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heart_n natural_a spirit_n vital_a 2,146 5 10.9559 5 false
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A11816 Naturall philosophy: or A description of the vvorld, and of the severall creatures therein contained viz. of angels, of mankinde, of the heavens, the starres, the planets, the foure elements, with their order, nature and government: as also of minerals, mettals, plants, and precious stones; with their colours, formes, and vertues. By Daniel Widdovves.; Rerum naturalium doctrina methodica. English. Abridgments Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583.; Widdowes, Daniel.; Scribonius, Wilhelm Adolf, fl. 1576-1583. Rerum physicarum juxta leges logicas methodica explicatio. aut; Woodhouse, John. 1631 (1631) STC 22112; ESTC S117038 44,731 82

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Minerals and Mettals BRimstone what it is the nature of it 22 Quicksilver what it is the nature of it 23 Gold what it is the nature of it ibid Where it is found ibid Silver what it is the difference betwixt gold and it 24 Brasse what it is ibid Copperasse what it is the nature of it ibid Iron the nature of it 24 Lead the nature of it 25 Tynne what it is ibid Stones whereof they are and their variety ibid Pretious stones ibid Crystall the nature of it ibid Adamant the nature of it 26 Saphyr the nature of it ibid Smaragde the nature of it ibid Sardonyx the nature of it ibid Selenites the nature of it ibid Carbuncle the nature of it ibid Calcedonian the nature of it ibid Assarites the nature of it 27 Rubie the nature of it ibid Topaz the nature of it ibid Hiacinth the nature of it ibid Corrall the nature of it ibid Asbestos the nature of it ibid Loadestone the nature of it ibid Galactites the nature of it 28 Achates the nature of it ibid Turcoys the nature of it ibid Corneolus the nature of it ibid Chrysoprasus the nature of it ibid Hematite the nature of it ibid Chelidonius the nature of it ibid Alectorius the nature of it 29 Toadestone the nature of it ibid Crabs eye the nature of it ibid Pearch stone ibid Curpe stone the nature of it ibid Porphirite Allabastar 29 Ophite ibid Common stones ibid Salt what it is and the nature of it 30 Salt Amoniack the nature of it ibid Salt Peter ibid Salt Gemme ibid Salt of Indie ibid Salt of water ibid Alome ibid Liquid Alome ibid Hard Alome ibid Bitume 31 Liquid Bitume ibid Naphtha Petreolum ibid Ambar of Arabia ibid Hard Bitume ibid Pissaphaltus ibid Succinum ibid Terra Lemnia ibid Bole Armenian 32 Terra Samia ibid Ampelite ibid Chalke ibid Blacke Chalke with the nature of them all ibid CHAP. VII Of natures perfectly living WHat natures perfectly living are 32 Of Plants 33 Frankincense tree the nature of it ibid Myrrhe tree the nature of it ibid Mace the nature of it 33 Nutmeg the nature of it ibid Pepper the nature of it ibid Wilde Palme tree the nature of it 34 Balsame tree the nature of it ibid Balme the nature of it ibid Pomegranet the nature of it 35 Pome Citron the nature of it ibid Orange ibid Cedar the nature of it ibid Figtree ibid Quince tree the nature of it ibid Lawrell tree the nature of it 36 Iuniper tres the nature of it ibid Chesnut tree the nature of it ibid Beech tree the nature of it 37 Oke tree the nature of it ibid Ilex tree the nature of it 38 Corke tree the nature of it ibid Pine Appletree the nature of it ibid Pitch tree ibid Firre tree ibid Larix tree the nature of it 39 Elme tree the nature of it ibid Alder tree the nature of it ibid Teile tree the nature of it ibid Boxe tree the nature of it ibid Birch tree the nature of it 40 Willow tree the nature of it ibid Poplar tree the nature of it ibid Shrubs 41 Cinnamon the nature of it ibid Cassia Fistula the nature of it ibid. Hasell the nature of it ibid Elderne the nature of it ibid Barberies the nature of it 42 Small Raysin the nature of it ibid Rose tree the nature of it 43 Bramble the nature of it ibid Gooseberries the nature of it ibid Colutea the nature of it ibid Hearbes 44 Wheate the nature of it ibid Barley the nature of it ibid Spelte Rye Oates Millet their nature ibid Rize Lintils Pease Beanes their nature 45 Pot hearbes ibid Coleworts Spinage Lettise their nature ibid Beets Purslaine Mallows Onions their nature ib. Leekes Parsley Violets Daysie their nature 47 Ielley flower Marioram their nature ibid Rosemary Spicknard Lavender their nature 48 Daffodill Rose Campion Saffron their nature ibid Ginger Wormeseede Gallingall their nature ibid Calamus Aromaticus Acorus their nature 49 CHAP. VIII Of humane Creatures c. WHat man is and the manner of his generation 49 What a feeling soule is ibid Senses outward as Touching Hearing 50 Tasting Smelling 51 Sences inward as Conceiving Preserving ibid Sleepe how caused 52 Waking how caused ibid Dreames what they are and their variety ibid The nightmare how occasioned 53 A Trance what it is ibid Appetite what it is ibid Motion what it is 54 Of the bodies of living creatures ibid What the matter of the body is ibid Conception what it is ibid Naturall ibid Extraordinary 55 Of the parts of the body ibid Humours as Blood Phlegme Glew ibid Spirits ibid Vitall Animall what they are 57 Gristles Sweate what they are ibid Braine what it is 58 Excrements of the braine eares and nose ibid The breathing parts 59 Heart Spittle midriffe stomack what they are 60 Throat Vomiting Liver what they are 61 Vrine 62 How to discerne a sound body by it ibid Complexions ibid Dyet 63 Guts their severall kinds ibid How placed in the body ibid The distinction of living creatures and their severall kinds 64 FINIS Naturall Philosophy CHAP. I. What Philosophie is PHilosophie is a knowledge of Naturall What Philosophy is things Things her subject either are He who alone is from by and for whom all things are or else such they be as are numbred by time and measured by place and subject unto motion God is a Spirit infinitely good and great What God is God is but one divine Essence consisting of three distinct Persons the Father the Son and the holy Ghost The actions of God are either the Creating or Governing The actions of God two fold of the world The World consisteth either of things invisible as of Spirits or Visible as the heavens the elements and the bodyes composed of elements The heaven of the blessed vide Gen. 1 1. is counted the third heaven the Orbes are the second the Ayre is counted the first The third Heaven visible is of all substances What Angels are most perfect The invisible Spirits viz. Angels were created heere Angell signifieth a messenger by How they appeare nature hee is a spirit Angells appeare sometime in dreames and visions sometime in bodies apparant and sometimes in true and reall bodies their number is great their office is to celebrate Gods glory to watch What their office is over the world to preserve us to declare and do Gods will to put good motions into our mindes to resist ill spirits The Devils were Angels cast from heaven for sin into the lower parts of the World and heere they continue seeking to deface the Image of God in man and all creatures CHAP. II. Of motions qualities colours tasting smelling c. THings visible contained in the world are Substances or Accidents Accidents are either generall to all things as motion time and place for these belong to all or proper to some things as Qualities There be two kinde of
which according to the diverse fashioning of abounding matter are found diverse sorts of solid bodyes as haires and such other like Of partes of the body which appertaine to the Of the parts of the body making up of the whole body some are containing and some contained The contained for their fluent nature are sustained by helpe of others Such are humours and spirits Humors are moyst partes begot of the first mixture of nourishment in the liver These are in the seede of creatures and are called the beginning of things endued with bloud Any of these if they fayle of their proper nature are not fit to be in the bodie but are become unnaturall Humours are of the first the second sort The first Humors are hot or colde and moyst and dry Bloud is hot and Blood moyst and it is a thin red humour and sweete With this the other partes be chiefly nourished amongst whom this is the chiefe The faults of this is in substance as putrifaction or mixture of vicious humors or in qualitie as too thicke or too thin or is affected with some other badnesse The humour that is hot and dry is choller this is a thinne yellow pale and bitter humour His use is to helpe the expelling facultie and chiefly in the Guts Gall besides nature through adustion is yellow like an egges yolke in the stomacke it is like rustic brasse The colde and moyst is phlegme which is a tough Phlegme slimie and whitish humour and tastlesse If this have a fuller concoction it is turned into bloud His use is to moysten the joynts When it declineth from his proper nature it is salt or tart according to his mixture The colde and dry humour is blacke choller This is a thicke blackish tart bitter humour It serveth to strengthen the stomacke that it may more easily retaine and receive meate When it declineth from his proper nature by immoderate burning it hath divers kindes Humors of the second sort are begotten of the first being wrought with concoction they are like dew or glew Dew is a humor contained in the hollownesse of the members and joyned to their substance like dew with which they are nourished Glew is a humour immoderately congealed and being Glew firmely fastned to the members beginneth to bee changed unto their substance of which change it is called Cambium and carniformis like the flesh Now follow the spirits which are a fluent part of Spirits the body most thin and begotten of the bloud of the heart The spirits are the chiefe instrument and as it were the Chariot of the soules faculties for with most speedie and swift motion it carrieth them over all the body Spirits having roote in the heart be either absolute Vitall What they are or rude and to be finished in other parts Vitall spirits be absolute in the heart and are of a firie nature and from the heart by arteries are spred in the bodie by whose communication all parts doe live Spirits to be perfected in other parts bee Animall Animall which from the heart be carried into the braine and What they are there made subtile by nerves flowing unto all the other parts and this is the Chariot of functions or faculties of all living Creatures Parts containing are more solid which are sustained by themselves all these either are as a stay or covering The stay to other parts is either bone or gristle Bone is the hardest and dryest part and stay to all the bodie Bones are knit together by ligaments which are like hard and thicke threeds being as bandes to the bones of the bodie Gristles are somewhat softer than the bones and Gristles sustaine all other partes The covering of the other What they are parts is the skin which is tender without bloud and covereth the whole body The membrane is a tender skin covering some parts There is yet in these parts a common excrement of Sweat concoction which is sweat and is a moystnesse of the What it is veynes expelled by secret pores of this is to be seene a diverse colour according to the die of the moystnesse or matter thereof the usuall is watrish through the white substance of the channels through which it runneth But if the pores be large and open that without delay and long change it may slide through them especially if for some affection of minde or disease it become thinner then is it speedily expelled and tainted with some other colour c. Therefore from the colour of sweate the bodyes constitution may be knowne Colde sweate is worse to bee liked than hot but either is bad if they be unequall Also the containing parts afore-named are animall or vitall and each of these are more or lesse principall Animall parts are in which the animall parts are most exercised as sence and motion together or alone The chiefe member of motion and sence is the braine contained in the head whose substance being hurt it is in danger to lose both sence and motion The Braine is softer than the other parts white Braine what it is and covered with a double skinne closely The skinne of the brayne is either called Pia or Dura mater The scalpe is a thicke bone covering the whole head and hath up on it a skin with hayres The scalpe is distinguished with certaine seames in certaine parts which are true or fayned c. The excrements of the braine are either thicke or Excrements of the braine thin The thin are teares bursting from the braine by the angles of the eyes The greater the flesh of those angles be so much more plentifull be teares chiefly if the complexion bee colde and moyst as of women Teares be caused by heate which openeth or colde which presseth the flesh and causeth teares The thicker excrements which are expelled from the brayne eyther are by the eares or nose In the eares is a moyst excrement of the brayne gathering Of the eares and rotting in their hollownesse That of the nose is a thicker excrement than that of Of the nose the braine which although it be like flegme yet it is altogether of another nature The pithe of the backe bone is neare to the nature of the braines excrement save that it is harder and something hotter The backe is bonie round and in his length hath twentie foure joynts The Nerves are lesse principall parts of sence and motion which if they be out of order the parts in which these be become unfit to move Nerves or sinewes are thin parts round c. white much like to thicke threeds Some are softer some harder The softer are of more use of which are six paire by two and two from the braine arriving to other parts First to the eyes Secondly To moove the eyes Thirdly to the tongue and taste Fourthly to the pallet and skin of the mouth Fiftly to the hearing The sixt to the mouth of the stomacke