Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	lung_n	right_a	ventricle_n	2,433	5	12.8369	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B05906	The parfait mareschal, or Compleat farrier. Which teacheth, I. To know the shapes and goodness, as well as faults and imperfections of horses. II. The signs and causes of their diseases, the means to prevent them, their cure, and the good or bad use of purging and bleeding. III. The way to order and preserve them, when upon travel, to feed, and to dress them. IV. The art of shoeing, according to a new design of shoes, which will recover bad feet, and preserve the good. Together with a treatise, how to raise and bring up a true and beautiful race of horses: as also instructions, whereby to fit all kinds of horses with proper bits, whereof the chief draughts are represented in copper-plates. / Written originally in French by the Sieur de Solleysel Escuyer, sometime one of the overseers of the French Kings Royal Academy of Riding, near to the Hostel de Conde in Paris. And translated from the last Paris impression, by Sir William Hope of Kirkliston Kt. Lieutenat Governour of the Castle of Edinburgh. By whom is also added as a supplement to the first part, a most compendious and excellent collection of horsemanship, taken from the best and most modern writers upon that subject, such as Mr. De la Brow, Pluvinel, and the Great Duke of Newcastle. Part I.; Parfait mareschal. English. 1696	Solleysel, Jacques de, 1617-1680.; Hope, William, Sir.	1696 (1696)	Wing S4458; ESTC R184351	1,036,506	744

their horses after they have received a Glyster oblige th● to render it too soon which is quite contrary to the design of giving it which that he may retain it a reasonable time It signifieth but little to stop a horses f●●ment with Hay or to tye down his Dock to hinder him to render it for I assure 〈◊〉 none of these foolish methods will prevent a horses voyding his Glyster if he 〈◊〉 an inclination to it however if he could be made to keep it a full hour it would so much the better The common Purgatives made use of in Glysters are the Electuaries Diapr●● solutivum de Psillo Diaphenicon and benedicta laxativa Nicolas People put commonly but two ounces or four at most of any of these Electuarie a Glyster which will but purge very gently therefore if you intend to purge y● Horse soundly you must give him in a Glyster at least seven or eight ounces of the which the Apothecaries will not give at too easie a rate unless the Drugs be spoilt not faithfully made up therefore when you design that your Horse should be 〈◊〉 purged it is always fit to add to the Glyster an English pint of Emetick Wine w●● will be both cheaper and have more effect than these preceeding Electuarie or otherways in place of it Polychrest or the Scorie and refuse of the Liver of A●●ny the Urine of a healthful Man or that of a Cow if you have the conveniency it or lastly as I have already directed mix an ounce of Sene with the decoction or otherways one or two Coloquint Gourds shred very small together with an ounce and a half of the above-mentioned Polychrest or Scorie of Antimony Besides these Glysters I have been describing there are a number of others in 〈◊〉 2d part of this Book that are appropriat to the different Diseases and therefore 〈◊〉 may have recourse to them when needful I shall not here set down the places 〈◊〉 they are to be found because the composition of all kinds of Glysters is so very 〈◊〉 that it is scarcely worth a mans pains to turn over to the Chapters where they are 〈◊〉 down Glysters are of so great use for the preservation of Horses health and the cureing of their Diseases that we have no remedy which equals them for a Glyster given a● a certain time will save a horse's life but then there must be at least two English Quarts of it Feavers and the excessive beating of the Flanks are rarely allayed both the use of good Glysters often reiterate at least people are sure that if they make 〈◊〉 sensible alteration to the better yet at least they refresh and give a great deal of 〈◊〉 and never did a Glyster given orderly and according to method prove preju●● to any Horse whatsoever CHAP. LXVII Of blooding Horses and the Benefite thereof NAture finding her self opprest with a violent Distemper CHAP. LXVII Of Blooding Horses and its use doth many 〈◊〉 by her own proper strength without any other assistance whatsoever 〈◊〉 charge her self of that burden wherewith she was opprest sometime the Flux of the Belly other times by the Flux of Urine many times again by 〈◊〉 and at other times slowly by insensible transpiration but it sometimes also happ●● that she delivers her self of her trouble by a great loss of blood which is that has ●●●ed Physicians to trace Nature foot by foot and to procure sometimes one kind 〈◊〉 vacuation and sometimes another according to the quality of the Humor offend●● and the place where it lurks it is certain there is no evacuation so ready so easy so agreeable and so beneficial as blood-letting which is made by an incision of a Vein which gives a free passage for the blood to issue forth By the word Blood I don't strictly understand that choice and perfectly prepared fourth Humor so called because as the Lance does not particularly make choice of it we are therefore to understand thereby the whole Mass of the Blood which is contained in the Veins and Arteries this Mass sometimes preserves it self in such an equal condition that it produces the Sanguine complexion without degenerating unto either Bile Phlegm or Melancholy but however does not fail to exceed in quantity to be subject to Inflammation or Corruption and to run either too slowly or to precipitate it self upon some part of the body and overcharge it and it is from this that all the Reasons and Indications for Blood-letting are taken But before I give you the Reasons which oblidge to let Blood I shall in a few words explain how Blood is produced in the bodies of Animals according to the most probable and curious Opinion although called New by many of the old Physicians for I fancied I would satisfie the curiosity of many People by inserting here this Opinion which is founded upon many Experiments the most convinceing in the World To comprehend then how the Blood is made you must know that the substance of a Horses body is subject to a continual dissipation by reason of the natural heat which incessantly acts against its radical moisture therefore Nature to repair that diminution of its proper Substance hath given to Creatures a natural Appetite which excites the animal appetite for in time of hunger the parts sucking and mutually drawing their nourishment from one another there is made a divulsion and consequently a sense of feeling which giveth them no rest until that appetite be satisfied Being in this condition they take food cut it and grind it with their teeth then they kned or mix it with the help of their Spittle and by the assistance of their Tongue throw it unto the Stomack there to be boyled and converted into a white liquor called Chyle The animal Appetite being satisfied and the breaches repaired which were made by fasting the inferior orifice of the Stomack opens and suffers the Chyle to run into the small guts from whence it is suckt by an infinite number of white Veins called by reason of their whiteness Lacteal which are dispersed through the whole M●sentery and carry the Chyle into two reservoirs or receptacles about the bigness of a Hens Egg situate in the middle of the same Mesentery betwixt the two productions of the Diaphragm and couched all along the Vertebraes of the Loins from these reservoirs do arise two Ducts or Channels called Thoracick because of their Situation or Chyleducts because of their use the one is upon the right side and the other upon the left and are about the bigness of a large writing Quill they lye all along the great Artery which is couched upon the body of the Vertebraes of the Back and ascending to the Sub-clavian Veins there suffer the Chyle to mix with the blood which comes from the brain to be according to the order of Circulation thrown into the right Ventricle of the heart to be there changed into blood from whence it is again driven into the lungs through the Pulmonary Artery when the Heart compresses it self from the lungs it is carried to the left Ventricle by

Body and is originally occasion'd not by the acid and frequently malignant Corruption of all the Humours but by the Poyson that infects the principal Humour or the Blood and therefore the malignity of the Humours is only the effect of the Poyson that causes the disorders in the Blood The radical and methodical Cure of this Distemper is perform'd by removing the cause of it that is by purifying and sweetning the Blood in order to which I shall propose several Remedies Van Helmont says that the French Pox had its Original from the Farcin in Horses and 't is generally agreed that in the Cure of that Distemper the Malignity of its Poison must be destroy'd and the Blood afterwards purify'd and rectify'd after which all the Symptoms disappear The same may be apply'd to the Farcin When the Farcin is inveterate or of long continuance the Blood being utterly corrupted by the Poison that is lodg'd in it acquires so virulent an Acrimony that it ulcerates the Lungs or the Liver by its excessive Heat and Malignity For when the Blood returns from the Brain according to the establish'd Laws of its Circulation to the Right Ventricle of the Heart it passes from thence by the Vena Arteriosa to the Lungs which consisting of a spongy foul and moist Substance are heated by the sharp Spirits contain'd in the deprav'd Blood This preternatural Heat occasions a Corruption of the weakest Parts and afterwards an Ulcer which at last destroys and consumes the whole Substance of the Lungs You may be easily convinc'd of the Truth of this Hypothesis by opening the Body of a Horse whose Death is occasion'd by an inveterate Farcin for you will find the Lungs wholly putrefy'd and full of Ulcers caus'd by the hot and corrupt Blood which also vitiates and ulcerates the Liver 'T is plain then that the Cure depends chiefly on the Cooling of the Blood and the utter Destruction of that Poison which causes the Farcin and all its loathsome Symptoms For a brief Explanation of the Nature of that Poison 't will be sufficient to tell you that 't is a venomous Steam or certain corrupt Spirits which penetrate the Parts of a Horse's Body as the Light of the Sun passes thro' a Glass These Spirits are a sort of Ferment that breeds Corruption in whatsoever part they attack And 't is to be observ'd that this Poison can never be destroy'd by purgative Medicines without the Use of Specifics This Disease is sometimes communicated by Contagion from an infected Horse 't is also occasion'd by eating too great a quantity of especially new Oats or new Hay before 't is purg'd by evaporating its superfluous Moisture which usually happens about two Months after 't is put up in Stacks or in a Barn Violent Exercise in hot Weather and even once hard Riding Hurts or Wounds made with a foul or Cancerous Iron-Instrument such as Spurs Bits c. and the too great Abundance of Blood may also cause this Distemper It proceeds not unfrequently from a preposterous and too hasty Diligence in fattening tyr'd lean and over-heated Horses for too great Abundance of Nourishment breeds the Farcin unless it be prevented by moderate Exercise and often-repeated Bleeding The most dangerous and stubborn Kind of Farcin is that which is accompany'd with a Running at the Nose for assoon as you perceive that Symptom you may conclude that your Horse's Death approaches especially if his Appetite be lost and the Matter that runs out be mixt with Blood The Number of those which escape is so small that all Horses in this Condition may be given over for desperate unless the Running at the Nose proceed from the Strangles and even in that Case the Disease is usually fatal The Cure is very difficult when the Farcin appears first on the hinder Legs near the Pastern or on the Fetlock-Joint and even in the Hough ascending along the Thigh for it is a Sign of the Violence of the Infection and Weakness of the Natural Heat when the Farcin-Knots appear in the extreme Parts of the Body at so great a distance from the Heart even as the Gout is more troublesome when it makes its first Attack near the Toe or Ankle-Bone than when it begins nearer the Heart When the Knots cannot be brought to Suppuration but instead of Matter thrust forth a piece of reddish brown Flesh which grows very fast and can neither be extirpated by Burning nor Caustic Ointments the Cure is also very difficult and even impossible without the Help of powerful Remedies to destroy the inward Poison The Farcins that are brought from the Camp are very rarely cur'd because the Blood is wholly corrupted by violent or unseasonable Exercises and by the Defect or Excess of Nourishment which very often is rotten and unwholsome The Farcin that begins to appear during the Increase of the Moon is stubborn and less easily cureable than that which begins in the Wane when the Humours are weaker and less abundant and the same Observation may be apply'd to the Glanders and Quitter-bone The Farcin in the Head is the least dangerous and most easily cur'd of all other Kinds of that Distemper unless when there is a Knot or Kernel between the two Jaw-bones which is usually nourish'd by a certain Flegmatic Matter that comes from the Lungs thro' the Wind-Pipe for these Kernels can hardly be dissolv'd in less than three or four Months and in the mean time the Horse is in danger of falling into the Glanders You may conclude that the Cure will be difficult when the Thighs are much swoll'n when there are hard Knots on the Sheath or when the Swellings break and instead of Matter put forth a piece of blackish Flesh like a Hen's Fundament but the most dangerous and hardly curable Kind of Farcin is when the Horse is naturally of a squeamish and tender Stomach for 't is impossible to give him the Remedies that are necessary for the Cure without destroying his Appetite When the Knot that appears first is heal'd the Horse is usually in a way of Recovery tho' at the same time there be several other Knots in his Body But this is not an infallible Rule The Farcin is call'd by the Italians Verme and by the Germans Wurme because it seems to gnaw and bite between the Flesh and Skin as Worms gnaw the Bark of a Tree It may be easily known by the Knots and Cords that run along the Veins and are spread over the whole Body 'T is also discover'd by Tumours and Ulcers and assoon as you perceive an ulceratted Swelling in the Emunctories which are Kernels situated between the Jaws and the Neck and on the Breast and Thighs near the Cods and design'd by Nature to receive the Impurities of the Body and the Defluxions that fall upon those Parts you may conclude that your Horse is troubl'd with the Farcin which is more or less dangerous according to the degrees of the Ulceration and the sticking of the Kernels to the

maketh them sweat much so that if a man had any extraordinary labour to put them to they would become Pursy but this eating of their litter is very easily prevented The second Maxim is That for every horse which is fat and resting at home that is which either works and travels not at all or but very little new threshed wheat straw is better for him than hay because his wind is better preserved by it it alters not his flank and also the fat and flesh which it produceth is alwayes more firm then that of hay as likewise as people say more dureable conforme to the French proverb Cheval de paille Cheval de bataille Which I English thus A horse that 's fed with straw of Wheat Is firm in flesh and fit for Feat In fine a horse fed only with Wheat●straw and Oats may be kept at rest in the stable a full year without spoiling whereas if he had eat hay he would appear old and become very dull and heavy in the space of three months But some persons who have only one horse will perhaps say that they shall prevent his resting so much and remaining so long in the stable without doeing any thing but if he be hurt or become lame they will be necessitate to do it and those who have great stables of horses know very well that when they have been much travelled especialy at the close of a Campaigne where they have been extremely fatigued there is a necessity to give them rest and that for a considerable time that so they may recover Horses which are Light-bellyed and have not their flanks altered agree better with the eating of Hay than straw also they are excepted out of the proceeding Rule because the hay cause them to drink lustily and the abundance of water tempers and qualifies that heat which dryed them up and hindered them to take a Belly yet Hay considered as Hay would seem more fit and proper to take away a horse's Belly than give him one because by its naturall heat it should do him more prejudice than straw which is not so fiery but as it obliges horses to drink much by reason of it's being charged with a nitrous Salt which provokes thirst the quantity of drink extinguishes it's fiery and heating quality how great soever and so the horse which is no more consumed by that fire which contracted his Belly is put in a condition to have it enlarged therefore a man should make no difficulty to give hay to such kind of horses and every lean horse which eateth heartily and drinketh lustily and proportionably to what he eateth will be very soon fat and full flanked For horses which are very lean a man will not very suddenly fatten them with Straw therefore Hay is much more proper for them if their flanks be not altered for if they have the least inclination to Pursyness hay is nought for them because of the reasons I shall hereafter give you in the second part when I discourse of horses which is broken-winded or Pursy and although people very justly say that such a horse hath his flank altered because he hath a little feeling or touch of Pursyness yet you must not imagine That that alteration proceeds from heat because heat is nothing but an accident of Pursyness and its essentiall cause flows from a cold principle which is heavy slow and Viscuous phlegm that not only obstructs and stops the conduits of respiration but also those passages through which the blood runs for refreshing and nourishing the Lungs in the time of its perpetuall circulation but the accidental heat proceeds from this that betwixt the Pulmonary artery and Vein there is in the Parenchyma or bloody and fistolous substance of the Lungs Anastomoses or passages from the Veins to the Arteries which being many times obstructed do occasion that accidental heat in the Lungs by reason of the heat which is communicated to them from the Heart Horses which are inclined to be charged with flesh in their necks or to become Thick-necked should not eat too much wheat straw because it will increase their fleshyness as experience will teach you but unless it be in these few exceptions our Maxim holds alwayes good Excepting also Spanish horses which as they grow old become smaller and thinner Necked contrary to all other horses and I am also of opinion that a Spanish horse which hath a thick and well turned neck is better than if he had it more slender because his mouth is more certain and firm with it neither will he be so subject to Beat upon the hand or Chack in the Bridle and therefore will consequently have a better Appuy or feeling of the pressure of the Bit upon his Barrs The Wheat-straw in Languidock is most excellent because being tread upon the peoples feet who thresh it it is beat and softned and consequently more appetiz● it is not but that without this Treading it might be cut aboundantly small but 〈◊〉 it could not without a great deal of trouble be made so soft and toothsome 〈◊〉 other way as it is this We are not however wholly to banish Hay and therefore there should alway a small quantity of it be given to horses before Watering to excite their thirst and peo●● find difficulty to maintain some horses in a good case with straw alone with● he help of some hay therefore I think they should alwayes have six or eight po●● weight given them every four and twenty hours unless there be some reasons wh●● oblige a man to give them none at all The third Maxim for the right feeding of horses is Never to suffer them to drink 〈◊〉 cold or sharp water as I have already remarked when I discoursed of what was be observed when horses are upon journey because such kind of water weak●● their stomach engenders crudities and causes obstructions in the Liver it is fro● that also that Collicks and Grips in the belly do commonly proceed cold and sha●● water prevents and retards a horses growing fat which is lean and if he be alr●●● fat will make him the sooner become lean and in a bad condition In a word it 〈◊〉 most unwholsome for him The water of great Rivers is excellent for horses although those indeed whi●● are too rapid are not so very good Spring or Fountain Water is better than th●● of Draw-wells although people are necessitate in many places to make use of this fo● lack of better Water which hath had time to settle or hath been taken a pretty whil● from the Well or Fountain is better than that which is immediatly drawn exce●● in time of an excessive cold in which water which is new drawn hath a kind 〈◊〉 warmness and is therefore more wholesome for horses to drink immediatly than th●● which hath been suffered to cool by being a considerable time drawn before it be made use of I assure you good water contributes to the keeping a horse fat and plump

or humour doth so abound that it qui●●● the stomack and then it becometh prejudicial because it is out of its natural place and so troubles the other digestions by hindering them to perform their functio●● and so to fatten the like is also observed in Birds and Wild-fowl in whom this ●cid juice is so penetrating and so quickly dissolves the grain which they swallow that it is in a very short time digested which would be a thing impossible for the● natural heat to perform alone and without the assistance of this Acid This is al●● confirmed in that we see that Wild-Foul by a natural instinct which the Author 〈◊〉 all things hath imprinted in them do most frequently swallow gravel and 〈◊〉 little stones when they do not find a sufficient quantity of food wherewithal to 〈◊〉 their stomacks that so they may blunt and weaken the sharpness of that humour by the● hard substances and thereby keep it from quitting their stomacks for lack of mat●●● whereupon to work and which would impede the other digestions and make the●● become lean According to the quantity and quality of the Food the disposition of the stomack and abundance or scarcity of this acid humour the abovementioned concoction is sooner or latter finished when it is fully perfected the lower part of the stomack openeth and this white digested matter passeth by degrees all along the gutts which are full of plyes and folds that so they may give time to certain small passages that are in a great number joyned to them and which are called Milky Veins to suck in th●● part of it which is most subtile and best prepared these Veins because of their whi●●ness are called Lacteal and are dispersed through the whole Mesentery carrying in them this white liquor into two receptacles which are about the bigness of a small Egg situate in the middle of the same Mesentery betwixt the two productions of the Diaphragm or Midriff and couched upon the Vertebraes of the Loyns from these Reservoirs or receptacles do proceed two small Canals or Conduits which are calied Thoracick because of their situation and Chy●●ducts because of their use the one 〈◊〉 upon the right side and the other upon the left they are about the bigness of● large Swans quill and are lodged upon the body of the Vertebraes of the back 〈◊〉 along the Great Artery and ascending to the Subclavian-vein do there let the Ch●● mix with the Blood which according to the ordinary course of Circulation is 〈◊〉 ried into the right ventricle of the heart to be there converted into Blood Th● white matter is I say carried by passages which are called Lacteal Veins until th● meet with a Channel called the Aorta which is more large and which extends it s● from the Reins all along the back-bone until it come to the upper part of the bre●● and there it discharges it self into several passages or Branches of the great or holl● Vein at which part this Vein forks and divides it self to distribute the Blood 〈◊〉 the Neck and Shoulders These Conduits or passages were luckily discovered near a hundred and twe●● years agoe by one Bartholomew Eustache a Venetian as he was Anatomizing a ho●●● it is not a small advantage to horses that they should have first contributed to the discovery of a part unknown to the Ancients and which is so necessary and useful for our understanding the true and just dispensation of those humours which pass in or Bodies Amongst the moderns Thomas Bartholin was the first who discovered these Canals in men Olaus Rudbek the first who found them out in Dogs and John Pequet the first who writ of them But there are none of these who ascribe the Glory of th● discovery to its true inventor which nevertheless upon this consideration deserve very well that these Ducts be called Eustachien although in men they are at prese● called Thoracick or Chyliducts but in horses I think they should carry the name of th● Famous Horse-Anatomist The Chyle or this white liquor ascending by these Eustachien Canals discharge it self into the veins and by degrees mixes with the Blood which according to the o● der of Circulation discovered in this Age by Dr. Harvy ane English-man desce●● and is carried to the right Auricle of the heart to be there converted with the 〈◊〉 into Blood from whence it is again driven or forced by the the Systole or compresing motion of the heart to go into the Lungs by help of the Pulmonary Artery from the Lungs it is carried back again to the left Ventricle by the Pulmonary Vein which hath Anastomoses that is Communications with the Pulmonary Artery there it is rectified and perfected and from thence sent to the great Artery from which it runs and is Communicate to all the parts of the Body for their Nourishment where it at last by Anastomoses reenters the veins which through diverse passages bring it again to the heart and by a continual and reiterated circulation performed by many Towrs and Windings it is at last made absolutely perfect with the rest of the Blood so you see that the Blood purifies it self from many useless and Superfluous parts which nature separates and rejects and being thus purified and subtilized furnishes those Spirits which are the first Administrators of Life and the chief and principal instruments of all our Actions There is no probability that this white juice passes all of it through the veins and is wholly converted into Blood which is red because horses are composed of several white parts which require the nutriment of a humour which doth somewhat resemble them so that in that case it would be but labour in vain to turn white matter to red that behoved afterwards to become white for Nature is not accustomed to give her self such unnec●ssary difficulties for example in the production of Milk in Mares which proceeds directly and immediatly from Chyle without having been first Blood as the Ancients believ'd who thought it to be only Blood blanched by vertue of the breasts or Teats and which people have certainly found since that it is not but that milk is immediatly formed of Chyle However whether this be so or not the change of it into Blood and the the perfecting of this conversion passes for the Second concoction The Third concoction which we are to consider is performed in each particular part of the Body which converts the humour that is most conform to it into its proper substance that so it may repair what it loseth every moment and this concoction or digestion is termed Assimilation which is properly what we call Nourishment Each of these Concoctions have their particular excrements these of the first are the Ordour or dung those of the second is the Urine which passeth through the Reins and is carried and conveyed by the Ureters into the Bladder to these People sometimes add the Bile or Gall which is separate from the rest in the Liver

anoint Tents with it It digests and ripens the Matter and asswages the Pain that is caus'd by the Matter or Quittor when 't is generated If you mix Verdigrease and white Vitriol both in fine Powder with this Ointment it will heal a Wound and bring it to a Scar. If the Flesh grow too fast and stop the Hole that shou'd give passage to the Matter or if the Flesh about the Hole be bloody or foamy you must rub the Tents with Aegyptiacum which is an Ointment commonly us'd for the cleansing of Sores 〈…〉 Verdigrease and white Vitriol with the Basilicum If the Hole close up too soon you must open it again with a hot Iron If the Horse void the Humour sufficiently by the Nose you must not disturb Nature by endeavouring to assist her only keep the Horse warm and walk him every Morning and Evening for there is no Danger after the Passage is open'd But if his Nose be obstructed by hard or dry Matter so that he can neither breathe freely nor expel the Humour without Pain you must inject into his Nostrils with a small Syringe a warm Liquor made of equal parts of Aqua-Vitae and Oil-Olive shaken together which will loosen the Flegmatic Humour that stops the Passages and help Nature to throw it out You will find great Benefit by the repeated Use of this easie Remedy If the Matter be evacuated in too small a Quantity and Nature seem to be languid you must endeavour to warm the Horse's Body with Cordial Pills the Cordial Powder or the Electuary of Kermes or you may give him some Doses of the Lieutenant's Powder describ'd in the Second Part Or if none of these Medicines can be had you may give him every Morning half an Ounce of Treacle mix'd with a Pint of Spanish Wine A large Quantity of the Herb Periwinkle chopp'd small and mix'd with moisten'd Bran will make the Horse void the Humour plentifully Afterwards you may put Feathers into his Nose in this manner Take two large Goose-Quills of those that grow in the middle of the Wing anoint 'em with fresh Butter melted in a Plate and assoon as they are cold sprinkle the Ends of 'em with a little Powder of Pepper or of Tabacco then thrust 'em up into the Horse's Nostrils and to keep 'em from falling out tye a strong Thread to the great Ends of the Quills and fasten it to the Halter leaving him in that Posture with a Bit in his Mouth for the space of two hours This must be done two days and on the third you must sprinkle the Ends of the Quills with Powder of white Hellebore continuing after the same manner till all the Matter be evacuated It will be convenient to repeat the use of the Cordial Pills or Powder or the Lieutenant's Powder as often as there shall be occasion or you may use the following Electuary When the Disease is stubborn you must syringe the Horse's Nostrils from time to time The Electuary of Kermes is of excellent Use in this Case and corrects the Corruption and Stench of the Matter CHAP. XI Of the Electuary of Kermes THis Electuary wou'd be in all respects as noble a Remedy for Horses as the Confection Alkermes if instead of the dry Grains of Kermes which are properly nothing else but the Bark Farriers wou'd make use of the true and precious Pith or Pulp enclos'd in 'em which is first a liquid Substance but when it grows ripe is reduc'd without any artificial Preparation to a very red Powder which falls of it self out of the Hole in its Bark or Cover on that Side where it sticks to the Wood or Leaf of a Shrub call'd the Scarlet-Oak on which it grows Assoon as this Powder begins to be animated and to turn to little Worms of the same Colour you must quench it with Juice of Limons rectifi'd and separated from its Phlegm to the Consumption of a fourth part then knead it and make it up into little Troches which must be dry'd Thus prepar'd 't is much better than its Bark which is brought to us from Languedoc Take four Ounces of these Troches if they can be had or if you have only the Grains take a Pound of the freshest and fairest of 'em tho' dry half a Pound of Juniper-Berries ripe and dry Cubebs and Bay-Berries of each six Ounces Roots of Spanish Scorzonera Master-Wort Zedoary Flower-de-luce of Florence and Shavings of Hart's-Horn and Ivory of each four Ounces and a half Elecampane-Roots Bark of Oranges and Citrons dry'd in the shade of each four Ounces Cinnamon half an Ounce Cloves and Nutmeg of each two Drams All the Ingredients must be reduc'd to a fine Powder sears'd and then weigh'd if you take the full Doses of each the weight of all together will amount to three Pounds ten Ounces and two Drams of Powder Then take eleven Pounds of clarifi'd Honey and boil it to half the thickness of a Syrup after which take the Vessel from the Fire and while the Honey is yet hot pour in the Powders by degrees and incorporate 'em throughly together You must suffer the Electuary to ferment two Months in a Pot before you give it to the Horse The Dose is a quarter of Pound in a Quart of White-Wine or two Ounces in a pint of Spanish-Wine It must be Infus'd over Night and next Morning given to the Horse who must stand Bridled two Hours before and as long after ' Tho' this Electuary is compos'd of the same Drugs that are us'd in the preparations of Cordial Powders it will be found to be more effectual because the Fermentation exalts the vertue of its Ingredients and the Honey being impregnated with their Volatil Salt communicates it to the Stomach Lungs and Heart and from thence to all the parts of the Body Thus 't is plain that this Medicine operates more vigorously and quickly than Cordial Powders since 't is prepar'd by the succeeding Fermentation before it enters into the Stomach Avicen makes a long discourse to prove the usefulness of Fermentation which he confirms by the example of Treacle demonstrating that the Fermentation that succeeds the Composition of that Remedy produces a certain Quality and Vertue out of an infinite number of Simples which can only be attributed to the digestion of the Ingredients Ait enim duplicatae esse virtutis Medicinam quae fermentationem sit passa The same effect appears evidently in natural Productions for Must by Fermentation is chang'd to Wine and Water boil'd with Barley and Hops turns to Beer from whence a burning Spirit is drawn And for the same reason Bread would be very unwholsome if it were not leaven'd for 't is only Fermentation that makes it light and agreeable to the Taste The mixture and variety of Ingredients is necessary to produce Fermentation as it appears plainly in Spirit of Wine which never ferments alone but if it be mixt with a little Oil of Turpentine the Particles of the Liquor do immediately ascend

from an Obstruction of the Passages by stagnating and thick flegmatick Humours 'T is to be observ'd that the Lungs consume more Nourishment than any Part of the Body since they are nourish'd only by the purest and most subtil or bilious part of the Blood as it appears evidently from the Consideration of those Animals who are des●●tute of Lungs for they may be almost said to live upon nothing Thus Fishes who have no Lungs are easily fatten'd by a small quantity of Nourishment and even it seems not improbable that the Kidneys were design'd by Nature for the Evacuation of the Impurities of the Lungs for Fishes are equally destitute of both these Parts and usually Horses who are troubl'd some Days with a Flux of Urine are seiz'd with a Cough by reason of the driness of their Lungs I thought fit to insert these Remarks for the Information of those who have lean and wasted Horses for if the Lungs be affected they will hardly ever be able to fatten 'em because that Part will consume a considerable part of the Nourishment which otherwise wou'd have been turn'd to Flesh and besides 't is observ'd that all Pursive Horses stale very much during the Cure because the Impurities of the Lungs are voided that way This is a very true and curious Observation and was never mention'd by any Writer on this Subject or inserted in any Book whether French Italian German or Latin If we consider the Vessels and other spermatical Parts that enter the Composition of the Lungs they will appear to be cold and dry If we take a View of the fleshy soft and spongy Substance of the Lungs they seem to be hot and moist and if we reflect on their Lightness and aptness for Motion we can hardly forbear concluding that they are of a cold and moist Nature The Lungs are divided into several parts call'd Lobes which surround the Heart and especially into two by a double Membrane which in Humane Bodies is call'd the Midriff They are of a spongy Substance easily dilateable which sucks in the Air and expels it again with some smoaky and fuliginous Vapours by the two different Motions of Respiration This Part is fuller of Veins and Arteries than any other Part of the Body which make it so subject to Inflammations and Obstructions as the Humours are either hot and subtil or thick and heavy Pursiveness proceeds from several Causes Thus a slight Obstruction in the Lungs in the Veins or some of the Arteries may cause a shortness of Breath which is cur'd with easie Remedies The same Distemper proceeds usually from some Humours stagnating in the Passages of the Lungs in the Kidneys or in the Arteries for the free Circulation of the Blood being stopt a great quantity of it gathering together in one place presses the Ducts or Passages of Respiration and obstructs the Freedom of Breathing When the Blood is hot and boiling it quickly degenerates into Putrefaction and causes a dangerous Inflammation in that Part which must be allay'd with powerful Coolers This Obstruction is usually caus'd by flegmatick and pituitous Humours and tho' in this Case 't is not attended with such violent Symptoms as are produc'd by the other Causes of this Distemper 't is very stubborn and hardly to be conquer'd by the best Medicines for those slimy and tough Humours cannot easily be loosen'd and separated from the Parts where they stick and therefore the Cure must be attempted with cutting and attenuating Remedies And besides since the Motion of the Blood is obstructed and that Liquor depriv'd of the Advantage of Ventilation this kind of Pursiveness is quickly accompany'd with a sort of Putrefaction and some other Symptoms which seem to proceed from a hot Principle tho' the Cause of the Disease is rarely of that Nature 'T is plain that Pursiveness proceeds from a cold Principle and yet the Symptoms that attend it seem to denote the heat of the Cause tho' it be really of an opposite Nature for this Distemper is usually occasion'd by pituitous Humours and the thick Flegm which stuffs the Passages and causes a difficulty of Respiration This may serve to discover the Error of those who turn out their Pursive Horses to Grass and are usually much surpriz'd when they take 'em up with an intention to confine 'em to dry Feeding to find them shorter-winded then ever for the coldness of the Grass augments the Flegm and makes it thicker and heavier and consequently more apt to obstruct the Motion of the Blood and Air in the Lungs If it be objected that Grass has been sometimes observ'd to relieve Pursive Horses 't is reasonable to suppose that in such a Case there was an Inflammation occasion'd by a redundancy of Blood that might be cool'd and allay'd by the coldness of the Grass which moistening the Lungs might give some ease to the Horse so long as he continu'd to feed on it And after a due Consideration of this Case I am persuaded of the Justness of that General Rule which enjoyns a total abstinence from Grass to all short-winded Horses since the Benefit they receive by that sort of Nourishment lasts no longer than they actually feed on it The most dangerous kind of Pursiveness is that which is occasion'd by hard Riding and violent Labour for sometimes in such cases a Vein is open'd and the Blood falls into the Cavity of the Lungs where it putrefies and turns to Matter which for want of a Passage stagnates about the Lungs and breeds an Ulcer in ' em And the danger is so much the greater because a large Ulcer from what Cause soever it proceeds wastes and consumes the Horse to such a degree that 't is impossible to make him thrive or render him fit for Service This Distemper is usually caus'd by the heat of the Aliments by which the Horse is nourish'd as old Clover too great abundance of Hay and several other kinds of Food and the same Infirmity proceeds for want of Exercise by reason of the Multitude of Flegmatick and Corrupt Humours that are bred in a Horse's Body and in a particular manner affect the Lungs The Watering of a Horse when he is over-heated is apt to make him short-winded When this Distemper is hereditary 't is absolutely incurable for the Horse contains in his Body the Principle of the Defect which can never be corrected or remov'd by the use of Remedies A Natural Weakness of the Lungs which renders 'em susceptible of the corrupt Humours that abound in the Body can never be repair'd by Art and the same may be affirm'd of the irregular Structure or Contexture of that Part as when 't is either too narrow or fasten'd to the Sides This Distemper is curable in the beginning especially in young Horses if it be not accompany'd with a Cough Purgative Remedies are of little use in this Distemper since the Flegmatick Humours from which it usually proceeds can never be evacuated by these Medicines and the only

these Humours is more subtil and penetrating the Nerves obstructs their Motion and occasions Pain whereas the Humour from whence this Distemper proceeds takes its Course thro' ways unknown to us without causing those Disturbances that are observ'd in the other Case And perhaps I may venture to say that the Cause is the same tho' the Effects be different according to the various degrees of the Acrimony of the Salt of which these Spirits are full In order to the Cure of this Distemper you must endeavour by all means to strengthen the Sole about the Toe for Nature may perhaps in time dissolve the Crescent And to assist her in the Execution of that Work 't will be convenient to pour a sufficient quantity of the finest Oil of Bay into the Foot without paring it or cutting the Sole after which you must stop the Foot with Flax and lay Splents over all At the same time anoint the Cronet especially about the Toe with the same Oil covering it with Flax and a convenient Bandage Note That the Oil must be apply'd cold to the Cronet and pour'd boiling-hot into the Foot After you have contiunu'd for some time in the Use of this Method without any considerable Sign of Amendment if the the Horse be still very lean you must take out the Sole and if you find the point of the Bone of the Foot separated from the Hoof with an empty Space between 'em you must burn all that part of the Bone that seems to be separated both above and below to hasten its falling away Then apply Aegyptiacum to the burnt Bone and charge the whole Sole with a Mixture of Turpentine Honey and Tarr melted together Continue to dress the Bone with Aegyptiacum or Schmit's Ointment till it fall out after which dress the part of the Bone from which the Piece that fell away was separated with Monsieur Curty's Ointment apply'd cold or only with Flax dipt in Brandy renewing the Application every two Days which will make the Flesh grow again and cover the Bone After which the Sole will grow again also To promote the Growth of the Sole and make it firm and vigorous you may observe the Directions in the LXXXIXth Chapter Concerning the Method of taking out the Sole Assoon as you perceive that the Sole is grown strong you may begin to walk your Horse on soft Ground and by degrees accustom him to travel If by looking into the Foot you perceive that the Crescent is not great and have reason to conclude that the Disease is not very dangerous you ought not to take out the Sole without Necessity but rather endeavour to strengthen it by pouring boiling Oil of Bay into the Foot as I order'd before and continuing after the same manner till the Cure be compleated This may be justly reckon'd a dangerous Distemper the Cure is long and difficult and very frequently the Horse continues lame for the space of a Year and longer Several Farriers confound this Infirmity with Surbating and other Diseases in the Feet But the Easiness of the Cure in these Cases ought to convince 'em of their Errour The END of the FIRST PART A TABLE OF THE DISEASES A. ANticor page 212 Appetite lost 8 12 Arrests 287 Attaint 109 B. BAck swoll'n or hurt 173 Sway'd 261 Barbs 6 Biting of a mad Dog 179. Of a venomous Beast 181 Bleeding 54 167 Bleymes 153 Bones broken 85 Bots. 257 Breath short 181 Burstenness 266 C. Chest-Foundering 197 Chops 289 Clefts ibid. Cods swoll'n 265 Cold 22. with a Cough 23. with a Beating in the Flank 24 Colic 59. First Kind 60. Second 62. Third 64. Fourth 66. Fifth 69. Sixth 74 Cough 192 195 Cramp 277 Crepances 297 Cronet swoll'n 150 Crown-Scab 155 Curb 283 D. DIseases of Horses in general 1 Biting of a mad Dog 179 E. EYes their Diseases 42. Rheums 44. Blows or Stroaks 46. White Films 48. Lunatic or Moon-Eyes 49. Haw 51 F. FArcin 224 227 229 230 231 234 235 236 237 238. How to fatten a Horse 209 Feet surbated Feet 125. decay'd and wasted 158 Fevers 216. Simple 217 219. Putrid 217 220. Pestilential 217 221. Causes and Signs 218 Fiery-Evil 39 Figs. 134 Fire how to give 283 Flanks 185 186 Flux 268 270 Foundering 247. In the Feet 252 Fret see Colic Frush scabbed 154. Fleshy Excrescencies 156 Fundament fall'n down 271 G. GAngrene 166 Glanders 28 31 33 35 Gripes see Colic H. HAemorrhagy 54 Hair falling off 242 Halter-cast 296 Head its Diseases 37 38 40 Heels narrow 130. scabbed 154 Hide-bound 207 Hips strain'd 78. Hipshot 263 Hoof-cast 151 Houghs strain'd hurt or swoll'n 272 Hough bony 277 Hungry-Evil 297 I. JArdon 280 Impostume in the Feet 149 Itch. 253 Blood-running Itch. 241 K. KErnels to ripen 22 To dissolve 32 L. LAmpas 6 Lask or Looseness 268 Leanness 207 Legs broken 85. Stiff tyr'd decay'd 86 106. Swell'd gourdy 87 89. Old Swellings 91. Stiff and tyr'd 93. Spoil'd by travelling 94. Sores and Swellings in the Legs 287 291 Lungs obstructed 199 M. MAdness 179 Malenders 95 Mange 157 242 253. In the Tail 257 Molten Grease 243 Morfounding 22 Mules 288 N. NUmness of the Hoof. 298 O. OVer-Reach 109 P. PAins 289 Palpitation of the Heart 214 Palsie in Jaw 56 Pastern-Joint strain'd or dislocated 103. Swell'd or gourded 107 Hurt or wounded 177 Pissing of Blood 72 Pricks in the Foot 137 139 Pursiveness 181 185 187 189 190 Q. QUarter false 127 Quitter-Bone 116 118 R. RAt-Tails 287 Retreats 137 Rheum 22 Ring-Bone 121 Rupture 266 S. SCab 253 Scratches 110. Simple ibid. Sinewy 111 Selenders 95 Shoulder-wrench Shoulder-pight or Shoulder-splait 76. Strain'd or hurt 77 78 80 83 Signs of Sickness in Horses 5 Sinew-sprain 106. Relax'd or strain'd 273 275. Sole to take out 131 Spanish Evil. 40 Blood-Spavin 282 Bone-Spavin 281 Splents 95 98 Stag's Evil. 56 Stavers 75 Stones drawn into the Body 73. Swoll'n 265. Bruis'd or hard 266 Strangles 15 19 False Strangles 20 String-halt 281 Stubs in the Foot 137 139 Surbating 125 T. TIck 6 Truncheons 257 U. VEin to take up 294 Vives 57 Urine to provoke 68. To stop 71 W. WArts 288 289 Wind short or broken 181 Wind-Galls 98 100 278 Withers wrung or hurt 167 Wolves Teeth 7 Worms 67 257 259 Wounds 159 Y. YEllows 37 AN INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL REMEDIES Describ'd in this PART A. ALoes prepar'd 53 Golden Sulphur of Antimony 208 Arman for a sick Horse 10 B. BUrning Balsam 16 Chewing-Balls 11 Cordial-Balls 25 Green Balsam 146 Basilicum 148 C. CAtholicum for Clysters 224 Liquid Caustic 114 Perpetual Caustic 292 Clysters 24 55 59 63 69 204 215 216 219 221 269 270. Crocus Metallorum 202 Crystal Mineral 241 D. DEcoction of China 236 Decoction of Guaiacum ibid. Lieutenant's Decoction 201 Decoction of Sarsaparilla 237 E. FLectuary of Kermes 17 Emetic Wine 36 Essence of Vipers 61 Eye-Waters 44 45 F. FEbrifuge 220 H. HOney-Charge Red. 81 White Honey-Charge 293 L. LApis Infernalis 292 Lapis Mirabilis 47 Lime-Water 165 M. MErcurius dulcis 233 O. OIl for Clysters 63 Oil of Gabian 145 Oil of Lead 50 Oil de Merveille 145 Purging Oil. 65 Oil of Rue 213 Ointment Aegyptiacum 163 Ointment Baron's 78 Ointment Bartholomew ' s. 148 Ointment Basilicum 16 Ointment of Beetles 98 Ointment Coachman 's 291 Ointment Connestable ' s. 124 Ointment Countess's 150 Ointment Curtis ' s. 147 Ointment Doctor 's 118 Ointment Duke's 90 Ointment Hermit's 165 Ointment Hunter's 175 Ointment Mercurial 294 Ointment of Montpelier 78 Ointment of Naples 231 Ointment Neat-herd's 256 Duke of Newburg 's Ointment 278 Nerve-Ointment 106 Ointment of Oldenburg 291 Ointment Oppodeldoc 83 Ointment of Plantane 124 Ointment of Portugal 230 Schimt 's Ointment 152 Ointment Sicar ' s. 147 Ointment of Worms 99 Orvietan 60 P. PIlls for the Stomach 12 Cinnabar Pills 162 English Pills 197 Stinking Pills 245 Treacle Pills 25 Yellow Pills 190 Plaister of Walnuts 108 Angelic Powder 189 Uuniversal Cordial Powder 24 Cordial Powders 27 Powder for a Cough 193 German Ptisan 235 Purging Medicines 41 52 65 67 213 254 259. R. REmolade of Bohemia 104 Retoirs 102 Rue-water 50 S. SAl Polychrest 205 Sal Prunellae 241 Scammony prepar'd 42 Second Water Sublimate 233 T. TIncture of Sulphur 191 Treacle Diatessaron 72 U. VUlnerary Water 170 Vulnerary Potions 175 Y. YEllow Water 165 FINIS