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A60269 Philosophical dialogues concerning the principles of natural bodies wherein the principles of the old and new philosophy are stated, and the new demonstrated more agreeable to reason, from mechanical experiments and its usefulness to the benefit of man-kind / by W. Simpson. Simpson, W. (William), fl. 1665-1677. 1677 (1677) Wing S3835; ESTC R25204 74,642 191

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such as are Coral Crabs-Eyes Pearl fixt Salts of Herbs c. is reducible into a piercing Liquor quite of another sort than before which I have also observ'd from the acid Spirit of Verdigrease dinted or mortified by a fixt Alcali to have by further distillation been reducible into a quick penetrating Spirit not acid at all but very much emulating the Spirit of crude Tartar which will not as Acids usually do change the Syrup of Violets into a red Colour And as to what you say Hydroph that the expressed moisture in burning the Wood is of the nature of Water this very thing I say has an Empyreumatic odour which is further reducible and therefore forfeits its badge of a primary or Elementary Principle As for the remaining Ashes which you suppose to be of the nature of Earth you are mistaken for they are a great part of them separable in the form of a fixt Salt which is quite another thing than that you call Earth And further that this very Earth separable after the Calcination of the Vegetable and Elixiviation of the Salt is not Elementary will be evident from the following experimental Observation for from about 200 weight of Oak-wood first char'd and then burnt to Ashes I had but 3 pound of Ashes which by Lixiviating gave me 5 ounces of fixt Salt and about 2 pound 8 ounces of insipid Earth which very Earth I say was no more to be accounted an Elementary Principle of the aforesaid Wood than fixt Salt thence produc'd by Calcination because the like quantity of Wood being otherwise handled by Fire besides what different products would result from other Agents viz. by a naked firing without any previous charing gives a larger proportion by much of fixt Salt than the former which very fixt Salt may also by frequent Calcination Solution Filtration Evaporation or Distillation may I say be all converted into an Earth the same the Wood char'd was reducible to and Phlegm no Philosopher ever admitted fixt Alcalies such as are produc'd by Fire from a Plant amongst Elementary Principles or if any did yet was easily refutable by the aforesaid experiment so that it s hence clear beyond Ambiguity that Earth in the composition of Bodies is not an Element but a Product of the Fire as we further illustrate by other parallel experiments in our Tentamen Physiologic And lastly that the flaming of the Wood should indicate an Elementary Fire is somewhat strange For this Fire in the Wood which we reckon to be made by our fourth Complication of the Principles as aforesaid consumes or rather reduceth it into more simple Bodies which yet are most what new Products of the Fire and other twistings of the same Principles whereas an Elementary Principle should rather constitute than destroy Bodies So that none of those are at all demonstrative of the Quaternary of Elements SECT X. Hydroph WEll Pyroph but we do not suppose that all mixts are immediately reducible into the four Elements but many bodys first change into other forms by a kind of vicissitude and yet at the last are resolvable into the four Elements of which they consist Thus Herbs and other Food we take for our nourishment undergo various changes in our Bodys into Chyle Blood Flesh Bones c. and after Excretion is converted into a Stercus which at length is resolv'd into Earth Pyroph It 's true Hydroph let us imagin what Hypothesis we please yet are not concrete bodys always immediately reducible into their first constituent Principles but sometimes undergo a transposition of parts whereby they acquire a new form and so a second third and so on in a round of vicissitudes before there happen a total Analysis into its primitive Principles or through-resolution of a Concrete into its Minima But that this ultimate reduction of Concretes should always at the long run prove the four Elements is not me-thinks Hydroph demonstrable by your propounded instance of Herbs or other Aliment taken into our bodys for nourishment For that they admit of various Mutations according to the different digestions they pass through is that we cannot deny but that these should be intermediate changes of our Food before it be ultimately reduc'd into the Quaternary of Elements is that we are not to let slip unexamined And first we are to consider that towards the making of changes amongst bodys out of one form into another where there is the same material Principles substituted and only a Metastasis happens there must I say of necessity concur the super-induction of new Ferments or other sorts of extrinsic Agents as aforesaid which by macerating subjugating and altering the parts may raise up a new Structure of a different form than was before and yet that body no whit the nearer to a reduction into its Elements now than before So that what changes or alterations our Food undergoes in the several digestions of our bodys are to be ascrib'd to no other than the different Ferments it passeth through which altering the texture of the parts subverts the first and bringeth on a new form so from the form of Beef Mutton Bread Beer c. though different amongst themselves yet by the uniform operation of the Spirituous elixerated Ferment of the Blood thither in its circulation transmitted as aforesaid become altered or transmuted into a similar Chyle or Cremor which being refin'd through the strait Colanders of the Venae lacteae by which it is percolated from the dreggy Feces along the Duodenum Colon and Ilion and further purify'd in the Glandules is sent up by the Thoracical Vessels into the Jugulars where it 's let into the ascending Branch of the Vena Cava becomes dasht with blood and by coming to the Heart where by the Air in its circuit through the Lungs it 's volatiz'd and assumes the form of vital blood which being carried along the Aorta and other thence branching Arteries sublimes or distils into pure volatile Spirits for the supply of the genus Nervosum part of which mean while being carried into the whole habit of the body becomes coagulated in the fibrous parts into Sinews Flesh Bones c. according as it is determin'd and arrested by the particular assimilative Ferments of the several parts Next to which Hydroph we are to consider the humane as well as other mixt bodys during the revolution of their specifical Ferments are in a constant perspirability always I mean during the season of the vigour of their genuine Ferments a making up and as often resolving or taking in pieces viz. in a perpetual flux of constituent Elements otherwise what means the continual supply we have from daily nourishment by fresh Food For if there were not a constant flux and wasting by perspiration we need not so constant a supply by Food In as much as when we come to a full maturity of years as to the Vegetation or growth of our bodys which is from 18 or 20 till towards 30 years some sooner others later