Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	right_a	vein_n	ventricle_n	3,268	5	13.1569	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A41730	De succo pancreatico, or, A physical and anatomical treatise of the nature and office of the pancreatick juice shewing its generation in the body, what diseases arise by its vitiation : from whence in particular, by plain and familiar examples, is accurately demonstrated, the causes and cures of agues, or intermitting feavers, hitherto so difficult and uncertain, with sundry other things of worthy note / written by D. Reg. de Graaf ... ; and translated by Christopher Pack ...; Tractatus anatomico-medicus de succi pancreatici natura & usu. English	Graaf, Reinier de, 1641-1673.; Packe, Christopher, fl. 1670-1711.	1676 (1676)	Wing G1463; ESTC R17762	82,340	198

Membrane Their Substances differ not only among themselves by way of Connexion as they are Conglobated and Conglomerated but also in the peculiar Vessels for the Conglobated are given to the Lymphatick Vessels which towards and at the Common Ductus Thoracicus or the Superior Folding thereof especially Conspicuous in Dogs drive out a Liquor prepared in themselves or received from another But the Conglomerated dispose their Liquour into peculiar Cavities as the Salivales into the Mouth the Pancreas into the Duodenum and so of others That the Motion of the Lympha is such as we have even now asserted and not from the Centre to the Circumference is proved by the Values in the Lymphatick Vessels every-where existing as may be seen in a little Treatise concerning the Values of the Lymphatick Vessels by the most Famous and our entire Friend Dr. Raysch Anatomyst of Amsterdam Printed Anno 1665. by whose Indefatigable Dilligence at the same time was discovered that Vessel which he calleth the Bronchial Artery by reason that it accompanyeth the Widenings of the Branches of the sharp Artery through the whole Substance of the Lungs as may be seen by the Figure thereof inserted into his little Book aforementioned and worthily Communicated to us Seeing that the Duct's and also the Substances of the Glandules are diverse it is worthy our enquiry Whether the Humour observed in all the Glandules be of the same or a different Quality But we shall answer That the same or like Humour is separated in all the Glandules of a diverse Species for one Liquor is deposed in the Conglobated and another in the Conglomerated For that which is separated in the Conglobated is all of the same Nature which is proved not only by the Substance of the same Glandules every where Consimilar but also by the wayes by which they are all distburdened for as much as further appears to us ending in the Ductus Thoracicus Moreover it is further Demonstrable by the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules ordinarily found more Saltish and less Acid in them than in the Conglomerated Glandules of the Pancreas nevertheless more of Acidity and Salsitude than that of the Conglomerated Salivales From whence it is manifest that a Liquor is separated from the Conglomerated Glandules of the Salivales and Pancreas not alike in all its Qualities as we have asserted even now to be done in the Conglobated in which matter that we might be more certain at the same time and to the same Animal we applyed the Instrument depicted Tab. II. Fig. II. both to the Ductus Pancreaticus and to the upper Salivary Duct as is exhibited Tab. III. Fig. II. But we found a notable diversity of the aforesaid Liquors For the Salival is either Temperate or Insipid but the Succus Pancreaticus is acidly Salt or such like for the most part as we have described it in the former Chapter Seeing there is a diverse Juice of diverse Glandules it deserves our enquiry What use every one may have and whether it be prositable or unnecessary That is Whether it bringeth any Commodity to the Body Or Whether it be such as is in no wise Subservient to the Oeconomy of the Humane Fabrick It will not be hard to satisfie this difficulty especially if we make a more exact Scrutiny into the Motion of those Liquors for seeing that all the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules is inserted into the Ductus Thoracicus and there permixed with the Chyle the chief part of Aliments and with the same may proceed and be purged into the Jugular Veine or left Subclavian Vessel from whence being confused with the descending Blood necessarily passeth through the right Ear of the Heart into its right Ventricle We do not see by what name it may be called Excrementitious and unprofitable because the Excrementitious Humours are separated from the Blood so that according to the Order of Nature they may not any more be commixed therewith but are wholly separated from the Body which is clearly seen in the Urine the which being separated from the masse of Blood in the Reines and thence deduced through the Ureters into the Bladder from whence after some stay according to the Dictate of the Will by the Urinary passage it is excluded from the Body so that it can never again return So the Juice of the Conglomerated Glandules is effused through particular Ducts into divers Cavities of the Body where it may be mingled with other Humours necessary for Nourishment and is least of all to be esteemed for Excrementitious or Unprofitable Which that it may likewise be made known in like manner as we have prosecuted the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules so also we shall follow that of the Conglomerated flowing from the Salivales and the Pancreas The Spittle is separated from the Blood in the Maxillary Glandules as well the Superiour as the Inferiour and is carryed by the said Salival Ducts into the Cavity of the Mouth where it may be mixed with the assumed Aliment or out of the time of the Aliments Assumption is continually swallowed the which we never better consider than whilst we hold somthing in our Mouth the which because of the cleanness of the place in which we are we will not spit out neither dare we swallow it down for the Mouth is very quickly fill'd with Spittle Therefore the Spittle although without our knowledge is continually swallowed and mingled and confused in the stomack with the Aliment which truly would be very indecent if the same were unprofitable and excrementitious The Pancreatick Juice is e●●used in the glandules of the pancreas after the same manner as the Spittle in the salivales being continually separated in a Man about the breadth of four fingers under the Pylorus into the intestinum duodenum and there is mixed with the Aliments already passed the fermentation of the stomack and with the same is driven downwards by the peristaltick motion of the Gutts in which propulsion the greatest part thereof together with the more pure and liquid part of the Aliment is carried to the venae Lacteae and thence to the Cistern from thence it penetrates through the Ductus Thoracicus to the subclavian Vein and so forward to the right Ventricle of the Heart which indeed would happen against reason if the said humours were Excrementitious and unprofitable to the oeconomy of the body of Man To this Opinion besides Sylvius agrees Godofridus Moebius who in his Physiological foundations of Medicine c. 12. concerning the use of the Intestines thus speaketh But this Juice namely the Pancreatick seeing that it may be admixed with the Chyle together with the Bile in the Duodenum without all doubt it further helps and promotes its Fermentation For if the pure purged Excrement should be of no use Nature would have derived that Channel to the lower Intestines wherein hard and unprofitable Excrements are lodged not to the Superiour where the Chyle begun in the Stomach ought to be perfected

he declares that Aqua Mulsa or Hydromel or if to cleanse more powerfully with the Decoction or bitter Juice before-mentioned of Worm-Wood Centaury or Lupines that may be effected adding Honey or Gall which above all other things as hath been often said doth make those things which are Viscous Fluid c. But the Succus Pancreaticus being pregnant with a Subacid Spirit as appeareth by the Precedent Reasons and Experiments doth in like manner augment the Viscidity of the Aliments by the Solution of their Fluidity the which being so as it is more than sufficiently known we will not delay time by further proofs concerning the Manner wherby Acids in the thin Gut do return to a Liquid and Fluxile Motion or other-wise to an Ine●t and Pituitous Viscidity we shall only say that in our Judgement it so happeneth for as much as by the Tenuity and Sharpness of the Parts stirred up by the Effervescency the Phlegme is thereby as with Swords incided and attenuated into very Minute Parts That which attaineth a Whitish Colour then observable in the more Fluid part of the Aliments we think it deducible from the Acidity of the Pancreatick Juice because we may note that many other things abounding with a Lixivious Salt and Oyle do wax White upon the affusion of Acids So that Vinegar or Sharp Wine being poured upon common Sulpher dissolved with any Lixivium and grown Red that Reddish Colour is so changed that it is made almost like to Milk Wherefore also it is called by the Chymists Lac Sulphuris The same is apparent in the Resinious Extracts of Vegitables as also in Spirit of Hart's Horne or Soot being Replete with much Volatile Salt with which an Acid Spirit being mixed acquires a Milky Colour All those things being rightly considered we judge Secondly That the Effervescency in the thin Gut is exceeding necessary for the right Separation of the profitable Parts from the unprofitable But perhaps some who are altogether wedded to Antiquity admitting nothing which to them is Novel because they have read or understood nothing in the Antients concerning this our expected Secretion by Fermentation will not think that such a preparation is required to separate the profitable parts of the Aliment from the unprofitable but that the alteration which is performed in the Stomach is sufficient to this purpose in which if any thing be wanting it may be Consummated by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts by the help whereof it s more Fluid parts are thrust forward into the Milky Veines the Foeces with the remaining thicker and lesser profitable parts passing away by the Channel of the Intestines To the which we deny not but that something is contributed to this matter both by the said Fermentation and the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts nevertheless we do not think that any Physitian unless a Slave to the Antients amongst all those things which are daily observed in the dissecting of Brute Animals and Medical Practiss or at least-wise may be observed will reject this cause proposed by us If first of all he diligently consider that in the Coeliack Flux the Aliments sometimes viscid like a Pultiss and every where alike and sometimes mixed with a whitish Liquor are purged out But this Diversity of Colour happens by a Contingent or Non-contingent Secretion of profitable parts from the unprofitable by the said Effervescency which who can but in vain Attribute to expression alone Yet we deny not that by the Fermentation of Aliments alone rightly performed in the Ventricle something Fluid may Spontaneously pass away from the rest of the Aliments more Pultatious nevertheless that is but little if it be compared with the large quantity of noble Chyle which is continually strained through the Venae-lacteae or also from thence swimming up in the Caeliack Flux so that then the more watery part of the Chyle freely going forth by the Compression of the Bowels alone is more without Effervescency than the other which is more white or as we may say more Milky In that Spontaneous Separation of the parts wont to happen through Fermentation the Spirituous indeed first go forth with the Watery necessary for the Reparation of the Animal spirits We have an example in the Fermentation of Plants other things abounding with a Volatile Spirit in which the Spirituous Particles alwayes expanded and endeavouring to flee through the Pores of the Stomach and Guts being loosed from their Fetters rush through the Pores From whence we are fully perswaded that after the Assumption of the most Spirituous Aliments a suddain strength is found in men and although it be Inconspicuous to our Bodily Eyes that the Spirits by the same reason are diffused through the Pores of the Body nevertheless after a manner we understand it with the Eyes of our Mind whilst we see a Stupendious Vertue in some Medicaments externally applyed The same thing is often observed by Anatomists when after the Incision of the Peritonaeum they receive the Foetid Flatulencies passing through the Tunicles of the Guts to the Nostrils But because the Spirituous and Volatile parts are not sufficient to sustain Life but Moreover Acid Oleous and Salt parts are also required therefore there is need of a new Alteration of things assumed that those parts by a decent Copiousness might be separated from the Superfluous and Unprofitable Which alteration we call Effervescency and by help of which we judge with our sometimes Famous Professor Francis de le Boe-Sylvius from whose Lectures as well publick as private we do not deny to have drawn many Fundamentals of this Doctrine that Secretion to be accomplished We do not only judge by that Effervescency mediateing the more Subtile and Fluid parts of Aliments but also the Pituity by the help thereof dissolved in the thin Gut part of which is carryed together with the better Portion of the Bile and Succus Pancreaticus through the Vermiculous crust of the Intestines into the Milky Veines from hence to the Cisterne or Common Receptacle of the Chyle and Lympha placed in the Region of the Loynes under the Appendices of the Diaphragma and from thence ascends through the Chyliferus or more rightly the Lymphatick Ductus Thoracicus because it continually carryeth the Lympha and the Chyle only by Intervals to the Subclavian or left Jugular Veine that from thence it may descend with the Blood through the Superiour Trunck of the Vena Cava descending into the right Eare of the Heart and the right Ventricle thereof And in the right Ear and right Ventricle of the Heart it is confused both with the ascending and descending Blood and also impregnated with the Pancreatick Juice the Bile Phlegme and Lympha from whence it acquires a requisite Consistency of Blood This confirms what we have said That any thing acid Coagulates all Fatness and Oyle But because on the other side the aforesaid humours have in themselves a force of attempering we need not fear too great a Consistency of the Blood

they call Stuypiens doth proceed from the said more Acid Pancreatick Juyce who hath accurately attended to those Invasions and the Symptomes accompanying them and the way of Cure For besides that Acidity which doth very often breath through the Mouth they suffer the Gripings of the Belly the Milk may likewise be perceived to be concreted both upwards and downwards the Excrements of the belly are more Green and give forth a sharp Odour they are also cured by the tempering of Acidity as for Example with Aqua Feniculi Aqua Lilliorū Conuallium Spir. Salis Armoniaci c. The same more Acid Pancratick Juyce carryed to the blood through the Lactean Veines will give it a greater Consistency whence the Blood less Rarifying will produce a lesser Pulse From which Vice highly exceeding we judge a Syncope sometimes to be produced which is not a little confirmed by that Example which Lazarus Riverius relates in Lib. VIII Fol. 358. of his Practice concerning that Syncope which P. Salius as he reports Lib. De Afect Practic Cap. IV. observed in a Girle of 14 Years of Age Who after a dayes suffering of Heaviness of the Head Vertigo and grievous Anxieties the day following suddainly dyed Afterwards her Body being diffected the whole blood in the great Artery and the Vena Cava appeared to be Concreted and so changed that it might intirely be drawn out from the Vein and Artery even as a Sword out of its Scabbard Concerning which thing if any doubt either by ours or others Examples let him take an acid Liquor and pour it by degrees into the Vein of any Living Dog and he shall not only observe the Blood therein to be so Coagulated and Concreted that the greater bloody Vessels may be transversly cut without the Effusion of the blood but also when the acid Liquor shall come in a notable Quantity to the right Ventricle of the Heart that it will presently extinguish and kill the Dog Also no man will deny that Convulsions for the most part proceed from an Internal Cause from the Acrimony of Humours irritating the Nerves and causing by a greater Influx of the animal Spirits into the Muscles Involuntary and also Violent Motions But when there is a two fold Acrimony of Humours viz. Acid and Salt some perhaps may doubt which of these do most frequently produce those Convulsive Motions But for as much as we can observe they rather proceed from an acid Acrimony than a Salt because we see that Aromatick Medicaments and those abounding with a Volatile Salt do very much conduce to their Cure which would never come to pass if they drew their Original from a Saline Acrimony Besides they are accompanyed with such Symptomes which are wont to be the Concomitants of Diseases arising from an acid Acrimony Yea the Effects of Acids are allowed to be far more powerful as is to be seen in Helmont De Lithiasi Cap. 9. Pag. 725. § 71. where he relates that he saw a Chymist which after he had been much Conversant about making of Aqua Regia he fell into the Palpitation of the Heart Convulsions and many other Incredible Dolours by reason of the acid Exhalations which mingled themselves with his Blood From the same Acidity we stedfastly believe That the Strangury is very often produced seeing that together with other Students we have sometimes found the Urines of such as have laboured under the Strangury in the Hospital of Leyden to be Acid and also seen the same Persons cured with such Medicines as temper Acidity The which if you are minded to try saith Helmont De Pleura Furente § 14. Whether or no the Strangury may not proceed from Acidity mix some Drops at least of sharp Wine with the Vrine lately sent forth without pain and inject it again by a Syringe and you shall find to your Pain that what I say is true Also that from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce Ulcers do sometimes break forth in the Skin corroding the same as also producing very great paines they will not deny who following the Opinions of the Antients determine them to arise from the Atra-Bilis seeing that the Atra-Bilis of the Antients as we have above Demonstrated hath its Original from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce We are like-wise plainly perswaded that the more acid Pancreatick Juyce especially if it hath any Austerity conjoyned with it produceth a greater astringency of the Belly For if the Bile by its Acrimony irritating the Guts as is granted may excite the Flux of the Belly why may not that which is contrary to such a Bile produce a contrary Effect Notwithstanding if the belly be bound by a Viscid Matter then we think likewise that a Flux may happen from the sharper Pancreatick Juyce as it hath a power of inciding and attenuating the Viscid Pituity From which it is manifest that the Pancreatick Juyce according to the Diversity of Humours concurring with it doth very often produce a diverse and contrary Effect which thing we would have well noted lest we should seem to contradict our self in explicating the Effects of this juyce As yet we think even as we seem to have already said that the Atra and Eruginous Bile is excited from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce and a certain sharp Bile concurring and consequently all Diseases which Authors deduce from them and therefore they are not cured by other Medicaments than those which are fit to correct the more acid Pancreatick Juyce Which as it is Consonant with Reason so it will not appear Incredible to those who will consider the things above spoken by us with a more attentive Mind But perhaps some will say after what manner doth the Pancreatick Juyce produce the Atra-Bilis seeing that we have ascribed the Whitishness of the Chyle after the Effervescency in the thin Gut to the acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce To which we answer That Acids according to the Diversity of the matter where-with they are mixed do also produce a divers Colour for example pour an acid Spirit to common Sulphur dissolved in a Lixivium and its red Colour will be changed into white Antimony Calcind with Nitre or Chalk being boyl'd in Fountain-Water and any acid thing being affused to its clear Colature will presently acquire a Saffron Colour A clear Infusion of Galls mixed with the Solution of Vitriol maketh Ink to which if you add the acid Spirit of Vitriol that Ink will lose all its blackness and become clear like to Fountain-Water The Blew Tincture of Violets being mixed with Oyle of Vitriol will wax into a Purple The Wood Acanthus brought from Brasile being infused in Common Water doth freely yeild a red Tincture which put to Distilled Vinegar acquires a Colour like to White-Wine A Knife after it hath cut a Pomecitron in the Middle unless it be wiped and cleansed from the Soure Juyce of the Citron in a short time will be reduced to a nigrous Colour And why from the same acidity too much exalted

Therefore least we consume our own and the Readers time by writing more things obvious as well in the Books of the Ancients as in the Moderns we shall willingly pass them by Seeing that the cause of all intermitting Feavours seemes to us to be contained in the pancreas alone The reason of this Opinion is this that having considered the parts of the whole Body of man which by intervals only may transmit the Cause of these Feavers to the heart none can be found in the whole body to which not only the Focus of intermitting Feavers but also the causes of all their symptomes may be imputed besides the Pancreas But some perhaps may say that heat thirst ulcers breaking forth in the lips of the Feaverish bitter Vomitings Cholerick Excrements and other symtomes wont to accompany tertain Feavers do declare the bile to be primarily offended wherefore the Cause of all intermitting Feavers ought not to be ascribed to the pancreas alone But truly this objection will fall of its own accord those things being known which we shall speak of in the following Discourse concerning the Reasons of divers Symptomes for we know that in tertians the bile is very often predominant but it is to be noted that its abundance doth not cause an intermitting Feaver because that is perceived after it hath excited a vitious Effervesency by intervals with the pancreatick Juice in which if the bile gets Dominion the signs thereof even now declared do somtimes manifest themselves but because this Effervescency proceeds from the pancreatick Juice preternaturally disposed that Feaver is not ascribed to the Bile but to the Pancreatick Juyce as by the Sequel shall more plainly appear We judge the cause of Intermitting Feavers to be an Obstruction made in one or more of the Lateral Ducts because of Pituity carryed thither in too large a quantity and there detained VVhich thing seems to us to happen for the following Reason to wit For as much as the Pituity of the thin Guts especially that sticking to the sides lest they should be hurt by the abounding Humours being in too great a quantity by reason of the immoderate Exercises of the Body and perhaps by an over-much use of hot Aliments or by some Error committed in the six Non-Naturals is dissolved and with other Humours carryed to the Heart by the Milky Veines From whence by the Order of Circulation this Phlegmatick Matter together with the rest of the Blood is driven to the Pancreas and being separated in its Glandules with the Pancreatick Juyce it enters the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas in which either by the External Cold or of that Bowel it concreteth and is Coagulated by which reason it obstructeth either one or more of the Laterall Ducts VVe think the accesses of intermitting Feavers ought to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts by reason of an Obstruction and one while sooner another while later preparing a way for it self through the Obstructing Phlegme by its Acrimony increased and not only causing a Vitious Effervescency in the small Gut but being every way carryed especially to the Heart produceth a more frequent and preternatural Pulse Which that it may more clearly appear we shall spend a little time in the unfolding thereof That Coagulation which we have mentioned to happen in the Pancreatick Juyce we have some-time observed in a Dog whose Juyce we endeavoured to collect in the Winter time which by the cold of the Ambient Air was so thickned that only a little would flow forth and of a gross Consistency untill the Dog being placed before the Fire between two Pillows began to grow hot from whence the Pancreatick Juyce did flow more Fluid and more Copiously We have observed that the Coagulation of the Pancreatick Juyce hath excited Obstructions in the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas as in the Year 1663 with the Famous Dr. Sylvius in a certain Woman labouring under an intermitting Feaver into whose Ductus Pancreaticus after Death we injected by a Syringe a very Volatile blewish Liquor which out of the great Duct into which it was cast did penetrate into most of the Lateral Ducts whilst in a few although more near to the Intestinal great Duct by reason of an Obstruction it was stopped From whence by the said Colour the Substance of the Pancreas it self was tinged in one place and not in another The Pancreatick Juyce being stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts by reason of an Obstruction by its delay becometh more sharp and at length perforating the Obstructing Phlegme prepareth it self a passage through the Obstruction into the common or middle Duct until all the detained Juyce being effused the Phlegme as yet adhereing to the sides of the Duct grows together again and by its mutual Reunion renews the Obstruction Whence at length the Pancreatick Juyce is Collected for the following Fit which again by its delay being made more sharp doth again perforate the Obstructing Pituity and produceth a new Paroxysme which Fits return alwayes at the same time as often as the Pituity causing the Obstruction doth occur in the same Quantity and Viscidity with the Pancreatick Juyce of the same Acidity and Acrimony The Pancreatick Juyce is made more sharp by Stagnation in as much as the Animal Spirits do not so straightly embrace it but leave it obstructing Hence therefore by the dissipated Spirits wont to attemper it there redounds a greater Acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce Would you have a Simillitude We will grant it New Ale included in Hogsheads Whether or no by a certain delay it doth not lose its Sweetness Consider that all Wine turns to Vinegar the Spirits being dissipated also that Vinegar it self by delay is made more sharp For every heat dissipating the Animal Spirits causeth every sharp thing to be more sharp So that it ought to seem strange to none if we say that the Pancreatick Juyce by stagnation deserteth its genuine Disposition and passeth into a more acid Acrimony But the Pancreatick Juyce being made more sharp by stagnation and effused into the thin Gut with the Flegmme and Bile stirs up a vitious Effervescency and indeed by reason of such a Pancreatick Juyce stretchings yawnings and horrors are produced and every-where a sence of Cold especially in the Region of the Loynes in which the Fit begins Neither is that first called a Feaver which either the Pancreatick Juyce it self vitiously Effervescing in the small Gut or at least Exhalations from thence arising and at length carryed to the right Ventricle of the Heart and after a certain manner irritating it to a more frequent Contraction of it self But we judge that the Pancreatick Juyce by its acid Acrimony performs this thing although nothing hinders but that something of a Saline Acrimony arising from the Bile may concur because we daily observe that Exhalations do ascend in the Effervescency between Acids and Salts which being moved to the Nose by its