Vein opened an hour after the blood will continue pure Hors-dung dissolved in Carduus Water and strained doth powerfully disperse the pain and the humor in the Pleurisie White Hen-dung given in a dram of the same Water doth as much These Dungs have much Volotile Salt which is very piercing and discussing You may make a Potion of them both thus Take of Hemp seed one ounce bruise them then put to them of the white Dung of a Hen and of Horse Dung of each half an ounce dissolve them in five ounces of Carduus Water strain them and drink it The Blood of a wild Goat given to ten drops with the aforesaid Water doth powerfully discuss the Pleurisie In the want thereof you may give the blood of a tame Goat But because the strength of him is little you may give thereof to the quantity of one dram You must prepare it thus Hang up the Goat by the Horns and bend his hinder Legs backward to his Horns then cut out his Stones and take the Blood in a broad Vessel dry it in the Sun in Summer or at other times upon an Oven It is far different from the Goats Blood in the Shops The Soot of a Chimney given to a dram is very good but much rather the spirit of Soot described by Hartman in his Practice of Physick In an Epidemical Pleurisie Sudoroficks are to be given such as are prescribed in malignant Feavers which also ought to be made as proper for this Disease as may be A Diarrhoea coming upon a Pleurisie is dangerous therfore you must give Syrup of Myrtles which doth stay the Diarrhoea and also expectorate and this is to be mixed with other Syrups Let me Belly and Reins be anointed with astringents as useth to be done in all Diarrhoea's Give Clysters made of Barley Water which as Galen saith doth cool and astringe if it be boyled with red Roses and also Yolks of Eggs be dissolved in it Chap. 3. Of Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs PEripneumonia hath the same essence with a Pleurisie and is distinguished only by the part affected because that is the inflamation of the Lungs and this of the Membrane that compasseth the Ribs They differ somwhat in the matter for a Pleurisie comes often of Choller but a Peripneumonia of Flegm although all humors as we said of a Pleurisie may produce this disease I mean humors which are like blood and make up the mass of it For as thick humors do hardly penetrate the thick Membrane called Pleura but thin and Chollerick easily so on the other side thick flegmatick humors do easily go to the soft and thin substance of the Lungs and stick close thereto but thin and Chollerick humors do easily pass by But this hindereth not but the Chollerick blood may somtimes cause the Inflamation of the Lungs as Hippocrates 1. de morbis describeth the Erysipelas or Chollerick tumor of the Lungs which comes from Chollerick blood thrown into the Lungs from the right Ventricle of the Heart by the Arterial Vein But an oedematous Inflamation comes from flegmatick blood falling upon the Lungs by way of defluxion from the Head But only excrementitious flegm falling as a Catarrh from the Brain can make a Peripneumonia because it putrifieth in the Lungs and attracteth blood by the mixture whereof there is an Inflamation and this often happeneth in old folk Mesue saith that this Peripneumonia comes rather of Choller because the Lungs are nourished with Chollerick blood which cometh in great plenty to them by the Arterial Vein To whom we answer that fresh thin and steeming blood made in the right Ventricle of the Heart is carried into the Lungs which by reason of its purity is easily governed by Nature and is sent by the Venal Artery to the left Ventricle of the Heart and it seldom is altered from its Natural condition which useth to make a Peripneumonia But contrarily a defluxion from the Head cutting through the large passages into the Bronchia of the Lungs if it there putrifie will draw blood unto it and make a Peripneumonia This Peripneumonia is somtimes alone without another disease somtimes it followeth other diseases as Squinzy or Pleurisie Galen in Com. 11. Sect. 7. Aphor. teacheth that a Peripneumonia doth follow a Pleurisie two waies Either when a Pleurisie is turned into a Peripneumonia or when an inflamation of the Lungs followeth a Pleurisie This transmutation is when the former disease ceaseth and the other comes but it comes upon it when it is white the former remaineth Therefore the immediate internal cause of a Peripneumonia is blood often flegmatick seldom chollerick and most seldom melanchollick Which either comes from the whol body being plethorick or cachochymical that is full or of evil habit or from some part which is replete or distempered The External Causes of Peripneumonia and Pleurisie are the same namely whatsoever defluxion can come to those parts the chief whereof are First great exercise and violent motion of the Body especially after long rest and high feeding For then the humors abounding from high diet and kept in by long rest by exercise are dispersed attenuated and heated and are after sent to the weaker parts most fit to receive them among which the Breast and Lungs are chief because by strong exercise there is caused great and often breathing and so they become wearied and the substance of the Lungs being soft and loose can easily receive the humors coming to them Secondly Among the external Causes the cold and Northernly Air is reckoned when it comes suddenly after a Southern and warm for the pores are opened by warm Air and the humors are more fluid which by the cold Air coming after are compressed and the humors sent to the weak parts Lastly From Hipp. lib. of Air Places and Waters the drinking of standing Pools and Lakes begets the Peripneumonia for saith the Divine old man we observe diseases of the Lungs to be most in Marshy Countries Also the Signs of a Peripnumonia do agree with the signs of a Pleurisie Two are the same as a sharp Feaver and a Cough which somtimes is dry somtimes moist or with more Flegmatick spittle coloured with Choller or Blood and in the progress of time the spittle becomes Mattery when the matter of the Disease grows ripe and concocted by heat which somtimes comes to pass when the substance of the Lungs is not hurt for if they ulcerate a Consumption wil sollow So we may observe That in sore Eyes that are Mattery the humors are converted into Matter when the substance of the Eye is neither suppurated nor ulcerated The other signs differ in respect of the part affected the difficulty of Breathing is greater than in a Pleurisie by reason of the narrowness of the part inflamed so that the Patient seems to be choaked and cannot breath but with the head upright For the part cannot be compressed by reason of the extention and repletion nor be more dilated
although it be much dilated yet it takes in but little Air therefore the respiration is quick and often with snorting This is augmented by a Feaver by which the breath is hotter and the desire of cold air is greater The Pulse is great faint and soft by reason of Flegm and the looseness of the Lungs yet there is some hardness by the Choller and blood it is unequal from the compression of the Artery neer the Heart and in thick Humors most Somtimes it is intermitting watery vermicular when the Lungs are rotten by too much moisture There is a heavy pain that reacheth from the Breast to the Back somtimes it is between the Shoulders and somtimes under one only Shoulder and from thence communicated to the Throat and Pap Especially in a Cough somtimes they feel no pain til they begin to Cough somtimes there is also a pricking pain in the side when it is joyned with a Pleurisie as it often happeneth Although the Membrane that covers the Lungs be of the same nature with the Pleura as Galen taught 4. de loc affect cap. 5. Yet there is not so great pain in a Peripneumonia as in a Pleurisie for two Differences which are laid down by Galen in the place afore-cited The First is Because the Nerves that go to the Membrane of the Lungs are few and very little but they which go to the Pleura are many and great Th Other is Because the Breast consists of Bones and Flesh which wil not be stretched from whence the pain is greater But the Lungs are soft and yeilding and therefore their pain is less There is Redness in the Cheeks by reason of the hot vapors which fly into the head and carrying with them the thinner blood And this Colour is most in the Cheeks because their skin is thinnest There are besides these signs Heaviness Weakness and a Tossing with great sense of Heat in the whol Body The Tongue is Yellow and then it groweth Red a great thirst swelling of the Eyes and of the veins of the Temples There is a Delirium or Doting when it comes from Choller and a Coma when it comes from Flegm If the Disease comes of Chollerick blood the spittle wil be yellow the heat and thirst greater more difficulty of breathing with less Heaviness the air breathed forth is more hot the Feaver is very violent the Pulse swift the Delirium great the Water thin yellow and cleer the age time of the year the Country and Diet before do al attest for Choller If Flegm which is most ordinary produce the Disease the spittle wil be white viscous and froathy the Feaver burning of the Breast thirst and driness of the tongue wil be less the weight of the Breaâ—â— greater the Pulse slower and softer the Age old Habit of body time of the Yeer and the Country are cold and moist If the Disease come from pure Blood the Spittle wil be Red the Urin Red and Thick the Face more Red the Veins of the Temples more swoln with heaviness and distention of the whol body and other things that declare abundance of blood Lastly If Melancholly blood be the Cause the Spittle wil be black or blewish the Tongue black from the beginning dry and rough there wil be also heaviness and great sighing between breathing and al the signs of Melancholly predominating in the whol body The Prognostick of this Disease is thus to be made A Peripneumonia is more dangerous than a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of the necessity of respiration and the neerness of the Heart Celsus saith That this kind of Disease hath more Danger than Pain and for the most part Killeth But strength of Body less vehemency of Symptomes yellow Spittle not mixed with much Blood raised in the beginning a great flux of blood at the Nose in the Critical day or a flux of the Belly which is Chollerick and froathy or a flux of the Hemorrhoids or Terms do shew some hope of recovery Imposthumes about the Ears or inferior parts being well suppurated and kept open do foretel recovery as Hipp. in proga If a Peripneumonia be turned into a Pleurisie it is good and though it seldom happen as Galen teacheth Comment Aphor. 11. Sect. 7. because there is a going from a Disease more dangerous to one less dangerous And this transmutation is known by a pricking pain of the side coming thereupon and by abating the shortness of breath But the vehemency of the Disease and symptomes do declare a dangerous and deadly Peripneumonia as want of spittle continual watching a Delirium or Coma coldness of the extream parts snorting with great difficulty of breathing blewness and crookedness of the nails Moreover A Peripneumoma coming upon a Pleurisie is most dangerous as Hippocrates teacheth Aph. 11. Sect. 7. because the translation of a humor from an ignoble part to a more noble is evil and the strength being spent by the disease foregoing can endure the force of a new and worâ—e When the urine is thick in the beginning of the Disease and after before the fourth day it becomes thin death is at hand Hipp. in Coacis The Cure of the Peripneumonia is very like that of the Pleurisie and there must be first bleeding as much as the strength will permit once or twice in a day till the disease abate for since the Lungs are then full of blood and draw much from the heart which is inflamed you need not fear to let blood thrice four five or six times But if a Peripneumonia follow a Squinzy or Pleurisie you may let blood more warily because the strength is abated by the former Disease You must let blood from the Basilica Vein of both arms if the whol Lungs be equally affected or from either on that side the pain is or on which the Patient sets more weight or from which he supposeth he raiseth most spittle You must bleed women in this disease first in the Ancle Vein and after within six hours in the Arm except it be so desperate that you are constrained at the first to bleed in the Arm. In which case all the time you bleed and a little before you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Thighs But after if the strength will not permit further phlebotomy you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and â—ack both dry and with Scarrification as much as the Patient can suffer Also Emollient and loosening Clysters are good revulsives but you must not use too strong purging Medicines therein lest you bring a flux of the Belly which is most dangerous in this Disease If a crude flegmatick humor coming from the head cause this disease or nourish it a Vesicatory laid to the hinder part of the Head doth very much good In the mean while use the Juleps and Emulsons prescribed in the Cure of a Pleurisie Anoint the breast with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds or with fresh Butter or the like or with this Liniment Take of Oyl
Diseases But the Heart hath a Natural Faculty to contract and dilate it self therefoâ—e a Palpitation cannot be without its motion And they do in vain muster up Galens Reasons so thought by them to prove that the Palpitation of the Heart comes not by Nature but by a Diâ—ease or cause of a Disease For Galen in all those places speaks of no other Palpitation than that which is in the Skin and other external parts and not of the palpitation of the Heart which is of another Nature and Galen 2. de sympt caus cap. 2. saith that the Palpitation of the Heart and Arteries is different from that of the other parts Therefore the Palpitation of the Heart is an immoderate and preternatural shaking of the part with a great Diastole or Dilatation and a vehement Systole or contraction which somtimes is so great that as Fernelius observes it hath often broken the Ribs adjoyning somtimes displaced them which are over the Paps and somtimes it hath so dilated an Artery forth into an Aneurism as big as ones fist in which you might both see and feel the pulsation This immoderate shaking of the Heart comes from the Pulsative Faculty provoked But here may be objected That in Feavers all these things are found for this is an immoderatâ— Systole and Diastole by the provocation of the Faculty through some troublesom matter or by encrease of heat in the Heart To this we answer That the motion of the Heart in Feavers is distinguished from Palpitation only by its degrees and the depraved motion of the Heart when it is vehement is called Palpitation but if it be not vehement it is called a quick great and swift Pulse and is referred to the differenceâ— of Pulses Now the Efficient Causes of this Palpitation may be referred to Three Heads Either it is somwhat which troubleth and pricketh or necessity of Refrigeration or defect of Spirits which two latter may be referred to the encrease of Custom The Molesting Cause is most usual so that many Authors knew no other the other are rare and that is either a vapor or wind which troubleth the Heart either in quantity or quality or both The quality is either manifest or occult A vapor troublesom in a manifest quality is either in the Heart and its parts adjoyning or it is sent from other parts and this suddenly getting to the inmost parts of the Heart doth stir up the Expulâ—ive Faculty which being Naturally very strong ariseth powerfully with all its force to expel the enemy In the Heart and thereabout especially in the Pericardium are gathered somtimes cold and thick Humors which send up vapors to the Ventricles of the Heart which cause Palpitation But from more remote parts vapors and wind are sent to the Ventricles of the Heart as from the Stomach Spleen Mother and the other parts of the lower Belly Many times a Vapor that troubles the Heart by an occult quality ariseth in malignant Feavers Plague and after Poyson and somtimes from Worms putrified and the terms stopped from corrupt feed or other putrid matter which do much stir up the Expulsive Faculty thereof Divers Humors do molest the Heart either with their quantity or quality so too much Blood oppresâ—ing the Veins Arteries and Ventricles of the Heart so that they cannot move freely makes a Palpitation by hindering motion which that the Faculty may oppose it moveth more violently So Water in the Pericardium being in great quantity doth compreâ—s the substance of the Heart and its Ventricle so that they cannot freely dilate themselves The same do Humors flowing in abundance to the Heart as it happens somtimes in Wounds Fear and Terror Humors offending in quality hurt the Heart if they be venemous putrid corrupt sharp or too hot especially burnt Choller coming to the Heart and provoking its Expulsion Also Tumors though seldom cause this Disease as Inflamation of the Heart Imposthumes or Swelling in the Arteries of the Lungs neer the Heart which Galen saith befel Antipater the Physitian 4. de loc aff by which after an unequal Pulse he fell into a Palpitation and an Asthma and so died so Dodonaeus reports that he found a Callus in the great Artery next to the Heart which caused a Palpitation for many yeers Also Tumors in the Pericardium whether they be without humors and scirrhus or with humors in them as the Hydatides or watery Pustles and little stones bones and pieces of flesh are somtimes growing in the Heart which cause Palpitation So Platerus reports that in one who had a long Palpitation and died thereof there was found a bone in his Heart But Schenkius reports that in a Priest who was from his youth to the age of forty two troubled with a Palpitation there was found in the bottom of his Heart an Excrescens of flesh which weighed eight drams and resembled another Heart The Second Cause of Palpitation is necessity of refrigeration which is when there is a pretâ—â—natural heart in the Heart by which the Spirits are inflamed within and therefore the motion of the Heart and Arteries is encreased that what is spent may be restored and the heat cooled and this comes somtimes from an internal cause which is rare but oftener of an external as anger vehement exercise and the like As Platerus observed in a yong man who being hot and angry at Tennis fell into a Palpitation of the Heart and so died The third Cause is the defect of Spirits which comes by hunger watching anger Joy fear shame and great Diâ—eases and other causes which do suddenly dissipate the Spirits which defect the Heart laboring to repair that it may beget more quick and plentiful and send them into the whol Body sooner it doth enlarge its motion and make it quicker You must observe for conclusion that it is more ordinary to see a Palpitation which comes by consent from other parts than from the Heart it self For it hath a consent with all parts by the Veins and Artâ—ries by which Vapors Wind and Humors are sent Which all shall be shewed in the Diagnosis following The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is directed either to the Disease or the Causes which produce it The Disease is subject to sence it may be felt with the hands somtimes seen and heard for the Artery may be seen to leap especially in the Jugular And Forestus saith it may be heard by an Example of a yong man that they who passed by might hear it by laying their Ear to the Window Also the Causes are distinguished by their Signs A hot distemper is known by the greatness of the Pulse and swiftness by a Feaver and heat of the Breast by great and often breathing and desire of cold things If the Palpitation come of wind it quickly comes and goes and is presently raised by little motion and the Breath is difficult with trembling somtimes at the knees mists in the Eyes noise in the Ears and somtimes pain of some
the Jaws and Neck are red these Angina's continue longer but they are chiefly preserved who have red necks and breasts and the holy fire without not within The fourth kind is least and safest because the inflamation is furthest from the Throat Hence Hippocrates Aph. 37. Sect. 6. saith If a Tumor appear in the neck in him that hath an Angina it is good for the Disease comes forth He confirms the same in 3. Progn Text. 20. thus But it is most safe to have a Tumor or redness come forth Hippocrates seems to comprehend all these Differences in one Sentence 6. Epid. Sect. 7. where speaking of the signs of an Epidemical Angina he saith In the sum of all To them that could only not swallow the disease was mild and easie to be endured but it was desperate to them who had withal a difficulty of breathing If the matter causing the Angina be carried to the Lungs either the Patients die or else turn Fools or Empyick that is imposthumated between the Breast and Lungs as Hippocrates Aph. 10 Sect. 5. and 3. Progn In an Angina that is strong if the Patient foam at the mouth it is deadly Aph. 43. Sect. 2. for it shews a great straitness about the Heart and violent heat from which the proper moisture of the Lungs is squeezed forth and carried to the mouth in a kind of froath They who have an Angina if they spit not concocted matter but a little viscid slimy and thick are desperate Hipp. in coac The Tumors of the Jaws in an Angina suddenly vanishing without reason are deadly Hipp. in coacis Without cause or reason that is without a precedent Evacuation by Art or Crisis for it signifies the returning of the matter inward from whence a more dangerous Disease may be in the internal parts or as it somtimes fals out the matter returning to the same part makes a sudden suffocation The Cure of the Angina is made by the same Indications which are observed in the Cure of all Inflamations so the humor flowing to the part is to be revelled and repelled that which is there is to be derived and dissolved But if it cannot be dissolved it is to be disgested and suppurated all which may be done as followeth First appoint a slender cooling and moistening Diet of Barley Cream Chicken Broth or Capon Broath with cool Herbs and the like If the Patient cannot swallow by reason of the narrowness of the Oesophagus so that from thence you fear loss of strength and death You may free him from that danger by putting down a Catheter into the Oesophagus to which you may fit a Syringe by which you may send Broath into the Stomach The Practical Physitians use nourishing Clysters by which some nourishment may be carried to the Liver from the Meseraick Veins Let his drink be Barley Water and other things used in acute Feavers Let the Air be temperate and without extremity for the cold will stop the pores and the hot will encrease the defluxion and inflamation The Patient must lie with his head high and his neck upright that he may better breath he must avoid much sleep as in internal inflamations for as Hippocrates saith Blood runs inward in time of sleep and so the confluxion of humors to the part affected will be encreased But since Angina is a most acute Disease and somtimes kills a man in one day you must use great Remedies with much diligence Therefore in what hour soever the Physitian comes let him presently let blood on the same side that is affected out of the Head Vein or if that appear not out of the Median to a pound or a pound and an half or two pound as much as his strength will permit for in this there is most hope but you must not take all that blood away at once lest the Patient faint by which he would be in danger but by degrees and intermission at every third or fourth hour This kind of blood-letting is so necessary in this disease that it may be hindered by no contrary indication So in the flowing of the Terms or at any other time you must take away blood in a great quantity Of which we have a president in Zacutus Lucitanus 2. Prax. admir cap. 135. of a Woman which was in her seventh month great with Child and was taken with a Squinzy but being seven times let blood in one day was cured If the Disease be not violent you may first give a Clyster but if otherwise afterwards While Phlebotomy is iterated make other revulsions in the same day with Cupping-glasses both dry and with scarrification upon the shoulders and loyns make frictions and painful Ligatures upon the extream parts Having bled enough fall to purging the next day not expecting the concoction of humors because the disease admits of no parley therefore give one proper to the humor nay if the disease do constrain you let blood and give a purge both in the same day as Trallianus did by his confession Lib. 4. Cap. 1. in these words I truly remember that I when occasion required opened a Vein in the morning under the Tongue and at night gave a purge of the extract of Scammony in Broth and could scarce hinder strangulation for all that and another the next day after I had opened both the Arms purged him again Now your purge must be of gentle things if the disease come of Choller lest the humors should be moved too violently and so come to the part affected Also if the Inflamation come only of blood it is better to abstain altogether from purging But if flegm run with it make stronger Purges and give Agarick and Diaphoenicon with Senna nay in a strong flegmatick Angina you may rise to those Medicines which cause violent vomiting and among the rest the Aqua Benedicta of Dr. Rowland is the best which given to the quantity of two ounces doth wonders and for the most part cureth the disease in the space of two hours Moreover it hath no evil taste and so may easily be sipped up which you cannot do in other Medicines which by reason of their evil taste cannot be taken but at one draught by the Patient therefore they can seldom be purged till the passages are a little opened But that is supplied by often Clysters and therefore they who cannot take Aqua Benedicta Rulandi by reason of its heat or their weakness because they must be strong who take it nor any other Medicine must use often Clysters that are very sharp to draw down the Humors For the same Revulsion it is good to apply Cupping-glasses to the Neck and Shoulders with scarrification Frictions and Ligatures to the lower parts and to wash their Feet with hot Water But a Vesicatory to the Neck behind doth more strongly revel the humors flowing from the head which you must do presently after blood-letting After Revulsions are sufficiently and diligently made you must derive the Humor from the part
5. A Suppuration on both sides of the Thorax is more dangerous than in one also that on the lâ—fâ— side is more dangerous than on the right by reason of the left Ventricle of the heart which is more greivously affected with the matter gathered on that side Whosoever are Burnt or Cut for a Suppuration if the Matter cometh forth pure and white they escape but if it be bloody foul and stinking they die Aphor. 44. Sect. 7. If the Matter flow plentifully by Stool and Urine and the Patient continue strong it is a sign oâ— Recovery although this Evacuation is very seldom yet is it spoken of by Galen Aetius and Paulus As also the way declared by Galen through which it passeth 3. de loc affect cap. 4. and com in aphor 30. sect 3. In the first place he speaks thus This question doth not a little disturbe thâ— followers of Erasistratus who think that there is nothing but spirits in the Arteries But we find no difficulty in it because we know that the smooth Artery in the Lungs so much Pus as it received from an Imposthume broken can carry the same into the left Ventricle of the heart which after goeâ— to the Reâ—ns by the great Artery In the last place he saith That the matter contained in the Lungâ— doth first come to the Ventricles of the Heart and then to the great Artery or by the hollow Veiâ— to the outside of the Liver from thence to the inside and so to the Guts From which you may easily see the way by which an Empyema may be purged by stool and urine If the Patient grow better and be almost clensed and then again raiseth stinking Spittle he dieth of that which remaineth and returneth Hipp. in Coac For the Cure of this Disease First if you cannot hinder the Suppuration of the matter in the Thorax you must further it by convenient Cataplasms As Take of Marsh-mallow Roots three ounces fat Figs ten Raisons stoned one ounce Chamomel and Melilot flowers of each one pugil Boyl them all well then beat them and strain them then ad the flower of Line Foenugreek seed and Wheat of each one ounce Oyl of Lillies sweet Almonds and fresh Butter and Turpentine of each one ounce Make a Cataplasm Also to help Concoction and maturation within you may give this following Apozeme Take of Marsh-mallow Roots and of the greater Comphry of each one ounce Agrimony Coltâ—foot Scabious and Maiden-hair of each one handful the four great cold seeds of each one ouncâ— Annis seeds one dram Liquoris and Raisons of the Sun stoned of each one ounce the three Cordial Flowers and Chamomel of each one pugil Make a Decoction to one pint and an half dissolve in the straining Syrup of Colts-foot Liquoris and Sugar-candy of each two ounces Maâ—â— an Apozeme perfumed with the Pouder of Flower deluce Root one dram for five mornings draughts This following Eclegma is good for the same purpose Take of the pulp of fat Figs one ounce fresh Butter two ounces Oyl of sweet Almonds newly drawn without fire one ounce Sugar candy two ounces Starch two drams Make a Lohoch Venice Turpentine washed with Barley Water given to the quantity of three drams with the pouder of Liquoris doth much profit for Maturation Discussion and Clensing But if the Empyema will not be spit up as somtimes it will not you must come to opening of it which you must do between the fourth and fifth Ribs beginning to count from below with many Cautions which are elegantly set down by many Chyrurgions especially by Hieromâ— Fabricius ab Aquapendente in his Book of Manual Operations But it is more profitable to open the Imposthume which comes from a Pleurisie before it break and the Pus flow into the Cavity of the Breast which is known by the Tumor which is against the place of Suppuration and by other signs of an Empyema And then you must not open it below and between the fourth and fifth Rib because if you make an orifice far from the imposthume there wil no matter come forth but you must open it in the middle of the Tumor first applying a Caustick But if no Tumor appear it is hard to open it before the Imposthume be broken But if any will tâ—y he must find out the place in which the Patient finds weight pain and heat And it must be made between two Ribs upon the higher part of the Rib because there is a Vein and Artery neer the Inferior which you must observe in the opening of every Empyema While the matter is taken forth by degrees let the Patient take a Wound Drink twice a day which will purge the blood clense the Ulcer and hinder putrefaction As Take of Sanicle Bugle Scabious Bettony St. Johns wort Carduus Mousear Burnet Perewinkle Agrimony Plantane of each one handful the seeds of St. Johns wort and Carduus benedictus of each half a dram Cordial Flowers one pugil Boyl them in Hydromel to a pint and an half Take six ounces every time With this same Decoction Injections may be made into the Cavity of the Breast For his Drink let him take Hydromel or Barley Water or Spring Water with Sugar If after the Breast is opened the matter do not flow freely you must draw it forth with the following Plaister which doth powerfully draw from all Imposthumes Take of Rozin of the Pine-tree that is fresh cleer and sweet half a pound Oyl of Bayes and â—urpentine of each one ounce Gum Elemi two ounces First let the Rozin and the Gum be â—elted and mixed then ad the Turpentine and the Oyls and let them boyl a little then strain â—â—em Make a Plaister thereof for the part change it once a day in Winter and twice in Sumâ—er cut it in two or three places that the matter may pass through Chap. 5. Of the Dropsie in the Breast THe Dropsie in the Breast is like to Empyema which comes from a serous humor contained in the Cavity of the Breast The common Practitioners do not describe this Disease although Hippocrates doth it excellently 2. Lib. of Diseases called dropsies in the Lungs thus There is a Feaver and a Cough quick breathing the feet swell the Nails are contracted and they suffer as â—â—ey do in an Empyema but not so violently and longer and if you powr any thing in or apply a â—omentation or fumigation the matter doth not follow and by this you may know that it is not â—atter but water that is within and if you try a long time to discover it by your Ear laid to his â—â—de it boyls inward like Vinegar after that it goes into the belly and then he seems to be recovered But in progress of time the belly is inslamed and that endureth the same or more some swell in the â—elly cods and face Thus Hippocrates This Disease seldom happeneth it is more often than it is discovered for it is not ordinarily â—nown Many relations of it are given
the Juyce of Pomegranate or Knotgrass but to them who bled not much he gave it with warm water But he saith you must sift it well give it often that it may better be distributed and in Wine Antony Valerius exercit ad cap. 27. lib. 1. Hollerij de morb internis reports that he cured when all means failed by this Pouder which he had from Julius Scaliger Take of Spodium red Roses Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata and Blood-stone of each half an ounce red Coral Amber and Pearls not perforated of each two drams and an half Gum Arabick and Tragacanth of each two drams the seeds of Purslain Mallows Ribwort red Roses burnt Harts-horn and white Starch burnt of each three drams Make thereof a fine pouder and give three drams thereof with rain water This Pouder Scaliger borrowed of Serapio who mentioned it in his Book of Spitting of blood and which Valesus also commends And you may make Tablets thereof with Sugar dissolved in â—ose or Plantane Water The Electuary of Haelideus is like it and easier made which was wont to be famous in Germany â—â—d so commended of Gesner Erastus and Crato thus Take of the seeds of white Poppy and Henbane of each ten drams Terra Sigillata and red Coral of each five drams old Sugar of Roses as much as will make an Electuary Give hereof â—e dram morning and evening after universal Medicines have been given But because that spitting is stopped by the use of Astringents and thence comes difficulty of â—eathing you must at times use things that mollify the Breast and also stop bleeding such as they â—hich are compounded of Gum Arabick Tragacanth Starch and Syrup of dried Roses Quinces Mirâ—â—s and Jujubes the Juyce of Plantane and Purslain while you use Astringents if the Belly be â—â—und give a Clyster or Purge that leaves some Astringency In the whol time of the Cure if you suspect that there is any congealed blood in the breast you must dissolve it with Oxycrate thus made according to Galen 5. Meth. that it may be pleasant and not provoke Coughing with the Vâ—negar for so it dissolveth the blood and gently bindeth Let him take six ounces warm twice or thrice in one day and if it provoke Coughing sweeten it with Sugar but you must use this when the bleeding begins to cease for this also Amber and Mummy mixed with glutinatours and astringents is good Also for the allaying the Heat of the Liver use often a Cooling Epithem to the right side Take of Rose Plantane and Succory Water of each four ounces Vinegar of Roses two ounces the Pouder of the Electuary of the three Saunders one drani and an half Camphire one scruple make an Epitheme to be applied warm to the Liver After the use of the Epitheme anoint the same part with Oyntment of Roses or the Cerat of Saunders with a little Rose-Vinegar Anoynt also the Reins of the Back with Oyl of Roses and Water-Lillies washed with Vinegar adding a little Camphire to allay the heat of the blood in the hollow Vein But you must beware of things that are too Astringent lest they drive the blood from the hollow Vein into the Lungs It is also very good to wash the stones with Oxycrate to stop the Flux and allay the heat for there is a great consent between these parts A Bath would also be good to allay the heat of the Bowels but because they relax and so open the Veins you must avoid it Let him drink Syrup of Myâ—tles Purslain and dried Roses or Sugar of Roses with Barley-water or with the Water wherein Blood-stone or sealed Earth hath been infused Or mix Conserve of Roses with the Water or with Water wherein Coriander hath been infused made sharp with the Spirit of Vitriol or with the Tincture of Roses A weak Decoction of Yarrow drunk ordinarily is good against al bleeding If a sharp Defluxion from the Head upon the Lungs be the Cause of this Disease besides what hath been said you may use those Remedies which are prescribed in the Cure of a Hot Catarrh After the Blood is stopped to keep it from returning you must first abstain from al things that stir the Humors as violent exercise great heat anger roaring rich Wines the meates mentioned which are either salt or spiced Conserve of dried Roses must be held in the mouth especially at bed time Take of Conserve of Roses and of Comfry Roots of each one ounce the Troches of Amber and sealed Earth of each half a dram red Coral and prepared Pearls of each one scruple Sugar of Roses as much as all the rest make a mixture of which let him take a spoonful somtimes one hour before meat Let him be purged four times in a yeer or oftener if occasion be with the Potion of Rhubarb and Myrobalans above mentioned to which instead of Syrup ad one ounce of Manna You may with good success give a scruple of torrefied Rhubarb every morning one hour before meat especially if the blood be very serous as it is commonly in Haemorrhages Also Rhubarb not torrefied given in the same quantity for so the blood after the serous watery Humor is carried away wil grow thicker Or You may give a dram of Rhubarb once every Week There is also a Magistral Syrup to clense the blood from thin serous Humors As Take of the Leaves of Bugloss Fumitory Hops Succory Endive Agrimony Plantanâ— Maiden-hair of each one handful the Tops of Asparagus Vervain and Eyebright of each half an handful the Seeds of Gourds and Mellons of each half an ounce Endive and Doddeâ— seed of each two drams Liquoris scraped and Raisons of each one ounce sweet Prunes twelve Senna four ounces Polypody of the Oak two ounces Agarick tyed in a thin Clout six drams Mace one dram the Three Cordial Flowers red Pease or Pulse of each one pugil boyl these to a pint an half dissolve in the straining of the juyce of sweet Apples three ounces sine Sugar oâ—â— pound and a quarter make a Syrup boyled well sented with yellow Saunders Then infuse in it one ounce of Rhubarb beaten and tyed in a Clout let him take an ounce and an half or two ounceâ— with Broth twice in a month Make an Issue in the right or lest Leg as the Liver or Spleen are affected Lastly Let him use for a whol Month Asses-Milk steeled for prevention of this Disease For his Drink take Water boyled a little with Coriander seeds or the Decoction of Barley and Liquoris Chap. 7. Of Phthisis or Consumption ALthough the word Phthisis signifie every Consumption yet it is most properly taken for that extenuation of body which cometh after an Ulcer in the Lungs For this Extenuation of body comes from a putrid lingring Feaver which turneth to an Hectick and this Feaver comes from the Ulcer in the Lungs from which by reason of their neerness to the Heart putrid Vapors are continually sent thither and cause the
both smal and evil proportioned The straightness of the Breast shews want of Natural heat and the evil proportion shews its weakness For if the Natural heat were much and vigorous the breast would have thereby been extended But such and so great is this disposition that Hippocrates calls it a Natural Consumption coming from a principle in Nature Wherefore they who are thus made must of necessity fall into a Consumption except some other disease take them off Which by the way is observable for if they have any acute disease who are thus inclined they seldom escape because the Natural heat is weak and little and therefore will easily be overcome by a strong disease Therefore the most wary Physitians in such kind of Natures and habits do use to prognostick rather death and danger than health or recovery when they fall into any disease In them who are inclinable to this Disease Youth is most dangerous according to Hippocrates Aph. 9. Sect. 5. especially from Eighteen to Thirty Five yeers in which time there is much blood for to break the vessels as also it is then thin and sharp more proper to open and corrode the Vessels In Children the Catarrh is made slow with much Moisture in Old Men it is allayed with Cold but in the Middle Age for the Reasons aforesaid it doth often exulcerate Moreover in Youth many distempers come by Diet by which many ill humors are produced and the blood infectedâ— as also by reason of violent exercise as running wrestling leaping fencing going in the sun a vein may be broken in the Lungs which may produce a Consumption The signs of a Consumption begun are set down by Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases before mentioned Text 10. in these words In progress of time the Lungs are exasperated and ulcerated within by the Catarrh putrifying there whereby the breast seems ponderous and there is a pain before and behind and there is more sharp heat in the body and the Lungs by reason of their heat draw moisture from the whol body and especially from the head which also is made hot from that body and spetteth forth thick matter In these Words there are Six Signs contained of a Consumption begun The First sign is That the Lungs are exasparated in progress of time that is The Cough is more violent for the Disease increasing the Distillation is stronger and the Lungs are peirced therewith and provoked to Cough forth that which hurteth them which Cough doth not only come from the matter flowing down but from that which flowed formerly for being not Coughed up it groweth foul by long continuance by which means the Lungs are more forced to expulsion The Second sign is The weight of the Breast which comes from the matter gathered into the Lungs For albeit the Lungs of themselves do feel little or nothing yet because they are tyed to the Breast by Membranes they perceive a weight when they are burdened A Third sign is A sharp pain before and behind for the matter contained in the Lungs doth with its evil quality offend them as wel as with its quantity and putrifaction by which the Membranes are pricked which cause great pain for the pain in the Membranes is alwayes pricking Now this pain is perceived before and behind because these Membranes are joyned before to the Sternon and behind to the Back and the cause of this pain is from a great Cough called by Hippocrates A Malignant or Cruel Cough The Fourth sign is When sharp Heat falls into the body and there followeth a violent Feaver for when through progress of time the matter putrifieth more it is probable that the Feaver wil be greater for although the matter from the beginning do only putrifie in the Lungs yet by reason of the Suppuration made in the Breast with an Ulcer the filth is communicated to the humors contained in the Veins from which come divers sorts or putrid Feavers and these differ from that Feaver which comes only from the Ulcer in the Lungs through the filthy vapors which are carried from them into the Heart which turns to an Hectick and therefore in a Consumption there is a Hectick Feaver often joyned with a Putrid The Fifth sign is When a great quantity of Flegm falls from the Head to the Lungs which Hippocrates confirms when he shews the Cause of that great Defluxion namely The Lungs by their Heat drawing Flegm from the whol body Hence it is that the humors contained in the whol body are the matter of a continual and great Flux which doth so trouble men in Consumptions The Lungs by the filth which they have contracted grow hot by which heat Flegm is drawn from the Brain which the Brain fetcheth from the whol Body And this is one of the principal Causes of the extenuation or the whol body for al the humors good and bad are carried to those parts and so the whol body decayeth The Sixth sign is Spetting of thick rotten Flegm for when the Matter putrifieth and there is an Ulcer quittor or filth must needs come from thence and therefore the Spittle is Mattery but it is between thick and thin for after that it hath by long continuance in the Lungs grown thick it is made thinner by the addition of that which breaks from the Ulcer and so it becomes moderate which Hippocrates calls Subcrassum or Thickish To these mentioned Signs of Hippocrates you may ad this as most certain namely The Extenuating the body with a lingering and constant Feaver For besides the putrid Feavers above mentioned which come and go by fits and grow from the humors which putrifie in the Veins there is also alwayes present a lingering daily Feaver coming from the vapors sent from the Ulcer to the Heart which corrupteth the nourishment of the whol body and makes it dry and hot from whence the body must needs grow extenuated To there you may ad Sweatings at Night with which men in Consumptions are often troubled as soon as they begin to sleep for by sleep the Heat is drawn in which encreaseth the Inflamation of the Lungs and the heat inwardly increased causeth abundance of vapors which are thickned in the skin and turned into sweat Moreover There is a continual rigor which comes from the sharpness of the matter which pricketh the Membranes And Lastly You may ad sweetness of spittle which useth to come when it begins to Suppurate which is the original of Saltness Hippocrates shews also the signs of a Consumption confirmed in his 11. Text of the Book above mentioned in these words The longer this Disease lasteth the more absolute matter will be spet and the Feavers be the sharper the Cough more frequent and strong the body will more consume and yet the body is disturbed downward from Flegm and this comes from the Brain when any man comes to this he must perish In these Words we may observe that there are Five Signs of a Consumption confirmed The First
is The Spittle being more Mattery or rather Matter it self The Second is A strong Feaver and sharp more putrifying and the Ulcer more foul The Third is An often and violent Cough more than formerly often because of the great provocation and little evacuation therefore nature laboreth to do that at divers times which the cannot do at once and it is a stronger Cough not only because the greater sharpness of the Water doth more violently stir up the expulsive faculty but also because of the wearing away of the solid parts the breast is made more hollow hence comes a hoars and sounding Cough as from a hollow place The Fourth sign is Pining and want of Apetite which makes them leaner now the want of Appetite comes from the distillation which doth not only fal upon the spirital members but also upon the natural especially the Stomach whose mouth is thence weakened to the loss of Appetite as also from the putrid vapors sent thither either from the Feaver or the Ulcer The Last sign is A loose belly which comes from Flegm falling from the head by which in time the stomach and guts are weakened and the retentive faculty destroyed and this kills the Patient as we shal shew more at large in the Prognosticks To these signs of Hippocrates we may ad some other The First is A great Extenuation of the whol body so that al the Musculous flesh is consumed and the bones appear only covered with skin and hence it is that the nayls are crooked because the Flesh which was in the tops of the Fingers to hold up the nayls is consumed To this you may ad Difficulty of breathing both because the Faculty is weak as also because the Bronchia of the Lungs are stopt with putrid matter as also because the part is for the most part putrified and consumed and therefore cannot take in sufficient air to cool the heart so that what the Lungs cannot do by one breathing it must do by often And Lastly We may ad That in a confirmed Consumption that is desperate the Hair falls off the Cheeks wax blue except it be after meat and then the vapors sent up make the red Lice breed in abundance and the Feet swel Neither need we so many signs for if any ordinary man saith Areteus shal see a man pale weak and coughing and very lean he wil conclude him to be in a Consumption Yet we must observe diligently That somtimes a violent Catarrh falling upon the Lungs wil resemble a Consumption so that filth like Matter shal be spit forth and thence may a Feaver come through putrifaction and extenuation of body but they who are so are easily cured by diligence in means therefore let us distinguish this rightly from a Consumption which is chiefly done by discerning between putrid Flegm and Matter Thus Matter is of a dun Colour and less White than Flegm somtimes of divers Colours and being put into hot Water it sinketh and dissolveth but Flegm swims at the top and sticks together by reaof its sâ—â—ininess and wil not dissolve But if some of the Spittle dissolve and the rest not it is made of Flegm and Matter which often happeneth As for the Prognostick it is very hard to Cure a new Ulcer in the Lungs but it is impossible to Cure an Old because it is opened by the continual motion of the Lungs and by Coughing so that it wil not be united as also the force of the Medicine is gone before it can come at it and the lost substance of the Lungs cannot be repaired Moreover An Ulcer Spittle Feaver and Leanness require contrary Remedies for those things which dry the Ulcer do hinder Spittle increase the Feaver and Leanness and Moist things which are good against the Feaver and Leanness do make the Ulcer more foul Somtimes the Ulcer seems Cured and there is a scab upon it but with the least motion it fals off and the Disease returns A Consumption which comes from a smal Ulcer of short continuance although it be difficult yet is not uncurable if proper Medicines be timely used And they who have gathered Observations mention many so Cured now there is most hope when the Patient is strong the spittle white even of one colour and easily raised if the humor falling from the head pass through the Nose and if thereupon the Feaver abate if the Appetite be good there be no thirst if the belly bound in good order if the Patient have a good habit of body yong and have his breast large and hairy They whose spittle stinketh or have loose bellies or cannot spet are neer death as Hippocrates teacheth 1. Prog. Aph. 11. 12. Sect. 5. And Aph. 16. Sect. 7. A Consumption coming upon an acute Disease doth kill speedily but if it come from other Causes it is Chronical and lasteth many yeers And Avicen saith That he knew a Woman that lived twenty three yeers in a Consumption And Matthew de Gradi saith That another Woman which was alwayes about the fire lived in a Consumption twenty eight yeers The Cure of this Disease as is said is for the most part impossible if the Disease be Old but if it be New it may somtimes and easier when it is but coming upon them who are disposed thereto by an hereditary disposition but are not yet fallen into it Therefore we shal first lay down a Prophylactick or preservative and then shew how to cure the disease Therefore for the amending of the evil disposition in a Consumption use a cooling diet and moist and all such things as correct the blood and make it mild and correct its saltness and sharpness as the Waters of sweet Baths the use of Milk and the like As also China Roots boyled in smal Beer but the Decoction of the Sanders is the best which is not only good in a Consumption at hand or begun but also in salt and thin distillations and in old bleeding from thence The Decoction of Guajacum doth wonders upon the same account with the former either given in distilled Waters with a little white or red Wine as the disease will bear it Now the Decoction of Guajacum and of Sanders are made both alike both for the first and second drink and given the same way To these you may ad change of Air which is good both to prevent and cure And lastly those Remedies are good which we will lay down for the cure of the disease confirmed to be used first Now the whol Cure consisteth in the clesing and glutinating of the ulcer by taking away the Causes that produce and nourish it by opposing the Hectick Feavet and restraining of the Consumption First therefore because an ill habit of body may encrease the Ulcer of the Lungs you must use gentle purges at divers distances as long as the body is not very low And these must be made of Manna Rhubarb Cassia or Syrup of Roses thus Take of Barley half a
the Lungs and to Cure Ulcers Take this following for an Example Take of green Coltsfoot eight handfuls Hysop two handfuls bruise them and put them in a Pot with a little water lute it close then set it into the Oven when the Bread is half baked and then take it out with the Bread and put a Funnel into a hole made at the top and so take in the smoak through the mouth at the Lungs and put it out at the Nose and it wonderfully provokes spetting You must also Morning and Evening use a Cooling Liniment to the Breast As Take of Gum Tragacanth and Arabick of each one dram infuse them in Rose water a day and a night put then thereto of Oyl of Violets one ounce and an half Fresh Butter half an ounce Sal. Prunellae two drams Camphire one scruple Breast-milk as much as will serve Mix them in a Mortar to an Oyntment To Repair a Consumption or to Prevent or Hinder it besides Restoring Diets which are principally made of Barley Almonds Pine-nuts Rice Nuts and the like which Authors declare Milk commended at first is very good and a Bath of hot Water of Barley and Almonds bruised but this is not good in a Catarrh nor while there is a putrid Feaver nor when the Lungs are ful of Excrements Let his Drink be Water and Sugar Barley Water and Liquoris an Infusion of Liquoris a thin Hydromel or a weak Decoction of China The End of the Seventh Book THE EIGHTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Heart The PREFACE THE Heart hath many Diseases Similary Organick and Common But because few will submit to the Physitian in regard of the nobleness of the part which will endure long pain but a man is suddenly gone and there is no time for Physick we who intend to bring all our Labors into practice will lay down only three Diseases of the Heart which are usual and require many Medicines and we shall bring them into three Chapters The first shall be of Swooning The second of Palpitation of the Heart And the third of Weakness Chap. 1. Of Syncope or Swooning Syncope is defined by Galen 12. meth c. 5. to be a sudden failing of all the Strength For although the Heart only suffer and the Vital Spirits are only intercepted yet when it fails the rest must suffer because they have a continual and necessary influence from it It is called a sudden failing of all the Strength that it may be distinguished from other Diseases in which the strength goes by degrees till death come nor is the Doctrine of Avicen against it Fen. 1. Lib. 3. Tract 2. Cap. 2. where he propounds the sign of a Syncope that comes by degrees for although the Causes that dissolve the Spirits do somtimes work by degrees yet when they grow great they make a sudden Syncope and therefore Avicen rather propoundeth the signs that go before a Syncope than those that accompany it Moreover This Definition may seem to agree with an Apoplexy in which there is a sudden failing of all the strength but in an Apoplexy there is strength in the Heart and the Pulse is generally great and full And also there is great hinderance of breath with snorting but in a Syncope the breath is no waies stopped The question is Why When the action of the heart ceaseth doth the action of the Brain also cease since the Animal Spirit is made of the Vital by way of Concoction and must therefore stay some time in the Brain although the Vital do not constantly come to it We answer That the Brain as all other parts for the perfecting of its actions doth alwaies stand in need of adventitious heat which is brought to it by the Vital Spirits and therefore when the Vital Spirits come not neither doth heat come for the Brain to perform its functions There are other Diseases very like to Syncope differing only in degrees from it namely Eclusis Leipothumia and Asphuxia Eclusis is a light fainting Leipothumia or Leipopsuchia or Apopsuchia is a very strong and great fainting Syncope is the greatest which if it go so far that the pulse in the whol Body ceaseth to beat it is called Asphyxia which is next unto death The word Synchope was not used by Hippocrates and the Ancient Greeks but they call'd this Disease Leipothymia Lipopsychia and Asphyxia But it was invented a little before Galens time and used for the greatest so Galen 1. ad Glauc cap. 14. saith Leipothymia is an imperfect Syncope and goes before it By what hath been said it appears that the part affected is the Heart where the Vital Spirits are all made by whose influence the Natural heat and Spirits in every part are made to act therefore when that ceaseth by stoppage of the Influx of the Vital Spirits it is necessary that the strength of all parts should fail and their actions cease The immediate Cause of this Disease is the defect of the Vital Spirits not wholly for then sudden death would come but so great that Nature is constrained lest the strength of the Heart should totally fail to fetch the Spirits from the other parts to the Heart by which means the parts lose their functions Now this defect of Spirits comes four waies Either because they are Naturally few or because they are dissipated and spent or because they are preternaturally altered and corrupted or lastly because they are suffocated and destroyed They are few by fault of the faculty making or matter from which they are made The Faculty is hurt either by a disease proper to the Heart or by consent from another part The proper Diseases of the Heart which are the chief are great distempers which overthrow the Natural temper or destroy the substance of the parts or of the Natural heat as swooning Feavers sharp and malignant Syntacticae or Colliquantes or fainting pestilential hectical or Marasmodes which consume to this come organical diseases as too much constriction and dilatation and constant solutions which come to the Ventricles of the Heart The Faculty may be hurt by consent from other parts which have great sympathy with the Heart as the Brain and Liver and somtimes from the mouth of the Stomach by reason of its neerness and exquisite sence from whence a Syncope is divided into a Heart and Stomach Syncope The Cardiaca or Heart Syncope is when the Heart is principally affected but the Stomachia or Stomach Syncope is that which comes by consent from the Stomach Somtimes it comes from the Mother by filthy vapors sent from thence to the Heart from whence comes the Suffocation of the Matrix Apnoea or want of breath and Hysterical Syncopes as those vapors do assault the Lungs Diaphragma or the Heart The fault is in the Matter when the Air or Blood is defective or corrupted from whence the Vital Spirits are generated There is defect of Air when the Respiration and Transpiration is hindered but the defect of
Blood is when Nutrition is hindered there is a corruption of both when their qualities are changed So when the Air is infected in time of Pestilence it begets Leipothymia and Syncope as also stinking vapors and sweet also do the same with some Women and the blood is corrupted from evil meats Too great Evacuations whether sensible or insensible do disperse the Spirits The sensible are chiefly of Blood from the Mouth Nose Womb Belly Hemorrhoids Phlebotomy and great Wounds and next of other Humors which though they are Excrementitious yet because of their great Evacuation the Spirits are much dispersed and cause a Syncope These Humors are discharged by Vomit Stool Urine Sweat the opening of a great Imposthume especially if it be inward as an Empyema or outward as in a Dropsie when the Navil is tapped The insensible Evacuations are by the Rarifaction of the Skin and by the acrimony and thinness of the Humors immoderate heat hot Baths or Houses great Labors Also long watchings and fasting Lechery great anger and joy long and violent sickness do dissipate the Spirits as also great pain of the Heart Stomach Guts Reins Ears Teeth and of all Nervous parts An evil disposition of the Bowels doth alter and corrupt the Spirits and whatsoever doth procure a malignant quality which is adverse to the Heart as Air Stinks venemous and pestilential taken in by the Breath or bred in the Body from putrifaction of Humors as also poyson taken in or applied outward or sent to the Heart by biting of venemous Creatures Lastly The vehement returning of blood and Spirits to the Heart and an abundance of evil vapors gathered about the Heart and the parts adjacent and too much cold and thick blood gathered about the Heart and its Veins Arteries and parts adjacent do suffocate and destroy the Spirits We lately saw a Noble Lady a Virgin which from her Infancy was subject to this Disease that with every light passion of the mind she was taken therwith taken with a violent Syncope which ushered death in by a sudden return of blood and Spirits to her heart for when she should have been married to a fine yong man which loved her deerly and her Parents Friends and Kindred were solemnly met about it they gave her a Pen to write her hand to the Contract but she having not fully written her name fel down dead upon the ground Hence we easily conjecture that there was a great and sudden retraction of the Blood and Spirits to the Heart by a vehement passion of the mind which choaked the Natural heat and the Spirits therein of which she died suddenly Petrus Salius Diversus saw as he reporteth Lib. de aff part cap. 4. a Girle of fourteen years old fal into a Syncope from abundance of cold and thick blood garhered about her heart and the great vessels for having for a whol day a heaviness of head with giddiness and disturbance she died the next day after suddenly After being opened the blood appeared so congealed in the great Artay and Vena Cava or hollow Vein that taking it by the end you might draw it out like a Sword from a Scabbard Wherefore we judged That the sudden death came from the interception and stopping of the Veins by congealed blood This happeneth seldom for you shal seldom see blood in dead bodies so congealed for the veins have such a property to retain blood that even after death they keep it thin though without them it growth alwayes thick But Salius gives the Reason of this Congealation by comparing it with blood without the Vessels which as soon as it is cold is congealed and the sooner from the coldness thickness and slyminess of the Melanchollick or Phlegmatick humor therein contained Somthing like to this may be-sal blood constrained in the veins which abounding with vicious juyce thick and cold doth â—o sill the greater Veins that it stops the spirits and so extinguisheth them and then the blood grows cold and thick from those humors which otherwise would have been thin The Spagiricks refer this to a congealing Spirit made of a peculiar and extraordinary mixture of Humors which since it seldom happeneth the Disease is very rare And truly a simple Refrigeration cannot cause that concretion for then in dead bodies especially in winter the blood would alwayes be thick in the Veins but we find it alwaies thin but we may suppose that this Congealing Spirit is like that which causeth a Catalepsis or Congealation which makes the parts inflexible The Chymists do acknowledge such kind of Congealing Spirits to be in many Creatures Vegetables and Minerals such as are reported to be raised out of the Earth in some Histories of Men and Beasts who have been Congealed by filthy vapors coming from Earth-quakes or Dens so that their bodies became presently stiffe And Cardanus saith That such spirits are in Thunder-bolts in his History of the Eight Mowers who Supping under an Oak were struck stiffe and remained as at first the one seeming to Eat the other to reach the Pot and the other to Drink The Signs to this Disease by either are from the Subject which is more capable to receive it or from the Fit either coming or present or from the Causes that produce it The Subjects which are most fit to receive a Syncope are men who by some Natural Debility or Weakness from some Disease become faint-hearted Women rather than Men especially in their Terms or with Child As also they who have fine Constitutions subject to the Jaundice Spleen or Melancholly These things signifie that a Syncope is coming to them who are subject to it Anxiety and sudden disturbance of mind heaviness in the head giddiness an apprehension of divers colours green and yellow a sudden and often change of the colour in the face and of the beating of the Pulse When Leipothymy is present the same signs are but greater and there is often a cold sweat as also the sick complain of their faintness But these signs shew a Syncope A sudden failing of al strength a slow pulse low and at length stopping a pale and blewish face coldness of al the body especially externally a cold sweat especially in the temples neck and breast from whence the Disease is named The signs of the Causes are commonly manifest for Feavers malignant acute syncopal or fainting cause a proper Syncope or Swoonding are easily known As also those external Causes which make a sudden Syncope may be plainly seen As Anger extraordinary and Joy a sudden Fright stinking smels great bleeding and other large evacuations long watchings and fasting much lechery and grievous pain These things do signifie that the Humors and the Body are thin a sharp nose hollow eyes temples fallen and the gnawing of the mouth of the stomach trouble of mind pricking heat and great pain do shew abundance of Choller When there is abundance of crude Humors you may know by the enlarging of the body swelling about
part which quickly is gonâ— but you must gather the Nature and quality of the Vapor by the signs of the Humor which aboundeth in any part because vapors do alwaies arise from Humors If the Palpitation come from Humors in the Heart the Disease doth not come so suddenly and continueth longer and you may know what kind of humor it is by the signs of the Humor which abounds throughout the whol Body And especially if it be from Blood from which it most often proceedeth and this is known by a divers and unequal Pulse somtimes great somtimes smal slow and swift to which the Breathing answereth in proportion the Patients heart seemeth to be bound and oppressed as appears by the exceeding heat distension of the Veins redness of Face the time being Spring the Age Region and Diet causing Blood to abound That which comes by consent from other parts is known by the proper signs of the parts affected so we know that it is from the stomach when there is want of Appetite loathing vomiting of base Humors and gnawing at the Stomach A troublesom breathing about the Pancreas or Spleen or any other disease of the Spleen sheweth that the matter lurketh there from whence the vapors fly to the Heart so suppression of the Terms and Hysterical fits declare that it comes from the Womb. The Water abounding in the Pericardium is harder to be known but we may conjecture if the Pulse be weak and faint and the Patient bemoaneth himself that his heart as it were is somtimes in Water and is suffocated and if it be constant and he incline to an Atrophy or Hectick If malignant humors cause it there will be great change in the Pulse a loss of strength somtimes fainting and other signs of malignity If it come from a Tumor there is remarkable variety in the Pulse and the motion of the Heart is different from the natural very unequal and inordinate and if the humor be hot there will be great inflamation in the Body great thirst difficulty of breathing and fainting will follow with death but if the Tumor be hard and in the Pericardium the disease is constant and the Patient decayes by degrees without any manifest cause if flesh or any more solid thing grow to the heart there will be a continual Palpitation from the beginning of the Disease to the end of Life Lastly You may know when it comes by want of Spirits by the precedent causes which destroyed the Spirits and by the quick and smal pulse and when it comes from the least labor or motion Somtimes the like befals them that are well from walking or other motion with a change of Pulse and a resembling Palpitation The Prognostick is to be taken thus It is dangerous from the hinderance of the motion of the Heart by which Life is preserved and it brings Syncopes and death For it is a true Observation of Galen Com. Aph. 41. Sect. 2. and 5. de loc aff cap. 2. All that in youth or in declining age are troubled with the Palpitation of the Heart very much die before they are old for the often Palpitation is a sign that the Vital faculty was very weak A Palpitation by Propriety is worse than by consent and somtimes deadly And that which is of an internal is worse than that which comes of an external Cause unless it be from poyson or some great wound If it come from a Tumor or solution of Unity it is incurable The Cure is various according to the variety of the Causes and first that which comes from a peculiar distemper of the Heart and Pericardium is incurable therefore we must look only at the Cure of that which is by consent which depends upon the divers diseases of the parts whose Cure must be sought in their proper Chapters But besides those Remedies which take away the Cause you must use those which asswage the Symptomes by refreshing the Heart and strengthening it and which discuss the vapors which arise from melancholly or crude waterish Humors as Cordial Juleps Opiates Epithems Perfumes which are prescribed in weakness and these that follow Take of Conserve of Balm Rosemary-flowers Borrage-flowers and Clove-gilly-flowers of each one ounce Confection of Acorns and old Treacle of each one dram the Pouder of Diamber and Diamoschi dulcis of each one scruple with the Syrup of Citron Barks make an Opiate which let him take often Take of Bugloss Rose and Orenge-flower Water of each two ounces the syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers one ounce and an half Cinnamon Water half an ounce the spirit of Roses two drams Confection of Acorns one dram mix them and give two spoonfuls now and then This following Liquor which immitateth the Juyce of Hearts described in the following Chapter is good Take of Hogs or Sheeps Hearts three Cinnamon and Cloves of each one dram Lettice and Sorrel seeds of each one dram and an half white Wine two ounces Borrage Scabious and Rose Water of each one ounce and an half Confection of Alkermes one dram boyl them all between Two Dishes and let him take two spoonfuls of the Liquor morning and evening Take of Red Roses and Rosemary-flowers of each two drams Lavender flowers one dram Angelica seeds Citron peels Cloves Cinnamon and Mace of each half a dram Saffron one scruple Musk and Amber-greece of each six grains Make a Bag with red Silk and sprinkle it with Rose water and white Wine and apply it warm to the Heart Take of Oyntment of Roses half an ounce Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves of each six drops Musk and Amber-greece of each four grains Mix it for a Liniment for the heart Purging Clysters and Carminative to expel Wind are often to be given But in the Fit it is best to open a vein And Galen witnesseth 5. de loc aff cap. 2. That he never did it without profit Some apply Cupping Glasses without Scarrification to the Breast which they say are excellent to discuss Wind there contained Others to the Hypochondria when the matter of the Disease is there But Zacutus Lusitanus applied a Cupping Glass with Scarrification to the heart with wonderful success as you may read in prax admir obs 133. lib. 1. Others commend true Rhapontick given to two scruples in Wine or Wine wherein the same hath been steeped Chap. 3. Of WEAKNESSE ALthough Weakness of Strength doth generally comprehend the hinderance of al Actions Animal Vital and Natural yet more particularly it comprehends the Vital which are known by a Weak Pulse yet this Weakness useth to be found in al great Diseases in which Nature doth yeild or resist the Cause Therefore as in Palpitation the Action of the Heart that is Pulsation is depraved so in Weakness it is diminished Which is the same with a Syncope but it differs in this In a Syncope it is so little that it is hardly perceived but in Weakness the Pulse is manifest and not so little In this also the Animal Faculty is
cast upon the hot coals and let the fume thereof be received in a large funnel by a hollow chair tying a wooden or silver pipe to the narrow hole and putting it into the Fundament A Fumigation made of Mullein is the best of all If you can apply Remedies to the Veins that bleed it is best therefore that they may appear And therefore let the Patient be laid upon a Table and strain as if he were at stool till they appear using an Instrument if there be need And then apply the afore mentioned Cataplasm of the Hair of an Hare and Spiders Webs or other very drying Remedies Bole Allum or burnt Vitriol Also to touch the Vein with Oyl of Vitriol is good or in extream danger with Aqua fortis Which things if they prevail not Hippocrates in his Book of Diet in acute Diseases and of the Hemorrhoids shews the way of tying cutting and burning of them which operation is out of fashion now as being most painful and perilous Although Massaria saith that he once saw it the story whereof will be prositable to be related for by that you may learn the way of working and the event The History is this Frederick Corsicus of Vincentia first had the pain then the immoderate flux of the Hemorrboids And when he had in vain tried many things went to Padua where the Physitians by a common consent concluded that the blood must be stopped But when many means inwardly and outwardly were in vain used in the end finding no Remedy they concluded to try this Manual Operation But having no fit Chyrurgion they sent for a Neapolitan who professed this Art and he cut tied and burnt the Hemorrhoids of Fabricius thus First he bound him so that he could no waies move then he separates the Hemorrhoids from the Intestine then with a Needle he passeth throw and seweth them and tieth all about strongly then cutting off the part of the Vein which is above the sewing he burns it with a hot Iron It was a painful Operation from the Ligature Section and Burning So that Frederick had a Feaver and great pain But the Chyrurgion gave him a few Medicines by which he was freed both from feaver and pain in a few daies to the admiration of all men there and recovered from bleeding But it is not to be omitted how he being too confident and neglecting bleeding and purging which he stood after in need of keeping no orderly diet the next yeer he was taken with a pestilent Feaver and died From whence we may observe the Precept of Hippocrates Aph. 12. Sect. 6. That one Hemorrhoid must be kept open Except the Patient as Aetius observeth had rather prevent the danger that comes by stopping of it by a good diet exercise bleeding and purging But in an ordinary Cure by Medicines you must consider the Liver and Spleen because the Meseraick Veins are inserted into them especially if they be hot or weak And therefore not unprofitably do we apply Epithems or cooling and strengthening Oyntments such as we prescribed in the flux of the Liver and shal more at large be laid down in the hot distemper and inflamation of those parts Somtimes the Obstruction of the Bowels and Meseraick Veins do cause this Disease which are to be taken away for the Cure of the Patient And we have somtimes done it with Pills of Steel which are prescribed in the Obstruction of the Liver The whol time of Cure let the Patient drink ordinarily Iron Water or the Decoction of Yarrow At the same time above all things you must rectifie the blood which is the chief cause of this flux Therefore if it be sharp and Chollerick it is often to be corrected with the infusion of Rhubarb and Tamarinds If it be hot and thin with thickening and cooling Medicines if watery with dryers if much with a slender Diet. For it is vain to think of stopping of the blood except the original of the evil be first taken away Which Solenander observed Cons 22. Sect. 4. in this following History I remember saith he that I had one Ann a Dukes Daughter of a great flux of the Hemorrhoids and because she was far spent I took much pains to stop the flux But when I perceived that the first day after they were stopped she began to swel about the Heart Being sent for again the seventh day I opened the Veins again nor could I safely stop them before I had given gentle Evacutions and alteâ—â—ng and strengthening things for the Liver After you have cured the flux of the Hemorrhoids you must prevent their return which is done by good Diet and bleeding twice or thrice in a yeer and with an ordinary Purge of a Magistral Syrup or other Medicine with an issue made in the Leg and the like which are to be altered according to the divers dispositions of Bodies Moreover Mineral Waters of Vitriol Allum and Iron are very convenient Fonseca commends the Decoction of the Mastich Tree or the Infusion of it in VVine for a Prevention thus made Take of the shavings of Mastich wood two ounces infuse them in twelve Pints of Wine twenty four hours in a warm place then strain it and drink of it a whol month for ordinary drink for it hath strength to stop the Haemorrhoids and strengthen the Stomach Chap. 11. Of the Pain of the Haemorrhoids THe Haemorrhoid Veins that are in the end of the Rectum Intestinum or streight Gut somtimes do swel and cause very great pain This swelling comes of the same Cause with the Flux or bleeding of the Haemorrhoids namely Of blood offending in Quantity or Quality which if it findeth not away and cannot open the ends of the Veins there it settleth and by filling of the Veins causeth a Tumor with Inflamation and pain The principal Cause why Blood cannot get out of the Veins is the thickness of it because it is Melancholly for commonly the Hemorrhoid Veins especially internal are said to receive Melancholly from the Spleen and somtimes to purge it forth Authors give many differences of Hemorrhoids from their greatness number figure and place whence some are called great others little some more some less some are like Grapes Mulberries Warts or Bladders thence termed Uval Moral Verrucal or Vesical Some are External some Internal From these things the knowledg of them is easie for from a Tumor in the outside of the Fundament from its greatness color and consistence the differences are known And they are to be distinguished from other Diseases which use to be in the Fundament as Rhagades Clefts Condylomata Swellings with Inflamation Thymi Kernels Fici Piles and the rest Rhagades are certain Ulcers like Clefts in the Hands and Lips from vehement cold They have no likeness with the Hemorrhoids but we will explain them with the rest although they are properly to be referred to external Diseases that you may with the knowledg of the Hemorrhoids know all diseases of the Fundament Condylomata
presently said that there was none and searching his Belly he found it in the Abdomen He judged upon this ground Because the Patient had not his face so discolored as useth to be in the Inflamation and Imposthume of the Liver The like Example is in Valeriola Lib. 4. Obs Cap. 5. of a certain Woman which was thought by another Physitian to have a Phlegmonous Tumor in the Liver But saith he When she sent for me I judged it not to be so but in the Muscles And a little after he saith When I first came I touched the place and I found a long swelling in the right Hypochondria down to the very Navel the Face was red fresh and of a Rosie color mixed with white continuing all the time of the Disease in the same state the Vrine was very good both in color and in respect of the things contained From all which it appeared that not the Liver but the Muscles over it were affected for when the Liver is affected there is alwaies a discoloring of the face For Galen saith that he knew many diseased in their Livers by their colors Lib. 5. de loc aff cap. 7. for the color in such is commonly yellowish white and inclining somtimes to green Moreover It is troublesom to distinguish a Pleurisie from an Inflamation of the Liver as you may observe in Galen 5. de loc aff cap. 7. in his History of Sâ—câ—ilus the Physitian who was deceived in himself supposing that he had a Pleurisie because he had a Feaver little and frequent breathing a smal Cough and a pain neer the lower Ribs but Galen by his stools which were like water wherein flesh had been washed knew that his Liver was inflamed for such a flux doth shew that the Liver is greatly disordered But this sign cannot alwaies distinguish a Pleurisie from an Inflamation of the Liver For as Galen teacheth in the place cited such kind of moist and bloody stools come only when the Liver is inflamed when it is also very weak otherwise one sign of the Liver inflamed is by Galen costiveness Therefore when the Liver is not weak you must look for other signs by which you may distinguish them If then the Inflamation be in the Pleura towards the right Hypochondria the pain wil be vehement and pricking the breath more difficult there will be no change of color the Cough will be greater and not dry but commonly especially in the encrease of the Disease with bloody Spittle somwhat at least discolored and lastly the Pulse will be hard and like a Saw But in the Inflamation of the Liver the pain is less joyned with heaviness the color is yellowish there is a dry Cough now and then the Pulse is not so hard and lastly there is a Tumor in the right Hypochondrion And if the Inflamation be in the Mesentery the Tumor will appear beneath the Region of the Liver there will be no change of color in the Face the stools will be moist in which at first there wil be thin and unconcocted Matter afterwards concocted in those of whom there is hope of recovery The Prognostick of this Disease is thus made Every Inflamation of the Liver is very dangerous and for the most part deadly And if it doth not kill presently it ends in a Dropsie or Atrophy or Consumption All the hope of recovery is from the strength as Galen 10. meth cap. 5. An Inflamation of the Gibbous or bunchy part of the Liver is more dangerous than that which is in the hollow part by reason it is neerer the Heart the Midriff and hollow Vein An Inflamation coming from Choller is more dangerous than that which cometh of pure Blood because then the Feaver is stronger and other symptomes greater The Hiccoughs in an Inflamation of the Liver are evil Hipp. Aph. 17. Sect. 7. For it shews the encrease of the Inflamation and malignity which doth by consent disturb the Stomach A Loosness joyned with an Inflamation of the Liver is deadly except the Matter voided be concocted and the flux be Critical If the Inflamation of the Liver cannot be discussed as it seldom can and if the Faculty be strong it turns into an Imposthume otherwise it turns into a Gangrene or Sphacelus The Suppuration for the most part wil be within twenty daies And this Imposthume is very dangerous and few escape thereof But if it be little and only in one part of the Liver and the matter white and even which comes forth by Urine or Stool they escape Also a Tumor in the Convex or outward part of the Liver which appears in the Skin as it were movable may be opened with an actual Cautery and if the Matter coming forth be pure and white they escape for the Matter is contained in the Tunicle but if it be like Lees of Oyl they die After the Imposthume is broken if the Putient live there remains an Ulcer which is very troublesom to cure and if it be not superficial it causeth a Dropsie or Marasmus Also an Ulcer may be in the Liver from sharp Humors that corrode it especially if they be chollerick and spread through the substance of the Liver which putrifying by degrees get a maligâ—â—nt and venemous quality The knowledg of this Ulcer which comes from the sharpness of the Humors without Inflamation afore going is difficult But it may be known by some signs And first there is an ulcerous pain in the right Hypochondrion and the Patient waxeth lean and if it be in the hollow part of the Liver there are stools with Pus or Matter and somtimes with Blood and pain of the Guts by reason of the sharpness of the Humors like a Dysentery which is distinguished from this Disease in this Because there is a weight and pricking about the Liver And somtimes Authors have observed that pieces of the Liver have been voided by stool But if the Ulcer be in the gibbous or outward part the Water is Mattery without any distemper of the Reins or Bladder There is a smal Feaver in the encrease of the Disease which turneth into an Hectick The color is yellow and somtimes there are smal pustuls which come from the adustion of Humors in the Face There is a loathing of Meat and especially of flesh a stinking breath and often fainting Concerning the Prognostick It bringeth a lingering Hectick Feaver And if the Ulcer be not smal superficial and cured betimes it is deadly Those Exulcerations of the Liver which follow Inflamations and Imposthumes are more dangerous than those that arise without them The Cure of the Inflamation of the Liver is the same with that of the Inflamation of the Stomach afore mentioned and chiefly in respect of Phlebotomy Purges and altering Remedies are to be given in the beginning of the Disease You must also give often Clysters such as were prescribed in the Inflamation of the Stomach But afterwards cooling clensing and opening Juleps such as were described in the
There is a heat in the Hypochondria and a certain Inflamation inward somtimes in one side somtimes in another from hot Humors contained therein especially when they are moved by inward or outward means so that the Face will grow hot and red from those vapors and somtimes there is an Ephemeral or Feaver for a day by those vapors sent through the whol Body The Urine is somtimes thick somtimes thin Thin when thick Humors stop the passages through which it is as it were strained thick red and troubled by reason of the mixture of the thick Matter which is very salt and therefore is called Materia Tartaria and it lies at the bottom of the Urinal like a thick Sediment Or some part of it sticks like red Sand to the sides which makes many fear the Stone without cause because this same is not bred in the Reins but in the Liver from a burnt and salt Humor and you may know this because it dissolves between the Fingers like Salt which will not when it comes from the Reins Somtimes there is a Palpitation or beating of the Heart by reason of the vapors ascending which while it labors to expel make it move violently and then the Patient thinks himself in great danger Somtimes there is a beating in the left Hypochondrion when hot Humors are there from whence vapors arise and make the Pulse or Systole and Diastole of the Arteries greater so that both the Patient and the standers by may feel it which is chiefly after heat with Anger motion or drinking of much Wine This beating is chiefly in the Coeliack Artery which is the chiefest in that part In an old Disease it is somtimes constant and this signifies an Habitual and incurable Disease An Aneurism somtimes followeth this great breathing from the enlarging of the Coeliack or some other Artery and from the hot blood in them which being very thin and full of many hot Spirits continually dilateth and stretcheth the Arteries while there is an Aneurism such as Fallopius observed Lib. de tum preter naturam cap. 14. in an old woman who being opened had an Aneurism in her Belly into which he put his fist From which mark by the way the great providence of Nature which fearing the breaking of an Artery through too much enlarging hath made the coat of it as hard as a bone as Fallopius observed in the same place Also Paraeus in his sixth Book Cap. 28. tels the like story of an Aneurism found not in the Belly but the Breast in the Venal Artery which was so stretched that it could contain his sist and also the inward Tunicle thereof was like a bone And we have seen the like about two yeers agone namely an Aneurism in the Breast by the dilatation of an Artery which would hold the fist of a Boy of fifteen yeers old and the Tunicle thereof was grown like a Gristle The evil vapors that ascend from the Hypochondria produce many Symptomes for being sent to the Pallat and Tongue they dry those parts and cause a thirst when they go to the Lungs and Midriff they cause shortness of breathing when to the Membranes of the Brain Head-ach when to the Brain noise in the Ears dimness of Sight Giddiness Fear and Sorrow and divers Melancholly Phansies And if they be malignant and very sharp they cause an Epilepsie or Falling-sickness if they come to the Nerves Convulsions and if they be stupifying they cause a Numbness and bastard Palsey Coma and Apoplexy if they get into the Brain But if these vapors be hot and dry they dry the Brain and cause watchings troublesom sleep and frightful Dreams and at first though they sleep well after Supper til midnight afterward they wake some three or four hours and some sleep again about three or four a clock others not at all The reason whereof is this Because while the Chyle is carried to the parts that serve for the second Concoction then the evil Humors lying in the Vessels are stirred and send up vapors which being sent by the Veins and Arteries to the Head cause watching and if they be quickly discussed they sleep again but if they continue long they watch the other part of the night We have formerly spoken of all these Symptomes and we say again That all are not in all men but more or sewer according to the variety of the Humors and parts affected This also is to be marked It is not Essential to Hypochondriack Melancholly that stretching hardness pain and swelling should be in the Hypochondria because the cause is for the most part in the Branches of the Gate Vein and Arteries adjoyning and sends from thence vapors to the Heart and Brain Oftentimes there is stretching in the Liver and Spleen which signifieth That the Humors stick in those parts but if there be no stretchings it is a sign that the evil Humors lie in the Veins of the Mesentery Caul Sweetbread and Stomach These proper Symptomes shew that the Stomach is affected with sowr belchings and stinking or loathing vomiting want of concoction and somtimes flux of the belly As for the Prognostick This Disease is not deadly for the most part but of long continuance many times the whol life therefore it is commonly called the disgrace of Physitians because they do seldom cure it and if the Patient seem to be cured it returns again in a few months it is also called the Scourge of Physitians because they who have it are continually asking new Medâ—câ—nes and presently satisfied therewith and dayly complain to the Physitian for others The Flux of the Hemorrhoids doth good in this Disease if it be moderate but if it continue long it is dangerous A thick Urine is better in this Disease than a thin and watery which shews that the thick Humors are detained in the Body Black Urine without a Feaver doth often Cure this Disease It s good in this Disease to have a loose Belly and bad to be bound Also Vomiting if the Patient be refreshed thereby is profitable but if it continue long it is dangerous A Giddiness and continual pain in the Head in this Disease ends in an Epilepsie Blindness or Apoplexy The Cure of this Disease is in three things chiefly first in opening Obstructions secondly in amending the distempers of the Bowels and in discharging of the peccant humor not omitting strengtheners For which a wise Physitian may use these following First give a Clyster then this Potion Take 〈◊〉 Senna half an ounce Annis seeds and Cream of Tartar of each one dram Borrage flowers Fumitory and Sorrel of each half a handful Liquoris three drams boyl them to three ounces Dissolve in the straining Rhubarb infused in Lavender Water one dram and an half double Catholicon three drams Compound Syrup of Succory one ounce Make a Potion to which you may well add in a strong Melancholly one dram of Confectio Alkermes The day following let Blood from the left side chiefly or
half an ounce beat them in a stone Morter powring on by degrees the Decoction of Barley Liquoris Purslain and Mallow tops one pint and an half make an Emulsion for three Doses adding to each Dose one ounce of the Syrup of Violets and one dram of Lapis prunellae and if the pain be great add a little Syrup of Poppies and one dram of Gum Arabick in pouder or the Syrup of Marsh-mallows according to Fernelius or of Mucilages You may make Broths thus Take of Marsh-mallow Roots half an ounce Mallows one handful Liquoris half an ounce Quince seeds one dram boyl them with Chicken Broth make it often The Whey of Goats Milk is very good given in great draughts as we said in the hot distemper of the Liver And if there be no Feaver you may with more profit give Milk by it self because it doth not only clense but allay pain and temper the sharpness of the Humors In an old Disease it is good to give Mineral Waters that cool especially Allum Iron and Vitriol Waters for by Experience we find that they have cured this Disease when it hath been inveterate Instead of the aforesaid Juleps the simple Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets may be used by which Forestus saith Obs 4. Lib. 25. he cured a grievous Dysury many times and that there is nothing like it Forestus also Obs 3. of the same Book that an Apothecary cured himself and others with the white of an Egg beaten with Rose Water He also reports that a woman cured an old man of Delf with Chamomel flowers boyled in Milk Amatus Lusitanus 58. Curat Cent. 6. saith that a Woman was cured when all means failed with Conserve of Mallow flowers she took one ounce morning and evening and drunk after it three ounces of Mallows Water And Curat 59. he saith that one who had a Dysury after he had voided a stone was cured by the same in three daies The Conserve of Marsh-mallow slowers is of the same or greater Vertue Some commend the Troches of Winter Cherries given with convenient Liquor the quantity of a dram because they are Diuretick abate sharpness and pain When the pain is very great it is good to put the Yard when you piss into warm Milk or a Decoction of Mallows and white Poppy seeds or warm Water only A smal Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets and Conserve of Roses is good for ordinary Drink You may also make Injections into the passage of the Bladder of Milk or of an Emulsion of cold Seeds Plantane Water or Whey with the Water of a white of an Egg beaten or one scruple of the Troches of Winter Cherries External Medicines are also good as Baths half Baths Fomentations to the Privities made of cool Herbs Liniments of Oyl of Roses Water Lillies Unguent of Roses Galens cooling Oyntment Populeon with Camphire and the Mucilage of Fleabane made with Plantane Water Also you must apply Epithems that cool to the Reins and Liver and the aforesaid Liniments and the things mentioned formerly for the same When sharp and chollerick Humors flow from the Liver you may derive by an Issue in the right Leg or by opening the Hemorrhoids which is very good in al diseases of the Reins and Bladder according to that of Hippocrates Aph. 11. Sect. 6. because from the Spleen Vein called Ramus Splenicus there are branches go to the Reins Bladder and Hemorrhoids The End of the Fourteenth Book THE FIFTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of WOMENS Diseases The PREFACE THose are called Womens Diseases which are proper to them only and come from the defect of that part which is distinct in them from men viz. the Womb of which Democritus in his Letter to Hippocrates said that it was the cause of six hundred miseries and innumerable Calamities But we to lay down those Diseases of the Womb which are most usual will divide them thus Some come from the Vessels and some from the Body of the Womb or Cavity others are in respect of its chief and noblest act of Generation From the distemper of the Vessels of the Womb and the preternatural causes come Chlorosis or green Sickness stoppage of the Terms immoderate Flux the Whites Rage of the Womb and the Mother In the Cavity of the Womb are Inflamations Vlcers Scirrhus Cancer Gangrene Dropsie coming forth and shutting up thereof these may hinder Generation but by accident The Diseases which are in respect of Conception Breeding and Bringing forth are Barrenness acute and Chronical Diseases of Women with Child Abortion difficult bringing forth dead Child Secundine retained immoderate flux or suppression of blood and the acute Diseases of women in Child-bed All which Diseases we will speak of in as few words as the dignity of the Matter will permit Chap. 1. Of the Green-sickness called Chlorosis THis Disease by Hippocrates is called Chlorosis by the Modern Physitians the white Feaver the Virgins Disease the Pale color of Virgins the white Jaundice but vulgarly the Green-sickness It may be defined thus An evil habit of Body from the Obstruction of the Veins of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery and especially of those which are about the Womb which is accompanied with a heaviness or unwildiness of the whol Body beating of the heart difficulty of breathing a desire of evil Food and the like This Disease depends immediately upon the Obstruction of the parts in the lower Belly especially of those Veins which are about the Womb whereby the free passage of Blood to the Womb is hindered which abounding in Virgins when they begin to have their Terms and being hindered of its Natural course by those Obstructions runs to the upper parts and oppresseth the Heart Liver Spleen Diaphragma or Midriff and other parts destroyes their Natural heat stops the Vessels hence is there an evil Concoction in the Bowels and from thence their Body is ful of Crudities which being carried forth make an evil Habit. In other parts they produce divers Symptomes in the Hypochondria a swelling of the Bowels by which the Midriff is oppressed which causeth shortness of breath And because gross blood and wind are carried by the Branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery into the Heart which contend against them for fear of Suffocation by often moving of its Arteries there is a palpitation of the Heart and often a beating in the Temples Besides they have in this Disease a loathing of meat because the Stomach is filled with crude Excrements by reason of its evil Concoction and distribution which excrements having gotten an evil quality by a peculiar kind of corruption cause a desire of evil meats and things not ordained for nourishment as Salt Spices Chalk Coals Ashes and the like which Disease is called Pica Malacia or strange Longing which we have at large spoken of in its proper place among the Diseases of the Stomach The Causes of the Obstructions in the Veins of the Womb and the Hypochondria are
the Patients belly above the Navel be strongly girt with a swath-band that the womb may be thereby reduced and the vapors hindred from ascending Concerning letting blood it is a great question Whether it be convenient in the sit or no For seeing there is at that time a great weakness in the Patient and somtimes despair of life and the body is cooled all over by malignant vapors which infest the Brain and Heart which can no waies be expelled by blood-letting no question the use thereof is very dangerous during the fits And of this Opinion are Varandaeus and Sennertus But Mercatus and Rodericus a Castro do determine contrarily That a Vein ought to be opened in the Patients Ankle or Instep when the Disease springs from an abundance of Menstrual blood retained and that the Patients strength oppressed with the burden the passages obstructed with too much blood and the danger of suffocation hence arising can be remedied by no other means but bleeding seeing in this case neither stinking smels nor sweet smels nor Cupping-Glasses can bring the Patient out of her fit Philippus Hoechstetterus in the second part of his Observations makes it appear by certain Histories that bleeding in the Foot hath done much good Insomuch as a certain Nun which had been speechless and in Convulsion fits for two daies together two hours after she had bled began to speak and to eat and drink Iam of Opinion a Vein may be opened if the Pulse be strong and there be evident tokens that blood doth super-abound But if the Pulse be weak we must forbear and stay till the fit is over for a more convenient season in which blood may be safely taken away Plaisters are profitably applied under the Navel of the Mass of Emplastrum Ceroneum which mollifies and discusseth and so is better than the vulgar Womb-Plaister which doth somwhat bind and therefore may retain the vapors and malignant humors Plaisters are likewise made of Galbanum and Assafoetida or of Caranna and Tacamahaca either alone or with some Spices mingled with them As for Example Take Gum Caranna half an ounce Pouder of Nutmegs and Cloves of each half a dram Oyl of Amber four drops Turpentine two drams Make all into a Plaister Such Plaisters are to be in fashion of a Shield or Scutcheon and in the pointed part of the Plaister which must be laid towards the Water-gate some of Musk or Civet are to be put that they may send forth a sweet smell and thereby allure the Womb back again Three grains of Musk may be put in a little Cotton moistened with Oyl and thrust into the hole of the Navel then lay on a sinal Plaister of dissolved Galbanum This some Women for a Secret Or four grains of Camphire may be dissolved in Oyl of sweet Almonds and put into the Navel and a Diapalma Plaister laid over it If the Disease seem to be fostered by plenty of wind and vapors Fomentations and Baths will be good of the Decoction of Rue Mugwort Time and Calaminth Fennel seed Annis seed Cummin seed Bay-berries Chamomel Flowers Dill flowers c. Also little bags may be prepared with Cummin seed Annis seed Carrot seed Salt Rue Bran in them and applied very hot and often renewed Or Take Oyl of Rue four ounces Spirit of Turpentine half an ounce Mingle them and dip therein a piece of Bread hot out of the Oven and lay it upon the Navel Also it will be good to anoint the lower part of the belly the Region of the womb Share and Loyns because such anointings do dilate the Passages attenuate the Vapors and discuss them They may be made of Nard Oyl Spike Oyl Oyl of Dill Sesamine Saffron Lillies and Sweet Almonds Authors do very much commend a fume of the warts which grow upon Horses Legs which being dried in an Oven and beaten to Pouder they are burnt under the Noses of women in these fits as a present Remedy whereby women are wont to be in an instant delivered of their fits to the admiration of the by-standers If the Disease spring from Retention of Seed nothing is better than carnal Conjunction as soon as the Patient is out of her fit if she be married Instead of carnal Conjunction where that cannot he had many advise that the Patient be rubbed and tickled by a Midwife in the Neck of her womb into which the Midwife must put her fingers anointed with Oyls of Spices that so the offensive Sperm may be voided But seeing that cannot be done without wickedness understand by a silly superstitious Papist that counts it a meritorious good work to burn Mother and Child in her womb alive as at Jersey and a wickedness to free a sick body of a little offensive humor a Christian Physitian must never prescribe the same To Discuss those malignant Vapors which cause the womb-fit many Medicines are wont to be given down the Throat among which is a dram of old Venice Treacle with water of Mugwort Penyroyal and Balme Troches of myrrh to the quantity of two scruples or Oyl of Amber to five or six drops with the said Liquors Pills are frequently used the best are made after this manner Take Castorium Myrrh Assa-foetida of each one scruple faecula Brioniae half a scruple seeds of Rue and Saffron of each seven grains with Syrup of Mugwoâ—t make twelve pills Let her take three or four if she cannot swallow them let them be dissolved in Water of Mugwort These following Pills are good in a violent fit which they are wont to remedy without fail Take Assafaetida one scruple Castoreum six grains Laudanum three grains make all into three or four Pills Let her take them presently Pilulae Faetidae majores although they be purging yet are they given to good purpose in the Fit to half a dram For they gently evacuate and are not wont to work till the fit be over so that there is no danger in their working Also many waters are wont to be given in the fit viz. Aqua vitae Cinnamon water or Treacle water Or a specifical water may be made after this manner Take Zedoary roots Carrot seeds Lovage roots of each two ounces red Myrrh Castoreum of each half an ounce Piony roots four ounces Misleto of the Oak gathered at the wain of the Moon three ounces powr upon all these being prepared four pints and an half of Feaver-fewwater Spirit of Wine half a pint let them digest three daies and afterward still them The dose is a spoonful by it self or with some other convenient liquor A more easie water to make more pleasant to taste and no less effectual is this following Take of the juyces of Bawm and Borrage clarified of each two pints the best Saffron one dram Let them be infused and distilled in Balneo The Dose is a spoonful with Broth. This following potion is vulgarly used Take of Cinnamon Water half an ounce Turnep Water four ounces Castoreum four grains Make all into
begun and an Inflamation bred which proves very troublesom whether the woman be sufficiently purged or not the superior Veins are presently to be opened right against the Part affected because such an Evacuation draws Blood out of the Part Affected But if the inferior Veins should be opened which are neither next the part affected neither can evacuate therefrom both the strength of the Patient will be weakened by the evacuation and that matter which is by Nature driven into a corner and subdued wil not be thereby diminished And so you must either draw all her blood in a manner out of her Veins to revel the matter of the Disease from the part affected or the woman will be killed by the Disease before sufficient Revulsion be made Neither need we fear lest by taking blood from the upper Veins we should draw the Course thereof from the womb because in such Cases the superior parts of the Body do abound with blood And although much blood be taken away yet are not the Veins so emptied that they should be forced to draw new blood from other parts Yet for the greater Caution it will not be unprofitable before blood be taken from the superior Veins to cause the Thighs to be lustily rubbed and presently after to tie them with bands so hard as to pain the woman which must abide so bound til the bleeding be over and a little after they may be loosened and now and then Cupping-Glasses must be fastened to the same parts or at least they must be again wel rubbed So we may procure an evacuation of the Matter offending and yet preserve the Natural course of the blood towards the Womb. The same course is to be taken in vehement and burning Feavers For although the matter offending be dispersed through the Body yet is the burning heat so great about the Heart and Bowels that it cannot be so wel extinguished by the opening of a smal and far distant Vein as by the opening of a neerer and greater such as is the Vein called Basilica This Method of Curing may be observed not only in Child-bed women but in other women who are taken with Acute Diseases and have their monthly Courses upon them If in the end of a Womans Lying-In an acute Disease befal her the same Course must be followed as in the middle the same conditions being observed observing this for a Rule That by how much a woman is further from the beginning of her Lying-In by so much more safely may the uper Veins be opened but the neerer she is to the beginning yea even in the middle we are to open those Veins with the greater premeditation And if the Disease be not importunate nor the sharpness thereof require such a thing and the Natural Purgation be copious we must wholly abstain But if the Purgation be scanty we must open the inferior Veins to supply that which is wanting in the Evacuation But if the contrary shal happen let us follow that Rule which we presceibed to be followed in followed in the urgency of an acute Disease The use of Purging in Childing Women that are held with acute Diseases shal be comprehended in these following Maxims While the Child-bed Purgations do Naturally flow a Purge is never to be administred for it is to be feared lest Nature be diverted from her business But if the Child-bed Purgations are not kindly we must consider whether their consist its Quantity or in Quality If they offend in Quantity so as to be too little so that the woman be purged either not at al or not sufficiently After al Remedies fit to procure these Purgations have been given in vain and the Morbisick matter appears digested eight ten or twelve daies being past since she was brought to Bed according to the more or less urgency of the Disease she may be purged gently wholly abstaining from al stronger Purgatives If other Purgations offend only in Quality so that a white flux or some other unnatural color do proceed from her the Matter being ripe she may in the last part of her Lying-In be safely purged But this must evermore be generally observed That by how much the longer a Childing Woman is distant from the day of her bringing to bed by so much the more safely she may be purged and contrarywise For Experience hath taught us That women wanting their Child-bed Purgations if after the seventh or ninth day they are taken with a loosness they commonly scape But if the Loosness seize upon them upon the first daies viz. on the secoed third or fourth for the most part they die And so have we finished the Cures of Womens Sicknesses all Praise and Honor be given to God therefore The End of the Fifteenth Book THE SIXTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of Diseases of the Joynts and Rhewmatick Pain of the whol Body The PREFACE THough all Diseases of the Joynts depend upon the same Causes differing only in respect of the place affected and are wont to be cured with the same Medicines yet is there some difference between the Sciatica or Hip-Gout and the pains of other Joynts by reason of the structure and largeness of those parts of which the Huckle or Hip-bone is articulated and made up in respect of which it requires some diversity in certain Medicines therefore it is that I have resolved to treat of the Sciatica by it self And because the Rhewmatick pain incident to the whol Body hath great Affinity with the running Gout which afflicts only the Joynts I have thought good to annex the Explication thereof in this place so that this Book will consist only of three Chapters Of which The First will treat of the Pains of the Joynts in General The Second of the Pains of the Huckle-bone called Sciatica The Third of those Rhewmatick Pains which seize all Parts of the Body Chap. 1. Of Pain in the Joynts called Arthritis or the Gout ARthritis or the Gout is a pain in the Joynts which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an Influx of Humors into the said Joynts The parts pained are Membranes Tendons Nerves and al the Nervous parts that are neer the Joynts which are stretched by the Humor which flows into them or by their sharpness are pricked and twitched but the Ligaments which spring out of the Bones are void of sence Now the Humors which cause the Gout do seldom flow into the very Cavities of the Joynts and that only in an old Gout and where the Cavities are wider than ordinary as it happens in an old Sciatica in which somtimes the Thigh-bone fals out of its place the Ligaments and other parts binding the Joynts together being loosened and then the Cavity of the Joynt is filled with a snotty kind of flegm as we see in Hippocrates Apor 59. Sect. 6. It is wont here to be demanded why the Humors flowing into Nervous and Membranous Parts and distending and twitching then they should not cause a
the fore-cited place That he cured the most of such as had this Feaver suddenly by letting them bleed til they fainted away which bleeding was attended by a loosness vomiting of Choller and plentiful Sweat Yet in these daies of ours that same large blood-letting is out of date which is not without danger seeing Galen himself relates in his Book of Curing by Phlebotomy Chap. 12. That it besel three Physitians while they were practising this large Blood-letting that instead of fainting away their Patients died out-right It is better therefore at several times to take away so much blood as the Nature of the Disease doth necessarily require Before Blood-letting if the Patient be Costive or the Guts abound with Crudities an Emollient and Laxative Clyster must be given As for the point of cold Water Galen orders it to be given in so great quantity that the Patient grow pale tremble and be cold all over and so he saies it extinguisheth the fiery heat it strengthens the solid parts and drives out unprofitable Humors by stool by urine and by sweat But he saies there must be many Cautions in the use thereof viz. That it be given in the Vigor of the Feaver the signs of Concoction appearing that the Patient have been used to drink cold Water in time of health have strong bowels and full of juyce a fleshy and wel-set Body have a constant and vigorous strength be not full of thick and clammy Humors have no tumor in any bowel nor stomach throat or sinews weak Otherwise if these conditions be wanting it is to be feared lest the Patient fall into shortness of breath Dropsie Trembling Convulsion Lethargy or some other grievous Disease This kind of Medicine is likewise grown out of date in our times seeing it is hard to observe all those conditions and so many dangers attend the undue use thereof For it is better to use other more safe Medicines which cool the whol Body and the Blood as Juleps and opening Emulsions Epithems Liniments and a Diet altogether cooling Juleps are made of the Decoction of Barley or Sorrel or Cichory or with Water of Cichory Endive Sorrel Lettice adding Syrup of Juyce of Cichory Lemmons Pomegranates Vinegar c. Whereunto also for the greater cooling and opening may be added some drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur If the distilled Waters seem too crude or raw let them boyl with a little Species Triasantalon or Diamargaritum frigidum Emulsions may be made after this manner Take sweet Almonds blanched and steeped in Rose Water one ounce the four greater cool Seeds and Seeds of white Poppy of each two drams Beat them in a Marble Mortar powring on by little and little a pint and an half of Barley Water In the strained Liquor dissolve Sugar of Roses three ounces Make an Emulsion of Almond Milk for three Doses Which will be convement and is to be preferred before Juleps if there be want of Rest Epithems to be laid upon the Region of the Heart and Liver may be thus made Take Water of Roses Bugloss and Lettice of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum one dram and an half Camphire six grains Make an Epithem lay it upon the Region of the Heart Take Water of Endive Cichory Sorrel of each four ounces Vinegar of Roses an ounce and an half the three Sanders two drams and an half Make an Epithem for the Region of the Liver A cooling Oyntment may be anointed upon the Liver and Loyns of Vinegar of Roses Vnguentum Rosatum Vnguentum Refrigerans Galeni or Ceratum Santalinum washed in Vinegar tempered with Water If the Disease seem to lengthen after bleeding we must purge lest the wheyish and Chollerick Excrements putrefie and thereby a putrid Feaver arise But we must use such Medicines as purge without heating and agitation of Humors as Cassia Manna Syrup of Roses Tamarinds Catholicon and such like Ad hereunto a convenient Diet viz. Cooling moistening and thin of Broths made with cooling Herbs Prunes and sharp Apples boyled and Panadaes Let the Patients Drink be a Decoction of Barley Water boyled and Water with Bread boyled in it or mixed with Syrups of Maiden-hair or of Pomegranates Chap. 3. Of an Hectick Feaver AN Hectick Feaver occupies the solid Parts of the Body which constitute the Habit thereof and are commonly called Spermatical or fleshy in regard of which parts it is more fixed and rooted than other Feavers which are in the Spirits or Humors For which cause it is also termed Habitual because it is become Habitual and can hardly be removed from its subject There are many Divisions of this Feaver For first of all there is a Primary Hectick which begins of it self and another Secondary which follows other Feavers Secondly an Hectick Feaver is simple and solitary or joyned with a putrid Feaver Thirdly some Hecticks begin at the Heart others from other Parts as the Lungs Liver Spleen Kidneys Womb and other Parts inflamed ulcerated corrupted or possessed with some other grievous Disease And this Feaver though it have its habitual seat in the Heart and the whol Body yet is it commonly termed Symptomatical because of its first Original which it hath from other parts Galen makes three Degrees of an Hectick Feaver The first is the very beginning of an Hectick in which the Body is hardly extenuated yet the moist Humidity of the Body is inflamed consumes and dries The second comprehends the Augment and therein is an evident extenuation of the Body the fleshy and fat substance of the Body perishing The third contains the state of the Disease and its last age for it never comes to a declination because therein viz. in that degree it is incurable for then the fibrous and membranous substance of the Body is consumed and the whol Body is so extenuated that the Face of the Patient is like that described by Hippocrates nothing but skin and bone This last Degree is called Marasmus or rather Hectica Marasmodes because in a true Marasmus cold is joyned with dryness The Causes of an Hectick Feaver are divided into an Internal and External To the External are referred what ever Causes may occasion any of the other Feavers if the Action of Heating be continual and vehement or the Patients Body be apt to entertain this kind of Feaver Such are the heat of the Sun or of the Fire vehement Exercise Meats and Drinks that are heating immoderate Evacuations as in a Loosness and bloody-flux vehement passions of Mind and finally fasting in a Chollerick Body that is hot and dry of Constitution seeing Galen affirms that those Physitians that were wont to enjoyn their Patients to fast three daies together did bring Chollerick Constitutions by that means into burning and hectick Feavers The Internal Causes are burning and pestilential Feavers which do speedily consume the moisture of the Heart also a long slack Feaver Also some peculiar Disease of any of the bowels
the Patient not be able to endure the sudden sence of contrary qualities So that our Practitioners do more advisedly and more compendiously whiles they conveigh the Patients into a bath of Water moderately hot in the morning after a stool procured by Nature or by Art and two or three hours after they have eaten some broth or milk or the Yolks of Eggs wherein they abide solong till it grow luke-warm of it self and at last cold For seeing Galen conceives the use of a cold hath after an hot to be so necessary that without it the hot bath doth no good the use of a cold bath is supplied if the Patients stay so long in the bath til of it self it grow luke-warm and cold But this Caution is to be observed That whereas a three-sold quality may be had in the same bath the Patient must abide in the hot a little while in the luke-warm longer in the cold least of al. And although the Ancients were wont to make their baths of simple Water yet is it good to make them more moistening by boyling therein Emollient and moistening Herbs as Mallows Marth-mal-lows Violet Leaves c. or with barley and beaten Almonds especially in the Summer because a bath of Decoction of Herbs is sooner corrupted After bathing the sick is softly to be wiped with hot Cloaths then to be anointed with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds with fresh Butter and after some time of rest let the Patient eat some broth or other food A bath of Water and Oyl is exceedingly cried up by Zacutus Lusitanus in the 35. Observation of his third Book of wonderful Cures where with he saies a yong woman was cured when a bath of simple Water and Goats Milk could not help The reason of which great good he renders to be this Because bath made of fresh Water with store of Oyl in it doth soften the distended stiff parts doth moisten the dry and withered and by opening the pores obstructed and through dryness contracted it draws the Nourishment to the outmost and most distant parts of the body When the Patient cannot use baths apply an Epithem to the Heart and Liver in this manner compounded Take Waters of Roses Water-lillies and Purslain of each three ounces Juyce of Pome-Granates an ounce Pouder of Diamargaritum frigidum two drams Bones out of the Stags Heart one scruple Camphire four grains Make an Epithem for the Heart Take Waters of Endive Lettice Cichory of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce the three Sanders of each two scruples Burnt Ivory one scruple Make an Epithem to be applied to the Liver Also the Region of the Liver may be anointed with Oyntment of Roses or Ceratum Santalinum But Oyls and Unguents must be sparingly used because they may somtimes encrease the Feaver Among the Symptomes which are wont to come upon this Disease the chief is a Loosness which is wont to bring the Patients to their death This is to be bridled with a Decoction of French-barley toasted for their ordinary drink Syrup of Quinces dried Roses Chalybeate Milk Rice boyled in Milk and such like SECT II. Of Putrid Feavers The PREFACE PVtrid Feavers are divided into Continual or intermitting The continual Putrid Feavers are generated when a putrid Vapor or a preternatural Heat which ariseth from putrefied Humors doth perpetually afflict the Heart and stirs up therein a continual Heat from whence likewise is perpetually diffused a Feaverish Heat into the whol body But the intermitting Feavers are caused when the said Vapors are carried unto the Heart only at certain distances of time Continual Feavers are again divided into Essential and Primary or Symptomatical Those are called Essential and Primary which spring from a putrefaction inflamed in the common Veins and not in any particular part of the Body Those are Symptomatical that arise from the putrefaction or suppuration of som particular part inflamed out of which part by communion of the Vessels a putrid vapor may continually be carried unto the Heart Such feavers are seen in the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs Inflamation of the Liver and in the Inflamation of other Internal Parts Again the Primary continual Feavers are two-fold for some are without any Exacerbation or Fits and remission but continue alike from the beginning to the end and are called Sunochi or Continentes But others have manifest Exacerbations or fits and remissions and are called Sunecheis or Continuae by the name of the kind And these again from the difference of their Exacerbations or fits and remissions are divided into three sorts For some are called continual Tertians which have their Exacerbations or fits every third day others continual Quotidians that are exasperated every day others continual Quartans that are exasperated every fourth day The intermitting Feavers or Agues are likewise divided into Tertians Quotidians and Quartans according as their Fits are wont to return every third every fourth or every day There are other Differences of Feavers likewise which are either Accidental or arise from the Composition of those aforesaid all which we shall Particularly and briefly Explain Chap. 1. Of Continual Putrid Feavers ALthough there are divers sorts of a continual putrid Feaver yet have I determined to describe the Cure of them all together because in a manner the same Remedies are suitable to all of which some differ only in more or less and are accordingly to be varied which depends more upon the Judgment of a Physitian and his Dexterity attained by Practice than upon particular Precepts Yet shall I as neer as I can observe what is peculiar to every sort of Feaver in its peculiar place Feavers Putrid Continual and Primary or Essential are wont to be bred of the putrefaction of Humors which are contained in the Veins and greater Arteries And according to the various Nature of putrefying Humors several Species do arise Synochus Putrida is distinguished with no fits or exacerbations but its whol time is taken up as it were with one fit which reaches from the beginning to the end of the Disease and of this as of a simple Feaver there are made three differences The first whereof is that which continues all alike during from the beginning to the end The second is that which encreases by degrees The third is that which decreases by little and liâ—tle The first is named Acmastica or Homotonos and it happens when the whol course of the Disease the manner of putrefaction is one and the same The second is called Epacmastica when more putrefies than is dissipated The third is called Paracmastica when less putrefies than is dissipated Yet allthough these kind of Feavers do perpetually increase or decrease or keep the same Tenor yet doth not this hinder but that they have four times if they terminate in health but some have them longer others shorter if they be considered according to the vehemency of the Symptomes So that which is called Homotonos hath a very breif beginning and
Augmentation but a long state The Epacmastick hath a long augment the paracmastick a long declination but the other times do quickly pass away Yet we must know that the times of Putrid Feavers are two waies considered either with respect to the Symptomes or with respect of coction and crudity which two in other Feavers do commonly comcide or happen at one and the same time But in these continent Feavers called Sunochoi it is not so For their times ought not so much to be defined by the increase and decrease of the Symptomes as by the signs of Concoction or non Concoctions which appear cheifly in the Urines Now Galen propounds two sorts of this continent Feaver called Synochus one springing from Blood putrefying of which he treates in the second of this Method Chap. 7. and 9. as also in the 9. of his Method Chap. 3. and 5. another arising of choller putrefying in the greater vessells of the kind of burning Feavers which he explaines in his second of the Differences of Feavers and the second of Crises Chap. 6. The first is called Synochus Sanguinea and the other Synochus Biliosa For allthough the whol Maâ—s of Humors conteined in the Veins do go under the name of Blood yet do we acknowledg four Parts thereof of which the more temperate is specialy called Blood the hotter Part Choller the rawer and colder flegm and the thicker and more dreggy Melancholy So then if that more temperate Part which is more especially called Blood do surmount the rest in quantity and the whol Mass putrefy that Feaver is caused which we term Synochus Sanguinea But if the thinner and hotter Part of the Blood which is of thâ— nature of Yellow Choller do exceed the rest and putrefy that Feaver is caused which we term Synochus Biliosa Synochus Putrida is ingendred by the same causes which are wont to produce the simple Synochus And so not only the shutting the pores of the Skin but the obstruction of the vessells also by reason of much Blood and thick and claâ—my Humors is wont to cause this Feaver For seeing by such like obstructions the Transpiration of Fuliginous Vapours is hindered putrefaction is bred in the â—lood redounding within the Veins A continual tertian which every third day doth more afflict the Patient than ordinary takes its Rise from bad and Chollerick Blood putrefying in the Vena Cava And the Causes thereof are all such things as multiply this Humor in the Body as an hot and dry distemper of the Liver Meats hot and dry Youthfull Age fasting or very spare Diet vehement and frequent exercise hot and dry constitution of the Air over great watchings and such like A continual Quotidian which the Barbarous writers term Latica or lurking because it hath a certain hidden and concealed heat is produced by flegmatick Blood putrefying within the Veins therefore it hath its exacerbations or fits every day It is wont to assail flegmatick bodies as of Infants and Children and old men as also of such as are of a fat and corpulent constitution given to idleness and cramming of bellvchear and inhabiting moist places This kind of Feaver happens but seldom because flegm is hardly putrefied A continual Quartan is that which is exasperated every fourth day being Caused of Melancholly Blood putrefying in the branches of Vena Cava And all things may Cause this Feaver which are apt to breed Melancholly Blood and to Cause the same to putrefy Howbeit this kind of Feaver is most rarely observed The accidental differences of Feavers are taken from their evil Symptomes which are wont to be complicated with the Essentiall and from them they are named Among these are wont to be reckoned Febris Ardens that is the Burning Feaver Colliquans the â—elter or dissolving Feaver the shivering Feaver Horrisica Assodes the tumbling tossing and vomiting Feaver â—lodes the sweating Feaver Syncopalis the swouning Feaver Epiala the Feaver which makes the Patient hot and cold at one and the same time Causus or Febris Ardens the burning Feaver is properly that which is perpetually accompanied with these two symptomes viz. an ardent burning heat and an unquenchable thirst though the Patient drink never so much Galen 3. Epidem Com. 3. text 34. It is divided by the same Galen in Com. 4. de Vict Rat in acutis text 13. into a Ligitimate or bastard burning Feaver The Legitimate or exquisite burning Feaver is that which hath the two symptomes aforesaid allwaies and evidently conjoyned therewith The bastard in which those symptomes are less vehement the thirst less Urgent and the body not so burning The Lightimate is Caused by a Chollerick Humor putrefying within the large Vessels near the heart the bastard is caused by Choller mingled with Flegm or Salt Flegm putrefying in the Vessels aforesaid Whence it appeares that a Ligitimate burning Feaver is no other but a continual Tertian Feaver whose Matter is more sharp and plentiful than ordinary and conteined in the larger Vessels which are neer the Heart whereas the Matter causing a simple continual Tertian is in Vessels Remoter from the Heart Again there are two sorts of an exquisite burning Feaver the one from the beginning to the end hath one only accession or fit which we before named Synochus Biliosa and it is likewise called Synochus Ardens which is caused when the Humor putrefying doth occupy al the Vessels which are most neert the Heart the other is named Ardens Periodica and conteines in it self divers fits or accessions it is caused by the same Choller conteined in the Vessels neer the Heart but not in al or not so neer as in Synochus Ardens So that a Continual Tertian Synochus Ardens and Ardens Periodica do differ one from another only as the Choller causing them is more or less sharp plentiful and neer the Heart Febris Colliquans the Melting Feaver is of the kind of burning Feavers which in regard of the exceeding heat doâ—h suddainly melt the Fat Flesh and substance of the solid Parts and somtimes the Blood conteined in the Veins and dissolve the same by insensible Transpiration Sweats Urines or Stools It is wont to be caused by a thin sharp and Chollerick Matter which is vehemently inflamed and Galen teaches that often times there is adjoyned thereunto a malignant and pestilential Quality Comment in 3. Epid. Sect. 3. Sent. 57. Horrifica Febris in Greek Phricodes is that Feaver in which the Patient doth often undergo shaking fits it is caused by a mingled Matter viz. Partly Chollerick and Partly Flegmatick oâ— wheyish which being unequally moved is wont to excite those Horrors or Shakings either because the thin sharp and wheyish Matter doth twitch and nip as it were the sensible and menbranous Parts or the inflamed Choller doth putrefy and put in motion the crude Humors or because Nature doth in Vain seek to shake of the crude undigested Humor whereupon the Heat being driven Back to the Centre the Extream Parts of the Body are cold and afterwards
Thirst greater than in a Quotidian and lesser than in a Tertian a Pulse in the beginning slow rare languishing afterward stronger frequenter and very unequal The Urine in the beginning thin afterwards various the body dry and lean of a tawny or swarthy color Temperament cold and dry Age inclining Autumn of the Yeer or very changable weather a life intangled with many Cares and Studies suppression of the Hemorrholds Swelling of the Spleen and Exacerbation or vehemency more than ordinary of the Feaver every fourth day The Signs of a Causus or burning proper to that Disease were propounded before viz. a burning heat of the Body and an unquenchable Thirst Yet it is to be marked if any Cough arise that the Patients Thirst is thereby diminished viz. by such moisture as is drawn by the Cough out of adjacent parts howbeit the Cough is never wholly taken away while the Feaver lasts The other Signs are all such as we have before shewed do signifie a Feaver from Choller Yet the signs which signifie a bastard burning Feaver are much more remiss than the foresaid A melting Feaver is known by a sudden Consumption of the Body and growing lean the Eyes are hollow the Temples fallen Nose sharp Stools red fat stinking clammy corpulent sincere chollerick and frothy the Urines fat and Oyly The Shivering Feaver and the tumbling and tossing Feavers are to be known by what is said of them in their Descriptions In the Feaver called Elodes the Skin is ever moist with a clammy moisture and the heat to feel to is not very sharp Malignity is distinguished from the largeness of putrefaction because in Case of malignity the Urines are in a manner Natural or appear not much different from the Natural or somwhat swins in the Urines like a Spiders Web when the Fat melts or if with the Urine there comes away somwhat like Vetches or Barley which signifie a melting of the flesh or finally abundance of Urine coming divers daies together when the blood and humors are melted Add hereunto an extream decay of strength a smal contracted Pulse not very frequent In great putrefaction the Urines are thick and troubled the Pulse great soft and frequent Syncopalis Febris viz. the Swooning Feaver is known by fainting sits and swoonings frequently befalling the sick And that sort called Minuta is distinguished from that Humorosa because in the former are seen the signs of a Chollerick in the latter of a Flegmatick Feaver as they were lately set down The Feaver Epiala is known only hereby That at the same time heat and cold is felt in the whol Body Finally Symptomatick Feavers and such as are called Comitatae are known by what hath been said of them in their Histories or Descriptions Now in every of these sorts of continual putrid Feavers the Prognostick Signs are to be described by which their events may be presaged And first for Synochus Putrida seeing it is of the kind of acute Feavers it is not without danger Yet if signs-of Concoction do evidently appear upon the fourth day and no error be committed it will terminate towards health the seventh day But if the Signs of Concoction appear later it may reach unto the eleventh or fourteenth day But if no signs of Concoction appear and the sick have a round swollen Face like a Globe it signifies the Disease will be long By how much the Urine is redder at the beginning other signs corresponding by so much safer it is and signifies the Disease wil soon come to an end if there appear therein signs of Concoction but with signs of Crudity it threatens death especially if the party be weak White Urine is the worst of all and commonly portends death Among the Differences of Synochus Paracmastica is more secure Acmastica more dangerous Epacinastica most dangerous of all Furthermore an exquisite Synochus and benign rightly Cured is safe a bastard one that hath malignity in it with cruel Symptomes and strength decayed is dangerous Chollerick Feavers inasmuch as they are acute are also dangerous and that more or less according to the more or less distemper vehemence of the Symptomes and validity of the Patients strength The distemper is measured not only absolutely by the degree of Heat it self but also comparatively with reference to the Natural Constitution of the sick party so that look how much the heat is encreased above the Natural temper of the Patient so much the greater is the danger So a burning Feaver in an old Man or in Winter is for the most part deadly The vehemence of Symptomes is considered in actions Animal Vital and Natural in Excrements qualities changed and proper adjuncts whose enumeration requires a work by it self according as we have expounded them in the third Section of our Semiotica or Doctrine of Signs out of Hippocrates his Aphorisms Prognosticks Predictions and his Coic Praenotions which may easily be transferred to this place And finally the strength of the Patient must be compared with the vehemence of the Symptomes For if the strength be lusty and likely to hold out against the Cruelty of the Adversaries there is good hope if not we may justly fear the Patients death A continual Quotidian is wont to be long by reason of the thickness and contumacy of the Humor but if divers Evacuations happen in its course it is wont to be the shorter We must measure the danger thereof by comparing the vehemence of the Symptomes with the Patients strength And the cheife care ought to be least it degenerate into a Cachexy or dropsy by reason of the obstructions of the Liver and spleen which happen in these long Feavers A Primary continual Quartan is most rare yet somtimes an intermittent Feaver or Ague degenerates thereinto and then for the most Part deadly The melting shaking Tumbling Sweating and Swouning Feavers seeing they borrow their Names from such bad symptomes as they are attended with they are in regard of such symptomes extream dangerous and for the most Part is deadly Finally the Prognostick of Symptomatick Feavers is to be gathered from the Excellency of the Parts affected vehemence of the Symptomes and Validity of the Patients strength Now in the Cure of al putrid Feavers we must take our Hints or Indications from the Feaver from its Cause and from the Patients strength The two former indicate their own ablation or removal the third it s own Preservation Which must be done by assistance of those ordinary Medicinal Utensils viz. Diet Manual Operation and Medicaments The Diet in all Chollerick Feavers ought to be cooling and Moistening in flegmatick and Melancholick more warming and attenuating Let therefore the Air be cold and moist which being drawn in by the Lungs unto the heart doth exceedingly temper the burning heat thereof Yet must not the Patient be laid bare to the cold Air because transpiration which is exceeding needful would by that means be hindered and the sooty Vapours and sweats would be driven back again into the
master them and because by them many obstructions are caused by which Transpiration is prohibited and at length putrefaction engendred And finaly passions of the Mind are wont vehemently to exagitate the body and to disturb the humors and so they much Dispose the body to receive infection and especially fear and Sadnes which Drawing the vital Spirits inward do as it were choak and smother them whereby the vigor of the Heart is so broken that it cannot sufficienly resist the venom and first assaults of pestilential Sicknesses yea verily and the Humors being stirred in the veines and vehemently disturbed are thrust out of their Natural constitution and do conceive a malignant putrefaction Insomuch that some have conceived that Pestilential Diseases are bred in Camps and at Sieges of Towns not so much through bad Diet and stink of dead Carcases as through Terror Fear Anxiety and dread of Death which do exagitate the Humors and put them into a tumultuary Combustion and Fluctuation The Signs of a pestilential Feaver do some of them foretel the disease when it is coming others declare it to be present and others witnes where it has bin All which must be set down because the first tend to Preservation the second to Cure and the third sort to be a Caveat to such as are not yet infected The Signs which foreshow a pestilential Feaver are taken from three things viz. From the the Disposition of the Body from the Presence of Causes and from some intermediate dispositions Those bodies are disposed to receive pestilential Infection which have collected evil Juyces through bad diet and by a preposterous use of the six non-natural things aforesaid Or such as being plethorick do gorge themselves and inordinately and unseasonably replenish themselves Furthermore some that are neither plethorick nor cacochymical do dispose their bodies to the reception of this disease while they torment their minds with most troublesome passions or give themselves immoderately to carnal embracements for from these two Causes the pestilential feaver is very ordinarily produced forasmuch as by them corruption is easily introduced even amâ—ngst good humors for Passions of the Mind do distract and draw away the spirits from their proper operations and overmuch Carnal embracement does weaken al the powers of the body but the Spirits being distracted and the vertues weakened the Humorrs change their Nature and grow corrupt Finally those whose principal Members are weak or some waies tainted either from the womb or by bad diet or any other external Cause which have an hot and moist temperature which have a very thin or very compacted habit of body are al disposed to pestilential Feavers for hot and moist bodies are subject to putrefaction thin bodies are liable to al 〈◊〉 compacted constitutions have no free transpiration The presence of such Causes as can breed a pestilential feaver do portend the same and consequently il seasons and unnatural temper of the year Dearth and Scarcity of Victuals Wars and other Causes reckoned up before when they appear they declare the Plague to â—â— approaching Those intermediate dispositions are when such a disposition oâ— body and the Causes aforesaid being present wee see a Man more â—ad than ordinary an unexplicable fear in him without good ground or cause the Colour of the face changed is not rightly disposed in point of die is disturbed with bad dreames infested with wearines which comes without labor thirst watchings stomachsickneâ— it is easily conjectured that man wil have the Pesttilence for al there thing do declare that the humors do attain another nature and do corrupt from whence comes a pestilential Feaver Such Signs as declare the Pestilence to be present are exactly to be propounded and therefore al the Heads of Signs must be run over out of which this Disease may be known which Heads of signs are taken from the three kinds of symptomes because the symptomes are the Effects of Diseases and Causes can no way so conveniently be known as by their effects And therefore some signes are taken from the Actions hurt some from Excrements voided and others from qualites changed Unto which Heads a fourth must be added taken from supervenient Infirmites To the right understanding of which these things following must be premised Frist we must know that the same signs in a manner doe shew a pestilental Feaver properly so called and a Feaver simply malignant and that the signes of the one and the other doe differ only according to more and leâ—s so that in the pestilential Feaver the symptoms are more and in the malignant Feaver less cruel yet there are some adjuncts more proper to the one than the other which we shall declare in their proper place Secondly we must note that there is no true proper and Pathognomonick sign of these Feavers viz. Such an one as wherever that signe is there is the pestilence and where that sign is not there is no pestilence no not the Bubo or swelling in the Groyn nor the Carbuncle seeing that many have them not though they have the plague and many have Buboes and Carbuncles that have no malignitie in them neither are those purple spots any such pathognomonick sign although a malignant Feaver is from them termed the spotted Feaver forasmuch as many have a malignant Feaver without any such spots those spots doe sometimes appear on women that want their courses and in some Children by reason of a light ebullition of â—lood without any Feaver which I have often seen in both Howbeit by a Concurrency and collection of all signes and tokens these Feavers may certainly be known Thirdly we must mark that al the signs which shall be propounded are not found in al sick persons of these Feavers but only a part of them which notwithstanding will be sufficient punctually to discover the kind of the disease For according to the variety of patients bodies the intention or remisnes of the disease now these kind of symptomes anon those do chiefly shew themselves Finally it must be known that the signs of a pestilential and malignant Feaver although they are also found in other Feavers yet are made in some sort pathognomonick in this Feaver in a two-fold respect First because in these Feavers they are so conditioned as in other Feavers they are not For the Head-ach Ilness at Stomach Vomiting the manner of the Heat and other signs when they accompanie pestilential Feavers they have a peculiar malignant condition whereby they differ from themselves when they accompanie other ordinarie Feavers which is wel known to them that are but indifferently exercised in the Practice of Physick Secondly because the symptomes do not observe the same proportion among themselves in these Feavers which they doe in ordinarie ones So that the heat being gentle to the touch the pulse not much changed doe shew a smal Feaver yet with them is joyned mighty Head-ach watchings and somtimes raveings and other symptoms which are wont to accompanie a