contraries as thus Let not the instrument be oyled euacuat not too much â—loud lastly forbeare exercise motion of the arme What veines are to be opened both in generall particular diseases Chap. 21. SOmetime are opened veines sometime arteries Of opening of an arterie wee purpose to speake afterward in a Chapter by it selfe And now of opening onely of a veine which is vsed in many members Sometime in the arme called Manus magna somtime in the hand called Manus parua somtime in the feete somtime in the nose somtime in the forehead lipps toung palat or roofe of the mouth sometime in the corner of the eye toward the forehead sometime in one place sometime in another as this discourse following doeth plainly teach It is knoweÌ„ to those that haue seen Anatomies that there are in the bodie of man two sortes of veines Generall speciall Fiue veines are opened in Manu magna in the great hande that is ab ascellis vsque ad cubitum that is from the elbowe forwarde or downward as Rhazes faith in 7. ad Almonsor Chap. 21. and Auicen in quarta i. Chap. 20. VVhere note that Phisicions by the great hande do meane the whole arme together with the hand as by the foot the whole legg from the hippes or huckle bone to the soale of the foote The common or generall veines which appeare in the middest of a mans arme are these The first is Humeraria or Humeralis in Greek called Omiata because by the shoulder it commeth to the hande It is also called in Latine Vena exterior the outward veine because it goeth along on the outside of the arme It is againe called Cephalica or the veine of the head This veyne is most apt and fit and most safe to bee opened for diseases of the vppâ—r parts of mans body it is lesse dangerous than the rest because there is no sinew or artery vnder it to hinder or indanger the opening thereof If a man chaunce not to touch it at the first stroke he may be bold to strike it againe for there is I say no ieoperdy to cut any muskle It is opened with a long cut to let out grosse bloud and albeit there be no feare of any sinew artery or Tendon vnderneath it yet wound it not too deepe for feare of apostumation This veyne is taken when the parts aboue the breast or necke as the face or heade are discased Therefore it is opened profitably for passions of the heade as Hemicrania the Mygrame and Mania Madnesse which commeth of too much abundance of good bloud hauing recourse vnto the heade And such other like hote passions of the head proceeding of hoâ—e matter Also Cephalica is taken in headach watchings and paines of the eies If it bee opened for headach purge a day before with a certaine quantity of Pils of Hiera simplex according as the learned Phisition shall appoint thee to take If you cannot finde out this veyne in the arme take his braunch about the thombes ende Galen cap. decimo sextode Curand raâ—io per sanguin missio Cephalica opened cuacuateth and pulleth backe from those parts which are aboue the canell bone of the throat called Clauicula and this it doth with the more celerity and greater speede if it be opened in the arme more weakely and with lesse speede if it be taken but in the braunch thereof that is betweene the forefinger and the thombe Inward and outward affects of the head whether they be but yet a beginning or that they are in Statis maximo in the greatest force are cured and drawen backe by opening Humeraria veyne in the right arme if the affects be on the right part or side of the heade or in the left arme if the paine be on the left side This practise may be done not so speedily but at more leysure only to preuent the foresaid cuils to come by opening the braunch of Caephalica iust betweene the thombe and the forefinger These affects are oft remoued without opening of a veyne as are also sometimes frensies rauinges apoplexies euen by scarrification of the shoulders by boxing and bleeding at the nose Item eies inflamed and burned with sharpe droppinges and cies that water are remedied First by opening of Humeraria on that side where the paine is most and afterward the matter of these affects is pulled backe by applying cupping-glasses to the hinder part of the necke and shoulders The second generall veyne in the arme is the inner veyne of the same called of the Greekes Haepatitis Of the Latins Fecoria or Lienaris late Phisitions call it Basilica or Regia in the right arme it is called Hepatica the veyne of the Liuer and in the left arme Pulmatica the veine of the lungs it is also called vena interior and it commeth or groweth thorough the armehole Fuchsius calleth it Axillaris that is the veyne comming from the liuer to the arme hole Of Axilla which is the arme hole or hollow place vnder a mans arme where the haire doth grow The opening of this veyne is very doubtfull and dangerous both for the artery and muskle that lyeth vnder it and alfo for the manifold and vncertaine course of the sinewes in that place specially it maketh a man more doubtfull in the inner bought of the arme than in other places because there the arme is lesse fleshy Ignorant Barbers thinking to open Basilica open oftentimes a great sinew hard by it which is like a veyne and so the vitall spirits and life it selfe oft runneth out together with the bloud and this doo ignorant Barbers take in cure for headach and want of sleepe when they should take Cephalica of whose dangerous boldnes we spake before Chap. 19. This veyne emptieth from those parts which are beneath the necke as are the breastes sides lungs heart liuer spleene and marrow yea it emptieth from the middle part of the body vsque ad Clauiculam to the canell bone of the throate and iâ— opened to helpe passions of the brest stomacke spleene and liuer and also to helpe Pluresies of the sides If ye cannot spie it in the arme seeke the braunch of it betweene the fourth and the little singer the liuer and heart are the roots of this veyne Seuerall fulnes being no affect of any particulâ—r part without choice may be withdrawen from any veyne yet most commonly it is done with greatest profit from the inner veyn of the right arme which principally euâ—cuateth from vena caua the hollow veyne and the liuer So also is fulnes of choler taken fromthe inner veyne of the right arme as melancholly repletion is abated from the inner veyne of the left arme according to the sâ—ituation of the Milt In which regard the Basilica of the left arme is called aboue Lienaris That repletion which commeth of a filthy gathering together of raw and crude humors must equally bee taken out of both armes In the cure of Feuers this order of bleeding is to
bee obserued A simple Sinochus feuer or a simple feuer putrified or caused through putrifaction of humors requireth to haue the Basilicam of the right side or arme opened So doth an hote pestelenciall feuer simple and not compound So doth a tertian and a continuall quotidian A quartan requireth the inner veyne of the left arme This is also the Methode in pure intermittant and discontinuing feuers if either the plenitude or accidents will haue vs to open a veyne Revulsion of matter from those partes placed betweene the canell bone of the throate and the raines is done from the right Basillica or left as the disease requireth if the right parts be affected open for revulsion Basilicam dextri brachii If the left the other Basilica Open this veyne in the arme if great and speedy bleeding be needefull If a more slacke and remisse bleeding will serue the turne seeke the braunch of it in the hand betweene the little finger and the fourth as some say from the right kidney to the left and passing ouer the bottome of the stomacke Inflammations in the gut called Colon which is a great gut rising from the left side to the right or in which is the disease called the Collick albeit the same be vnder the raines yet they are cured by revulsion opening Basilicam or the inner veyne of the arme For so the beginnings and deriuations of the veynes doo shew In inflamations of the lungs take the Basilica or inner veyne of the left arme rather than of the right because the veynes of the lungs come from the right side of the hart which part of the heart is placed toward the left part of vena caua so by the left wing ruÌ„neth into the left arme This order of incision also helpeth spitting of bloud thorough extreame coughing the disease called Tabes trembling of the heart and such like In a á¹–luresie open the Basilica of the arme according as the paine shall happen in the right or left side In a Pluresie of the right side the right Basilica and so contrary Item the interior veyne is taken in inwarde and outward apostumations of the brest or midriffe and in inwarde Vlcers which cause vs to spit bloud Thus also by opening of Basilica are cured inflamations on the shoulders and vnder the arme holes except they come to the very bought of the arme for then it were very dangerous to open the very part or member inflamed but in this case we open a veyne in the hand e directo that is straight In paines and inflamations of the Liuer wee open the right Basilica and so the left Basilica when the Milt is inflamed grieued or ill affected and in all these wee must take the veyne in the arme if much bleeding be needefull and if not then the veyne in the hand Deriuation from the Spleene is not made as some do think into the veynes called Hymorroide but into the belly So deâ—iuation from the hollownes of the Liuer is made also into the belly A postumations in the Raines when the veynes also all full of bloud are repelled by the right Basilica if the right kidney bee grieued by the left Basilica if the left kidney bee ill affected If excessiue fulnesse doo not vrge in these apostumations the revulsion is better attempted out of the lower veynes which are straight and right as out of the right or left anckle Affects of the belly as immoderate fluxe of termes are stayed by opening Basilica in the arme which draweth the fluxe vpwardes So doo also cupping-glasses applyed either to the paps or nauill That revulsion which is made by opening Basilica in the arme specially the right Basilica is to be accounted generall because it draweth from the Liuer which is the fountaine it selfe from whence all fluxe of bloud commeth whether the same bee fluxe of termes or any other fluxe of bloud Revulsion made from the lower veynes is particuler not euacuating first from the Liuer the fountaine of bloud as the other doth And forasmuch as things vniuersall goe before partiticuler things therefore in inflamations vnder the kidneyes wee must first pull backe with direct opening of Basilica in the arme and afterward wee are to open the lower veynes which also haue some force to reueale but if either the fulnes or the fluxe be great it is not best first to open these v eynes below Finally imminent diseases like to arise thorough plenitude of bloud are kept backe be opening the right Basilica that is the inner veyn in the bought of the right arme The third generall veyne in the arme is the middle veyne called of some very properly and fitly venacommunis of other Cardiaca or Cordiaca venanigra and Mater and of the barbarous Phisitions Mediana It is called Media or Mediana for three considerations First inregard of the scituatioÌ„ hauing in the vpper part of the arme aboue it Cephalica vein in the lower part of the arme beneath it the Basilica veyne and so these being as it were extreames it possesseth the mids betweene them both Yea it is indeede a braunch of them both And for this cause secondly it hath the name Mediana as if it were made of them two as the meane is made or consisteth of the two extreames Thirdly it hath the name Media or Mediana for that it is Media that is in the middle in respect of euacuation Euaeuating both from aboue and from belowe aboue the necke from the necke and from beneath the necke For it springeth I say from the diuision or parting of both the other veynes that is Cephalica and Basilica By opening this veyn there is made a generall euacuation of humors through the whole body A generall or vniuersall euacuation I call it not because it springeth froÌ„ the hart as some affirme but because the fluxe commeth generally from all parts This veyne being a braunch as yee haue heard both of Cephalica and Basilica This veyne is taken when neither of the other appeareth and withdraweth bloud from them both according to the iudgment of some This veyne is the same which is called also Funiâ— brachii Cephalica and Basilica are as it were the Parents of Mediana As often therefore as thou art determined to open Basilica and that the same doo not appeare take rather the Mediana veyne than the Cephalica And if thou purpose to detract bloud from Cephalica and that the same doo not shewe conueniently open rather Mediana than Basilica and being compact of Cephalica and Basilica it withdraweth bloud indifferently from them both both from place and parts beneath and also aboue Some giue aduise vpon what ground I doo not yet see not to open Cardiaca if the Patient feele any weakenes at the heart but if necessiity of bleeding bee vrged the heart beeing enfeebled wee are rather to open Cephalica or Basilica This veyne is opened to cuâ—e â—assions of the whole body especially when they proceede of heate of the heart
pursines or stoppings of the lungs caused of much hot bloud in griefs of the Splene side Vide librum Anatomiae viuorum Galeno adscriptum Cap. 28. Rhazen Auicen Item there are two veines vnder the arme-holes which are opened in streitnes of the brest paine of the midrife the lungs in difficultie of breathing called Asthma Item there are two veines aboue the elbowes which are opened in all diseases of the brest swimming of the head spalme the falling sicknes Item there is a veine called Vena purpureâ— or the purple veine lying in the right arm next Hepatica or Basilica toward the hand which is opened against diseases of the spirituall members and of the bowels Item there is a veine called Illiaca next vnto the purple veine which being wel takeÌ„ is good to heale paines of all the inward members Item there is a veine called vena pulsatilis or the beating veine which is opened in treÌ„blings of the heart sowning Cordiaca passio Item there are two veines in the thombes which are opened in diseases of the head bleared eyes in most feuers Item there is a veine between the forefingar and the thombe which is opened in stopping of the head to purge superfluitie ofcholer also in agewes diseases of the eyes Item there is a veine between the ringfingar the little fingar which is opened in diseases of the head lungs splene Item there is in th right hand betweene the little fingar the next adioyning a veine caled Saluatella whereof before Item Saluatella in the left hand looke also before Item there is a v eine in the right side opened in Lienteria Dysenteria dropsies other infirmities of cold matter Item there is a veine in the left side which is opened in apostumations excoriâ—tions of the bladder paines of the loynes swellings stoppings of the splene Item there is a veine in the belly which is opened in diseases of the raines and to purge out the Melancoly bloud Item there are 4 veines about the place called Pecten i. the place where the haire groweth about the priuie members on either sides which may bee opened in superfluous issues of the Hemorroids to asswage paine and diseases in the bladder secret places to stop bleeding at the nose and other members to heale Lyenteria Stranguria Item there is a veine ouer the fore-skin of the yard which is opened against the dropsie and all diseases of the same member Item there is a veine vnderneath the saide fore-skin which is opened for the crampe spalme collick swelling of the coddes strangurie Dissuria the stone in the raines bladder Item there are two veines in the thighes which are opened in diseases of the raines and bladder Item there are two veines in the legges which are opened in dropsies paines apostumation of the bladder raines and priuie parts in the gowt swelling of the knees Item in the feete there are three vaines Ischiatica Saphena Vena poplitis the veine of the hamme behind the knee These we open to reuoke bloud downward as in prouoking of menstruous Termes But among all these the veine in the ankle is most conuenient as Auicen saith For vena poplitis being more nigh vnto the wombe it draweth bloud better froÌ„ thence than either Saphena or Ischiatica When the plenitude in the bodie is not great it is better to detract the same from the right lower veines of the hammes the ankle Vena poplitis opened prouoketh Termes so doth it fluxe of Hemorroids for the force of the bloud tending downwardes as it were openeth the womb prouoketh consequently both Termes Hemorroids If there be any inflamation in or about the bely at the biginning thereof draw the matter vpward and that directly For from aboue as from the head the fluxe proceedeth Neither in this case are we to feare in weomen stopping of Termes by opening a veine in the arme if presently therewithall we open a direct veine in the hamme or ankle which is the waye to turne them aside as we hane said alreadie But if first you should opeÌ„ a veine below the force of the inflammation would therhy be incresed Affects in any part vnder the raines are most speedily cured by opening the greater veines of the hamme the same are cured slowly and with lesse speede by opening Saphena in the ankle The raines are in the middle betweene the vpper parts the lower Yet I prescribe appoint not the position so much by order of the member as by the original productioÌ„ of the veines passing into that part And therfore inflamations in the right muskles of that part called AbdemeÌ„ aboue the nauile i. in the outward vpward part of the bely or panch are reuoked by opening a veine below and inflamations beneath the raines in the gut Colon are pulled back by opening the inner vaine of the arme as before Saphena is opened to withdrawe bloud from the raines matrix womb stones yard froÌ„ all meÌ„bers placed below Saphena Ischiatica are braunches of one veine as Galen saith 6. Aphoris Saphena on the inner side of the legge is opened in stopping of termes griefe of the matrix raines hippes and priuie members of men or of women Ischiatica corrruptly called Sciatica beginneth aboue at the huckle bone or haunch called Ischias This veine may be called the outward Saphena descending from thence on the outside of the legges It draweth froÌ„ the raines lower members that are outwardly placed is opened in paines of the huckle bone caled Sciatica in griefes of the bladder bowels gout of the hands feete paines of the ioynts palseyes in the disease called Vaux .i. when a crooked veine swelleth with Melancoly blod in the temples bellie or legges in leprosie IteÌ„ there are two outward veines in the ankles which are opened in stopping of Termes sicknesses of the Splene paines in the backe strangurie and stone Item there are two veines vnder the little toa which are opened to purge superfluities of the matrix in scrophules on the face and legges Item there are two veines adioyning to the litle toe which being opened cure apoplexies yellow Iaundies and choler palsies and diseases of the raines Item there are two veines in the lesâ—er ioynt of the little toe which are opened in olde coughes pustles Opthalmia Item there are two veines in the middle toe which are opened inscrophuls diseases of the face spots rednes pimples watrie eies canker knots stopping of the Termes Item there is a veine on the left ioynt in the great toe which is opened in Opthalmia spots of the face legges â—â—ch euil vlcers supersluitres of the matrix Finally I conclude with Venatalii the ankle veine called also Saphena that of the lower veines it is of great profit and to be opened in paines stoppings swelling of the matrix or yard is opened the foote being put in a vessel
cured by bleding but require other remedies The third error That opening of a veine is vnnâ—edefull except the disease be present This also is confuted by Galen de Opt. sect ad Thrasis Cap. 37. For the most part saith hee we vse remedies as purgagion and bleeding when the diseas is not present but future The fourth error That Phlebotomy must be done in the iudgement day of a disease Auicen impugneth this in quart primi chap. de Phlebo saying Neither must bleeding nor purgation be done in the day of the mouing of a disease nor when the same hath Crisim â— iudgement But if it be possible let there be rest This is also proued Aphorism 21. Qua iudicatur vel iudâ—cata sunt c. The fift error That bleeding dulleth the sight Gallen remoueth this error li. de Curand ratio per sangui missio Chapitul 7. Some haue a weake sight hauing aboundauce of bloud Euacuate such either with purgation if there bee other humors beside bloud or by bleeding and so detracting of bloud doth good not dulling but quickening the sight 6 The sixth error is that in fulnes alwaies a veyne must bee opened Gaben confuâ—eth this error 4. de vict in morb acut Commen 19. Plenitude is not alwaies cured by bleeding but by rubbings many and oft batlings and by abstinence 7 The seauenth error is that bloud must be let the wombe beeing very laâ—atiue this Hyppocrates refelleth 4. de vict in morb acut cap. 118. If it bee needefull to withdrawe blâ—ud from any you must stay the wombe and so let bloud and Galen in the same place saith If the belly bee flowing let not bloud lest the fluxe continuing the strength of the body bee cast downe 8 The eighth error is That there is no difference of the times of the yeare to let bloud in Galen contrary to this writeth ad Glanco cap. 14. Those Phisitions which consider not of the state of the times and withdraw bloud they kill men Et 4. de vict in morb acut is Commentar 19. If the Aire be too hote and dry we refraine from bleeding though the sickenes bee vehement and the age of the party youthfull A sufficient confutation of the supposed necessitie of annuall bleeding Cap. 24. THere commeth here to my minde a common opinion among the ignorant people which do certeinly beleeue that if any person be let bloud one yeare he must be let bloud euery yere or else he is I cannot tell nor they neither in how great danger VVhich fonde opinion of theirs whereof so euer the same sprong first it is no more like to be true than if I should say when a man hath receiued a great wound by chaunce in any part of his body whereby he looseth much bloud yet after it is healed he must needs haue the like wounde againe there the next yeare to auoid as much bloud or els he is in daunger of great sicknes yea also in hasard to lose his life which opinion if I did affirme to be true albeit it be most false yet I might vse the like reason authoritie to defend it that the comon people vse in the defence of theirs For they can say nothing if they be asked why they thinke so but that they haue heard many to say so Therefore I would wish that no man should credit this folish opinion being most false vnlesse he can shew some good reason for it which I am sure no man can do This I think that like as bloud letting is not good against al diseases so is it not good in all persons as we haue set it down in the 9 Chapter but only in those that wil be content to vse afterward a moderat conuenient diet Those therefore that do abound with bloud wil be let bloud to preserue themselues froÌ„ the danger of any disease that is like shortly to ensue must long time after be content to vse a moderat diet For intemperat persons gluttons great drinkers wine bibbers they doe not only receiue no commoditie at al by bleeding but often times greater hurt than if they had bin without it For within 3 or 4 dayes after they fill stuffe them selues with more rawe iuices humors by vnmeasurable dyet than they had before and often times these die through convulsion And hereupon we are to note that there is such force in moderat diet to eschew sicknes that without obseruation thereof Phlebotomy is to no purpose And therefore if this coÌ„mon saying of the comoÌ„ people be true in any namely that they must be let bloud ofteÌ„ thâ—r are once let bloud it is only true in such as keep ill diet presently after bleeding Therefore to conclude this Chapter I councell al persons to beware of excesse after opening of a veine Ofincision of Arteries Chap. 25. AS a veine is opened according to our former discourse hitherto so somtime also an arterie is opened that is to say only such a vein wherein the vitall spirites mixed with the blod do runne flowe but for the hard stinting of the fluxe from an arterie Phisicions are in doubt to make insicion thereof and yet some sometime practise it as in the disease called Vertigo If in opening of a veine we chance to stick an arterie we can very hardly by by stint the bleeding and although the matter fall out very well that the wound or incision be brought to a skarre by diuision yet there will be a dilation or spreading abroad of the cut arterie stil as Galen witnesseth lib. de Curand ratio per sang missio Cap 21. 22. The bleeding of an arterie is hardly stayed partly for the heat of the arterial bloud which is very quickly moued by spreading abroad openeth the arterie whereupon incision of an arterie greatly furthereth the bleeding partly because the motion of the arteries neuer ceaseth as Galen witnesseth lib. 2. Cap. 20. de Sanitate tuend whereby also it commeth to passe that the wounds of the arteries are the more slowly cured For such things as are to be healed require rest ease Gal. lib. 5. Cap. 8. metho medend commet 6. lib. 6. Aphoris The opening of an arterie is to be vsed when the body is repleate with thinne windie and verie hote bloud For the seat of subtile thinne windâ—â— bloud whereof the naturall heat and vitall spirites are ingendred is in the arteries and to is the hotest bloud which commeth from the hotest member that is the heart and which is carried into the other members of the bodie conteined likewise in the arteries The receptacles of the thicker bloud wherwith the â—â—eÌ„bers are nourished is in the veines Vpon what occasion Galen did cut an arterie he himselfe sheweth Cap. 22. dv Curand â—at per sanguinis missio being warned saith Galer by certeine dreames of which two among the rest most plainly appeared vnto mee I weâ—t to cut that arterie of the right hande which is betweene the