Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	lung_n	right_a	ventricle_n	2,433	5	12.8369	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90352	New anatomical experiments of John Pecquet of Deip. By which the hitherto unknown receptacle of the chyle, and the transmission from thence to the subclavial veins by the now discovered lacteal chanels of the thorax, is plainly made appear in brutes. As also an anatomical dissertation of the motion of blood and chyle. Together with the further description of the same lacteal chanels newly discovered in the body of man as well as brutes. Being an anatomical historie, publickly propos'd by Thomas Bartoline, Dr. and Reg. Professor both in Physick and Anatomy, to Michael Lysere, answering.	Pecquet, Jean, 1622-1674.; Bartholin, Thomas, 1616-1680. De lacteis thoracicis et vasis lymphaticiis. English.; Lyser, Michael, 1626-1659.	1653 (1653)	Wing P1045; Wing B975; Thomason E1521_1; Thomason E1521_2; ESTC R208578	48,347	178

of the stomack and concocting faculty The smalness of the Coeliack Branches being altogether as I thought unable for so great an effect And rightly I thought it for the Vena porta within the Liver is altogether an Artery For as the Arteries issue their Blood from out their Trunk into their Branches but the Veins return it from their Branches into the Trunk So the Vena porta from its Trunk distributeth Blood to its furthest Branches that are within the Liver which Blood it hath gathered into its Trunk from the Branches it hath without the Concavity of the same And as the Coats of the Arteries are thicker than those of the Veins so the Vena porta hath a thicker skin within the Liver than it hath in its Vessels without the same Neither believe that I depart from ocular inspection when I say that the Coat of the Vena porta is thicker within the Liver for I broke in pieces at leisure all the substance of the Liver of the Beast which I anatomiz'd and laid open the form of the uncloath'd Vena porta The Tunicle whereof without the Liver retain'd the thinness of a Vein but within the Liver did altogether appear to be an Artery So that it did undoubtedly appear which before I did suspect That some of the Vessels of the Blood as the Aorta deserve onely the name of Arteries Others admit onely the name of Veins as the Vena cava And to conclude some are appointed by Nature for both duties such as we have found the Vena porta to be But when I doubted whither so great a current of Blood flowed and believing it had its course unto the Vena cava I tyed I will not say with the Antients the Trunk but the branch thereof where it entreth the gibbosity of the Liver as far from the Liver as I could and then the Blood rushing to the bandage the branch greatly rising betwixt the Ligature and Liver shewed the manifest commerce betwixt the Vena porta and the Vena cava and how appositly the Learnedst English Physician Will Harvey held the motion of the whole Blood to be Circular CHAP. III. That the Blood floweth out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart through the Lungs into the Left Ventricle THis one thing did remain to perfect so great a Circulation to know fully the Passage of the Blood from the Veins through the Heart into the Arteries The evident diversity of Cavities and Turnings for the carrying of the Blood both in Children in the womb and more adult persons did vex my troubled mind Indeed in persons of firm age that oval perforation or rather communication which is sprinkled with Botalus the Inventor's name or if you will that Synanastomosis useth not to remain It is that by which in the Child in the womb the Blood directly from the Vena cava filleth the right Ventricle of the Heart also by the Venal Artery entreth immediately the left Ventricle Neither doth that little Ductus remain Pervious but degenerateth into a Ligament by which the Aorta of the Child in the womb receiveth the Blood through the Arterial vein the shortest way from the right Ventricle without any turning into the left Then at last that the commerce of the Heart with the Entrances of the Vena cava might be discovered with the famousest Anatomists I considered the structure of the substance of this Noble-intrail and in the first place the three doors of the three-corner'd Valves situate betwixt the joyning of the Vena cava to the right Ventricle of the Heart offered themselves to view I was willing to take notice of their office which was to give easy entrance to the Blood into the Heart but stopt its return into the Vena cava The impervious solidity of the Septi or Partition of the Heart which lyeth betwixt the Ventricles denied it altogether a passage Therefore I inferr'd the Blood issueth out of the right Ventricle into the Arterial vein And indeed in that place the three Sigmatoidal or S-like Valves give place to it rushing forwards but withstand its return Nevertheless having burst asunder the partition I viewed the left Ventricle It differed from the right in that it was of a more oblong and narrower hollowness Into two Entrances of it two Canales were inserted on this side that which they name the Arteria Venosa on the other side the Aorta was placed at the boundings of both were placed Valves This the Aorta or great Artery had as in the Arteria Venosa three sigmatoidal Valves to give way to the Blood thrust out and to stop its return That the Arteria Venosa had two Miter-like Valves that kept Centry to give Entrance to the Blood into the Heart and to stop its flight from thence By reason of this fabrick and fashion of the Heart and the offices of its Instruments I could not any more approve their denying the flowing of the Blood from the Heart into the Lungs by the Arterial Vein and again its return from the Lungs into the Heart by the Venal Artery And lest some perverse people should charge me onely with suppositions behold I produce an Experiment I bound with a Ligature both the Vessels as near the Lungs as was possible and then the Arterial Vein in its body was dilated betwixt the Heart and Ligature beyond the same Ligature towards its furthest Branches in the Lungs it became flaccid But the Ductresses of the Venal Artery altogether in a contrary effect did swell and fall But seeing indeed our speech is fallen on the two Veins of the Lungs the Anatomists have with unfit tearms in my judgement named them For what mattereth it if with the subtil des Cartes I call that onely an Artery through which the right Ventricle disburthens it self into the Lungs seeing both the thickness of its Coat the figure of its Valves and the office of its Pipe receiving Blood from the Heart do altogether assimulate it to the rest of the bodies of Arteries And why I pray you entitle they that an Arterial Vein through which the Lungs disgorge their purple streams into the Heart seeing the testimony of its Coats Valves and Office assert it a Vein Notwithstanding name them as they will 't is all one to me so they be known But a demonstrative truth in this matter should not have sacrificed it self to Hippocrates his opinion CHAP. IV. The Circulation of the Blood in the Child in the Womb. THat which we have already shewn concerning the Circulation of the Blood I would have thee Reader to understand it chiefly of grown persons Not to deny its Circulation in Children in the womb but that in them the Circular motion differeth a little in its passages By the Hypogastrick Arteries the Blood is carried into the womb of the Woman with Child the Umbilical Vein carrieth that part of it which is best concoct into the Liver of the Embryon but that which is more serous and unconcoct returneth by

the Maternal Veins unto the Heart as its Pot whilst the thicker groweth together into the Placenta or Lump as into the wombs Liver The Vena cava thrusteth the Blood receiv'd into the Embryons Liver from thence into the right Ventricle of the Heart where it joyns with it and so into the left Ventricle thereof by the then open Oval-passages The Blood going out of the right Ventricle into the Arterial Vein partly by an interjected little Pipe as it were by a sloping Canale it floweth freely into the Aorta Partly a good quantity possessing the Lungs oppresseth them with so great weight in respect of want of breathing for the hard passage from the furthest branches of the Arterial Vein into the Venal Artery that the Lungs of the Child in the womb if it did not breath sometimes representing both the colour and density of the Liver would never swim above water Certes Respiration stirreth up the Blood in the Venal Artery The Bronchia Canales of the Wind-pipe by their breathing dilatation pressing together their fellows on the one part the Arterial Vein and on the other part the Venal Artery to press out the contained Blood so far as the Valves will suffer The Blood of the left Ventricle immediately penetrateth into the Aorta and from thence rushing to the furthest parts of the body returneth by the Veins to the Heart as hath been shewn in Adult persons And because the Umbilick Vein emitteth more Blood than the nourishment of the Child requireth the Providence of Nature hath branched out a pair of Branches the Consorts of the Umbilick Vein either of them from the Iliack or which I have most frequently observ'd from the Hypogastriack Arteries even unto the Placenta They refound the Blood that is more than nourisheth the Child into the Liver of the womb whether this be requir'd by the celerity of the motion or whether the impure mass of the Mothers blood requires a better digestion by the mixture of a warmer But lest I should seem to have found out this reflux by vain Arguments put I pray thee a straw into the Umbilick Vessels that belong to the Placenta or Lump then blow thou and the Vein alone will carry the wind into the Child But on the contrary if thou blow by the Reed into the Child the Arteries will carry the wind into the Lump the Veins remaining altogether flaccid At last the Umbilical Vein by degrees becoming unprofitable degenerateth into a Ligament by the same chance the Canale of the Arterial Vein going into the Aorta evanisheth and the Botalian perforation is filled but the Umbilick Arteries nevertheless remain I have many times observ'd it in cutting up of Adult persons viz. the wind blown into the Hypograstriack and Iliack Arteries did not onely shew the Umbilicals near the Navil by the small tumor it did raise but entring their infinite Branches on every side by them its empty tumor declar'd the many branchings of the Artery in that place CHAP. V. That the Arterious Blood is partly by Synanastomosies poured out of the Arteries into the Veins partly being extravasated by the Anastomosies of the Arteries returneth again into the Veins HAving demonstrated the Circulation of the Blood to and out of the Heart 't is fitting that according to the example of those that are well deservers of the Anatomick Commonwealth we search out with an inquest resembling the former its passages from the Arteries into the Veins Many are of opinion that the furthest points of the Arteries are inserted into as small parts of the Veins but the smalness of the points of the minute Vessels not to be discerned by any eyes though arm'd with Spectacles doth not confirm doth not confute this opinion They aver also that wind blown into the roots of the Vena porta within the Liver doth enter the conjoyn'd Branches of the Vena cava and that it doth insinuate it self from the Trunk of the Arterial Vein into the Lungs and furthest Branches of the Venal Artery I have many times tryed it in the Liver but the Experiment ever failed I doubt whether more by defect of breath in me or errour in them In the Lungs indeed I have found that the common passage of the Synanastomosies of the same Pipes were open One day it was my business to view the Arterial Vein being made bare of all its Cloathing I did observe it not with a few knots of Embracements to stick fast to the Venal Artery Putting a Reed into it in that place where 't is insert into the Heart I blew presently the spreading breath did raise the bloodless Canals and being roll'd to the ends of the Capillar Veins was received into the hollowness of the Venal Artery which is indeed an evident token of their Synanastomosie But though it held in the Lungs yet nevertheless I will not conclude it holds so in the Liver or Muscles Indeed I will confess that by the intermediate openings of the Synanastomosies that the Blood may be turned out of one Vessel into another seeing the individible coherence of the Veins with the Arteries in some places proves this and their not easy separation without tearing of both But I believe he admitteth absurdly this Synanastomosis where the Veins have no coherence with the Arteries yea rather I would believe that a part of the Blood by the Anastomosies without the inclosures of the Arteries doth abound to be strain'd in the flesh that that of it which is more exactly concoct may turn to nourishment in the simular parts But that which is not well digested may return into the Veins which perchance in all places without have entrances to their most inward places For if the perpetual Flux of the Blood within the Vessels casteth forth no Blood without the Vessels whence proceeds the increase of the bodies bulk And if the substance of the parts of the body be in perpetual motion from whence I pray you will proceed the restorement of the tabid leanness of withered bodies There is indeed some seedy substance in the Blood fit for the restoring of the decayings of the parts viz. That which being more concoct useth to unite it self into a fibrous thickness And indeed the Blood drawn from the Limbs into hot water doth spread its serosity and colour in the water when in the bottome of the bason there remaineth a fleshy thickness of membranous dregs compos'd of white fibers and therefore more fit for the solidity of the body to wit that which either remained after the satisfying of the parts or was melted by the washing vigour may be of the following Blood or was transvasated by the short passages of the Synanastomosies and did hasten to be recocted in the Pot of the Heart And lest any should confound the Offices of Synanastomosies and Anastomosies by reason of the likeness of the words I call Synanastomosies the intermediate opennesses of the Arteries cohering to Veins for the carrying of the Blood out of one Vessel into

exactly set down in the third Book and fourth Chapter of his Encheiridion There is no such effluxion except the Pleura be burst and the Lungs excoriate viz. if either before the Pleurisy they stuck to the Ribs or whiles the inflammation begins to increase the Lungs sticking to the Pleura both by the Glew of the Viscous humour swearing out by the Phlegmones heat and by the smallness of the motion hindred by the pain and tumor they are joyn'd together For the Phlegmone then touching both the Membranes Infects both together with rottenness turning into an Ulcer Whence it comes to pass that the Matter rushing into the Lungs is either thrown out by the Wind-pipe in Spittel or is carried by the Venal Artery into the left Ventricle of the Heart and thence going into the Aorta it goes through the Reins and is avoyded with the Urine What say you if there be no Contiguity of Membranes the Pleura nevertheless will burst will the Atter remain in the bottome of the Breast It will altogether remain even to the undoing of the party except by the quickly opening of the Empyema you empty it of this Purulent burthen But I return to Respiration in which whilst the Pulmons are dilated they also press the Midriff downward and the Liver which then plays the part of a Pistil acting by the weight of its bulk beating by intervals doth not onely compell the Chyle to depart out of the Stomack through the Pylore into the Guts but also distends their little Pores and thence thrusts into the Lacteal Veins the most subtil substance of the Aliment So Children gripe with their hands an Ele-skin full of water and through the little holes with the small point of a Needle made therein every where by pressing it they cause the water to spring forth into many small streams But because our speech is arrived at the depression of the Diaphragm it will not be besides our purpose to declare all I have observed conterning its Motion OF THE MOTION OF THE DIAPHRAGM VVHilst the Lungs draw in the Air by little and little swelling at that middle of the Diaphragm where it is tyed to the back they drive downward the descending fibers of this middle which in the Circumference indeed are fleshy but membranous in the Center and by their palpitation compress the inferiour places of the Stomack hanging under together with the Liver But indeed the other middle where the Diaphragm is plac'd under both the Breast-bone and Cartilages of the Bastard Ribs and doth unfold the membranous Fibers of its Center and lifteth up obliquely its fleshy Fibers of the Circumference together with the fore-region of the Breast So that whilst the hinder parts of the Diaphragm are depress'd at the same almost moment the former parts are lifted up with a vehement striving indeed Neither believe thou that those Muscles in Breast and Belly which they call the Muscles of Respiration do any way assist this motion for they being quite cut away even till the Cartilages of the Breast-bone be discovered the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm being preserv'd and the den of the inferiour Belly being laid open nevertheless the Creature doth breath as much as if these Muscles were not wounded at all And these are the Motions which I have observ'd in Aspiration drawing in the Breath but in Expiration both the fore-parts of the Diaphragm together with the Breast-bone do fall and the hinder-parts together with Liver and Stomack doth rise and then the Diaphragm is drawn in wrinkles by its Fibers both in its membranous Center and fleshy Circumference Before I finish my speech of the Diaphragm I would have you take notice of this one thing That those fleshy productions of the Diaphragm above the Loyns as it were Appendicles do lurk under the Receptacle of the Chyle so that they cannot be distended but together with them distending the Receptacle it self they compell it to issue out the Chyle it contains and these are enough of the Diaphragm We will answer the Objections brought against our Opinion asserting That Respiration is the sole inciter of the Chyle into the Lacteal Veins THE OBJECTIONS AGAINST RESPIRATION Answered VVHy therefore sayst thou should not Respiration of it self blind thrust into the Lacteals digested with undigested with pure seculent Except Reader I were resolv'd of Common Opinions onely to admit that which is voyc'd by the testimony of Experience I would answer Seeing the Lacteal Veins do not immediatly receive the Chyle from the Stomack for it hath no Lacteals that Concoction is perfected before it comes from the Stomack and for that whatsoever Aliment descends into the Guts most ready prepared that Chyle should be expressed out thereof it cannot become raw by the mixture of any undigested substance But because many times not a few things do rush down out of the Stomach towards the Fundament or Bladder before the finishing of requisite Concoction neither is there any patent way betwixt the Stomack and Bladder but that of the Lacteals I am my self compell'd to confess that many times even Crude Aliments do descend from the Stomack And indeed presently after the immoderate drinking of Wine a man in Cups shall make water neither doth that limpider Urine which he maketh receive any tast or tincture Hence I reason that it hath not flowed through the Mass of Blood from which it should have received something of either The stay of Urine in the Body made of Mineral waters is most short The Urine within a quarter of an hour after the taking of Asparagus receives its swell and colour Yea the Juice press'd out of the Indian Figs makes the Urine become Purple Therefore I I say believe that before the Concoction be finish'd these Liquors hast to the Bladder by the passage of the Chyle the Pylore admitting them either for the urging over-fulness or for the opening force of these Diuretick Liquors or for some other reason Neither object the Vas breve that its postern doth empty these superfluities in the Milt and from thence spread in the Liver are gathered again that they may ascend to the Heart and afterwards being thrust into the Arteries at last are thrown headlong by the Emulgents into the Reins For both the shortness of time doth not agree to so great a Circuit and they through so many errours and mixture of humours should not onely receive a tincture but which is against our daily experience should be sharpned with saltness But if thou shouldst suspect unperceivable passages from the Stomake towards the Reins suffer thy self Reader not to believe such passages till with their grown greatness they leave of to evanish out of thy sight I would rather believe that these Liquors flow out of the Stomack by the Pylorus and that they are thrust out of the Guts through the Lacteals unto the Receptacle of the Chyle discovered by us under the Mesentery and from thence partly by the Chylous passage of the Breast do flow