it were the dregs and sediment of the bloud All these foure humours as I haue said being made vnnaturall they turne to the hurt of the body as when melancholy is burned it becōmeth vitious and causeth madnes when it is mingled with too much flegme it causeth a doltish disposition and worketh cold diseases When blood becommeth vnnaturall it is made wheyish and watrish and is very hurtfull as in the hydropsic when red choler is burned it becommeth vitious and biting when flegme is made vnnaturall through a weake digesture it is made a watrish humor and so hurtfull to the body There is also another natural humor and is Primogenius the first and chiefe humor called Humidum radicale which is Humidum radicale ingendred in the similer parts or insited in nature for from the first beginning the members of the whole body are filled with a certaine dewie humor or only moistnesse truely the first thing that is ingendred hauing its beginning from the blood monstruall This humor yeeldeth nourishment to the naturall heate and therfore by the same it is consumed and needeth restauration which is performed by the accession of nourishment Galen termeth this humor the solid substance of the similer parts Doct. Now it resteth that you shew me the seat or place of euery one of these humours Stud. These 4. humors which are ingēdred in our bodies being mixed they are contained in unamassa sanguinis that is in the fountaine of blood which is said to be the better part of it selfe and being exactly confused they rest in the veines which the Physitions doe consider as it were the chiefe Elements of the bodie but those humors which are by nature deriued without the veines whether it be yellow choler in the gaule or melancholy which the splene draweth or flegme which is ingendred in the stomacke through crudities or the matter which distilleth from the braine to the nostrils and such like they are in no wise to be accoūted elements of our body and therfore they be not humors but excrements and so they are called which nature whiles it is in strength doth expell as vnprofitable vnto places conuenient and the excramentall seat of yellow choler is the gaule from whence it is purged by vrine and the stoole the receptacle of the melancholick humor is the splene by which being drawne it is spartly cōncertd into the nature therof partly it is deiected to the stomacke Doct. Proceed now to spirits and let me know what a spirit is Despiritibus Spiritus definitio Stud. A spirit is a subtile flame or rather an airy substance giuing strength and power to exercise proper actions in euery member Spirits be two fold the one vitall the other animall the vitall spirit is a subtill flame engendred from the blood and is dispersed by vertue of the heart into all the body to giue vnto the same liuely heat and a power of motion and action The efficient cause is a naturall power in the heart the matter from whence it proceedeth is blood for it is ingendred of the blood which is in the left ventricle of the heart the forme is the flame it selfe flying through all the Artiers The finall causes are two the first is that it might giue liuely heate vnto the body the second is that it may be the instrument of action and motion in the whole body The animal spirit is as it were a starrebeame which is sent from the braine by the Nerues into all the body to giue motion and sense and all other animal actions vnto the same Doct. From whence is the Animall spirit ingendred Stud. It is ingendred of the vitall spirits by the vertue of the braine elaborating and concocting the same There are some that adioyne a third kind of spirit that is Spiritus naturalis in gendred in the liuer which is the thin substance of the blood and is like vnto a vapour this spirit is carried by the hollow veine together with the blood into the heart where it is wrought by the naturall strength of the heart and so is made a vitall spirit and so the naturall spirit is as it were the matter of the vitall spirit and the vitall spirit is the matter of the animall spirit De partibus Doct. Goe forward vnto the parts of mans body and tell me first what a part De partibus is Stud. Euery member of the bodie is accounted for a part of the body and Membra principalia they are of two sorts some principall and some officiall the braine the heart and the liuer are accounted principall members some also account the testicles amongst the principall members The officiall members are the sinews and they doe serue to the braine the arteries Membra officialia which doe serue to the heart the veines which doe serue to the liuer the spermaticke vessels which be inseruient to the stones There bee also some parts that be called partes similares or Homogenae and some Dissimilares or Heterogenae The Similar parts are so called for being diuided they remaine in themselues such as they were before and those are the bones cartilagies ligaments tendons fibres membrans the skinne and the flesh with the fatte and such like The members or parts Dissimilar are the contrary Some members are called instrumentall as the stomacke the reines the bowels with all the great sinews Doct. It followeth that we speake of De faculta tibus potentijs faculties or powers Tell me therefore how many sorts of faculties or powers are there Stud. There are three sorts of powers that is to say Animal Spiritual and Naturall the Animall facultie according to Plato whom the Physitions do follow is placed in the braine the vitall or spirituall is placed in the heart the natural in the liuer Aristotle in secundo De Anima rehearseth fiue faculties or powers of the soule viz. Potentiam vegetatiuam sentientem Appetitiuam loco motuam and Rationalem Doct. What is that vegetatiue power Stud. The vegetatiue power is that which doth nourish increase strengthen the body and therefore it doeth containe these foure faculties that is facultatem nutritiuam auctricem generatricem and formatricem Doct. What is that nutrition or nourishment Stud. It is the conuersion of meate and drinke into a spirituall substance performed by the force of heate that there may bee a restoring of the same which began to be decayed The efficient cause of nourishment is naturall heat Materia ex qua or the matter from whence it springeth is the meat and drinke receiued into the body Materia in qua or the subiect is mans liuing body The formall cause is the same Assimilation or conuersion of meate and drinke into the similitude of enerie member to be nourished for one part is turned into the substance of the bone another into the substance of the flesh c. The end is the restoring of the same which began to be consumed for
when the naturall heate doeth consume any thing that same must be restored againe by nutrition euen as in a Lamp the oyle being consumed the same must be again increased Therefore the finall cause is Conseruatio indiuidui the cōseruation of that thing which can not be diuided that is of a man or of any other liuing creature Doct. What are the Organs of Nutrition Stud. It is the mouth which receiueth and cheweth the nourishment the Oesophage that conueieth it the stomacke turning it into Chylus by the worke of the liuer to which are admixed the rest of the humours the veines carrying and conueying the blood to euery member in which there is made Assimilation and application of nourishment Doct. Let me know the faculties and powers of euery member Student The common Faculties which resteth in euery member are said 4. Facultates in singulis membris Attractrix Retentrix Concoctrix Expultrix to befoure viz. the attractiue the retentiue the concoctiue and the expulsiue for euery member hath a faculty to draw to retaine to alter and expell As for example the stomacke doth first draw the meat secondly it retaineth it thirdly it doeth alter it that is it turneth it in to Chilus and fourthly it doeth expell it Doct. What is hunger and thirst Stud. Hunger is a desire of meate when as the veines Mesariaces beeing Fames empty of nourishment doe draw from the stomacke by a kind of sucking and haling the stomacke is as it were Culina communis totius corporis a common Kitchin of the whole body Doct. What is thirst Stud. Thirstines is an appetite of humectation cooling in drithe or heat Sitis the Organ of hunger and thirst is the mouth of the stomacke in which the same irritation or prouoking is felt Doct. Now shew me how nourishment is made Stud. The stomack doth concoct the meat and turneth it into Chilus the same Chilus is sent per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in to the intestins Duodenum and Ieiunum from thence the veines Mesaraices plucketh it and turning it into a more pure and liquid masse sendeth it vnto the liuer but the excrements slippe downe to the inferiour intestins the liuer turneth the Chilus into the masse of bloud which consisteth of the foure humors bloud choler flegme and melancholy And the bloud is sent by the veines from the liuer part vpwards and part into the right ventricles of the heart to nourish the heart and the lungs and to ingender vitall spirits part discendeth downewards to nourish the inferiour members but the other humours which are separated from the bloud part floweth into the gall as yellow choler part into the spleene as black choler the watry Aquosa supersluitas or wheyish matter slippeth to the reines and bladder and so becometh vrin or else it doth transpire by sweat These be the excrements of the second decoction or digestion which are made in the liuer and the veines Last of all the third Decoction is made in those parts to the which excrements do flow which as I say do passe by insensible transpiration of the skin and part with the vrin and excrements The bloud doth nourish the members by apposition and assimilation that is when it sticketh to the members and is adglutinated and waxeth warme and so at the length after many changes it is made like vnto the part and is as it were turned into the same substance and then it is called the second humidity the Arabians doe call it Cambium From hence the digestions or concoctions are numbred to bee three the first is performed in the stomack and intestins the second in the liuer and veines the third in all the members and solid parts and the rule is Vitium prioris concoctionis non potest corrigi per sequentes Doct. I see you doe briefly run ouer this first part of physick concerning things naturall let me heare you deliuer the rest in as short a manner and let me know how many things there bee that are called not naturall The second part of things not natural called Hugiene and doth respect the conserua tion of mans health PARS 2. Stud. THere are six things necessarie to the nourishment and preseruatiō of mans life and are called not natural 1 The Aire 2 Meate and Drinke 3 Sleepe and watchfulnes 4 Exercise and rest 5 Emptines and repletion 6 The affects of the mind Doct. Why are they called things not naturall Stud. Because they are not natural parts of a man they are not within but without the man they are a necessary matter and helpe for the preseruation keeping of the body of man they are called non naturales viz. such things as are not borne with vs. Doct. What doth the Aire concerne the health of our bodies Of the Aire Stud. THe Aire by it selfe is hot and moist and the Attraction thereof is so necessarie to all liuing creatures that to whatsoeuer thing the way of respiration is wanting it presently dieth and experience teacheth vs that the temperature or distemperature therof doth change the constitution of the body the aire being sweet and wholesome doth refresh and nourish the spirits A grosse Aire maketh the body fat and strong but the wit dull and slow such as Cicero writeth the Thebans to be but a pure cleare aire such as was at Athens maketh men liuely and sharp witted That is the best Aire that is pure cleere and thin not grosse troublesome or cloudy Hip. in lib. de flatibus affirmeth that the aire is not onely the author of life vnto mortall men but also the author of diseases and death Galen in Arte medicinale saith Ab Aire afficitur mutatur corpus quia aut caelefit aut frigesit aut exucatur aut humectatur Doct. What say you to meate and drinke Of meate and drinke Stud. OVr bodies are nourished and refreshed with meate and drinke euen as the lampe with oyle or waxe but in the vse thereof there are two things to be obserued the first that meat and drinke be receiued at accustomed and conuenient times for whereit is too long deferred the stomack being emptie is filled with euill humours for the stomack doth not suspend or intermit his naturall action wherefore where it wanteth meat there it falleth backe againe vpon excrements The second obseruation is that wee take so much meate and drinke as may refresh the natural strength of the body and not oppresse it for as Cicero in Catone Maiore saith Nam cibi potionis nimia copia menti corpori obest And how can a man haue a good disposition of mind whose body is ouermuch filled with meat and drinke For which cause temperance doth very much auaile for the garnishing both of the minde and of the body for it is a mother and a sweet nurse both of health wisedome and many other vertues Hippocrates saith that abstinence is Mater sanitatis the mother of health and that labour
there are that do very much commend the yelks of egs poched and coxe-stones boyled in milke but that is more fitter for the cause which is emptines then to the Feuer the Patient must vse decoctions of french barly a yong cocke stusfed with barly clensed and boyled for broth is very good if hee shall be wearie of the vse of pusans he may vse white wine being made thin by delution The Patient must auoid watchfulnes venery and all other perturbations of the mind which doth dry attenuate as anger sorrow bathing is thought to be good lukewarm so that it hath a cooling faculty especially before the disease be confirmed he may tarry in this bath 3. or 4. houres giuing vnto him therein Asses milke tempered cum saccharo violato or rosato after he is out of his bath he may be annointed with cerato refrigirante galeni or vnguento rosato mesue oyle of roses violets or Mympheae Marasmus is not to bee cured and those that make their Marasmus brags that they cure consumptions doc much mistake for it is rather leannes and thinnes of body then any Hectick passion for euen as to poure oyle into a lampe where is no weeke nor match is nothing else but oleum operam perdere euen so in vaine doe wee striue to restore to nature that solid substance being by heate consumed taken away because that through nourishment a watry humor not an angry is rather supplyed to the sicke Patient Common remedies for maligne diseases and contagious vnder the example of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a disease which De Tesie doth happen vnto many and hath his beginning from a pernicious vnusual putrifactiō which doth very much exceed the condition of vulgar putrifaction Sometimes this pernicious quality hath it begining in our selues for it happeneth that sometimes the humors I could wish that our common Gardeners about London might be inhibited from planting such multituds of Cabbages or at the least might be compelled to bury deep vnder ground their rotten stalks and leaues from whence ariseth a pestilent vapour and vnusuall putrifaction at the latter end of the yere of our bodie doth so much degenerate from the natural temperature that at the length it taketh vnto it self a pernitios venemos quality so is constrained to striue with deadly venoms Somtimes it ariseth frō outward means as malign putrified exhalations which are communicated to the aire sometimes from dead fennes pooles and standing waters corrupted such as is the waters in Moore fields at London where no man was wont to walke in the euenings for stench stinking channels venemous dens and mettalin spirits arising out of the earth often times also it happeneth from the variable commistion of the Planets and then it is the hidden and admirable scourge of the most iust God for our sinnes and then it is properly called the pestilence but when it hath hit beginning from other causes it is called Morbus malignus or Febris maligna those feuers that haue their originall from Venom are for the most part deadly but not pestilential because they are not contagious The part affected is the heart by Pars affect meanes of the pestilent aire which creepeth vnto the same by the lungs through necessity of respiration whereby the vitall spirits are assailed and the humidum radicale and solid substance cleane ouer throwne We must in the beginning resist the externall cause the aire is to be purged by fire both abroad in the house for that doth separate remoue the putrifaction many waies if it be prepared of sweete woods as of Iuniper it is more better doth more refresh the vitall spirits The vitall faculty it selfe is to be strengthned by cordials as well inward as outward the better to resist venom Rec. Conseruae buglos borrag an ℥ j. Corticis semenis citri an Dr. ij Diamargirits frioidi Alexiphar macon Troch scorūde Camphora an dr j Adde si vis boli armeni terrae sigillatae tantundē Rasurae Vnicornis smaragdt ambrae an gran ss cum syrupo conseruationis citri fiat opiata vel cum saccharo in aqua violarum Buglos scabiosae cardut benedicti soluto fiat electuarum per tabellas but if these things shail seeme too hot for the summer they may be temperated with adding of Roses violets and sanders for the poorer sort may suffise the rines and seeds of the citren cornu cerui zedoaria dictaminus angelica tormentill gentian taken the quantity of Drag j. in aquae cardui or borragini To the heart must be applied Sacculus fotus Epithemita the sacculus may be prepared with red roses violets flowres of buglosse the citren rine of their decoction or distilled waters may bee made fotus and with adding of cordiall powders may be framed an Epithema There are alwaies ready in the Apothecaries shops two Alexiteriās against al venoms and venemous diseases that is treacle mithridate the which our antients haue vsed with great profit as wel for preseruatiue as for expelling presēt sicknes they were wont to giue one Dr. by it selfe or else in some cordiall water and also to apply it outwardly in the forme of a Linament vpon the region of the heart with some mice of Lymons or mixed with some Cordiall conserues in the forme of an Emplaster Some learned men doe agree that the same cacochymia is to be diminished by some gentle purge which must be vsed with some cordial decoction as for example if choler be accended and a poison may seeme to possesse all the humours the signes shew presently a cholerick feuer although by reason of the same cacoethes and conioyned poyson it be increased we may say Rec. Radicis acetosae ℥ ss Scabiosae Cichorij Pimpinellae an M. j. Decoctio cordialis Sem. citri Cardui benedictian Drag ij Flor. cordialium an P. j. Fiat decoctio in colaturae ℥ iiij infunde Rhabarbari Dra. ij ss in expressione leui dissolue syrup rosarum Solutiui ℥ j. ss adde Camphorae grana quatuor fiat potus I dare not vse any stronger purge as Diaprunum solutinum and Electuarium Desucco rosarum least nature should be disturbed and therefore we must farre lesse vse Diacrydium or Antimoni Yet there be some Physitions that doe affirme that iiij or v. graines of Antimoni being infufed in some cordiall waters to haue been giuen with good successe In all Epidimicall diseases one doeth administer this medicine Rec. Diascordij Drag j. Syrup Delymonibus ℥ ss Aquae cardui benedict ℥ ij Spirit vitrioli gut 4. Misce fiat haustus Capiat fudet and so let him take ij Nota. or iij. of the same draughts if the feuer seeme to be a synochus and the patient haue a plethoricke body a veine may safely be opened but if it be but an Ephemera or hecticke then at no hand must it be enterprised From hence aririseth that great
complaint of letting of blood in a pestilent feuer one defending one way and another another way and all striue by probable reasons some do affirme that no man doeth escape that hath a veine opened another saith that very few die that doe bleede and that there is no more present remedy then the same but this first is to be ended by the distinction of feuers Celsus doeth commend bathing and hydrotick meanes that the Venum may haue its passage thorow the skinne and therefore they hold it good to anoint the groine and arme holes with the other Emunctuaris with oyle of Scorpions that therby the venom may bee drawn forth De Lue Venerea or the Pox. Doct. PRocced now and tel me what disease is the Pox Stud The Pox is a contagious euill which for the most part is gotten by the vse of veneric In times past we had no knowledge of that disease but now it is growne to bee the most commonst that raigneth and it bringeth with it many detestable cuils and trouble some accidents In the beginning it is but small but in time it groweth to that greatnes that it doth not only corrupt the humors and spirits but also it doeth offend the nerues membrans tendons the flesh and bones and at last it doth ouerthrow and consume all the other parts of the bodie and peruerteth the tempeature and whole substance thereof from whence proceedeth diuers and many kindes of excrements it may well be called the plague of Venus because that for the most part it is not gotten but by the vse Let venerians look to themselues of vncleane bodies This disease hath beene knowne to lurke in the bodie many moneths together before it hath beene mistrusted and sometimes a whole yeare together Doct. What part is there affected in the Pox Stud. In this disease the part affected Pars affect principally is the liuer as doth appeare by the naturell actions hurt for in the stomacke there is euill concoction whence ariseth a great alteration of colour and dulnesse of the whole bodie the appetite of venerie is cleane ouerthrowne and it is a disease peruerting the whole substance with the temperature and by that meanes there ariseth diuers kindes of excrements it hath an analogie to the whole substance of the liuer rather then to the heart or braine for it doth oppugne rather the naturall spirits then the vitall or animall which beeing corrupted must needes infect the Liuer from whence ariseth that same Pilorum Deflautum or shedding of haire and also sometimes there ariseth itchings about the priuy parts vlcerations virulent Gonorrheas and such like Doct. What are the signes of this disease Stud. In the beginning of the disease there doth appeare those venerious bubos Signa Bubones venerei in the groine and maligne pustuls in the yard and vlceration of the vrinarie passages which after a time doeth yeeld a kind of light sanies and causeth a kind of distilling and burning of vrine and withall there is adioyned a gonorrhea and shedding of seede Somtimes there doth appeare certaine small spots ouer the whole body now yellow now redde and filthy and as it were warts which wil not a way til the disease be cured Finally paine of the nerues head-ach paine of the shoulders and the necke are common companions Sometimes also those spots doe vanish and after a time doe rise againe and in time doe proue to be virulent and doe erode and eate the skinne so that there doeth arise manie foule fordid and virulent vlcers and pustles and they doe very often grow in the pallat of the mouth and in the iawes and the nose and in time doth exulcerate the tongue and the nostrils because those parts are more tender then others Often times in this disease also the Desantium pilorum capitty atque barbs haire of the head and beard do fal away the Patient cannot sleep by reason of exceeding paine for this disease doth torment more in the night then in the day There doth also appeare in the ioints vpon the shin bone certaine tophies tumors hardly to be dissolued and especially in the forehead and other parts of the head and sometimes also vpon the shoulders from whence arise vleers of very hard curatiō which in time doth erode and corrupt the bone bringing to the Patient in tollerable paine especially in the night time as I haue before sayd And these are the common sigues of this disease of the poxe which in some bodies doe appeare after one manner in others after another more or lesse and not in euery body alike Doct. Tell mee what is the cause of this disease Stud. The cause of this disease is a Causa fordid and maligne qualitie containing in it selfe a very deepe contagion communicated from one infected body vnto an other by vncleane touching wherby for the most part the parts of generation are affected by reason of their rare and tender substance In like manner this maligne qualitie is communicated to the apparell to the mouth and also to the skinne and sometimes it doth so much the sooner infect by how much the natural vertues faculties of the liuer are the weaker From thence also it doth somtimes happen that many vsing one vncleane woman are in a manner al infected but those that haue their naturall faculties strong are very seldome infected As in the pestilence although the pestilent aire be communicated to al yet all are not alike infected and the reason is because some men haue their vitall spirits more stronger then others Doct. What prognosticks haue you vpon this disease Stud. This disease being but newly taken doth admit an easie cure but being Prognest old confirmed is very seldome or neuer cured the disease is contagious infectious to which womē are more apter then men and in this euill it hapneth that the infected cānot sleep they are troubled with continual sorrow grief and in the end doe perish with a Feuer This disease also is transferred from the parents to the children bringeth with it often times phtisis the dropsie asthma and such like Doct. Let vs now heare what cure you haue for this disease Stud. I haue sayd that if the disease be Luis vene reae cura not very old that then the cure is very easie and therefore first of all I open a veine afterwards I attenuat the grose humors with medicines appropriate for that purpose especially such as may reserate and open the meatus passages Then I doe purge the body as necessitie shall require either with pils or potions afterwards I expell the reliquis of the disease with such things as may procure Diaphoretica sweate and when the sicke doth begin to sweate hee must cleanse and wipe himself with cleane clothes before he entreth into his sweate he must drinke a draught of some decoctiō that hath propertie to open the passages of the neruos parts
and exercise doeth cause a strong body Syracke saith in Cap. 17. that abundance of meat beggetteth diseases and that gluttony doeth fill the body with vitious humours Plato in his second Booke De legibus doth forbid the vse of wine and especially vnto children vntill they be eighteene yeares of age and giueth a reason that Non decetignem igni adijoere And these verses are worthy the consideration Immodici sensus perturbat copia bacchi Inde quis enumeret quot mala proueniant Corporis exhaurit succos animique vigorena Opprimit ingemum strangulat atque necat Doct. That is very true for wee see what drowsie sots those common tospots tauerne haunters are and how vnfit to euery good action subiect to euery kind of disease as Palsies Apoplexies Hydropsies Epelipsies gouts such like besides they are turned for the most part from men to monsters and their minds are as full of filthie disires as their bodies of soule diseases But I pray you proceed vnto the next which is sleepe and watchfulnes let mee know how you doe define the same Of Sleepe and Watchfulnes Stud. SLeepe is a rest and quietnes of De sonnio the vertue animall which hapneth when the profitable vapours of the nourishment doe ascend vp into the braine where they doe sweetly moysten and euery where flowing in the braine doe obstruct the Meatus and passages of the senses and moouing Nerues thorow which the vertue of the seness doe by little and little faile The Efficent cause is heate which as Hip. saith in sleepe it flieth more inwards to the end to helpe concoction from whence it hapneth that the outward members doe easily waxe cold in sleepe and doe require to be more warmer couered The Material cause is a sweet vapour ascending from the nourishment into the brain and stopping the Meatus of the senses and spirits that the members forsake their motion The Formal cause is the rest of the outward senses that is hearing and seeing in like manner local mouing as neither the hands nor the feet doe moue any more or performe their office The Finall causes are first a moystning and a recreation of the braine and of the heart According to Virgil Fessos Virgilius soporirrigat artus Secondly that the action of the stomacke and of the liuer in concoction may be the stronger drawing inwards the heat and the spirits for to that end doth the animall faculties rest in sleepe to the end the natural may more stronger performe their office Thirdly that it may be the image of death according to Ouid Stulte quid est somnus gelidae nisi mortis imago Galen calleth it frater mortis the brother of death for as in sleepe the body taketh its rest and the soule watcheth so also in death the body resteth but the soule and spirit liueth As concerning the order and length of sleepe we must consider how much and how long is conuenient to euery body for long sleepe is more conuenient for them that as yet haue not attained to a perfect digestion whether it happeneth through the eating of euill meats or through the wrakenes of the vertue digestiue And forasmuch as sleepe doeth slacken and make laxe the animall powers it is not so necessary for those that be fasting or to such as do suffer much hunger for thereby the head is filled with fuines and euaporations eleuated from the feces supersluities retained in the stomack But on the contrary too much watching is hurthfull to the braine it doth debilitate and weaken the senses it doth burne the humors and is the cause of sharpe diseases sometimes of frensies of madnesse melancholy and deliriums In this therefore we must be carefull to consider how much is sufficient for as Hippocrates saith both sleepe and watchfulnes which soeuer it be if they be immoderate are hurtfull For the length of sleepe the most part of Physitions do agree Length of sleepe that to strong bodies seuen houres in the night is sufficient for in the day time it is generally disallowed and to those that are weaker eight houres at the most Plato in Timaeo saith when the world shutteth vp hereie we also should shut Plato vp our cies the eye of the world is the sunne therefore sleepe is not long to be deferred after the setting of the sun neither presently after supper can sleepe be wholsome for as Galen saith Lib. 4. Abhorismorum Commentario 67. à cibis ad somnum connersis caput impletur A certain great man was wont to say that he found nothing better for the preseruation of his health then to read nothing after supper to write nothing nor to be long out of his bedde so said he I am very wel able to arise in the morning with cheerefulnesse to follow my busines He that hath a strong stomacke let him lie first vpon the right side but he that hath a weake digestiue facultie should first lie vpon the left side and afterwards vpon the right for to lie vpon the left side doth better helpe digestion and vpon the right side it helpeth better for the distribution of the meat Doct. The next thing not naturall is exercise and rest how may that auaile Motus quies for the benefit and health of the bodie Of exercise and rest Stud. A Great part of the preseruatiō of the health of mans body doth consist in due exercise and rest for both these are necessary both to the body and the minde of which Ouid saith Cernis vt ignauum corrumpant ocia corpus Vt capiunt vitium nimoue antur aqua In these verses the similitude is of the body and the water For as water that doth not mooue doth easily putrifie so the body also groweth to corruption without exercise In like manner of the mind and vnstanding Outd V. Trist Elegia 12. saith Adde quòd ingenium long a rubigine laesum Torpet est multo quà m fuit amè munus Where he calleth it Longam rubiginem otium ignauum he meaneth that wherby the whole force of the wit and vnderstanding is ouerthrowne or at the least doth languish and is diminished euen as by the contrary it is refreshed and made sharpe There are three profits and commodities that ariseth by motion and exercise the first is it maketh the bodie strong Secondly it doth excite and increase naturall heate Thirdly the spirits and the senses are thereby made more stronger and sharper As concerning the times of exercise the Aphorism of Hippocrates doth teach Lib. 6. Epi. Sect. 4. Aphoris vlt. vs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 labours before meate he calleth motion or exercise of the body labours Therefore before meate and not after the body must bee exercised for quietnes after feeding or very litle exercise is to be vsed lest that the naturall heat which should be exercised about concoction and digesture should be dispersed and so made weaker Of Rest the same Ouid saith Quod
then called Orthopnaae Pleuritis the Plurisie or Laterau dolor It is an inward inflammation or apostumation of the vpper skinne girding the ribbes called Pleura It is caused of abundance of hotte blood flowing vnnaturally To the aforesaid vpper skinne within there is adioyned difficultie of breathing the cough a continuall feuer a vehement pricking paine and a hard and sharpe pulse Peripneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs with a sharpe Feuer and difficultie of breathing It is caused of strong distillations falling to the lungs or else of the Squinancie or the Asthma or of the plurisie or of other diseases sometimes a simple inslammation is the cause of this disease Sputum sanguinis spitting of blood It is caused many times of an outward cause as of falling from an high place or a stroake or with riding or leaping or of some heauie thing fallen vpon the Breast Sometimes immoderate colde or heate breaketh the veines as Hippocrates doeth witnesse sometimes fulnesse and abundance of naughtie blood doeth gnaw asunder the veines and breaketh open the heads of them sometimes also sharpe humours falling from the head to the lungs doeth gnaw asunder the veines Empiema or suppuratio it is a spitting of a kind of matters caused when an apostume or botch beeing in the vpper skinne of those which doe girde the ribbes inwardly or else in some vpper skinne of the brest and being broken it is shedde and powred into the emptie place of the brest which is betweene the lungs and the vpper skinne girding in the ribbes It is sometimes caused through some eruption of blood and sometimes through fluxe of the head and other parts falling thither which doth sometimes change into the squinancy Ptisis or Tabes it is an exulceration of the lungs vntill there followeth spitting of bloody matter It is caused through a sharpe and gnawing humour flowing to the lungs from the head It is caused also through blood and matter that doeth remaine after the bursting out of it in them that haue the Plurisie Peripneumonia or Empiema They which haue this disease their flesh doth wash away their eies are hollow they are vexed with a cough and the feuer hectick they haue difficulty of of breathing with a pale and sware countenance Chap. VIII Of the affects of the heart and breasts PAlpitatio and tremor cordis is the panting and trembling of the heart it is a corrupt motion of the heart or a stretching out of it against nature our moderne Physitions doe call it Cardiaca It is caused through some distemperature or an euill humour which doeth rest in the celles about the heart or else some tumour or swelling against nature sometimes imbecillitie and weakenesse may cause this disease and sometimes it ariseth through a grosse melancholicke blood Syncope is a swift failing of the strength and is caused through much excretion and auoyding of blood also throngh infection about the braine and the heart causing oppilations or else through some great sickenesse it may also come through great heate and suddaine cold it may come through vehement sweating and other immoderate euacuations sometimes also feare dread and such like perturbations of the minde may cause swounding Chap. IX Of the tumour of the Pappes THE tumour of the Paps is of manisold causes for sometimes it proceedeth of cold somtimes through concretion of milke sometimes through inflammation somtimes through a stroke or blow sometimes there is an hard tumor which is cancerus and doth arise of some inward cause as the stopping of Menstrus vnnaturall melancholy and such like Concretio lactis curding of milke is caused through abundance of milke which is not drawne forth It is caused also of some hotte distemper when that through ouer-much heate the thinner part of the milke is digested and dissolued and the rest groweth together and turneth into curds it may also bee caused of colde which may cause the milke to congeale and turne to curds Inflammatio mammarum the inflammation of the Pappes is caused of abundance of hotte blood flowing to the Pappes sometimes through milke curded and turned to suppuration and matter CHAP. X. Of the affects of the stomacke DOlor stomachi paine of the stomacke is caused when naughtie venemous and gnawing humours bee kept in the stomacke whereby it doeth chance that through intollerable gnawing they cause swounding which they call stomachica Imbecillitas stomachi weakenes of the stomacke is caused through distemper of the working qualities without any flowing of humours sometimes it is caused of an humour being contained in the bosome and large space of the stomacke which hath power either to heate or coole or to moisten or drie or two of these qualities mixed together And sometimes also it is caused of an humor stuffed and drowned in the films and coats of the stomacke Vomitus nausea vomiting and disposition thereunto proceedeth of a naughtie and wicked motion of the expulsiue facultie of the stomacke It is caused of a vitious humour contained in the stomacke being either hotte or colde which humour either swimmeth in the concauity and hollownes of the stomacke or it is stuffed in the filmes thereof cleauing like bird-lime sometimes great exercise after meates sailing on the seas and ouer-fat meates may be the occasion of vomit Eructatio belching is caused either of ventositie or of some sharpe and fower humour sometimes it proceedeth of an hotte cause and that is perceiued when either there is bitternesse in the mouth inflammation thirst or that the patient receiueth remedie by cold causes as Gal. affirmeth Si à materia calida sunt cum siti si à frigida cum fame Singultus yelking or hicket is a motion of the stomacke as it were a crampe raised of the expulsiue facultie which goeth about to expulse euill and hurtfull things It is caused for the most part either of fulnesse or emptinesse as is affirmed by Hippocrates also sometime it is caused through the biting and gnawing of sharpe humours also coldnesse of the mouth of the stomacke is oftentimes the cause of yelking sometimes it is ingendred in feuers when either the stomack or some other bowel is inflamed Sitis thirst hath a two fold cause the one is through want of moisture and partly through abundance of heat also through much drinking of olde strong wine sometimes it is caused through salt humours or eating of very salt meates and sometimes the stomack is dried by the consent of the whole body as it happeneth in burning Feuers CHAP. XI Of the affects of the liuer and splene Imbecillitas Iecinoris weaknes of the liuer is caused of distemper either hot cold moist or drie a hot distemper doth burne vp as wel the humors which were before in the liuer as also those humours which are carried to the liuer by the veines mesenterij But cold distemper doth make the flegmatick and raw humor which is alreadie contained in the liuer tough and hard to bee moued and the humors that be carried to the