Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	left_a	vein_n	ventricle_n	3,104	5	13.2172	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A29919	The marrow of physicke, or, A learned discourse of the severall parts of mans body being a medicamentary, teaching the manner and way of making and compounding all such oyles, unguents ... &c. as shall be usefull and necessary in any private house ... : and also an addition of divers experimented medicines which may serve against any disease that shall happen to the body : together with some rare receipts for beauties ... / collected and experimented by the industry of T.B.	Brugis, Thomas, fl. 1640?	1648 (1648)	Wing B5223; ESTC R25040	140,416	306

periosteum that which covers the braine pan is called the pericranion which covers the braine is called the mevinx that which covers the ribs and the contained parts as the heart lights and aspera arteria is a proper coate and is called a compassing membrane that which containes the naturall parts and gives to every one his proper coat is called peritoneum and from these the parts have feeling for if you scrape the periosteum from the bone you may cut the bone burn it or any thing without any paine Skinne The skin is the greatest of all the membranes it is the coat covering all the body except such places by which any excrements are evacuated as the eies eares nose privities fundament mouth and ends of the fingers where the nailes grow it is the sluce of the whole body through which it is purged by sweat from all fulginous excrements of substance it is spermaticke for being once lost it cannot be restored as formerly it was but there remaines a skar which is nothing els but flesh dried beyond measure it takes its feeling from the nerves of which together with veines and arteries it is composed and is by nature cold and drie ordained for to keep safe and sound the continuity of the whole body and all the parts thereof from the violent assault of all externall dangers Simple flesh Simple flesh may be seene in the gummes and ends of the fingers the flesh of a muscle is very like these ●ut it is not simple in the p●ppes and stones it is called gludulous flesh and the substance of the heart and liver is called flesh but improperly Fat Fat and flesh proceed both from one and the same matter that is blood the difference is that flesh comes of blood heate and overdried the fat from cold by a certaine congealing or growing together of membranes it is of a middle temper betweene heat and cold although it may seeme cold in respect of the efficient cause that is of cold by which it concreates in the joynts is another sort of fat farre more solid and hard then the former and it is mixed with a viscid humour tough like the whites of Egs that it may for a good space moisten those parts which are subject to much drines by their continuall motion another kinde of fat is called seame Seame which is much dryer then ordinary fat and lyes principally about the midriffe where there are many windings of arteries and veines it lyes also about the reines loynes and basis of the heart Compound members Those parts are called compound which are made and composed by the mediation or immediately of the simple which they terme otherwise organicall or instrumentall as an Arme Leg Hand Foote and others of that kinde the simple parts cannot be devided into any particles but of the same kinde but the compound may they are called instrumentall and organicall because they performe such actions of themselves as serves for the preservation of themselves and the whole body as the eye by it selfe not assisted by any other part seeth and by his faculty defends the whole body and also it selfe In each instrumentall part we observe foure properties One by which the action is properly performed as the Christaline humour in the eye The Second without which the action cannot be perfomed as the nerve the other humors of the eye The Third whereby the action is better and more conveniently done as the tunicles and muscles The Fourth by which the action is preserved as the eye-lid and circle of the eye The same we say of the hand as First by the muscle Secondly by the ligament Thirdly by the bones and nailes Fourthly by the veines arteries and skinne Instrumentall parts The instrumentall parts have a fourefold order those that are immediately composed of the simple are of the first order as the muscles and vessels they are of the second that consist of the first simple and others besides as the fingers they are of the third that are composed of the second order and others besides as the hand in generall The fourth order is the whole body the instrument of the soule In all these parts whether simple or compound we doe consider nine things Substance Quantity Figure Composition Number Connexion Temperature Action and Use Amongst the organicall parts there is three principall parts governing all the rest viz. the Braine Heart and Liver because from them some force power or faculty proceeds and flowes over the whole body when as there is no such sent from any other part To these some adde the testicles not for that they are of necessity of the individuall or peculiar body but for generation and preservation of the species Herein we may see the industry of nature who like a good Architect seeks not only to build and furnish her fabricke with all kinde of materialls necessary by which the body may live but also she hath furnished it with the testicles thereby to make it immortall because hereby every one may substitute another in his place before he depart this world The veines arteries and nerves are the first simple instrumentall parts the veines Veines spring all from the liver the arteries Arteries from the heart except only the vena arteriosa which hath its originall from the eight ventricle of the heart it is called vena arteriosa Vena arteriosa compositively therefore is not reckoned amongst the simple instrumentall parts for it is called a veine because it distributes alimentary blood to the lungs and arterious because like an artery it consists of two coates all the rest consist but of one coate knit together with a triple kinde of fibres and this veine hath two principall cavities one by which the Chylus is carried to the liver and is called vena porta Vena porta or the gate veine the other by which the blood made out of the Chylus is dispersed amongst all the members for nourishment and is called vena cava Vena cava the hollow veine The gate veine hath its originall in the blunt end or lower end of the liver and there it spreads its rootes The hollow veine beginneth in the gibbous part of the liver The truncke of the gate veine is divided into two principall branches the one is splenicus which is carried to the spleene the other is mesentericus which goes to the mesentery it hath other small slips that nourish the most part of the lower belly and take their names from the parts they nourish as that which nourishes the ventricle is called grastica intestinalis that nourishes the intestines cistica which brings nourishment to the bladder of the gall from the mesentery branch spring small slips to the right gut which makes the hemorroids The truncke of the hollow veine is also divided into two branches one is carried upwards to nourish the superiour parts another is carried downward to nourish the inferiour An artery differs from a veine because it consists of two

coates that the spirits may not be exhaled and that it may not be broken by the continuall motion and beating a veine beates very little or not at all A nerve A nerve is that which proceeding from the braine or spinall marrow hath sence and motion some partes of the body which have nerves have feeling also but no voluntary motion as the membranes veines arteries guts and all the entrailes from the braine arise two soft nerves which have feeling the hard nerves spring from the spinall marrow and are moving from the braine proceed seven conjugations of nerves from the spinall marrowe thirty paire that is sixty nerves some nerves cannot be perceived to be hollow at all it is a simple part of our body bred and nourished by a grosse and phlegmaticke humour The second instruments Of the three first and simple instruments veines nerves and arteries and of the eight aforesaid parts least conformable being knit in due quantity number and scite spring the second instruments amongst which the muscles Muscles have the first place as being the instruments of voluntary motion which is performed six maner of waies viz. upwards downewards forwards backwards to the right hand and to the left hand this is simple motion the second voluntary motion is circularly as when you lure a hauke you swinge your hand round A muscle consists of veines nerves and arterious flesh and fibres from which they receive nourishment life sense and motion they are reckoned amongst the second instruments because they consist of a coate a tendon and a ligament and are devided into three partes the begining middle and end the head insertion and neather parte and these are all differing in figure scituation perforation and quantity colour and connexion The fingers The fingers consist not only of veines of which they are nourished of arteries from whence they receive spirit and vitall heate nerves by which they feele and muscles whereby they are mooved but also of three bones in each finger that is fifteene in each hand which are hollow fistulous and full of thinne and liquid marrow and not of grosse and thick as in the arme or thigh whereby they are fortified and sustained likewise of ligaments whereby the bones are connexed of fl●sh and skin by whose coniunction is ordained the true organicall touching the fingers are in number five The nailes are generated by the fibers of the ligaments and the excrements of the tendons which are terminated at the bottom of the nailes The hand The hand consists of five fingers the palme or hollow of the hand the back of the hand and the wrest it is the instrument of instuments made for to take up and hold any thing for with the hands are all the other instruments made it is devided into five fingers the more easily to take up even the least bodies of any figure or fashion soever and to this end nature ordained us the nailes because the fingers ends being soft flesh might not turne away in meeting with a hard body The heart The heart is the chiefe mansion of the soule the organe of the vitall faculty and is placed in the body as the Sun in the firmament it is placed by nature as it were in a box that it may have free liberty to spread it selfe and receive hurt neither from the ribs or vertebres of the chest it containes a continuall moisture that by its motion and heat it may not be over dried it consists of a hard and dense flesh in which are two hollowes the right side is the biggest the left side is the more corpulent and thereby the more straite but it is the more solid and thick that the vitall spirits which are worked in it may not be exhaled In the right hollow are two vessels a branch of the hollow veine whereby the heart drawes the bloud from the liver and the gate veine by which it sends the bloud throughly concocted and subtilized to the lunges In the left side also are two vessels the great Artery Aorta whereby it sends the vitall spirits every way and the arteria venosa whereby it receives the aire from the lunges which are only the bellowes of the heart to coole it The heart hath auricles or little eares on every side to hold up the gate vein and branch of the hollow veine that they be not broken by the violent motion of the heart the heart is one alone scituate most commonly upon the fourth vertebrae of the chest being placed there by nature because it is the most sure and armed place and is besides as it were covered on every side by the hands of the lunges and is made of a more dense solid and compact substance then any other part of the body because it must have a naturall motion of its selfe These thinges I have spoken in briefe only to shew you how necessary it is to be perfect in Anatomie wherby you shall the more easily discern the p●rts aff●cted by the place of paine and cure it by a fit application of remedies without the hurting of any other part next I shall speake of the faculties CHAP. V. Of Faculties What a faculty is A Faculty is a certaine power and efficient cause proceeding from the temperament of the part and the cause whereof proceed the actions and powers of the body The animall faculty Of these are three kindes in every perfect body that is the Animall Vitall and Naturall which have a certaine simpathy one with another for if one be hurt all the rest suffer with it The Animall is that which proceeds from the proper temperament of the braine and yields knowledge sense and voluntary motion and this is of three kindes 1. Moving which remaines in the Muscles and Nerves as the fit instruments of voluntary motion 2. Sensative which consists in the five externall senses Sight Hearing Taste Smell and Touch. 3. and principall which comprehends the reasonable faculty the memory and fantasie The Animall faculty being thus seated in the braine sends from thence sence and motion by the nerves or certaine chanels into the whole body Vitall faculty But the Vitall faculty is that which sendeth life to every member of the whole body and maintaines the essence of the spirits and this hath his seat in the heart from whence he sends heat through the arteries to every part of the body and is much hindred by diseases in the breast Naturall faculty The naturall faculty is that which carries the nourishment into all the members of the body and this claimes his place in the liver it is by Avicen and most of the ancient Philosophers concluded that this naturall faculty is divided into two parts whereof one is the preserving of life and health unseparable and to nourish the body as comming from the fountaine and mint of nourishment the other is the preserving and maintaining the forme and species made in generation First by drawing the seminall matter from the humours of the body and

the five senses sight hearing taste smell and touch to the performance whereof necessarily occurre these three 1. the organe 2. the medium or meane 3. the object The organe is the animall spirit diffused all over the body the meane carries the object to the instrument the object is an externall quality that can by a medicine stirre up the organe as for example sight is the seeing faculty acted by the eye which is the organe the object is the visible quality before the eye the medium arrives the object at the eye The hearing faculty whereof the eare is the organe every sound the object the medium is the ayre that carries the sound to the eare The smelling faculty commeth from the mammillary processes produced from the proper substance of the braine and seated in the upper part of the nose the object is every smell the medium by which it is carried is to men birds and beasts the aire to fishes the water The action of the taste is performed by the tongue the object is the taste of severall meats and drinkes the medium is either externall as is the spittle that doth moisten the tongue or internall as the spongy flesh of the tongue it selfe All parts endued with a nerve enjoy the sense of touching the object is every tractable quality as heat cold roughnesse c. The medium is either the skin or the flesh endued with those nerves The next action is voluntary motion and is performed by a muscle as I shewed you in the Chapter of Parts or Members either by extention or contraction upward downeward to the right hand to the left hand forward or backward The principall action is threefold 1. Imagination 2. Reason 3. and Memory Imagination is a certaine distinguishing apprehension Reason is a certaine judiciall estimation of things apprehended Memory is the sure storer of all things as in a magazine which the minde oft unfolds CHAP. VII Of Spirits What a spirit is THE Spirit is the substance subtle and acrious of our body bred of the most pure and thinne bloud and is the prime instrument wherby the members shall performe their office and they abide most in the heart and arteries in the braine and nerves Division of spirits The Spirits are divided into three parts animall vital naturall Animall spirit the animall is seated in the braine for there it is prepared and made and of which a great part is sent to the eyes by the nerves optickes and some to the eares and divers other parts this kind is called animall because it is the chiefe and prime instrument of life Vitall spirit The vitall spirit hath his chief mansion in the left ventricle of the heart and in the arteries and is made of the evaporation of the bloud and furnished with matter from the aire which we draw in breathing and is sent from his seate in the heart through the channels of the arteries into the whole for the conservation of naturall heate Naturall spirit The naturall spirit is engendred in the liver and veines and there remaines while the bloud is made and other naturall operations perfected the use of it is to helpe the concoction both of the whole body and of each severall part and to carry blood and heate to them These spirits being dissipated we cannot hope for life because the flower therof is decaied and wasted in their defect Now to these naturall things which I have shewed you are associate and joyned these foure following viz. Age Colour Figure or Scite and Kinde or Composure Age is a space or part of our life in which our bodies are subject to mutations and of this I have sufficiently spoken before The Colour shewes the temperament of the body and the just proportion of humours as if there be a just proportion of the foure humours the colour is red if aboundance of melancholy the colour is livide and blacke if aboundance of choller the colour is citrine and yellow if phlegme the colour is white and pale Scite and figure shew the good composure and connexion of all the parts of a body fitly and duely compacted as they ought to be of this kind there are foure quadrature crassitude or thickenesse extenuation and fatnesse Sex is the distinction betwixt Male and Female not in parts but in constitution as the Male is commonly hot the Female cold and so are Eunuches CHAP. VIII Of things not naturall which is the second part of Physicke What things not naturall are HAving shewed you things naturall whereof mans body is composed and what they are as Elements Humours c. as we formerly comprehended under the name naturall we will now proceed in the description of things not naturall which are used to conserve and defend the body composed and made of the things naturall already spoken of these doe pertaine to that of Physicke which is for preserving health and are the meane betwixt things naturall and things against nature for they doe not constitute our nature as things naturall neither doe they hurt or damage it as things against nature but they are indifferent good if they be well used and bad if they be ill used the use whereof we consider from foure conditions quantity quality occasion and manner of using These being observed you may effect and cause things doubtfull of themselves to bring undoubted health things not naturall are in number six 1. the aire that goeth about us 2. the meate and drinke we use 3. the motion and rest of our bodies 4. sleeping and waking 5. repletion and inanition or things to be expelled or retained 6. and perturbations of the minde CHAP. IX Of Aire Aire AIRE is so necessary for us that not one minute of health can be enjoyed without the same as we may perceive by the continuall transpiration and breathing that all living creatures have for their refreshing and to regender the spirit animal and therefore because we so often draw it in breath it out it wil be very necessary for our health to know what aire is wholesome and what unwholesome for the aire doth alter our bodies three manner of waies by quality as if it be horter moister or drier by substance as if it be more grosser or more subtle then is fit or by mutation which any man may prove who makes a suddaine change out of a quiet aire into a stormy and that is troubled with winds The most healthfull Aire Therefore the most healthfull and best aire is that which is cleere subtle and pure free and open on every side exempt from evill evaporations fennes sinkes cloudes rotten and carrion like smells of dead carkasses standing pooles and all corruption that is neither is too hot nor too cold too drie nor too moist and this aire is the best both for the preserving of health and curing of diseases Evill Aire The evill aire is quite contrary to the good as that which is putride shut prest up in some narrow place thicke rotten