of making a Seton The use of a dry suture How to make a dry suture A Suture fit for hare-lips The manner thereof What hare-lips are A decoction good to wash away putridematter A small hole remaining after the cure of great wounde How many wayes the nose may be â—urt The cure of a broken nose The use of pipes in broken nose How many wayes the continuity of the tongue may be loosed The cure of a cloven tongue A History Nature oft doth strange things in the cures of diseases How many wayes the unity of eares may be violated How to sow a wounded Ears The differences of wounds of the necke and throate The palsie followes upon wounds of the necke Signes that the gullet is wounded The wounds of the iugular veines and fleepy Arteries are deadly by accident By hurting the recurrent Nerve the voyce is hurt The discription of the Authors Balsame The faculty of Diacalcitheas The cure of the wounded Weazon and gullet A gargarisme The manifold use thereof A History A strange History Another History The differences of wounds of the Chest The signes Signes that the heart is wounded A History Signes that the Lungs are wounded Signes that the midriffe is wounded A History Another History Signes that there is blood poured into the capacity of the Chest Signes that the spine is wounded Vigo tract de vul therat cap. 10. A History Why bitter things must not be cast in to the Chest Reade the History of Maryllus in Galen lib. 7. de Anatom admismistra What harme ensues the too long use of tents No liniments must be used in wounds of the Chest Wounds of the Chest easily degenerate into a Fistula Why there flowes such planty of matter out of wounds of the Chest The cure ofa Fistula in the Chest When Aegyptiacum must be put into the inâ—ections What wounds of the Lungs cureable The harme that ensues upon coughing in wounds of the Lungs How Eclegma's must be swallowed The utility of Sugar of roses in ulcerated or wounded Lungs The reason of the name The differences theroof The causes The Signes Why in hectickes the heate is more acride after meate The signes of a hecticke ioyned with a putride feaver The cure A symptomaticall hecticke An essentiall hecticke Things to bee taken inwardly The benefit of medicinall nourishments The choyce of meates How Asses milke must be used in a hecticke Womans milk more wholsome than Asses Things to be outwardly applyed A caution in the choyse of Oyles The differences of bathes Why the patients must not enter the Bath fasting How to prepare the body for the Bath Things strengthening the ventricle Epithemes What a fluxe happening in a hecticke feaver Indicates How children be cured Their differences Signes of a wounded liver Signes that the stomacke and smaller guts are wounded Signes to know when the greater guts are wounded Signes that the Kidneyes are hurt Signes that the Bladder is wounded Signes that the wombe is wounded Prognosticks Lib. 6. cap. 88. A Historie Another Historie The cure of a wounded Gut The cure when the Kall falls out Hip. Aph. 58. sect 6. Lib. 6. Metb. cap. 4. The cure of the wounded fat Why wounds of the inside of the Thigh are oft times deadly The large Tendon of the hee le hard to consolidate Differences drawne from things wounded Their symptomes Why a puncture of a nerve is deadly A wound of the nervous parts indicates contrary to the generall cure of wounds A Historie Medecines fit for wounds of the nerves what wounde of the Nerves must be burnt A certaine Anodyne in paine of the teeth Why Escharoticks must be used to spreading ulcers A famous historie A discussing and drying cataplasme A Historie An anodyne and Sarcotick Balsame A generall rule for all wounds of all Nervous parts Why wounds of the ioynts are malignant The cure An astringent and drying cataplasme Aphor. 20. sect 5. What matter usually flowes from wounds of the joynts Why things actually hot must be applyed to the wounded ioynts Of the site and posture of wounded joynts Ligaments more dry than Nerves and without sense Lib. 2. inventor 〈◊〉 Cap. 8. prim par â—ar lect Who the inventor of Guns The reason of the name The danger of Pistolls A comparison of the ancient weapons with the moderne Plin. Lib. 2. Cap. 54. Plin. Lib. 2. Cap. 55. Sâ—â—ton in Tiberio The wondrous force of great Ordinance Plin. Lib. 21 Cap. 50. The arguments of the following discourses Lib. 1. de â—… ner Cap. 8. What chance may doe in finding out of remedies The description of oyle of Whelpes Gun-pouder not poisonous Bullets shot out of a Gun doe not burne A Historie A medicine hindering blistring in burnes or scalds A Historie Wounds made by Gunshot must be dressed with suppuratives The causes of difficultie in this cure A Historie What makes Chirurgions sometimes use cauâ—… curing woundâ— made by Gunshot The occasion of writing this discourse The argument of this discourse Gunpouder is not poyson nous Of what it is made Lib. 5. Cap. 73. Lib. 9. simpl Cap 36. Bullets cannot be poysoned As Galen notes adsent 20. et
resolution What a liniment is Oyntments their differences Unguentum adstringens Unguentum nutritum Vnguentum aureum Vng Tetraphâ—…macum scu Basiâ—…m Ung. Diapompholygos Vng desiccatvum rubrum Ung. Enulatum Vng album Rhasis De Althaea Vng Populeuâ—… Vng Apostolorum Comâ—… Ung. pto stomacho Ung. ad morsus rubiosos ex li. 1. Gal. de comp sce genera 3. De comp med see gen What a Cerat is The differences Emplasters Signes of a plaster perfectly boyled The quantity of things to be put into plasters Empl. de Vigo with Mercury Ceratum oesipiex Philagrio Degratia Dei De janua seu de Betonica Emplastrum oxycroceum De cerusa Tripharmacum seu nigrum Diapalma seu diachalciteos Contrarupturam De mucaginibus De minio Diachylon magnum The use of plasters The matter of cataplasmes Their use Lib. 2. ad glaucubi deschirrho An anodine cataplasme A ripening cataplasme A discussing caplasme How pultisses differ from caplasmes A ripening cataplasme Their use 2. De victu iâ—â—cutis What an Embrocation is Their use What an Epitheme is In the sixth Chapter A cordiall Epitheme Their use The use of potentiall cauteries The matter of them The formes of them The signe of good Capitellum The faculty of the silken Cautery The cause of the name Their description The description of Mercury or Angelicall powder What vesicatorie and rubrifâ—ing medicines are The description of a vesicatory Their use What a collyrium is The difference of them Their use Their matter A repercussive collyrium An anodine A detergent What an errhine is Their differences The forme of one An errhine purging phlegme An errhine with powders A Rernutatory The matter of solid errhines Their use The manner of using them To whom they are hurtfull What an apophlegmatism is The differences The use of masticatories To whom hurtfull What a gargle is The differences thereof Their matter An astringent gargle An anodine gargle A detersive What a dentifrice is The differences The matter whereof they consist A powder for a Dentifricc Their usâ—… Whata bag or quilt is Their differences A quilt for the stomacke A cap for a cold head A quilt for the heart Their use What a fumigation is Their differences and matter A cephalicke sume For the hardnesse of the sinewes For the relicks of the Lues venerea The manner of using them The manner of a moist fumigation A moist fume for the eares What an insâ—… is The matter A halfe bath for the stone in the kidneies The use The manner of using it The faculties of Bathes Their differences Naturall Baths How to know whence the Bathes have their efficacy The condition of naturall sulphureous waters Of aluminous waters Of salt and nitious Oâ— bituminous Of brasen Of iron Of leaden Of hot baths To whom hurtfull The faculties of cold baths The Spaw Of artificiall baths The faculty of a bath of warme water Why wâ— put oile into baths Why we must not continue in the bath till we sweat A mollifying anodine bath Cautions to be observed in the use of baths The fittest time for bathing How to order the patient comming forth of the bath The differences of Stoves How made A vaporous stove or bath As the colour of the skin is such is the humour that is thereunder Waters wherewith to wash the face Compound liquors wherewith to wash the face Virgins 〈◊〉 The marrow of sheeps bones good to smooth the face How to makâ— Salcerussae How to paint the face Why worse in winter than in summer Diâ—â— Remedies An approved ointment To dry up the pustles To kill tettarâ— To smooth the skinne What things are fit to dy the haire How to wash Lime A water to black the haire To make the haire of a flaxen colour A depilatory Another Sweet waters Lavander water Clove water Sweet water What distillation is Foure degrees of heate What heate fittest for what things The matter the best for Fornaces A round forme the best for Fornaces Leaden vessells ill Brasse worse The best vessells for distillation Hot things must bee often distilled * By Aquavita in this and most other places is meant nothing but the spirit of 〈◊〉 The parts of an Alembecke Why those things that are distilled in Balneo retaine more of the strength of things What things neede not to be macerated before they bee dissolved The maceration of plants in their owne juice The varieties of stilled waters Rose water Restauratives Another way of making restorative Liquors Spirit of wine seaven times rectified The faculties of the spirit of wine The distilling of Wine and Vinegar is different The first way The second Lac Virginis Ch. 44. of suci Oiles by expression By infusion By distillation Oyle of Bay-berries Of Egges Oyle of S. Iohns wort Of Masticke What oyles are to be drawne by expression The first manner of drawing oiles by distillation Another way What oiles fall to the bottome The description of Pepper The uses thereof The Cinnamon tree 7. simp An excellent Cinnamon tree A signe that the spirit of wine hath fetcht out the strength of the ingredients A signe that the ingredients have loâ—â— their strength What a Retort is The differences of Gummes Cautions in distilling of gummes How to make oyle of Turpentinâ—… How to make oyle of waxe The faculties thereof How to make oyle of myrrhe How to give it a pleasing colour and smell Vesalius hiâ— balsame Fallopius hiâ— balsame What frankinâ—ense is The faculties thereof The signe of perfectly calcined vitrioll Why a Chirurgion must be carefull in making of Reports Why judgement is difficult Wounds teâ—med great for three respects How long a Chirurgion must suspend his judgement in some cases Generall signes whereby we judge of diseases Wounds deadly by the fault of the ayre Singnes of a fractured scull Signes of death by a wound on the head Signes that the throate is cut Signes that a wound hath pierced in the capâ—city of the chest Signes that the Lungs are wounded That the heart is wounded The midriffe The Vâ—…â—a and great Artery The spinall marrow The Liver The stomacke The spleene The guts The kidneyes The bladder The womb The Nerves Signes that an infant is smothered or over-layd Signes of such as are slaine by Lightning Lib. 2. cap. 54. Signes of wounds given to a living and dead man Signes whether on be hanged alive or dead Whether one found dead in the water came therein a live or dead 〈◊〉 such as are smothered by Charcoale Lib. 9. cap. 12. lib. 23. A history Sect. 5. Aph. 5. The occasion of the death of such as have the apoplexie Conditions of the ayre good to breath in Of the signes of virginitie Lib. de errâ—r popul Aph. 39. sect 5. Lib. 4. de hist animal cap. 20. Lib. 12. de subtilet A certificate of death Another in a doubtfull case In the losse of a member Another in the hurts of divers parts A caution in making report of a woman with child being killed The care of the
in them as in the perfection of Arte the Rules which may be prescribed to preserve health are contained But Galen in another place hath in 4. words comprehended these things not Naturall as things Taken Applyed Expelled and to be Done Things Taken are those which are put into the body either by the mouth or any other way as the Aire meate and drinke Things Applyed are these which must touch the body as the Aire now mentioned affecting the body with a diverse touch of its qualityes of heat cold moysture or drynesse Expelled are what things soever being unprofitable are generated in the body and require to be expelled To be Done are labour rest sleepe watching and the like We may more distinctly and by expression of proper names revoke all these things to sixe which are Aire Meat and Drinke Labour and Rest Sleepe and Watching Repletion and Inanition or things to be expelled or retained and kept Perturbations of the Minde CHAP. XIII Of the Aire AIre is so necessary to life that we cannot live a moment without it if so be that breathing and much more transpiration be not to be separated from life Wherefore it much conduceth to know what Aire is wholsome what unwholsome and which by contrariety of qualities fights for the Patient against the disease or on the contrary by a similitude of qualities shall nourish the disease that if it may seeme to burden the Patient by increasing or adding to the disease we may correct it by Arte. So in curing the wounds of the head especially in Winter we labour by all the means we may to make the aire warme For cold is hurtfull to the Braine Bones and the wounds of these parts and heat is comfortable and friendly But also the aire being drawne into the body by breathing when it is hotter than ordinarie doth with a new warmth overheate the heart lungs and spirits and weaken the strength by the dissipation of the spirits too much attenuated so being too cold in like manner the strength of the faculties faints and growes dull either by suppression of the vapoures or by the inspissation or thickning of the spirits Therefore to conclude that Aire is to be esteemed healthfull which is cleere subtile and pure free and open on every side and which is farre remote from all carrion-like smells of dead carkasses or the stench of any putrifying thing whatsoever the which is farre distant from standing pooles and fennes and caves sending forth strong and ill vapours neither too cloudy nor moist by the nearenesse of some river Such an Aire I say if it have a vernall temper is good against all diseases That aire which is contrary to this is altogether unhealthfull as that which is putrid shut up and prest by the straitnesse of neighbouring mountaines infected with some noysome vapour And because I cannot prosecute all the conditions of aires fit for the expelling of all diseases as which are almost infinite it shall suffice here to have set downe what we must understand by this word Aire Physitions commonly use to understand three things by the name of Aire The present state of the Aire The Region in which wee live and the season of the yeare Wee spoke of this last when wee treated of Temperaments Wherefore wee will now speake of the two former The present state of the Aire one while for some small time is like the Spring that is temperate otherwhiles like the Summer that is hot and drie otherwhiles like the Winter that is cold and moist and sometimes like the Autumne which is unequall and this last constitution of the Aire is the cause of many diseases When upon the same day it is one while hot another cold we must expect Autumnall diseases These tempers and varieties of constitutions of the Aire are chiefely and principally stirred up by the windes as which being diffused over all the Aire shew no small force by their sodaine change Wherefore we will briefly touch their natures That which blowes from the East is called the East-winde and is of a hot and drie nature and therefore healthfull But the Westerne winde is cold and moist and therefore sickly The South winde is hot and moist the Author of putrifaction and putride diseases The North winde is cold and drie therefore healthy wherefore it is thought if it happen to blow in the dogge-dayes that it makes the whole yeare healthfull and purges and takes away the seedes of putrifaction if any chance to be in the aire But this description of the foure windes is then onely thought to be true if we consider the windes in their owne proper nature which they borrow from these Regions from which they first proceede For otherwise they affect the aire quite contrarie according to the disposition of the places over which they came as snowie places Seaes Lakes Rivers Woods or sandy plaines from whence they may borrow new qualities with which they may afterwards possesse the aire and so consequently our bodies Hence it is we have noted the Westerne winde unwholsome and breeding diseases by reason of the proper condition of the Region from whence it came and such that is cold and moist the Gasconies finde it truly to their so great harme that it seldome blowes with them but it brings some manifest and great harme either to their bodies or fruits of the earth And yet the Greekes and Latines are wont to commend it for healthfulnesse more than the rest But also the rising and setting of some more eminent stars doe often cause such cold windes that the whole aire is cooled or infected with some other maligne qualitie For vapours and exhalations are often raised by the force of the stars from whence windes cloudes stormes whirlewindes lightnings thunders haile snow raine earthquakes inundations and violent raging of the sea have their original The exact contemplation of which things although it be proper to Astronomers Cosmographers and Geographers yet Hippocrates could not omit it but that he must speake somthing in his book De aëre aquis where he touches by the way the description of the neighbouring Regions and such as hee knew From this force of the aire either hurtfull or helping in diseases came that famous observation of Gnido of Caulias That wounds of the head are more difficult to cure at Paris than at Avignion and the plaine contrarie of wounds of the legges for the aire of Paris compared to that of Avignion is cold and moist wherefore hurtfull and offensive to the wounds of the head On the contrary the same aire because it obscures the spirits incrassates the bloud condensates the humors and makes them lesse fit for defluxions makes the wounds of the legges more easie to be healed by reason it hinders the course of the humors by whose defluxion the cure is hindered But it is manifest that hot and drie places make a greater dissipation of the naturall heate
either Or serving the principall as The Weason Lungs gullet Stomacke Gutts Bladder Or neither The Eares Nose Feete Hands and other of the same kinde From their proper essence from whence they are called Simple wounds When there is no complication of any other disease or symptome besides Or compound When there is a complication of some one or more diseases which unlesse they be taken away wee must not hope for to cure the wound From their quantity according to which they are called Great Long Broad Deepe Indifferent Little Short Narrow Super ficiarie From their figure according to which they are named Straight Oblique Cornered CHAP. II. Of the causes of Wounds ALL things which may outwardly assayle the body with force and violence may be counted the causes of wounds which are called greene and properly bloody These things are either animate or inanimate The animate as the bitings and prickings of beasts The Inanimate as the stroake of an arrow sword clubb gunne stone a dagger and all such like things From the variety of such like causes they have divers names for those which are made by sharpe and pricking things are called punctures those caused by cutting things are called wounds or gashes and those which are made by heavy and obtuse things are named Contusions or wounds with Contusions CHAP. III. Of the signes of Wounds WOunds are first knowne by sight and by the signes drawne from thence The Chirurgion ought first and chiefely to consider what wounds are cureable and what not what wounds will scarce admit of cure and what may be easily cured for it is not the part of a prudent Chirurgion to promise cure in a deadly or dangerous and difficult wound Least he may seeme to have killed him whom not the unsufficiencie of the Art but the greatnesse of the wound hath slaine But when the wound is dangerous but yet without despaire of recovery it belongs to him to admonish the Patients friends which are by of the present danger and doubtfull state of the wound that if Art shall be overcome by the greatnesse thereof hee shall not be thought ignorant of the Art neither to have deceived them But as this is the part and duty of a good and prudent Chirurgion so it is the tricke of a cheating and jugling knave to enlarge small wounds that so he may seeme to have done a great cure when it is nothing so But it is agreeable to reason that the Chirurgion professing the disease easie to be cured will thinke himselfe in credit bound by such promises and his duty and therefore seeke all meanes for the quicke recovery of the patient leâ—t that which was of its owne nature small may by his negligence become great Therefore it is expedient he should know what wounds are to be accounted great This as Galen saith is three wayes to be knowne The first is by the magnitude and principallity of the part affected for thus the wounds of the Braine Heart and of the greater vessells though small of themselves yet are thought great Then from the greatnesse of the solution of continuity for which cause wounds may be judged great in which much of the substance of the part is lost in every dimension though the part be one of these which are accounted servile Then from the malignitie through which occasion the wounds of the joynts are accounted great because for the most part they are ill conditioned CHAP. IIII. Of Prognostickes to be made in VVounds THose Wounds are thought dangerous wherein any large Nerve Veine or Artery are hurt From the first there is feare of convulsion but from the other large effusion of the veinous or arterious blood whence the powers are debilitated also these are judged evill which are upon the arme pitts groines leskes joynts and betweene the fingers and likewise those which hurt the head or taile of a Muscle They are least dangerous of all other which wound onely the fleshy substance But they are deadly which are inflicted upon the Bladder Braine Heart Liver Lungs Stomacke and small guts But if any Bone Gristle Nerve or portion of the cheeke or prepuce shall be cut away they cannot bee restored Contused wounds are more difficult to cure than those which are onely from a simple solution of continuity for before you must thinke to heale them up you must suppurate and clense them which cannot be done in a short time Wounds which are round and circular are so much the worse for there can be no unity unlesse by an angle that is a meeting together of two lines which can have no place in round wounds because a circular figure consists of one oblique line Besides wounds are by so much thought the greater by how much their extremes and lipps are the further dis-joyned which happens to round Wounds Contrary to these are cornered wounds or such as are made alongst the fibers as such as may bee easily healed Wounds may be more easily healed in young men than in old because in them nature is more vigorous and there is a greater plenty of fruitefull or good blood by which the losse of the flesh may be the better and more readily restored which is slowlier done in an old body by reason their blood is smaller in quantity and more dry and the strength of nature more languide Wounds received in the Spring are not altogether so difficult to heale as those taken in Winter or Summer For all excesse of heate and cold is hurtfull to them it is ill for a convulsion to happen upon a Wound for it is a signe that some Nervous body is hurt the braine suffering together therewith as that which is the originall of the Nerves A Tumor comming upon great Wounds is good for it shewes the force of nature is able to expell that which is harmefull and to ease the wounded part The organicall parts wholly cut off cannot againe be united because a vitall part once severed and plucked from the trunke of the body cannot any more receive influence from the heart as from a roote without which there can bee no life The loosed continuity of the Nerves Veines Arteries and also the bones is sometimes restored not truely and as they say according to the first intention but by the second that is by reposition of the like but not of the same substance The first intention takes place in the fleshie parts by converting the Alimentary bloud into the proper substance of the wounded part But the second in the spermatique parts in which the lost substance may be repaired by interposition of some heterogeneous body which nature diligent for its owne preservation substitutes in place of that which is lost for thus the body which restores and agglutinats is no bone but a Callus whose originall matter is from an humor somewhat grosser than that from whence the bones have their originall and beginning This humor when it
name of the villaine the author of this fact so that hee was taken and fastened to the wheele and having his limbes broken lost his wretched life for the life of the innocent wounded man who dyed the fourth day after he was hurt The like hurt befell a certaine Germane who laye at the house of one Perots in the streete of Nuts hebeing franticke in the night cut his throate with a sword I being called in the morning by his friends who went to see him drest him just after the same manner as I dressed the Englishman Wherefore he presently recovering his speech which before could not utter one sillable freed from suspition of the caime and prison the servant who lying in the same chamber with him was upon suspition committed to prison and confessing the thing as it was done living foure dayes after the wound being nourished with broathes put into his fundament like clysters and with the gratefull vapour of comfortable things as bread newly drawne out of the Oven and soked in strong wine Having thus by the Art of Chirurgery made the dumbe speake for the space of foure dayes CHAP. XXX Of the Wounds of the Chest SOme wounds of the Chest are on the fore side some behinde somepenetiatc more deepe others enter not into the capacity thereof other some peirce even to the parts contained therein as the Mediastinum Lungs heart midriffe hollow veine and ascendent artery Other some pasle quite through the body whereby it happens that some are deadly some not You shall thus know that the wound penetrates into the capacity of the Chest if that when the patients mouth and nose be shut the breath or winde breakes through the wound with noyse so that it may dissipate or blow out a lighted candle being held necre it If the patient can scarse either draw or put forth his breath which also is a signe that there is some blood fallen downe upon the Diaphragma By these signes you may know that the heart is wounded If agreat quantity of blood gush out if a trembling possesse all the members of the body if the pulse bee little and faint if the colour become pale if a cold sweate and frequent sowning assayle him and the extreame parts become cold then death 's at hand Yet when I was at Turin I saw a certaine Gentleman who fighting a Duell with another received a wound under his left brest which pierced into the substance of his heart yet for all that he strucke some blowes afterwards and followed his flying Enemie some two hundred paces untill hee fell downe dead upon the ground having opened his body I found a wound in the substance of the heart so large as would containe ones finger there was onely much blood poured forth upon the midriffe These are the signes that the Lungs are wounded for the blood comes soamie or frothy out of the wounds the patient is troubled with a cough hee is also troubled with a great difficulty of breathing and a paine in his side which hee formerly had not he lyes most at ease when he lyes upon the wound and sometimes it comes so to passe that lying so he speakes more freely and easily but turned on the contrary side he presently cannot speake When the Diphragma or midriffe is wounded the party affected is troubled with a weight or heavinesse in that place hee is taken with a Delirium or raving by reason of the sympathy of the Nerves of the sixth conjugation which are spread over the midriffe difficulty of breathing a cough and sharpe paine trouble the patient the Guts are drawne upwards so that it sometimes happens by the vehemency of breathing that the stomacke and gutts are drawne through the wound in to the capacity of the Chest which thing I observed in two The on of these was a Maison who was thrust though the midst of the midriffe where it is Nervous and dyed the third day following I opening his lower belly and no finding his stomacke thought it a monstrous thing but at length searching diligently I found it was drawne into the Chest though the wound which was scarce an inch broade But the stomacke was full of winde but little humidity in it The other was called captaine Francis d' Alon a Native of Xantoigne who before Roshell was shot with a musket bullet entring by the breast-bone neere to the sword-like Gristle and passing through the fleshy part of the midriffe went out at the space betweene the fifth and sixth bastard ribbes The wound was healed up on the out side yet for all that there remained a weakenesse of the stomacke whereupon a paine of the guttes like to the colicke tooke him especially in the Evening and on the night for which cause he durst not sup but very sparingly But on the eighth month after the paine raging more violently in his belly than it was accustomed hee dyed though for the mitigating of the vehemency thereof Simon Malmedy and Anthony du Val both learned Physitions omitted no kinde of remedy The body of the diseased was opened by the skilfull Chirurgion Iames Guillemeau who found a great portion of the collicke gut swelled with much wind gotten into the Chest through the wound of the Diaphragma for all it was so small that you could scarse put your little finger in thereat But now let us returne from whence we digressed We understand that there is blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest by the difficulty of breathing the vehemency of the encreasing feaver the stinking of the breath the casting up of blood at the mouth and other symptomes which usually happen to these who have putrified and clotted blood poured out of the vessells into the belly infecting with the filthy vapour of the corrupt substance the partato which it shall come But also unlesse the patient cannot lye upon his backe he is troubled with a desire to vomite and covets now and then to rise whence hee often falls into a swoond the vitall faculty which fusteines the body being broken and debilitated both by reason of the wound and concreate or clotted blood for so putting on the quality of poyson it greatly dissipates and dissolves the strength of the heart It is a signe the spinall marrow is hurt when a convulsion or Palsie that is a suddaine losse of sense and motion in the parts thereunder an unvoluntary excretion of the Vrine and other excrements or a totall suppression of them seazes upon the Patient When the hollow veine and great Artery are wounded the patient will dye in a short time by reason of the suddaine and aboundant effusion of the blood and spirits which intercepts the motion of the lungs and heart whence the party dyes sufforaced CHAP. XXX Of the cure of the Wounds of the Chest WE have read in Iohn de Vigo that it is disputed amongst Chirurgions concerning the consolidation of wounds of
the Chest For some thinke that such wounds must bee closed up and cicatrized with all possible speed least the cold ayre come to the heart and the vitall spirits flye away and bee dissipated Others on the contrary thinke that such wounds ought to be long kept open and also if they be not sufficiently large of themselves that then they must be enlarged by Chirurgery that so the blood powred forth into the capacity of the Chest may have passage forth which otherwise by delay would putrefie whence wound ensue an increase of the feaver a fistulous ulcer and other pernicious accidents The first opinion is grounded upon reason and truth if so bee that there is little or no blood poured forth into the capacity of the Chest But the latter takes place where there is much more blood contained in the empty spaces of the Chest Which least I may seeme rashly to determine I thinke it not amisse to ratifie each opinion with a history thereto agrecable Whilest I was at Turin Chirurgion to the Marshall of Montejan the King of France his Generall I had in cure a souldier of Paris whose name was L'evesque he served under captaine Renouart He had three wounds but one more greevous than the rest went under the right brest some what deepe into the capacity of the Chest whence much blood was poured forth upon the midriffe which caused such difficulty of breathing that it even tooke away the liberty of his speech besides though this occasion he had a vehement feaver coughed up blood and a sharpe paine on the wounded side The Chirurgion which first drest him had so bound up the wound with a straite and thicke suture that nothing could flow out thereat But I being called the day after and weighing the present symptomes which threatned speedy death judged that the sowing of the wound must straight be loosed which being done there instantly appeared a clot of blood at the orifice thereof which made mee to cause the patient to lye halfe out of his bed with his head downewards and to stay his hands on a settle which was lower than the bed and keeping himselfe in this posture to shut his mouth and nose that so his lungs should swell the midriffe be stretched forth and the intercostall muscles and those of the Abdomen should be compressed that the blood powred into the Chest might be evacuated by the wound but also that this excrescion might succeede more happily I thrust my finger some-what deepe into the wound that so I might open the Orifice thereof being stopped up with the congealed blood and certainely I drew out some seaven or eight ounces of putrified and stinking blood by this meanes When he was layd in his bed I caused frequent injections to be made into the wound of a decoction of Barly with honey of Roses and red Sugar which being injected I wisht him to turne first on the one and then on the other side and then againe to lye out of his bed as before for thus he evacuated small but very many clots of blood together with the liquor lately injected which being done the symptomes were mittigated and left him by little and little The next day I made another more detergent injection adding thereto worme-wood centaury and Aloes but such a bitternesse did rise up to his mouth together with a desire to cast that he could not longer endure it Then it came into my mind that formerly I had observed the like effect of the like remedy in the Hospitall of Paris in one who had a fistulous ulcer in his Chest Therefore when I had considered with my selfe that such bitter things may easily passe into the Lungs and so may from thence rise into the Weazon and mouth I determined that thence forwards I would never use such bitter things to my patients for the use of them is much more troublesome than any way good and advantagious But at the length this patient by this and the like meanes recovered his health beyond my expectation But on the contrary I was called on a time to a certaine Germaine gentleman who was runne with a sword into the capacity of his Chest the neighbouring Chirurgion had put a great tent into the wound at the first dressing which I made to bee taken forth for that I certainly understood there was no blood powred forth into the capacity of the Chest because the patient had no feaver no weight upon the diaphragma nor spitted forth any blood Wherefore I cured him in few dayes by onely dropping in some of my balsame and laying a plaster of Diacalcitheos upon the wound The like cure I have happily performed in many others To conclude this I eare boldly affirme that wounds of the Chest by the too long use of tents degenerate into Fistula's Wherefore if you at any time shall undertake the cure of wounds which penetrate into the capacity of the Chest you shall not presently shut them up at the first dressing but keep them open for two or three dayes but when you shall finde that the patient is troubled with no or very little paine and that the midriffe is pressed downe with no weight and that he breathes freely then let the tent be taken forth and the wound healed up as speedily as you can by covering it onely with lint dipped in some balsame which hath a glutinative faculty and layd some what broader than the wound never apply liniments to wounds of this kinde lest the patient by breathing draw them into the capacity of the Chest Wherefore also you must have a care that the tent put into those kindes of wounds may be fastened to the Pledgets and also have somewhat a large head lest they should be drawne as we sayd into the capacity of the Chest for if they fall in they will cause putrifaction and death Let Emplast Diacalcitheos or some such like bee applyed to the wound But if on the contrary you know by proper and certaine signes that there is much blood fallen into the spaces of the Chest then let the orifice of the wound bee kept open with larger tents untill all the Sanies or bloody matter wherein the blood hath degenerated shall bee exhausted But if it happen at any time as assuredly it sometimes doth that notwithstanding the Art and care of the Physition the wound degenerates into a Fistula then the former evill is become much worse For Fistula's of the Chest are scarse cured at any time and that for divers causes The first is for that the muscles of the Chest are in perpetuall motion Another is because they on the contrary inside are covered onely with the membrane investing the ribbes which is without blood The third is for that the wound hath no stay by meanes whereof it may be compressed sowed and bound whereby the lips being joyned together the wound may at length be replenished with flesh and cicatrized But the reason
why wounds of the Chest doe every day heape up and poure forth so great a quantity of matter seemes to be their vicinity to the heart which being the fountaine of blood there is a perpetuall effluxe ther eof from thence to the part affected For this is natures care in preserving the affected parts that continually and aboundantly without measure or meane it sends all its supplyes that is blood and spirits to the ayde Ad hereto that the affected parts by paine heate and continuall motion of the Lungs and midriffe draw and allure much blood to themselves Such like blood defiled by the malignity and filth of the wound is speedily corrupted whence it is that from the perpetuall affluxe of blood there is a continuall effluxe of matter or filth which at the last brings a man to a consumption because the ulcerated partlike a ravenous wolfe consumes more blood by the paine heate and motion than can be ministred thereto by the heart Yet if there bee any hope to cure and heale the Fistula it shall bee performed after the use of diet phlebotomie and according to the prescript of the Physition by a vulnerary potion which you shall finde described when we treate of the Caries or rottennesse of the bones Wherefore you shall make frequent injections therewith into the Fistula adding and mixing with it syruput de rosts ficcis and mel rosarum Neither doc I if the putrefaction bee great feare to mixe therewith Aegyptiacum But you must have a care to remember and observe the quantity of the injected liquor that you may know whether it all come forth againe after it hath performed its detergent office For if any thereof remaine behinde in the corners and crooked passages it hurts the part as corrupted with the contagion thereof The for me of a Syring fit to make injection when a great quantity of liquor is to be injected into any part After the injected liquor is come forth a pipe of gold silver or lead shall bee put into the fistulous ulcer and it must have many holes in it that so the filth may passe forth at them it must be fast tyed with strings that it may not fall into the capacity of the Chest A great spunge steeped in aqua vita and wrung forth againe shall bee layd hot to the end or orifice thereof both to hinder the entrance of theayre into the Fistulous ulcer as also to draw forth the filth thereof by its gentle heate the which thing the Patient shall much further if often times both day and night hee hold his breath stopping his mouth and nose and lying upon the diseased side that so the Sanies may bee the more forcibly evacuated neither must wee leave putting in the pipe before that this fistulous ulcer shall bee almost dry that is whole as when it yeelds little or no matter at all then it must be cicatrized But if the orifice of this fistulous ulcer being in the upper part hinder the healing thereof then by a chirurgicall Section a passage shall be made in the bottome as we sayd before in an Empyema The delineation of the pipes with their strings and spunges The reader must note that the pipes which are fit for this use neede not have so many holes as these here exprest but onely two or three in their ends for the flesh growing and getting into the rest make them that they cannot be plucked forth without much paine A wound made in the Lungs admits cure unlesse it bee very large if it bee without inflammation if it bee on the skirts of the Lungs and not on their upper parts if the patient containe himselfe from coughing much and contentious speaking and great breathing for the wound is enlarged by coughing and thence also arises inflammation the Pus and Sanies whereof whilst the lungs againe endeavour to expell by coughing by which meanes they are onely able to expell that which is hurtfull and troublesome to them the ulcer is dilated the inflammation augmented the Patient wastes away and the disease becomes incureable There have beene many Eclegma's described by Physitions for to clense the ulcer which when the patient useth he shall lye on his backe to keepe them long in his mouth so to relaxe the muscles of the Larinx for thus the medicine will fall by little and little alongst the coates of the Weazon for if it should fall downe in great quantity it would be in danger to cause coughing Cowes Asses or Goates milke with a little honey least they should corrupt in the stomacke are very fit remedies for this purpose but womans milke exceedes the rest But Sugar of Roses is to be preferred before all other medicines in the opinion of Avicen for that it hath a detergent and also an astrictive and strengthening faculty than which nothing is more to bee desired in curing of ulcers When you shall thinke it time to agglutinate the clensed ulcer you must command the patient to use emplasticke austere and asttringent medicines such as are Terra sigillata bolus armenus hypocystis plantaine knot-grasse Sumach acacia and the like which the patient shall use in hisbrothes and Eclegma's mixing therewith honey of roses which serving for a vehicle to the rest may carry away the impacted filth which hinders agglutination But seeing an hecticke feaver easily follows upon these kindes of wounds and also upon the affects of the Chest and lungs it will not be amisse to set downe somewhat concerning the cure thereof that so the Chirurgion may know to administer some helpe to his patient whilst a Physition is sent for to overcome this disease with more powerfull and certaine remedies CHAP. XXXII Of the differences causes signes and cure of an Hecticke feaver A Hecticke feaver is so called either for that it is stubborne and hard to eure and loose as things which have contracted a habite for Hexis in Greeke signifies a habite or else for that it seazes upon the solide parts of our bodies called by the Greekes Hexeis both which the Latine word Habitus doth signifie There are three kindes or rather degreees of this feaver The first is when the hecticke heate consumes the humidity of the solide parts The second is when it feeds upon the fleshy substance The third and uncureable is when it destroyes the solide parts themselves For thus the flame of a lampe first wastes the oyle then the proper moysture of the weeke Which being done there is no hope of lighting it againe what store of oyle soever you poure upon it This feaver very seldome breeds of its selfe but commonly followes after some other Wherefore the causes of a hecticke feaver are sharpe and burning feavers not well cured especially if their heate were not repressed with cooling epithemes applyed to the heart and Hypochondria If cold water was not fitly drunke If may also succeede a Diary feaver which hath bin caused and
times of the disease the beginning encrease state and declination for each of these foure require their remedies Others are taken from the temperament of the patient so that no Chirurgion neede doubt that some medicines are fit for cholericke othersome for phlegmaticke bodyes Hither referre the indication taken from the age of the patient also it is drawn from his dyet for no man must prescribe any slender diet to one who is alwayes feeding as to him who is accustomed to cate but once or twise a day Hence it is that a dyet consisting onely of Panada's is more fit for Italians than for French men for we must give somewhat to custome which is as it were another nature Vocations and dayly exercises are referred to dyet for other things besit husband men and laboures whose flesh is dense and skin hardened by much labour than idle and delicate persons But of all other have diligent regard of that indication which is drawne from the strength of the patient for we must presently all else being neglected succour the fainting or decaying strength wherefore if it be needfull to cut off a member that is putrified the operation must bee deferred if the strength of the patient be so dejected that hee cannot have it performed without manifest danger of his life Also indication may be drawne from the encompassing ayre under which also is comprehended that which is taken from the season of the yeere region the state of the ayre and soyle and the particular condition of the present and lately by-past time Hence it is we reade in Guido that wounds of the head are cured with farre more difficulty at Paris than at Avignion where notwithstanding on the contrary the wounds of the legges are cured with more trouble than at Paris The cause is the ayre is cold and moyst at Paris which constitution seeing it is hurtfull to the braine and head it cannot but must be offensive to the wounds of these parts But the heate of the ambient ayre at Avignion attenuates and dissolves the humors and makes them flow from above downewards But if any object that experience contradicts this opinion of Guide say that wounds of the head are more frequently deadly in hot countries let him understand that this must not be attributed to the manifest naturall heate of the ayre but to a certaine maligne venenate humor or vapour dispersed through the ayre and raysed out of the Seas as you may easily observe in those places of France Italy which border upon the Mediterranean Sea An indication may also be drawne from the peculiar temper of the wounded parts for the musculous parts must be dressed after one and the bony parts after another manner The different sense of the parts indicates and requires the like variety of remedies for you shall not apply so acride medicines to the Nerves and Tendons as to the ligaments which are destitute of sense The like reason also for the dignity and function of the parts needefull for the preservation of life for oft times wounds of the braine or of some other of the naturall and vitall parts for this very reason that they are defixed in these parts divert the whole manner of the cure which is usually and generally performed in wounds Neither that without good cause for oft times from the condition of the parts we may certainely pronounce the whole successe of the disease for wounds which penetrate into the ventricles of the braine into the heart the large vessells the chest the nervous part of the midriffe the Liver ventricle small guts bladder if somewhat large are deadly as also these which light upon a joynt in a body repleate with ill humors as we have formerly noted Neither must you neglect that indication which is drawne from the situation of the part and the commerce it hath with the adjacent parts or from the figure thereof seeing that Galen himselfe would not have it neglected But wee must consider in taking these forementioned Indications whether there bee a composition or complication of the diseases for as there is one and that a simple indication of one that a simple disease so must the indication be various of a compound and complicate disease But there is observed to be a triple composition or complication of affects besides nature for either a disease is compounded with a disease as a wound or a phlegmon with a fracture of a bone or a disease with a cause as an ulcer with a defluxion or a disease with a symptome as a wound with paine or bleeding It sometimes comes to passe that these three the disease cause and symprome concurre in one case or affect In artificially handling of which we must follow Galens counsell who wishes in complicated and compounded affects that we resist the more urgent then let us withstand the cause of the disease and lastly that affect without which the rest cannot be cured Which counsell must well be observed for in this composure of affects which distracts the Empericke But on the contrary the rationall Physition hath a way prescribed in a few and these excellent words which if hee follow in his order of cure hee can scarse misse to heale the patient Symptomes truely as they are symptomes yeeld no indication of curing neither change the order of the cure for when the disease is healed the symptome vanishes as that which followes the disease as a shadow followes the body But symptomes doe often times so urge and presse that perverting the whole order of the cure we are forced to resist them in the first place as those which would otherwise encrease the disease Now all the formerly mentioned indications may be drawne to two heads the first is to restore the part to its native temper the other is that the blood offend not either in quantity or quality for when those two are present there is nothing which may hinder the repletion nor union of wounds or Vlcers CHAP. IX What remaines for the Chirurgion to doe in this kinde of wounds THe Chirurgion must first of all be skilfull and labour to asswage paine hinder defluxions prescribe a dyet in these sixe things we call Not naturall forbidding the use of hot and acrid things as also of wine for such attenuate the humors and make them more apt for defluxion Therefore at the first let his dyet be slender that so the course of the humors may bee diverted from the affected part for the stomacke being empty and not well filled drawes from the parts about it whereby it consequently followes that the utmost and remotest parts are at the length evacuated which is the cause that such as are wounded must keepe so spare a dyet for the next dayes following Venery is very pernitious for that it inflames the spirits and humors farre beyond other motions whereby it happens that the humors waxing hot are too plentifully carryed to the wounded
humidity because there are no such things to bee found as may come to the fourth degree of moisture Yet there is an example that averres the contrary which was of one who sleeping on the night was bitten by a Serpent as Gilbertus Anglicus affirmeth for dying thereof when as his servant desirous to awaken his Master out of his sleepe tooke him by the arme all the flesh being putrefied fell off and presently the bones also fell asunder being deprived of their flesh which could not happen unlesse by excesse of the venemous humidity which lay hid in the teeth and spittle of the serpent Also wee have found it noted by Hippocrates that in a rayny humide and southerly constitution of the yeare it happened by the maligne violence of the venenate and putrefying humidity that the flesh of the armes and legges becomming rotten fell away by peecemeale and the bones remained bare yea also and the bones themselves in some putrefyed and fell away neither certainely doth the Lues venerea kill by any other meanes than by a fretting and putrefying force of humidity by whose efficacy the solidity of the bones is dissolved then much more the flesh may bee tainted and consumed by putrefaction To these and such poysons which worke by a manifest and elementary faculty when as they shall bee received into the body after what manner soever you shall forthwith oppose their contraries and if by chance it bee not manifest what and of what distinct kind of poyson that is you must know that such poysons as worke by occult properties it is not by reason as yet found out how they will affect the body but onely by experience Therefore to these you must oppose their like antidotes which may by their whole substance strengthen the heart and vitall faculty and withstand the strength of the poyson But to this our distinction of poysons working by a manifest and elementary quality their opinion is contrary who affirme that the venome of all poysonous beasts are therefore cold for that such as are bitten or stung with them are forthwith felt to bee colder than a stone And that serpents for fear of cold when as winter is at hand keep themselves in holes and dens under ground or else as vipers use to doe lye under stones under which you may often finde them stiffe and numbe and so unapt for motion that you may easily take them up in your hand But the coldnesse that is perceived or felt in such as are bitten or stung is not occasioned by the coldnesse of the poyson but by the absence of the naturall heate withdrawing it selfe in the very instant of the stroake from the surface into the center of the body both for the defence of the heart as the principall part as also for that there is nothing which so much dissipates or so much oppugnes the vitall heat as poyson of what kinde soever it be doth CHAP. VI. How or by what meanes to shunne or eschew Poysons IT is a matter of much difficulty to avoyd poysons because such as at this time temper them are so throughly prepared for deceit and mischief that they will deceive even the most wary and quick-sighted for they so qualifie their ingrate taste and smell by the admixture of sweet and well smelling things that they cannot easily bee perceived even by the skillfull Therefore such as feare poysoning ought to take heed of meates cooked with much art very sweete salt soure or notably endued with any other taste And when they are opprest with hunger or thirst they must not eate nor drinke too greedily but have a diligent regard to the taste of such things as they eate or drinke besides before meat let them take such things as may weaken the strength of the poysons such as is the fat broth of good nourishing flesh meats in the morning let them arme themselves with treacle or mithridate and conserve of roses or the leaves of rue a wallnut and dry figs besides let him presently drinke a little draught of Muskedine or some other good wine when one suspects hee hath taken any poyson in meat or drinke let him forbeare sleeping For besides that the force of poyson is oft times so rapid that it consumes our life in a short space as fire doth stubble as also for that it is drawne more in wardly into the secret passages of the body by sleepe Wherefore in such a case it is better to procure vomit by drinking Hydraeleum warme or butter dissolved in warme oyle or a decoction of line or fenugreeke seedes or fat broth for thus the received poyson is also cast forth therewith or else the acrimony thereof retunded and the belly loosed You may see this by daily experience for caustickes vesicatories and the like acrid things being applyed to an anointed part will not blister nor exulcerate the part Neither doth the vomit conduce onely in this that it excludeth the poyson but it shewes either by the taste smell or colour the kinde of the taken poyson so that then by using the proper Antidote it may bee the more easily and speedily resisted yet not withstanding if you conceive that the poyson have descended deeper into the Guts you may with a glyster draw away the rest thereof which adheres to the coats of the Guts But if the patient cannot vomit then shall some purging medicine be given him forthwith and such as are thought more particularly to resist poyson such as are Agaricke Aloes the lesser Centaury Rubarbe and other things according to the direction of the learned Physitian Then shall you administer glysters made with Cassia fatty decoctions sheeps suet or butter or Cowes milke with the mucilages of Line seed psilium seeds quince seeds and other such things as are usually given in a Dysentery or bloody fluxe that such things may hinder the adhesion of the poyson to the coates of the guts and by their unctuousnesse retunde the acrimony of the poyson and mitigate if any thing shall already be ulcerated and absolutely defend the sound parts from the maligne effects of the poyson But let this be a perpetuall rule That the poyson bee speedily drawne backe by the same way it entred into the body as if it entred by smelling in at the nostrills let it bee drawne back by sneesing if by the mouth into the stomack let it be excluded by vomit if by the fundament into the belly then by glister if by the privities into the wombe then by metrenchites or injections made therinto if by a bite sting or wound let revulsion bee made by such things as have a powerfull attractive faculty for thus we make diversions that by these we may not onely hinder the poyson from assailing the heart but also that by this means we may draw it from within outwards Wherfore strong ligatures cast about the armes thighes and legges are good in this case Also large cupping
a horse as Avicen writes The Antidote is pistick nuts eaten in great plenty treacle also and mithridate dissolved in sacke also wormewood rue and milke Of Mushromes some are deadly and hurtfull of their owne kinde and nature as those which broken presently become of divers colours and forth with putrefie such as Avicen saith those are which be found of a grayish or blewish colour others though not hurtfull in qualitie yet eaten in greater measure than is fitting become deadly for seeing by nature they are very cold and moist and consequently abound with no small viscosity as the excrementitious phlegme of the earth or trees whereon they grow they suffocate and extinguish the heat of the body as overcome by their quantity and strangle as if one were hanged and lastly kill Verily I cannot chuse but pittying Gourmondizers who though they know that Mushromes are the seminary and gate of death yet doe they with a great deale of doo most greedily devoure them I say pitying them I will shew them and teach them the art how they may feed upon this so much desired dish without the endangering of their health Know therfore that Mushromes may be eaten without danger if that they be first boyled with wild peares but if you have no wilde peares you may supply that defect with others which are the most harsh either newly gathered or dryed in the sun The leaves as also the bark of the same Tree are good especially of the wild for peares are their Antidote yet Conciliator gives another to wit Garlick eaten crude whereto in like sort vineger may bee fitly added so to cut and attenuate the tough viscous and grosse humors heaped up and in danger to strangle one by the too plentifull eating of Mushromes as it is delivered by Galen Ephemerum which some call Colchicum or Bulbus sylvestris that is medow saffron being taken inwardly causeth an itching over all the bodie no otherwise than those that are netled or rubbed with the juice of a Squill Inwardly they feelegnawings their stomacke is troubled with a great heavinesse and the disease encreasing there are streakes of blood mixed with the excrements The Antidote thereof is womans milke Asses or Cowes milk drunken warme and in a large quantity Mandrage taken in great quantity either the root or fruit causeth great sleepinesse sadnesse resolution and languishing of the body so that after many scritches and gripings the patient falls asleep in the same posture as hee was in just as if hee were in a Lethargie Wherefore in times past they gave Mandrage to such as were to bee dismembred The apples when as they are ripe and their seeds taken forth may be safely eaten for being green and with their seeds in them are deadly For there ariseth an intolerable heate which burnes the whole surface of the bodie the tongue and mouth waxe dry by reason whereof they gape continually so to take in the cold aire in which case unlesse they be presently helped they die with convulsions But they may be easily helped if they shall presently drinke such things as are convenient therefore Amongst which in Conciliators opinion excell radish seeds eaten with salt and bread for the space of three dayes Sneesing shall be procured if the former remedy do not quickly refresh them and a decoction of Coriander or Penny-royall in faire water shall be given them to drinke warme The ungratefull taste of the juice of blacke poppy which is termed Opium as also of Mandrage easily hinders them from being put into meate or drinke but that they may be discerned and chiefly for that neither of them can kill unlesse they be taken in a good quantity But because there is danger lest they bee given in greater quantity than is fitting by the ignorance of Physitians or Apothecaries you may by these signes finde the errour There ensues heavie sleepe with a vehement itching so that the patient oft times is forced thereby to cast off his dull sleepe wherein hee lay yet keepes his eye-lids shur being unable to open them But by this agitation there flowes out sweat which smels of Opium the bodie waxeth pale the lippes burne the Jaw-bone is relaxed they breath little and seldome When as their eyes waxe livid unlesse they bee drawne aside and that they are depressed in their orbe we must know that death is at hand The remedy against this is two drammes of the pouder of Castoreum given in wine Hemlocke drunken causeth Vertigo's troubleth the minde so that the patients may bee taken for mad men it darkeneth the sight causeth hicketting and benums the extreme parts lastly strangles with convulsions by supressing or stopping the breath of the Arterie Wherefore at the first as in other poysons you must endevour to expell it by vomit then inject glysters to expell that is got into the guts then use wine without mixture which is very powerfull in this case Peter Aponensis thinks the Bezoar or Antidote thereof to bee a potion of two drams of Treacle with a decoction of Dictamnus or Gentian in wine He which further desires to enform himselfe of the effects of Hemlock let him read Mathiolus his commentary upon Dioscorides where as he treats of the same subject Aconitum called so of Aconis a towne of the Periendines where as it plentifully growes According to Mathiolus it kils Wolves Foxes Dogges Cats Swine Panthers Leopards and all wilde beasts mixed with flesh and so devoured by them but it kills mice by onely smelling thereto Scorpions if touched by the roote of Aconite grow numme and torpid and so die thereof arrowes or darts dipped therein make uncurable wounds Those who have drunke Aconite their tongue forthwith waxeth sweet with a certaine astriction which within a while after turneth to bitternesse it causeth a Vertigo and shedding of teares and a heavinesse or straitnesse of the chest and parts about the heart it makes them breake wind downewards and makes all the body to tremble Pliny attributes so great celerity and violence to this poyson that if the genitalls of female creatures bee touched therewith it will kill them the same day there is no presenter remedy than speedy vomiting after the poison is taken But Conciliator thinks Aristolochia to be the Antidote thereof Yet some have made it usefull for man by experimenting it against the stinging of Scorpions being given warme in wine For it is of such a nature that it killeth the party unlesse it finde something in him to kill for then it strives therewith as if it had found an adversary But this fight is onely when as it finds poyson in the body and this is marvellous that both the poisons being of their own nature deadly should dye together that man may by that meanes live There are divers sorts thereof one wherof hath a flower like an helmet as if it were armed to mans destruction
St. Dennis For all wounds by what weapon soever they were made degenerated into great and filthy putrefactions corruptions with feavers of the like nature were commonly determined by death what medicines how diligently soever they were applyed which caused many to have a false suspicion that the weapons on both sides were poisoned But there were manifest signes of corruption and putrefaction in the bloud let the same day that any were hurt and in the principall parts dissected afterwards that it was from no other cause than an evill constitution of the Aire and the minds of the Souldiers perverted by hate anger and feare CHAP. V. What signes in the Aire and Earth prognosticate a Plague WEE may know a Plague to bee at hand and hang over us if at any time the Aire and seasons of the yeare swarve from their naturall constitution after those wayes I have mentioned before if frequent and long continuing Meteors or sulphureous Thunders infect the Aire if fruits seeds and pulse be worme-eaten If Birds forsake their nests egges or Young without any manifest cause if we perceive women commonly to abort by continuall breathing in the vaporous Aire being corrupted and hurtfull both to the Embrion and originall of life and by which it being suffocated is presently cast forth and expelled Yet notwithstanding those airy impressions doe not solely corrupt the Aire but there may be also others raysed by the Sunne from the filthy exhalations and poysonous vapours of the earth and waters or of dead carcasses which by their unnaturall mixture easily corrupt the Aire subject to alteration as which is thin and moyst from whence divers Epidemiall diseases and such as every-where seaze upon the common sort according to the sevâ—…l kinds of corruptions such as that famous Catarrhe with difficulty of breathing which in the yeare 1510. went almost over the World and raged over all the Cities and Townes of France with great heavinesse of the head whereupon the French named it Cuculla with a straitnesse of the heart and lungs and a Cough a continuall Feaver and sometimes raving This although it seazed upon many more than it killed yet because they commonly dyed who were either let bloud or purged it shewed it selfe pestilent by that violent and peculiar and unheard of kinde of malignity Such also was the English Sweating-sicknesse or Sweating-feaver which unusuall with a great deale of terrour invaded all the lower parts of Germany and the Low Countryes from the yeare 1525. unto the yeare 1530. and that chiefly in Autumne As soone as this pestilent disease entred into any City suddenly two or three hundred fell sick on one day then it departing thence to some other place The people strucken with it languishing fell down in a swoune and lying in their beds sweat continually having a feaver a frequent quick and unequall pulse neither did they leave sweating till the disease left them which was in one or two dayes at the most yet freed of it they languished long after they all had a beating or palpitation of the heart which held some for two or three yeeres and others all their life after At the first beginning it killed many before the force of it was knowne but afterwards very few when it was found out by practice and use that those who furthered and continued their sweats and strengthened themselves with Cordials were all restored But at certaine times many other popular diseases sprung up as putrid feavers fluxes bloudy-fluxes catarrhes coughes phrenzies squinances pleurisies inflammations of the lungs inflammations of the eyes apoplexies lithargies small pocks and meazels scabs carbuncles and maligne pustles Wherefore the plague is not alwayes nor every-where of one and the same kind but of divers which is the cause that divers names are imposed upon it according to the variety of the effects it brings and symptomes which accompany it and kinds of putrefaction and hidden qualities of the Aire They affirme when the Plague is at hand that Mushromes grow in greater abundance out of the earth and upon the surface thereof many kindes of poysonous insecta creepe in great numbers as Spiders Caterpillers Butter-flyes Grasse-hoppers Beetles Hornets Waspes Flyes Scorpions Snailes Locusts Toads Wormes and such things as are the off-spring of putrefaction And also wilde beasts tyred with the vaporous malignity of their Dennes and Caves in the earth forsake them and Moles Toads Vipers Snakes Lizzards Aspes and Crocodiles are seene to flee away and remove their habitations in great troopes For these as also some other creatures have a manifest power by the gift of God and the instinct of Nature to presage changes of weather as raines showers and faire weather and seasons of the yeare as the Spring Summer Autumne Winter which they testifie by their singing chirping crying flying playing and beating their wings and such like signes so also they have a perception of a Plague at hand And moreover the carcasses of some of them which tooke lesse heed of themselves suffocated by the pestiferous poyson of the ill Aire contained in the earth may bee every where found not onely in their dens but also in the plaine fields These vapours corrupted not by a simple putrefaction but an occult malignity are drawne out of the bowels of the earth into the Aire by the force of the Sun and Starres and thence condensed into clouds which by their falling upon corne trees and grasse infect and corrupt all things which the earth produceth and also kils those creatures which feed upon them yet brute beasts sooner than men as which stoope and hold their heads downe towards the ground the maintainer and breeder of this poyson that they may get their food from thence Therefore at such times skilfull husbandmen taught by long experience never drive their Cattell or Sheep to pasture before that the Sun by the force of his beames hath wasted and diffipated into Aire this pestiferous dew hanging and abiding upon boughes and leaves of trees herbs corne and fruits But on the contrary that pestilence which proceeds from some maligne quality from above by reason of evill and certaine conjunction of the Stars is more hurtfull to men and birds as those who are neerer to heaven CHAP. VI. By using what cautions in Aire and Diet one may prevent the Plague HAving declared the signes fore-shewing a Pestilence now wee must shew by what meanes we may shun the imminent danger thereof and defend our selves from it No prevention seemed more certaine to the Ancients than most speedily to remove into places farre distant from the infected place and to be most slow in their returne thither againe But those who by reason of their businesse or employments cannot change their habitation must principally have care of two things The first is that they strengthen their bodies and the principall parts thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the poyson or the pestiferous and venenate
yeare but afterwards the more years old it waxeth the strength thereof is more abolished so that at length the whole composition becommeth very hot The confection of Alkermes is very effectuall both for a preservative against this disease and also for the cure The quantity of a Filberd of Rubarbe with one Clove chawed or rowled in the mouth is supposed to repell the comming of the pestilent Aire as also this composition following Take of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram of conserve of Roses and of the roots of Buglosse of each three drammes of Citron seeds halfe an ounce of Annise seeds and Fennell seeds of each one dram of Angelica roots four scruples sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth Make a Confection and cover it with leaves of Gold and take a little of it out of a spoone before you goe abroad every morning Or take of Pine-Apple kernels and Fistick nuts infused for the space of sixe hours in the water of Scabious and Roses of each two ounces of Almonds blanched in the fore-named waters halfe a pound of preserved Citron and Orange pils of each one dram and a halfe of Angelica roots foure scruples make them according to art unto the forme of March-pane or of any other such like confection and hold a little piece thereof often in your mouth The Tablets following are most effectuall in such a ease Take of the roots of Diptam Tormentill Valerian Elecampaine Eringoes of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata of each one scruple of Camphire Cinnamon Sorrell seeds and Zedoarie of each one scruple of the Species of the Electuarie Diamargariton Frigidum two scruples of conserve of Roses Buglosse preserved Citron pils Mithridate Treacle of each one dram of fine sugar dissolved in Scabious and Carduus water as much as shall suffice Make thereof Tablets of the weight of a dram or half a dram take them in the morning before you eat The pils of Ruffus are accounted most effectuall preservatives so that Ruffus himselfe saith that he never knew any to be infected that used them the composition of them is thus Take of the best Aloes halfe a dram of Gumme Ammoniacum two drammes of Myrrhe two drams and an halfe of Masticke two drams of Saffron seven graines Put them all together and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons or the syrupe of Lemons and make thereof a masse and let it bee kept in leather Let the patient take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat let him drinke the water of Sorrell after it which through its tartnesse and the thinnesse of its parts doth infringe the force and power of the malignity or putrefaction For experience hath taught us that Sorrell being eaten or chawed in the mouth doth make the pricking of Scorpions unhurtfull And for those ingredients which do enter into the composition of those pils Aloes doth cleanse and purge Myrrhe resists putrefaction Mastick strengthens Saffron exhilerates and makes lively the spirits that governe the body especially the vitall and animall Those pils that follow are also much approved Take of Aloes one ounce of Myrrhe halfe an ounce of Saffron one scruple of Agarick in Trochisces two drams of Rubarbe in powder one dram of Cinnamon two scruples of Masticke one dram and a half of Citron seeds twelve grains Powder them all as is requisite and make thereof a masse with the syrupe of Maiden-haire Let it be used as afore-said If the masse begin to waxe hard the pils that must presently be taken must be mollified with the syrupe of Lemons Take of washed Aloes two ounces of Saffron one dram of Myrrhe half an ounce of Ammoniacum dissolved in white wine one ounce of hony of Roses Zedoarie red Saunders of each one dram of bole Armenick prepared two drams of red Coral half an ounce of Camphire halfe a scruple make thereof pils according to Art But those that are subject or apt to the haemorrhoids ought not at all or very seldome to use those kindes of pils that doe receive much Aloes They say that King Mithridates affirmed by his own writing that whosoever took the quantity of an hasell Nut of the preservative following and dranke a little wine after it should be free from poyson that day Take two Wall-nuts those that be very dry two figs twenty leaves of Rue and three grains of salt beat them and incorporate them together and let them be used as is aforesaid This remedy is also said to be profitable for those that are bitten or stâ—ng by some venemous beast and for this onely because it hath Rue in the composition thereof But you must forbid women that are with child the use of this medicine for Rue is hot and dry in the third degree and therefore it is said to purge the womb and provoke the flowers whereby the nourishment is drawne away from the child Of such variety of medicines every one may make choice of that that is most agreeable to his taste and as much thereof as shall be sufficient CHAP. VIII Of locall medicines to be applied outwardly THose medicines that have proper and excellent vertues against the pestilence are not to bee neglected to bee applied outwardly or carried in the hand And such are all aromaticall astringent or spirituous things which therfore are endued with vertue to repell the venemous and pestiferous aire from comming and entring into the body and to strengthen the heart and the braine Of this kind are Rue Balm Rosemary Scordium Sage Worme-wood Cloves Nutmegs Saffron the roots of Angelica and Lovage and such like which must bee macerated one night in sharpe Vinegar and Aquavitae and then tyed in a knot as bigge as an egge or rather let it be carried in a sponge made wet or soaked in the said infusion For there is nothing that doth sooner and better hold the spirituous vertue and strength of aromaticke things than a sponge Wherefore it is of principall use either to keep or hold sweet things to the nose or to apply Epithemes and Fomentations to the heart Those sweet things ought to be hot or cold as the season of the yeere and kinde of the pestilence is As for example in the Summer you ought to infuse and macerate Cinamon and Cloves beaten together with a little Saffron in equall parts of Vinegar of Roses and Rose water into which you must dippe a sponge which rowled in a faire linnen cloath you may carry in your hand and often smell to Take of Wormewood halfe a handfull ten Cloves of the roots of Gentian and Angelica of each two drammes of Vinegar and Rose water of each two ounces of Treacle and Mithridate of each one dramme beat and mixe them all well together and let a sponge be dipped therein and used as above-said They may also bee enclosed in boxes made of sweet wood as of Juniper Cedar or Cypresse and so
happen by the same cause that twinnes and many at one birth contrary to natures course doe chance that is by a larger effusion of seed than is required for the framing of that part that so it exceeds either in number or else in greatnesse So Austin tells that in his time in the East an infant was borne having all the parts from the belly upwards double but from thence downewards single and simple for it had two heads foure eyes two breasts foure hands in all the rest like to another child and it lived a little while Caelius Rhodiginus saith he saw two monsters in Italy the one male the other female handsomly neatly made through all their bodies except their heads which were double the male died within a few daies after it was borne but the female whose shape is here delineated lived 20. five yeers which is contrary to the common custome of monsters for they for the most part are very short lived because they both live and are born as it were against natures consent to which may be added they doe not love themselves by reason they are made a scorne to others and by that meanes lead a hated life The effigies of a maide with two heads But it is most remarkeable which Lycosthenes telleth of this woman-monster for excepting her two heads shee was framed in the rest of her body to an exact perfection her two heads had the like desire to eat and drinke to sleepe to speake and to doe every thing she begged from dore to dore every one giving to her freely Yet at length she was banisht Bavaria lest that by the frequent looking upon her the imaginations of women with childe strongly moved should make the like impression in the infants they bare in their wombes The effigies of two girles whose backes grew together In the yeere of our Lord 1475. at Verona in Italy two Girles were borne with their backes sticking together from the lower part of the shoulders unto the very buttockes The novelty and strangenesse of the thing moved their parents being but poor to carry them through all the chiefe townes in Italy to get mony of all such as came to see them In the yeere 1530. there was a man to bee seene at Paris out of whose belly another perfect in all his members except his head hanged forth as if he had been grafted there The man was forty yeeres old and hee carried the other implanted or growing out of him in his armes with such admiration to the beholders that many ranne very earnestly to see him The figure of a man with another growing out of him The effigies of the horned or hooded monster At Quiers a small village some ten miles from Turine in Savoy in the yeere 1578. upon the seventeenth day of January about eight a clocke at night an honest matron brought forth a childe having five hornes like to Rams hornes set opposite to one another upon his head he had also a long piece of flesh like in some sort to a French-hood which women used to wear hanging downe from his forehead by the nape of his necke almost the length of his backe two other pieces of flesh like the collar of a shirt were wrapped about his necke the fingers ends of both his hands somewhat resembled a Haukes talons and his knees seemed to be in his hammes the right leg and the right foot were of a very red colour the rest of the body was of a tawny colour it is said he gave so terrible a scritch when he was brought forth that the Midwives and the rest of the women that were at her labour were so frighted that they presently left the house and ran away When the Duke of Savoy heard of this monster he commanded it should be brought to him which performed one would hardly think what various censures the Courtiers gave of it The shape of a monster found in an egge The monster you see here delineated was found in the middle and innermost part of an egge with the face of a man but haires yeelding a horrid representation of snakes the chinne had three other snakes stretched forth like a beard It was first seene at Autun at the house of one Bancheron a Lawyer a maide breaking many eggs to butter the white of this egge given a Cat presently killed her Lastly this monster comming to the hands of the Baron Senecy was brought to King Charles the ninth being then at Metz. The effigies of a monstrous childe having two heads two armes foure legs In the yeere 1546. a woman at Paris in her sixt moneth of her account brought forth a childe having two heads two armes and foure legges I dissecting the body of it found but one heart by which one may know it was but one infant For you may know this from Aristotle whether the monstrous birth bee one or more joined together by the principall part for if the body have but one heart it is but one if two it is double by the joyning together in the conception The portraiture of Twinnes joyned together with one head In the yeere 1569. a certaine woman of Towers was delivered of twinnes joyned together with one head and mutually embracing each other Renatus Ciretus the famous Chirurgian of those parts sent mee their Sceleton The effigies of two girles being Twinnes joyned together by their fore-heads Munster writes that in the village Bristant not farre from Wormes in the yeere 1495. he saw two Girles perfect and entire in every part of their bodies but they had their fore-heads so joined together that they could not be parted or severed by any art they lived together ten yeeres then the one dying it was needfull to separate the living from the dead but she did not long out-live her sister by reason of the malignity of the wound made in parting them asunder In the yeere 1570. the twentieth of July at Paris in the street Gravilliers at the signe 〈◊〉 the Bell these two infants were borne distering in sexe with that shape of body â—â—at you see expressed in the figure They were baptized in the Church of St. Nichlas of the fields and named Ludovicus and Ludovica their father was a Mason his nâ—me was Peter German his surname Petit Dieu i little-God his mothers name was Mathea Petronilla The shape of the infants lately borne at Paris The figure of two girles joyned together in their breasts and belly In the yeere 1572. in Pont de See neare Anger 's a little towne were borne upon the tenth day of July two girles perfect in their limbs but that they had but foure fingers apiece on their left hands they clave together in their 〈◊〉 parts from their chin to the navell which 〈◊〉 but one as their heart was also but one their 〈◊〉 was divided into foure lobes they lived haâ—â— an houre and were baptized The figure of a child with two heads and the body as bigge as one
of the wound is received of the Chirurgion according to the civill Law It is recorded in the workes of ancient Physitions that wounds may bee called great for three respects The first is by reason of the greatnesse of the dissolved unitie or resolution of Continuity and such are these wounds which made by a violent stroake with a backe-sword have cut off the arme or legge or overthwart the breast The second is by reason of the dignitie or worthinesse of the part now this dignity dependeth on the excellencie of the action therefore thus any little wound made with a bodkin knife in any part whose substance is noble as in the Braine Heart Liver or any other part whose action and function is necessary to preserve life as in the Weasant Lungs or Bladder is judged great The third is by reason of the greatnesse and ill habit or the abundance of ill humors or debility of all the wounded body so those woundes that are made in nervous parts and old decayed people are sayd to be great But in searching of wounds let the Chirurgion take heede that he be not deceived by his probe For many times it cannot goe into the bottome of the wound but stoppeth and sticketh in the way either because he hath not placed the patient in the same posture wherein he was when he received his hurt or else for that the stroake being made downe right slipt aside to the right or left hand or else from below upwards or from above downewards and therefore hee may expect that the wound is but little and will be cured in a short time when it is like to bee long in curing or else mortall Therefore from the first day it behooveth him to suspend his judgement of the wound untill the ninth for in that time the accidents will shew themselves manifestly whether they be small or great according to the condition of the wound or wounded bodyes and the state of the ayre according to his primitive qualities or venomous corruption But generally the signes whereby we may judge of diseases whether they bee great or small of long or short continuance mortall or not mortall are foure For they are drawne either from the nature and essence of the disease or from the cause or effects thereof or else from the similitude proportion and comparison of those diseases with the season or present constitution of the times Therefore if wee are called to the cure of a greene wound whose nature and danger is no other but a simple solution of Continuity in the musculous flesh we may presently pronounce that wound to be of no danger and that it will soone be cured But if it have an Vlcer annexed unto it that is if it be sanious then we may say it will be more difficult and long in the curing and so we may pronounce of all diseases taking a signe of their essence and nature But of the signes that are taken of the causes let this bee an example A wound that is made with a sharpe pointed and heavie weapon as with an halbeard being stricken with great violence must be accounted great yea and also mortall if the accidents be correspondent But if the patient fall to the ground through the violence of the stroake if a cholericke vomiting follow thereon if his sight faile him together with a giddinesse if blood come forth at his eyes and nosthrills if distraction follow with losse of memory and sense of feeling we may say that all the hope of life remaineth in one small signe which is to be deduced from the effects of the wound But by the comparing it unto the season that then is and diseases that then assault mans body wee may say that all those that are wounded with gunshot are in danger of death as it happened in the schirmishes at the seige of Roan and at the battall of Saint Denis For at that time whether it were by reason of the fault of the heavens or ayre through the evill humors of mans body and the disturbance of them all wounds that were made by gunshot were for the most part mortall So likewise at certaine seasons of the yeare we see the small pockes and measels breake forth in children as it were by a certaine pestilent contagion to the destruction of children onely inferring a most cruell vomit and laske and in such a season the judgement of those diseases is not difficult But you by the following signes may know what parts are wounded If the patient fall downe with the stroake if he lye senselesse as it were asleepe if he voyde his excrements unwittingly if he be taken with giddinesse if blood come out at his eares mouth and nose and if he vomit choller you may understand that the scull is fractured or pearced through by the defect in his understanding and discourse You also may know when the scull is fractured by the judgement of your externall senses as if by feeling it with your finger you finde it elevated or depressed beyond the naturall limits if by striking it with the end of a probe when the Pericranium or nervous filme that investeth the scull is cut crosse wise and so divided there from it yeeld a base and unperfect sound like unto a pot sheard that is broken or rather like unto an earthen pitcher that hath a cleft or rent therein But we may say that death is at hand if his reason and understanding faile him if he be speechlesse if his sight forsake him if he would tumble headlong out of his bed being not at all able to moove the other parts of his body if he have a continuall feaver if his tongue be blacke with drienesse if the edges of the wound bee blacke or dry and cast forth no sanious matter if they resemble the colour of salted flesh if he have an apoplexie phrensie convulsion or palsie with an involuntarie excretion or absolute supprâ—ssion of the Vrine and excrements You may know that a man hath his throate that is his weason and winde pipe cut First by the sight of his wound and next by the abolishment of the function or office thereof both wayes for the patient can neither speake nor swallow any meate or drinke and the parts that are cut asunder divide themselves by retraction upwards or downewards one from another whereof commeth sodaine or present death You may know that a wound hath peirced into the brest or concavity of the body if the ayre come forth at the wound making a certaine whizzing noyse if the patient breathe with great difficulty if he feele a great heavinesse or weight on or about the midriffe whereby it may be gathered that a great quantity of blood lyeth on the place or midriffe and so causeth him to feele a weight or heavinesse which by little and little will bee cast up by vomiting But a little after a feaver commeth and the breath is unsavory and stinking
more great because it is in perpetuall motion both fleeping and waking and is dilated and comprest to let in the aire to the heart and cast fuliginous vapours out by the unnaturall heate is made inflammation then the expulsive vertue is constrained to cast out by cough whatsoever is obnoxious unto it for the Lungs cannot be purged but by coughing by coughing the wound is dilated and growes greater from whence the blood issues out in great aboundance which blood is drawne from the heart by the veine arteriall to give them nourishment and to the heart by the vena cava his meate was barly broth stewed prunes sometimes panado his drinke was Ptisan He could not lye but upon his backe which shewed he had a great quantity of blood spilt within the capacity of the Thorax and being spread or spilled along the spondills doth not so much presse the Lungs as it doth being laid on the sides or sitting What shall I say more but that the said Lord Martigues since the time hee was hurt hath not reposed one houre onely and hath alwayes cast out bloody urines and stooles These things then Messieres considered one can make no other prognosticke but that he will dye in a few dayes which is to my great greefe Having ended my discourse I drest him as I was wont having discovered his wounds the Physitions and other assistants presently knew the truth of what I had said The said Physitions having felt his pulse and knowne his forces to be almost spent and abolished concluded with mee that in a few dayes he would dye and at the same instant went all toward the Lord of Savoy where they all said that the said Lord Martigues would dye in a short time he answered it were possible if hee were well drest he might escape Then they all with one voyce said hee had beene very well drest and sollicited with all things necessary for the curing of his wounds and could not be better and that it was impossible to cure him and that his wound was mortall of necessity The Monsieur de Savoy shewed himselfe to bee very much discontented and wept and asked them againe if for certaine they all held him deplored and remedilesse they all answered yes Then a certaine Spanish impostor offered himselfe who promised on his life that he would cure him and if he failed to cure him they should cut him in an hundred peeces but he would not have any Physitions Chirurgions or Apothecaries with him And at the same instant the sayd Lord of Savoy told the Physitions and Chirurgions they should not in any wise goe any more to see the sayd Lord of Martigues Also he sent a Gentleman to me to forbid me upon paine of life not to touch any more the said Lord of Martigues which I promised not to doe wherefore I was very glad seeing he should not dye in my hands and commanded the said impostor to dresse the said Lord of Martigues And that he should have no other Physitions nor Chirurgions but him he came presently to the said Lord of Martigues who told him Senor Cavallero el senor Dugue me ha mandado que viniesse a curar vostra herida yo os juro á Dios que antes de acho dias yo os haga subir a Cavallo con la lansa en puno contalque no ago que yo qúos togue Comereis y bibereis todas comidas que fueren de vostro gusto y yo hare la dieta pro V. m. y desto os de veu aseguirar sobre de mi yo he sanado mun hos que tenian magores heridas que la Vostra That is to say Lord Cavalleere Monsieur the Duke of Savoy hath commanded me to come dresse thy wound I sweare to thee by God that before eight dayes I will make thee mount on horsebacke with thy Lance in thy hand provided that no man may touch thee but my selfe thou shalt eate and drinke any thing thou hast a minde to I will performe thy diet for thee and of this thou maist be assured upon my promise I have cured divers who have had greater wounds than thine and the Lord replyed God give you the grace to doe it He demanded of the sayd Lord a shirt and tore it in little ragges which hee put a crosse muttering and murmuring certaine words over the wound and having drest him permitted him to eate and drinke what he would telling him hee would observe a dyet for him which he did eating but six prunes and sixe bits of bread at a meale and drinking but beere Notwithstanding two dayes after the sayd Lord of Martigues dyed and my Spaniard seeing of him in the agony eclipst himselfe and got away without bidding farewell to any body and I beleeve if he had beene taken he had bin hang'd for his false promises which he had made to Monsieur the Duke of Savoy and to divers other gentlemen He dyed about tenne of the clocke in the morning and after dinner the sayd Lord of Savoy sent Physitions and Chirurgions and his Apothecary with a great quantity of Drogues to embalme him they came accompanied with divers gentlemen and Captaines of the Army The Emperors Chirurgion came neere to me and prayed me kindly to open the body which I refused telling him I was not worthy to carry his plaster boxe after him he prayed me againe which then I did for his sake if it so liked him I would yet againe have excused my selfe that seeing he was not willing to embalme him that he would give this charge to another Chirurgion of the company he made me yet answere that he would it should be I and if I would not doe it I might hereafter repent it knowing this his affection for feare he should not doe me any displeasure I tooke the rasor and presented it to all in particular telling them I was not well practised to doe such operations which they all refused The body being placed upon a table truely I purposed to shew them that I was an Anatomist declaring to them diverse things which should be heere too long to recite I began to tell all the company that I was sure the bullet had broken two ribs and that it had past through the Lungs and that they should finde the wound much enlarged because they are in perpetuall motion sleeping or waking and by this motion the wound was the more dilacerated Also that there was great quantity of blood spilt in the capacity of the brest and upon the midriffe and splinters of the broken ribbes which were beaten in at the entrance of the bullet and the issuing forth of it had carried out Indeed all which I had told them was found true in the dead body One of the Physitions asked me which way the blood might passe to be cast out by Vrine being contained in the Thorax I answeared him that there was a manifest conduit which is the Vena Aâ—ygos who having nourisht the ribbes the rest
persons 17. Wherefore some are hereditary 886. supernaturall 989. Monstrous accidents in them 996 Dislocations their kinds and manner 593. their differences 594. Causes ib. Signes 595. Prognosticks 595. The generall cure 564. 597. Symptomes that may be fall a dislocated member 634 Dislocation of the jaw 600. The cure ibid. 601. Of the Collar-bone 601. Of the spine 602. Of the head 603. Of the necke 603. Of the Rumpe 607. Of the Ribs ibid. Of the shoulder 608. Of the Elbow 619. Of the Styliformis processus 621. Of the wrest 622. Of the After-wrest 623. Of the Fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlebone 630. Of the knee forwards 631. Of the greater and lesse Focile 631. 632. Of the heele 632. Of the Pasterne or Anckle bone 633. Of the instep and backe of the foote 633. Of the toes 634 Dismembring see Amputation Distemperature and the diver sity thereof 41 Distillation and the kinds thereof 1093. Fornaces the vessells therefore 1094. What to be considered therein 1095. How to prepare the materialls therefore 1098 How to distill waters 1099. How aqua vita 1100. How to rectifie them 1101. To distill in the Sun ibid. By filtring 1102. Of Oyles 1103. Of Spirits 1105. Of Oyles out of Gummes 1107. Of Oyle of Vitrioll 1108 Docillity of Beasts 69 Dogs their love to their masters 61. Their docillitie 69. Why they become mad sooner than other creatures 785. How their bites may be knowne 786. Prognosticks 787. The cure of such as are bitten by them 788 Dorycnium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 805 Doves free from adultery 62 Draco marinus the Sea Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptomes cure 801 Dracunculus what 315. The cure 316 Dragons their craft 68 Dreames of the sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and malancholicke persons 17 18. Not to be neglected 36 Dropsie what 299. The differences Symptomes and causes ibid. Signes and prognosticks 300. The cure 301. Following upon a Tumor of the mesentery 930 Dugges their substance magnitude c. 137 What to be done to them to dry up milke 918 Duodemum the magnitude c. 105 Dura mater what 164. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 373. Remedies for the inflammation and the Apostumation thereof 374. Why it easily endures acride medicines 375 E Eares their parts and composure 189. Their wounds and cure 386. To supply their defects 875. Their ulcers 479. Their stopping and things falling into them how helped 655 Eares of the heart 145 Eare wax for what use it serves 190 Earth a cold and dry element 6 Earthquakes their cause 415 Ecchymosis what and how cured 343 Echo the cause thereof 190 Effects of Phlegme 14. Of choler and melancholy 15 Ejaculatorie vessells in men 121. In women 127 Elbow the dislocation thereof 619. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 619. To the inside 621. Why most subject to anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principall qualities 6. What those of generation are 7. What these of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 415 Elephants their strength piety c. 62 63. Where bred and their qualities 1019 Embalming the dead 1130. The manner how 1131 Embrion when it takes that name 893 Embrocation what how performed 1063 Emollient and resolving medicines 275 278 Emplasters what their differences 1058. Signes they are perfectly boyled 1059. Their use 1061. Cautions in their application 269 270 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 1060 De gratia Dei ibid. De Betonica sive de Ianua ibid. Oxycrocium 1061. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmacum seâ—â—igrum ibid. Diapalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupturam ib. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De minio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 298. The cure thereof 299 Emptinesse 37 Emulgens Arteria 114. Vena 116 Enarthrosis a kind of articulation 242 Enterocele a kind of Rupture 304 Ephemera febris 260. The causes and signes thereef ibid. The cure 262 Epidermis 88 Epidydimis 119 EpigastriuÌ„ what 87. The containing parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 117 Epiglottis what 195 Epiploon what 101 Epiplois vena 113 Epiplocele 304 Epithemes to strengthen the principall parts 845. Their composition and use 1064 Epomis musculus 216 Epulis what the symptomes and cure 292 Epuloticke or skinning medicines their kinds and use 1045 Errhines their differences discription and use 1068 Erysipelas what 262. What tumors referred thereto 253 The differences thereof 262. Prognosticks 267. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 119 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 856. Medicines causing it 1047 Escharoticks 1047. Why used to spreading Vlcers 401 Estrich betweene a bird and a beast 1014. The sceleton of one 1015 Evacuation and the kinds thereof 37. What to be observed therein 38 Eunnches assimulated to women 27 Excrements of the first second and third concoction what 898 Exercise the use and best time for it 34. The quality thereof 35 Exomphalos or standing forth of the navill 303 Epostosis in Lue venerea 746 Experience without reason of what account 45 Eye-browes 181 Eyelids 181. To stay them being too laxe 641. To open them fastned together 643. To helpe their itching 644 Eyes their site and quicknesse 181. Figure composure c 182. Their muscles coates humors 182 183 184. their wounds 379. to hide the losse or defect of them 669 their ulcers 476. their cure 477. their affects 641 642 c. their inflammation 645 F. FAce a discloser of affections and passions 40. the wounds thereof 378. How to helpe the rednesse thereof 1080 Faculties what 21. their division 22 Falling downe of the Fundament the causes and cure thereof 313 Fat the substance and cause c. thereof 90. 91. Why not generated under the skull 377. How to be distinguished from the Braine ibid. the cure thereof being wounded 398 Fauces what 194 Faulcon her sight with the Herne 70 Faults of conformation must be speedily helped 904. Of the first concoction not helped in the after 707 Feare and the effects thereof 39 Feaver sometimes a symptome otherwhiles a disease Feavers accompanying Phlegmons and their cure 260. Happening upon Erysipelous tumors 165. Vpon Oedematous tumors 275. Vpon Schirrous tumors 284. The cure of bastard intermitting Feavers 286 Feet and their bones 233. Their twofold use 236 Feirce Clare a fish 803 Females of what seede generated 888 Fibra auris what 189 Fibula 231 Figures in Anatomy and first of the forepart of man 86. Of the backparts 87. Of the lower belly and parts thereof 100 102 107 114 122. Of the stomacke 104. Of the vessells of seede and Vrine 118. Of the Bladder and Yard 124. Of the wombe 127. Of some parts in women different from those of men 131. Of the hollow veine 149. Of the Arteries 154. Of the rough Artery or weazon 157. First and and second of the braine 164. Third of the Cerebellum 167. Fourth and fifth of the braine 169. The sixth of the braine 170. Seaventh shewing
701. Signes that iâ— flowes from the Braine or Liver ibid. How to know this or that humor accompanying the Gouty malignitie 702. Prognostickes ibid. The generall method to prevent and cure it 704. Vomiting sometimes good 705. other generall remedies 706. Diet convenient 707. What wine not good 708. How to strengthen the joynts ibid. The palliative cure thereof 709. Locall medicines in a cold Gout 710. In a hot or sanguine Goute 713. In a Cholericke Goute 714. What is to be done after the sit is over 717. Tophi or knots how caused ibid. The hip-goute or sciatica 719. The cure thereof 720 Gristles what 136. of the nose 186. of the Larinx 194 Groines their wounds 399. Their Tumors see Bubo's Guajacum The choise faculties and parts 728. The preparation of the decoction thereof 729. The use 730 Gullet and the History thereof 157. The wounds thereof 387 Gums overgrowne with flesh how to be helped 293 Guns who their inventer 406. Their force 407. The cause of their reports 415 Gunpouder not poysonous 409. 412. How made 412 Gutta rosacea what 1080. The cure 1081 Guts their substance figure and number 105 Their site and connexion 106. Action 107. How to be taken forth 115. Signes that they are wounded 396. Their cure 397. Their Vlcers 480 H. HAemorrhoides what their differences and cure 487. In the necke of the wombe 955 Haemorrhoidalis interna 112. Externa 117 Haemorrhoidalisarteria â—ive mesenteâ—ica inferior 115 Haemorrhouâ— a Serpent his bite the signes und cure 791 Haijt a strange beast 1022 Haire what the originall and use 160. How to make it blacke 1081. 1082. How to take it off 1082 Hairy sealpe the connexion and use 160. The wounds thereof not to bee neglected ibid. The cure thereof being contused 361 Hand taken generally what 208 209. The fracture thereof with the cure 577. How to supply the defect thereof 879 881 Hares how they provide for their young 61 Hare-lips what 383. Their cure 384 Harmonia what 243 Hawkes 70 Head the generall description thereof 159. The containing and contained parts thereof 160. The musculous skin thereof ibid. Why affected when any membranous part is hurt 160. The watry Tumor thereof 289. The wounds thereof 337 338 c. The falling away of the Haire and other affects thereof 637 638 c. The dislocation thereof 603 Hearing the Organe object c. thereof 24 Heart and the History thereof 144 145. The ventricles thereof 145. Signes of the wounds thereof 388 Heate one and the same the efficient cause of all humors at the same time â—14 Three causes thereof 250 Hecticke feaver with the differences causes signes and cure 393 Hedg-hogs how they provide for their young 61 Heele and the parts thereof 234. Why a fracture thereof so dangerous ibid. The dislocation thereof 632. symptomes following upon the contusion thereof ibid. Why subject to inflammation 633 Hemicrania see Megrim Hemlocke the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 806 Henbane the poysonous quality and the cure 805 Hermaphrodites 28 and 972. Herne his sight and the Falcon. 70 Hernia and the kinds thereof 304. Humoralis 313 Herpes and the kinds thereof 264. The cure 265 Hip-gout see Sciatica Hippe the dislocation thereof 623. prognostickes 624. signes that it is dislocated out-wardly or inwardly 625. dislocated forwards 626. backwards ibid. how to restore the inward dislocation 627. the outward dislocation 629. the forward dislocation ibid. the backward dislocation 630 Hippocrates his effigies 1115 Hoga a monstrous fish 1008 Holes of the inner Basis of the scull 174. of the externall Basis thereof 175. small ones sometimes remain after the cure of great wounds 384 Holy-bone his number of Vertebrae and their use 198. the fracture thereof 575 Hordeolum an affect of the Eye-lids 642 Hornes used in stead of Ventoses 696 Horse-leaches their application and use ibid. their virulency and the cure 800 Hot-houses how made 1077 Hulpalis a monstrous beast 1017 Humeraria arteria 153 Vena 210 Humours their temperaments 11. the knowledge of them necessary ibid. their definition and division 12. Serous and secundary as Ros Cambium Gluten 15. An argument of their great putrefaction 417 Humours of the eye 182 Aqueus 183 Crystallinus 184 Vitreus ibid. Hydatis 643 Hydrargyrum the choice preparation and use thereof in the Lues venerea 731 Hydrophalia whether uncureable 787 What cure must be used therein 789 Hydrocephalos what 289. The causes differences signes c. ibid. The cure 290 Hydrocele 304. 311 Hymen 130 Whether any or no 937 A history thereof 938 Hyoides os the reason of the name composure site c. thereof 191 Hypochondria their site 85 Hypochyma 651 Hypogastricae venae 117 Hypopyon 650 Hypothenar 222 I. JAundice a medicine therefore 303 Jaw the bones thereof and their productions 178 The fracture of the lower jaw 567 How to helpeit 568 The dislocation thereof 600 The cure ibid. Ibis abird the inventer of glysters 56 Ichneumon how hee armes himselfe to assaile the Crocodile 66 Idlenesse the discommodities thereof 35 Jejunum intestinum 105 Ileon 106 Iliaca arteria 115 Vena 117 Ilium os 227 Ill conformation 41 Imagination and the force thereof 897 Impostors their impudency and craft 51 372 Impostume what their causes and differences 249 Signes of them in generall 250 Prognostickes 252 What considerable in opening of them 259 Inanition see Emptinesse Incus 163. 191 Indication whence to be drawne 5. of feeding 33. what 42. the kindes 43. a table of them 48. observable in wounds by gun-shot 426 Infant what he must take before he sucke 907 their crying what it doth 912. how to be preserved in the wombe when the mother is dead 923. See Childe Inflammation of the almonds of the throat and their cure 293. 294. of the Uvula 294. of the eyes 645 Inflammation hinders the reposition or putting dislocated members into joint 619 Insessus what their manner matter and use 1073 Instruments used in Surgery for opening abscesses 258. 259 A vent for the wombe 283. 955 An iron plate and actuall cautery for the cure of the Ranula 293 Constrictory rings to bind the Columella 295 Speculum oris ibid. 332 A trunke with cautery to cauterize the Uvula 296 An incision knife 298 An actuall cautery with the plate for the cure of the Empyema 299. of a pipe to evacuate the water in the Dropsie 303. Wherewith to make the golden ligature 310. to stitch up wounds 327 A Razour or incision knife 341. A chisel ib. Radulae vel Scalpri 343. A threefooted levatory 344. Other levatories 345. 346. Sawes to divide the skull ib. a desquamatory Trepan 346. Rostra psittaci 347. Scrapers pincers and a leaden mallet ib. A piercer to enter a Trepan 365. Trepans 366. 367. Terebellum 367. A lentill-like Scraper ib. cutting compasses 368. 369. A conduit pipe syrenge 370. to depresse the dura Meninx 1373. speculum oculi 379. for making a Seton 382. Pipes used in wounds of the chest 392. to draw out bullets
Martigues where I prayd him that he would take order that I might remaine neare him to dresse him which he agreed to most willingly and had as much desire I should remaine with him as I my selfe Soone after the Commissioners who had charge to elect the prisoners entred into the Castle the seaventeenth day of Iuly one thousand five hundred fifty three where they made Messieurs the Duke of Boüillon the Marquesse of Villars the Baron of Culan Monsieur du Pont commissary of the Artillery and Monsieur de Martigues and I to be taken through the request that he made to them and all other Gentlemen which they could perceive were able to pay any ransome and the most part of the Souldiers and the cheefe of the Companies having such and so many prisoners as they would Afterward the Spanish Souldiers entred by the Breach without any resistance for ours esteemed they would hold their faith and composition that they should have their lives saved They entred in with a great fury to kill pillage and rifle all they retained some hoping to have ransome they tyed their stones with Arquebuse cords which was cast over a Pike which two held upon their shoulders then pulled the said cord with a great violence and derision as if they would ring a Bell telling them that they must put themselves to the ransome and tell of what houses they were and if they saw they could have no profit made them cruelly dye betweene their hands or presently after their genitall parts would have â—alne into a Gangreene and totall mortification but they kild them all with their Daggers and cut their throats See now their great cruelty and persidiousnesse let him trust to it that will Now to returne to my purpose being lead from the Castle to the Citty with Monsieur de Martigues there was a Gentleman of the Duke of Savoyes who asked mee if Monsieur de Martigues wound was curable I answered not who presently went and told the Duke of Savoy now I thought he would send Physitions and Chirurgions to visit and dresse my said Monsieur de Martigues in the meane time I thought with my selfe whether I ought to make it nice and not to acknowledge my selfe a Chirurgion for feare least they should retaine mee to dresse their wounded and in the end they would know I was the Kings Chirurgion and that they would make me pay a great ransome On the other side I feared if I should not make my selfe knowne to bee a Chirurgion and to have carefully dressed Monsieur de Martigues they would cut my throate so that I tooke a resolution to make it appeare to them he would not dye for want of good dressing and looking to Soone after see their arrives divers gentlemen accompanied with the Physition and Chirurgion to the Emperour and those of the said Duke of Savoy with sixe other Chirurgions following the Army to see the hurt of the said Lord of Martigues and to know of mee how I had dressed him and with what medicines The Emperours Physition bid me declare the essence of the wound and how I had drest it Now all the assistance had a very attentive eare to know if the wound were mortall or not I began to make a discourse that Monsieur de Martigues looking over the wall to perceive them that did undermine it received a shot from an Arquebuse quite through the body presently I was called to dresse him I saw hee cast blood out of his mouth and his wounds Moreover he had a great difficultie of breathing and cast out winde by the said wounds with a whistling in so much that it would blow out a Candle and he said he had a most sharpe pricking paine at the entrance of the Bullet I doe beleeve and thinke it might bee some little peeces of bones which prickt the Lungs When they made their Systole and Diastole I put my finger into him where I found the entrance of the Bullet to have broken the fourth Rib in the middle and scales of bones which the said Bullet had thrust in and the outgoing of it had likewise broken the fift Rib with peeces of bones which had beene driven from within outward I drew out some but not all because they were very deepe and adherent I put in each wound a Tent having the head very large tyed with a thread least by the inspiration it might bee drawne into the capacity of the Thorax which hath beene knowne by experience to the detriment of the poore wounded for being fallen in it cannot be taken out which is the cause that engenders putrifaction a thing contrary to nature The said Tents were annointed with a medicine compos'd of yolks of Egges Venice Turpentine with a little oyle of Roses My intention for putting the Tents was to stay the flux of blood and to hinder that the outward ayre did not enter into the breast which might have cooled the Lungs and by consequent the heart The said Tents were also put to the end that issue might bee given for the blood that was spilt within the Thorax I put upon the wound great Emplasters of Diacalcitheos in which I had relented oyle of Roses and Vinigar to the avoyding of inflammation then I put great stupes of Oxycrate and bound him up but not hard to the end he might have easie respiration that done I drew from him five porrengers of blood from the Basilicke veine of the right arme to the end to make revulsion of the blood which runs from the wounds into the Thorax having first taken indication from the wounded part and cheefely his forces considering his youth and his sanguine temper Hee presently after went to stoole and by his urine and seege cast great quantity of blood And as for the paine which he said he felt at the entrance of the Bullet which was as if he had beene pricked with a bodkin that was because the Lungs by their motion beate against the splinters of the broken Rib. Now the Lungs are covered with a coate comming from the membrane called Pleura interweaved with nerves of the sixt conjugation from the braine which was cause of the extreame paine he felt likewise he he had a great difficultie of breathing which proceeded from the blood which was spilt in the capacitie of the Thorax and upon the Diaphragme the principall instrument of respiration and from the dilaceration of the muscles which are betweene each Rib which helpe also to make the expiration and the inspiration and likewise because the Lungs were torne and wounded by the Bullet which hath caused him ever since to spit blacke and putrid blood in coughing The Feaver seazed him soone after he was hurt with faintings and swoonings It seemed to mee that the said feaver proceeded from the putredinous vapours arising from the blood which is out of his proper vessells which hath fallen downe and will yet flow downe The wound of the Lungs is growne great and will grow