Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	lung_n	right_a	ventricle_n	2,433	5	12.8369	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64096	Orang-outang, sive, Homo sylvestris, or, The anatomy of a pygmie compared with that of a monkey, an ape, and a man to which is added, A philological essay concerning the pygmies, the cynocephali, the satyrs and sphinges of the ancients : wherein it will appear that they are all either apes or monkeys, and not men, as formerly pretended / by Edward Tyson ...	Tyson, Edward, 1650-1708.; Gucht, Michael van der, 1660-1725.	1699 (1699)	Wing T3598; ESTC R185850	159,017	232

The Lungs J. The Cone of the Heart K. The right Ventricle of the Heart here opened so that part of the Polypus contained there came in view L. Part of the Pericardium on the Basis or upper part of the Heart M. M. The Thymus lying on the Pericardium N. The Mediastinum freed from the Sternum and turn'd to the right side O. O. The two Subclavian Arteries P. The Carotid Arteries The eleventh Figure Shews the Polypus or Coagulated Blood found in the left Venticle of the Heart A. THAT part contained in the Ventricle B. Three Impressions formed by the Semilunary Valves C. That part that lay in the Aorta D. That part that passed into the descending Trunk of the Aorta E. Those Ramuli of it that lay in the ascendent Branches of the Aorta The twelfth Figure The Polypus found in the right Ventricle of the Heart A. THAT part contained in the Ventricle B. The Impressions made by the Valvulae sigmoides C. The Branches leading to the right and left Lobes of the Lungs The thirteenth Figure Represents the Basis of the Brain with the Medulla Oblongata and the Nerves and Arteries cut off A. A. THE two anterior or fore Lobes of the Brain B. B. The two posterior or hinder Lobes of the Brain a.a. Two depressions in the fore Lobes caused by the rising of the Frontal bone that composes the upper part of the Orbit of the Eye which in this Animal and in Monkeys is more eminent than in Man b. b. The division of the right and left Hemisphere of the Brain where the Palx is placed This fore-part of the Brain in this Animal appeared somewhat flatter than in Man C. C. The Cerebellum D. The Principium Medullae Spinalis or that part of the Caudex Medullaris where the Corpora Pyramidalia and Olivaria are placed as in an Humane Brain E. E. The Protuberantia Annularis or Pons Verolij e. e. The Carotid Arteries f. f. The Vertebral Arteries g. The Cervical Arterie h. The Communicant Branches between the Cervical and Carotid Arteries j. A small Arterie descending down the Spinal Marrow k. The Infundibulum l. l. The Glandulae duae albae pone Infundibulum or rather two Medullary Protuberances there m. m. Parts of the Crura Medullae Oblongatae before they unite under the Pons Verolij or Annular Protuberance 1. The Olfactory or first pair of Nerves 2. The Optick or second pair of Nerves 3. The Nervi Oculorum motorij or third pair of Nerves 4. The Pathetick or fourth pair of Nerves 5. The fifth pair of Nerves 6. The sixth pair of Nerves 7. The Auditory or seventh pair of Nerves 8. The Par Vagum or eighth pair of Nerves 9. The ninth pair of Nerves 10. The tenth pair of Nerves which may be reckoned rather the first pair of the Neck ** The Nervus accessorius that goes to the eighth pair or Par Vagum The fourteenth Figure Represents the inward Parts of the Brain as divided by an Horizontal Section where the Basis of the Brain is reflected upwards A. A. PArts of the hinder Lobes of the Brain B. B. The upper part of the Brain next it's Hemispheres divided from the lower C. C. The lower part next the Basis reflected or turned up a. a. The Cortical or Cinericious part of the Brain which is Glandulous b. b. The Medullary part that runs up between the Cortical and is Nervous D. The Corpus Transversale E. The Fornix e. e. The Crura Fornicis f. The two Roots of the Fornix A PHILOLOGICAL ESSAY Concerning the PYGMIES THE CYNOCEPHALI THE SATYRS and SPHINGES OF THE ANCIENTS Wherein it will appear that they were all either APES or MONKEYS and not MEN as formerly pretended By Edward Tyson M. D. A Philological Essay Concerning the PYGMIES OF THE ANCIENTS HAVING had the Opportunity of Dissecting this remarkable Creature which not only in the outward shape of the Body but likewise in the structure of many of the Inward Parts so nearly resembles a Man as plainly appears by the Anatomy I have here given of it it suggested the Thought to me whether this sort of Animal might not give the Foundation to the Stories of the Pygmies and astord an occasion not only to the Poets but Historians too of inventing the many Fables and wonderful and merry Relations that are transmitted down to us concerning them I must consess I could never before entertain any other Opinion about them but that the whole was a Fiction and as the first Account we have of them was from a Poet so that they were only a Creature of the Brain produced by a warm and wanton Imagination and that they never had any Existence or Habitation elsewhere In this Opinion I was the more confirmed because the most diligent Enquiries of late into all the Parts of the inhabited World could never discover any such Puny diminutive Race of Mankind That they should be totally destroyed by the Cranes their Enemies and not a Straggler here and there left remaining was a Fate that even those Animals that are constantly preyed upon by others never undergo Nothing therefore appeared to me more Fabulous and Romantick than their History and the Relations about them that Antiquity has delivered to us And not only Strabo of old but our greatest Men of Learning of late have wholly exploded them as a meer sigment invented only to amus●● and divert the Reader with the Comical Narration of their Atchievements believing that there were never any such Creatures in Nature This Opinion had so fully obtained with me that I never thought it worth the Enquiry how they came to invent such Extravagant Stories Nor should I now but upon the Occasion of Dissecting this Animal For observing that 't is call'd even to this day in the Indian or Malabar Language Orang-Outang i.e. a Man of the Woods or Wild-men and being brought from Africa that part of the World where the Pygmies are said to inhabit and it 's present Stature likewise tallying so well with that of the Pygmies of the Ancients these Considerations put me upon the search to inform my self farther about them and to examine whether I could meet with any thing that might illustrate their History For I thought it strange that if the whole was but a meer Fiction that so many succeeding Generations should be so fond of preserving a Story that had no Foundation at all in Nature and that the Ancients should trouble themselves so much about them If therefore I can make out in this Essay that there were such Animals as Pygmies and that they were not a Race of Men but Apes and can discover the Authors who have forged all or most of the idle Stories concerning them and shew how the Cheat in after Ages has been carried on by embalming the Bodies of Apes then exposing them for the Men of the Country from whence they brought them if I can do this I shall think my time not wholly lost nor the trouble altogether

administrandis Dissectionibus mihi memoria non exciderit quo inquit quintum hunc Pulmonis Lobum eos non latêre qui recte sectionem administrant innuens Herophilo Marino ejusmodi Lobum fuisse incognitum uti sanè fuit cùm illi Hominum Cadavera non autem cum ipso simiarum ac Canum duntaxat aggrederentur in quibus praesenti Lobo nihil est manifestius Tho Galen be herein mistaken Vesalius certainly is too severe in his Censure in charging him that he never dissected any thing but Apes and Dogs for the contrary evidently appears in abundance of Instances that might be produced And one would think he had not dissected Apes and Monkeys in making but five Lobes in their Lungs whereas in either there are more In what he argues that this fifth Lobe in a Man could not lie upon the Vena Cava because in a Man the Pericardium is fastened to the Diaphragm and the Vana Cava enters there and so immediately passes to the Heart this is true and the same I observed in our Paymie So that in the formation of this Part our Pygmie exactly resembles a Man and is different from both the Mankey and Ape kind The former we have seen as to the latter Drelincourt tells us in the Male Ape Pulmo dexter quadrifidus Lobus insimus omnium crassissimus superior minùs crassus intermedius reapsè medius silu magnitudine Quarius demùm crenam insculptam habet quâ parte Cavae fulcrum praebet Pulmo sinister bisidus Lobus ejus superior bifurcatus So in the Female Ape Lobi Pulmonis dextri totalitèr divisi IV quorum superior bisidus totus adeo ut sint quinque in eâ parte siuister Pulmo bisidus totus Lobus superior ultrà dimidium sui divisus The Trachaea or wind-pipe in our Pygmie was altogether the same as in a Man consisting of a regular order of Cartilaginous Annuali which were not perfectly continued round but towards the Spine were joyned by a strong Membrane Drelincourt saith of it Trachaeae annuli se habent uti Intestinourm spirae nervosis Membranis colliguntur The Comparison I think is not so well made For the present we will leave following the Duct of the Trachaea up to the Larynx the Part according to the Method of Nature we should have began with and make some farther Observations on those under our present view In the Cavity of the Thorax therefore as I have remark'd the Pericardium or that Bag that incloses the Heart in our Pygmie was fastened to the Diaphragm just 't is in Man I must confess when I first observed it I was surprised because I had not seen it so in Brutes before And Vesalius and others make it as a peculiarity to a Man I will quote Vesalius's words and make an Inference from our observation and so proceed Vesalius therefore tells us Caeterum Involucri mucro dextri ipsius lateris egregia portio Septi transversi nerveo circulo validissimè amploque admodùm spatio connascitur quod Hominibus est peculiare Simiis quoque Canibus Porcis involucrum à septo mullùm distat Tantùm abest ut ipsi magnâ sui portione connecteretur adeò sanè ut hinc luce clarius constet Galenum hominis viscera aut oscitantèr aut neutiquàm spectâsse Simiasque Canes nobis describentem immerito veteres arguisse He can't forbear at all turns to have a fling at Galen But he is here in the right and Galen mistaken So Blancardus tells us Homo prae caeteris Animalibus hoc peculiare habet quod ejus Pericardium Septi transversi medio semper accrescat cum idem in Quadrupedum genere liberum aliquanto spatio ab ipso remotum sit Now our Pygmie having the Pericardium thus fastened to the Diaphragm it seems to me as if Nature designed it to be a Biped and to go erect For therefore in a Man is the Pericardium thus fastened that in Expiration it might assist the Diastole of the Diaphragm for otherwise the Liver and Stomach being so weighty they would draw it down too much towards the Abdomen so that upon the relaxation of it's Fibres in it's Diastole it would not ascend sufficiently into the Thorax so as to cause a Subsidence of the Lungs by lessening the Cavity there In Quadrupeds there is no need of this adhaesion of the Pericardium to the Diaphragm For in them in Expiration when the Fibres of the Diaphragm are relaxed the weight of the Viscera of the Abdomen will easily press the Diaphragm up into the Cavity of the Thorax and so perform that Service Besides was the Pericardium fastened to the Diaphragm in Quadrupeds it would hinder it's Systole in Inspiration or it 's descent downwards upon the contraction of it's Muscular Fibres and the more because the Diaphragm being thus tied up it could not then so freely force down the weight of the Viscera which are always pressing upon it and consequently not sufficiently dilate the Cavity of the Thorax and therefore must hinder their Inspiration Thus we see how necessary it is that in a Man the Pericardium should be fastened to the Diaphragm and in Quadrupeds how inconvenient it would be that from hence I think we may safely conclude that Nature design'd our Pygmie to go erect since in this particular 't is so like a Man which the common Apes and Monkeys are not and tho' they are taught to go erect yet 't is no more than what Dogs may be taught to do We proceed now to the Heart where we observed that in our Pygmie its Auricles Ventricles Valves and Vessels were much the same as they are in a Man's It 's Cone was not so pointed as in some Animals but rather more obtuse and blunt even more than a Man's What Avicenna remarks of the Heart of an Ape having a double Cone must be accidental and extraordinary for he tells us Et jam repertum est Cor cujusdam Simij habens duo Capita And a little after he denies the Heart to be a Muscle Jam autem erravit saith he qai existimavit quòd sit Lacertus quamvis sit similium rerum in co verùm motus ejus non est voluntarius The person he hints at I suppose is Hippocrates who so long ago asserted this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Hippocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cor musculus est validus admodùm non Nervo verùm Carnis spissamento And Steno and Dr. Lower since have shewed us the way of dissecting it and have made it most evident that 't is Muscular and it 's motion is such but as Avicenne observes 't is not a voluntary motion but involuntary 'T is pity we had not a better Translation of his Works for unless it be some particular Pieces the rest is most barbarously done as appears from that little I have quoted of him But to return to our Pygmie the magnitude and figure

of the Heart here was exactly the same as represented in our Scheme where part of the Pericardium is left lying on it Both in the right and left Auricle and Ventricle I observed two Polypous Concretions which plainly represented the Valves both in the Arteria Pulmonalis and Aorta I must confess by what I have hitherto observed of them and I have very frequently met with such Concretions in Humane Bodies I cannot think these Polypus's to be any thing else than the Size of the Blood or the Serum coagulated after Death The Observation I formerly gave of a Polypus in the Trachaea and Bronchiae of a Patient troubled with an Haemoptoe in it's kind I think remarkable The Parisians Observe that the Heart of their Monkey was a great deal more pointed than it usually is in Man which is likewise a Character of Brutes Yet in the interiour Superficies of it's Ventricles it had that great number of Fibres and fleshy Columns which are seen in Men. Drelincourt in his Ape observes Cor solidum in ventriculo sinistro laxum in dextro praedurus Conus ejus Serum in Pericardio salsum Vasa Coronaria tumida Praesertim circà Ventriculum Adeps circà ca nullus There was nothing farther I think that I observed peculiar in the Thorax of our Pygmie I shall now therefore follow the Duct of the Trachaea up to the Throat And here as in Man I observed placed the Glandula Thyroidea upon the Cartilago Scutiformis of the Larynx 't was red and spungy full of Blood vessels not much unlike the inward Part of the Spleen but somewhat firmer In a Man I have always observed this part to be red Drelincourt's Account of it in the Ape is Glandulae Thyroideae Cricoideae crassae sunt subnigricantes illas permeant surculi Corotidis Arteriae Jugular is venae externae cum surculis Nervi Recurrentis There is no sensible account yet given of the use of this part as I have met with And I think that from a Comparative Survey of it in other Animals and a strict Observation of it's Structure and the Vessels that compound it it were not difficult to assign other uses of it more satisfactory As to the Larynx in our Pygmie unless I enumerate all the Cartilages that go to form it and the Muscles that serve to give them their Motion and the Vessels that run to and from it and the Membranes and Glands there is nothing that I can further add but only say that I found the whole Structure of this Part exactly as 't is in Man And the same too I must say of the Os Hyoides The Reflection that the Parisians make upon the observation of this and it's neighbouring Parts in the Dissection of their Monkey's I think is very just and valuable And if there was any further advantage for the forming of Speech I can't but think our Pygmie had it But upon the best Enquiry I was never informed that it attempted any thing that way Tho' Birds have been taught to imitate Humane Voice and to pronounce Words and Sentences yet Quadrupeds never neither has this Quadru-manous Species of Animals that so nearly app●oaches the Structure of Mankind abating the Romances of Antiquity concerning them The Parisians therefore tell us That the Muscles of the Os Hyoides Tongue Larynx and Pharynx which do most serve to articulate a word were wholly like to those of Man and a great deal more than those of the Hand which nevertheless the Ape which speaks not uses almost with as much perfection as a Man Which demonstrates that Speech is an Action more peculiar to Man and which more distinguishes him from Brutes than the Hand which Anaxagoras Aristotle and Galen have thought to be the Organ which Nature has given to Man as to the wisest of all Animals for want perhaps of this Reflection For the Ape is found provided by Nature of all those marvellous Organs of Speech with so much exactness that the very three small Muscles which do take their rise from the Apophyses Styloides are not wanting altho' this Apophysis be extreamly small This particularity does likewise shew that there is no reason to think that Agents do perform such and such actions because they are found with Organs proper thereunto for according to these Philosophers Apes should speak seeing that they have the Instruments necessary for Speech I shall not engage in this Argument here because it would be too great a digression hereafter it may be I may take an occasion to do it for this is not the only Instance in our Subject that will justifie such an Inference tho' I think it so strong an one as the Atheists can never answer We shall take notice next of the Vvula a Part of some use too in forming the Voice for where 't is missing or vitiated it much alters the sound and even this I found in our Pygmie to be altogether alike as in Man It had those two Muscles which are in a Man the Musculus Sphaeno-Palatinus and the Pterigo-Palatinus seu Sphaeno-Pterigo-Palatinus the Tendon of which last passed over the Pterigoidal Process which was to it like a Trochlea or Pully and was afterwards inserted as in a Man The Parisians tell us that the Uvula which is in no other Brutes was found in our Apes it should be Monkeys wholly resembling that of Man And so Blasius Vvula in Animalibus aliis praeter hominem simiam numquam à me observata All that Drelincourt saith of it is Vvnla firma est carnosa The Tongue of our Pygmie in all respectts as I know of resembled a Humane Tongue only because 't was somewhat narrower it seemed longer And under the Tongue in our Pygmie we observed the Glandulae Sublinguales as in Man Drelincourt observes in the Ape Linguae basis non tantùm incumbit Hyoidi superno sed amplectitur ejus tuber inferius posticè Papillas habet Bovinis similes tunicam propriam permeantes At the Root of the Tongue of each side were placed the Tonsillae in our Pygmie as they are in a Man They were protuberant and hard and not so foraminulous as usually in Man very probably being vitiated by the Vlcer in the Cheek For Drelincourt tells us in the Ape Amygdalae cavae pertusae Scrobiculos habentes The Parotides under each Ear in our Pygmie were large and of the same Figure as in Man Parotis glandula contegit Musculum Sterno-Mastoideum articulationem Maxillae Musculi Pectroalis portionem saith Drelincourt The Maxillary Gland of the left side where the Ulcer in our Pygmie was had two of it's Lobes globous and protuberant above the Surface of the other Part being insected and tumefied by the Ulcerous Matter These Glands were about an Inch long and about half an Inch broad and there were two other small Glands a little distant from the head of the Maxillary Glandulae salivales ad angulum Maxillae Inferioris oblongae laxae

52. had a more Oblique progress and was fleshy lower The Extensor Pollicis brevis Fig. 3. 53. was mu●●●arger and it's progress on the Foot almost transverse The Flexor Po●●i●cis longus was pretty large The Flexor Pollicis brevis Fig. 4. 47. was very large and inseparably joined with the Abductor which was very little The Parisians tell us The Great Toes of the Monkeys had Muscles like those of a Ma●s Thumb The Extensor Digitorum Pedis longus Fig. 3.53 had no Tendon implanted on the Os Metatarsi of the Little Toe The Perforatus Fig. 4. 46. Perforans ib. 48. Lumbricales and Abductor Minimi Digiti differ'd very little from those in Men. The Musculus Extensor Digitorum brevis and Transversalis Pedis did not appear in this Animal I shall not at present give the Reader the trouble of the Reflections that I intended upon the Observations made in the Anatomy of this remarkable Creature since I am conscious having been so tedious already that 't will but farther tire him and my self too I shall therefore now conclude this Discourse with a brief Recapitulation of the Instances I have given wherein our Pygmie more resembled the Humane kind than Apes and Monkeys do As likewise sum up those wherein it differ'd from a Man and imitated the Ape-kind The Catalogues of both are so large that they sufficiently evince That our Pygmie is no Man nor yet the Common Ape but a sort of Animal between both and tho' a Biped yet of the Quadrumanus-kind tho' some Men too have been observed to use their Feet like Hands as I have seen several The Orang-Outang or Pygmie more resembled a Man than Apes and Monkeys do 1. IN having the Hair of the Shoulder tending downwards and that of the Arm upwards 2. In the Face 't was liker a Man having the Forehead larger and the Rostrum or Chin shorter 3. In the outward Ear likewise except as to it 's Cartilage which was thinner as in Apes 4. In the Fingers which were much thicker than in Apes 5. In being in all respects designed by Nature to walk erect whereas Apes and Monkeys want a great many Advantages to do so 6. The Nates or Buttocks larger than in the Ape-kind 7. It had Calves in it's Legs 8. The Shoulders and Breast were more spread 9. The Heel was longer 10. The Membrana Adiposa placed here next to the Skin 11. The Peritonaeum in the Groin entire and not perforated or protruded as in Apes and Monkeys 12. The Intestines or Guts much longer 13. The Intestines being very different in their bigness or largeness of their Canalis 14. In having a Caecum or Appendicula Vermiformis which Apes and Monkeys have not and in not having the beginning of the Colon so projected or extended as Apes and Monkeys have 15. The Insertion of the Ductus Bilarius and the Ductus Pancreaticus in a Man the Pygmie and an Ape was at the same Orifice In a Monkey there was two Inches distance 16. The Colon was here longer 17. The Liver not divided into Lobes as in Apes and Monkeys but entire as in Man 18. The Biliary Vessels the same as in Man 19. The Spleen the same 20. The Pancreas the same 21. The Number of the Lobes of the Lungs the same as a Man's 22. The Pericardium fastened to the Diaphragm as in Man but is not so in Apes and Monkeys 23. The Cone of the Heart not so pointed as in Apes 24. It had not those Pouches in the Chaps as Apes and Monkeys have 25. The Brain was abundantly larger than in Apes and all it's Parts exactly formed like the Humane Brain 26. The Cranium more globous and twice as big as an Ape 's or Monkey's 27. All the Sutures here like the Humane And in the Lambdoidal uture were the Ossa triquetra Wormiana In Apes and Monkeys 't is otherwise 28. It had an Os Cribriforme and the Crista Galli which Monkeys have not 29. The Sella Equina here the same as in Man in the Ape-kind 't is more rising and eminent 30. The Processus Pterygoides as in Man In Apes and Monkeys they are wanting 31. The Ossa Bregmatis and Temporum here the same as in Man In Monkeys they are different 32. The Os Zygomaticum in the Pygmie was small in the Monkey and Apes 't is bigger 33. The Shape of the Teeth more resembled the Humane especially the Dentes Canini and Molares 34. The Transverse Apophyses of the Vertebrae of the Neck and the Sixth and Seventh Vertebra were liker the Humane than these Parts in Apes and Monkeys are 35. The Vertebrae of the Neck had not those Foramina for transmitting the Nerves which Apes have and Man has not 36. The Vertebrae of the Back and their Apophyses Rectae like the Humane and in the lower Vertebrae but two Apophyses infernae not four as in Apes 37. There were but five Vertebrae of the Loins here as in Man in Apes and Monkeys there are six 38. The Spines of the Lumbal Vertebrae strait as in Man 39. The Os Sacrum was composed of five Vertebrae as in Man in Apes and Monkeys there are but three Vertebrae 40. The Os Coccygis had but four Bones and these not perforated as 't is in Man In Monkeys there are more Bones and they are perforated 41. In the Pygmie there were but seven Costae verae and the Extreams of the Nothae were Cartilaginous and the Ribs were articulated to the body of the Vertebrae In Apes and Monkeys there are eight Costae verae and the Extreams of the Nothae are ossious and the Articulation is in the Interstices of the Vertebrae 42. The Os Sterni in the Pygmie was broad as in a Man in the Monkey 't is narrow 43. The Bones of the four Fingers much larger than in the Ape-kind 44. The Thigh-bone in it's Articulation and all other respects like the Humane 45. The Patella round not long single not double as 't is said to be in Apes 46. In the Heel the Tarsus and Metatarsus the Pygmie was like a Man 47. The middle Toe in the Pygmie was not the longest as 't is in the Ape-kind 48. These Muscles viz. The Obliquus Inferior Capitis the Pyriformis and Biceps Femoris were like the Humane whereas the same in Apes and Monkeys are different And Note That all the other Muscles that are not otherwise specified in the following Catalogue were like the Humane also but whether all the same Muscles in Apes and Monkeys resemble the Humane Could not be determined for want of a Subject to compare them with or Observations made by others The Orang-Outang or Pygmie differ'd from a Man and resembled more the Ape and Monkey-kind 1. IN the littleness of it's Stature 2. In the flatness of the Nose and the slit in the Alae Narium 3. In having a rising Ridge of the Cranium under the Eye-brows 4. In being more hairy behind than before 5. In having the Thumb so little tho'

Vertebrae of the Loins r. The Foramina for the passage of the Nerves 26. The Os Sacrum 27. The Os Coccygis 28. 28. The Os Ilium 29. The Os Pubis 30. The Os Ischij s. s. The Cartilaginous Conjunction of the Os Ilium with the Os Pubis and Ischij at the Acetabulum t. t. The large Foramen of the Os Pubis and Ischij 31. 31. The Os femoris v. v. The Head of the Os femoris in the Acetabulum w. w. The Great Trochanter which was Cartilaginous X. The lesser Trochanter 32. 32. The Patella which was Cartilaginous 33. 33. The Tibia 34. 34. The Fibula 35. 35. The Os Calcis 36. 36. The Astragalus 37. The Os Cubiforme 38. The Os Naviculare seu Cuneiforme majus 39. The Ossa Cuneiformia minora 40. 40. The Ossa Metatarsi 41. 41. The Ossa Digitorum 42. 42. The Bones of the Great Toe y. The Malleolus externus z. The Malleous internus **** Signifie that those Parts were Cartilaginous The sixth Figure Represents the Stomach Intestines Pancreas Spleen Liver c. A. A. THE back side of the Stomach it being turned upwards B. Part of the Oesophagus or Gullet before it joyns with the upper or left Orisice of the Stomach C. The right Orisice of the Stomach or Pylorus a. a. The Extremities of the Vasa Brevia which pass between the Spleen and the Stomach b. b. c. Divers Lymphatick Glands on the Stomach D. The Superior Coronary Arteries and Veins and their Ramifications E. E. The Inferior Coronary Blood Vessels of the Stomach which sends Branches also to the Omentum F. F. The Omentum or Caul turned up to shew it 's lower Leaf G. G. The Liver like the Humane and not divided into Lobes as 't is in Apes c. A small Lobe of the Liver at the entrance of the Vena Porta d. The Fissure or Cleft in the Liver at the entrance of the Vmbilical Vein f. f. The Gall Bladder H. The beginning of the Duodenum I. I. The Pancreas g. g. The Blood Vessels of the Spleen especially a Branch of the Vena Porta K. K. The Spleen L. L. L. The Small Guts M. The Ileon just before it enters the Colon. N. The beginning of the Colon. h. h. One of the Ligaments of the colon O. O. The Caecum or Appendicula Vermiformis P. P. The Colon in its whole Progress to the Rectum j. j. Part of the Mesenterie k. k. The Glands of the Mesenterie l. That part of the Mesenterie which is connected to the Caecum or the Mesocaecum m. The Mesocolon or that Part of the Mesenterie that is fastened to the Colon. Q. The upper part of the Intestinum Rectum The seventh Figure Shews the Organs of GENERATION A. THE back part of the Bladder of Vrine the greatest part of the Bladder being cut off B. The Penis C. C. The two Vreters D. D. The Vasa Deferentia E. E. The Vesiculae Seminales F. The Glandulae Prostatae or Corpus Glandosum G. The Bulb of the Cavernous Body of the Vrethra covered with the Musculus accelerator Vrinae seu Spermatis a. a. The two Productions of the last mentioned Muscle which are inserted to the two Cavernous Bodies of the Penis on each side the Vrethra by which means that part of the Vrethra is comprest and it's Contents forced out b. b. The beginning of the two Cavernous Bodies of the Penis H. The Cavernous Body of the Vrethra j. One of the Transverse Muscles of the Penis call'd the Third Pair K. K. The Musculi Directores Penis The Eighth Figure Exhibits part of the Musculus Latissimus Dorsi dissected A. A. THAT part of the Muscle that lies on the Back as in Humane Bodies B. It 's Tendon which is inserted to the Os Humeri as in Men. c. The Tendinous Extremity of a fleshy Production of this Muscle which is implanted on the Internal Protuberance of the Os Humeri of this Animal as 't is also in Apes and Monkeys The ninth Figure Represents the Vrinary Parts and Organs of Generation A. THE left Kidney entire a. a. The Membrana Adiposa partly freed from the Kidney and turned back B. The Right Kidney opened to shew its Glandulous Substance and Vrinary Tubes and the Pelvis b The Tubuli Vrinarij which arise from the Glandulous Substance and like Lines drawn from a Circumference to a Center pass to the Fimbria or Edge c c in Man to the several Papille where their Orifices open and empty themselves into the Pelvis c. c. The said Fimbria of a Semicircular Figure where the Extreams of the Vrinary Tubes discharge the Vrine into the Pelvis or rather Funnel of the kidneys d. The Pelvis or Infundibulum For being large here in the Kidney and running into a long slender Stem in the Vreter it more properly represents a Funnel and serves for the Conveying the Vrine thence into the Bladder C. C. The Glandulae Renales D. D. The Descending Trunk of the Arteria Magna or Aorta below the Diaphr●gm d. The Caeliac Arterie d. The Arteria Mesenterica superior g. The Arteria Mesenterica inferior E. The Descending Trunk of the Vena Cava F. F. The Emulgent Arteries f. f. The Emulgent Veins G. G. The Vreters H. The Bladder of Vrine h. h. The Spermatick Veins which discharge themselves into the Vena Cava and the left Emulgent as in Man j. The Spermatick Arteries as they arise from the fore-part of the Trunk of the Aorta J. J. The Vasa Praeparantia Pampini-formia seu Corpora Pyramidalia K. K. The Testes or Stones which appear here flaccid having been kept some time before the figure was taken L. L. The Epididymis making several Convolutions on the body of the Testes M. Part of the Cremaster Muscle N. N. The Vasa Deferentia O. O. The Vesiculae Seminales P. The Prostates or Corpus Glandosum Q. The Musculus Erector Penis of the right side R. The upper part or Dorsum Penis S. The Corpora Cavernosa Penis cut transverse T. The Vrethra k. k. The main Trunk of the Iliac Arterie and Vein l. l. The Vmbilical Arteries m. m. The Arterie that goes to the Penis n. n. The Arterie that goes to the Bladder of Urine o. The internal Iliac Vein and Arterie p. The external Iliac Vein and Arterie q. The Vena Pudenda seu Penis r. r. The Nerves of the Penis s s The Arteries of the Penis The tenth Figure Demonstrates the Parts of the Thorax with the Arteria Asperae and Larynx A. THE fore-part of the Os Hyoides a. a. It s two ends that are connected to the two Superior long Processes of the Cartilago Scutiformis B. The Epiglottis C. The Cartilago Scutiformis b. The Prominent part of the Annulary Cartilage D. D. The Musculi Hyothyroidei E. E. The Musculi Sternothyroidei c. c. The Musculi Cricothyroidei F. The Arteria Aspera or Wind-pipe G. It 's division where it passes to the right and left Lobes of the Lungs H. H.