and active and they who have less are weak and sooner die And when that flourishing humor is consumed like Oyl by the heat of the spirit by degrees in age men grow more weak and dry Among internal and external causes Diseases that dissipate the influent and fixed spirits are the cause of weakness all great Diseases dissipate the vital spirits if they continue long and at length consume the innate spirits with the radical moisture wherewith it is joyned from whence the weakness is more or less Great and often Evacuations either by chance or willingly Evacuations that dissipate the natural fixed and also the influent heat cause weakness or in Diseases exhaust and dissipate the spirits and abate strength especially if good humors be voidded as Seed in the running of the Reins or by Venery Also great bleeding purging by reason the stirring of the spirits abate strength as in Diarrhaea's and great and often sweating and much pissing Also the sudden effusion of things besides nature as of Water in the Dropsie matter in an Empiema doth weaken These violent excretions being painful as in a Dysentery weaken more Great pain which violently stirreth the spirits Pain moving the spirits causeth weakness to bring them to the part afflicted with the blood for help causeth weakness and if it be very great fainting Especialy if the part suffering Pain of the Mouth of the Stomack cause of Cardiaca or fainting have great affinity with the Heart Hence it is that they who have the Cardialgia or Heart pain are very weak by reason of the consent of the Stomach with the Heart and do easily faint this fainting is called Cardiaca And so it is in other painful and long Diseases Great and sudden Passions of the Mind Trembling of the Spirit is the cause of weakness fainting because then the spirits are carried in and out with force cause debility and somtimes fainting and death Thus we have seen some swoon with joy that hath thrown the spirits outward and have read that others have died so In anger the spirits are so inraged that they look red in the Face And when the spirits presently return as the paleness following sheweth they are in little danger of life but they are weakned thereby as appears by their trembling and there remains a weariness though anger be over Nor is the cause of men not dying with anger as with joy because angry men are stronger as is supposed in regard old men and sick men that are peevish are easily moved to anger But it often hapens that by great fear the spirits being violently moved some die and many are weakned And shame and bashfulness may cause the same by which they say Homer died Also if the passions be of long continuance and strong as sadness and fear and the like they stir the spirits with continual Cogitation and at length consum them and as they say dry the bones and this is a Consumption of the Spirits A strong and constant heat doth not only dissipate the spirits but consumes them Heat dissipating the spirits and consuming their nourishment is the cause of weakness and their nourishment as when the body is weakned by heat fire labor there is fainting somtimes And in Feavers it is so especially in a Causon or burning Feaver And in a Hectick the accidental heat of the heart though not great yet continuing devours the radical moisture of the heart and solid parts and the spirits and causeth weakness and Consumption A cold distemper quencheth the native heat Cold restraining the native heat is the cause of weakness or makes it less so some have been frozen to death And others have been killed with staying long in cold water Also some parts are benumed and blasted with cold or so weakned that they come not again to themselves And this may come to the Stomach by drinking cold water And hither may be referred those that for want of excercise bring not the native heat into action and grow stupid Also the parrs grow weak by using things inwardly and outwardly that are Potentially cold a long time they grow weak but the native heat is not wholly extinct as by actual cold Although hitherto it hath been believed to come from Narcoticks that are very cold which as we shewed do not kil by cooling but by stupefying the brain Nor do we grant that the Pores being obstructed that the heat is Suffocated for want of fanning or Eventilation for as we shewed the Skin hath Pores not to let in Air but to let out other things A Maligne quality affecting the Heart or mixed with its spirits A Maligne quality in the Heart is the Cause of weakness causeth an extinction of native heat thereof and by consequence of all the Body or diminisheth it and begets a Syncope or weakness or Death according toits divers qualities So when the Air is infected men in the Plague suddenly faint are weak and die or in swouning Feavers which alwaies begin with fainting And when Poyson is taken or bred in the Body it gets to the Heart and endangers life and causeth weakness And this may happen to other parts when Poyson is more contrary to them then to the Heat If a Wound peirce the left Ventricle of the Heart A Wound in the Heart is the cause of weakness and Death the spirits suddenly vanish and there is sudden Death And if the right or it peirce the Superficies or cuts the Coronal Veins they die suddenly from great bleeding I suppose non can scape if the substance only be hurt and divided because a principal part cannot endure it Fernelius writes that he saw one that consumed before he died of an Ulcer in the Heart that came from an inward cause The like may be from a Tumor which is rare and not known but by dissection because the Heart feels not I faw in 1644. in a Woman that I opened of a Dropsie in the Breast such a swolen Heart loose and greater then it should be with the Vessels especially the Arteria Aorta three times bigger then usual and both the Ventricles especially the left and the Langs and Cavity of the breast silled with waterish blood Also a great corruption in other parts extinguisheth the native heat The Cure We shall shew how it is to be done in diverse weaknesses The Cure of weakness and swouning and chiefly in general Imbecility and great fainting which also may be for particular weakned parts although in their Symptoms we shall also speak thereof We must act and prognostick acctording to the diversity of the cause of weakness If it come from want of Air and breathing we shewed the Cure in the defect of Breathing If it be from the birth or old age we labor in Vain because natural causes cannot be changed nor radical moisture renewed If it be from Evacuation it is worst from Venery or bleeding which is in a Dropsie If
in the Palpitation thereof or Oyl of Jesemin or Oyntment of water Lillies or Citrine Oyntment Or Take Oyl of water Lillies two ounces juyce of Citrons and Vinegar of Roses of each half an ounce boyl them to a Consistence add of all the Saunders Roses and Sorrel seed of each one scruple Coral one dram Pearl half a dram Camphire half a scruple with Wax make an Oyntment Or apply this Emplaister Take Treacle one dram and an half the Cerot of Sanders half a dram the species of Diamoscbu and Diambra of each half a scruple A Cordial Bag. Take of all the Saunders each one dram dryed Citron peels the four cordial flowers of Scabious and Leaves of Balm each half a dram Ivory or the Bone of a Stags heart two scruples Species Diamoschum one dram make a little Bag sprinkle it with Wine and Rose-water or Fume it therewith apply it to the heart It is good to raise them to sprinkle Water and Rose-water and Vinegar and Wine upon the Face Also to bind the Limbs and rub them very hard Also to stop the Nose and pul it and open the mouth and rub the Tongue They are soonest raised with great Noise and Neesing And to place them with the Head down and the body high Let them be quiet after the Fit for weak people faint upon the least motion CHAP. XI Of the Depravation of Vital Motion The Kinds IF the Vital Motion be Depraved which may be seen as I shewed in the Voluntary and Involuntary Functions of the parts Heart and Arteries we do not observe it as in the defect for none can live too much and the body and its parts cannot be too strong And if any parts that move voluntarily move too much or wrong that belongs to the depraved voluntary motion of which we have spoken We observe Depravation of Vital Motion in the pulse of the Heart and Arteries when it is oftener or more vehement than it ought to be by nature or proceeds otherwise disorderly Oftentimes the pulse of the Heart and Arteries is more frequent than is fit The quick beating of the Heart and Arteries whether great or smal both in sound and sick the breathing being also quick and if this pulse be great also it is with pain in the Breast Neck Head Ears It is to be felt in those parts and by Physitians at the Wrists Vehement and immoderate pulsation or beating of the Heart and Arteries Heart-beating is a symptom often by it self or in cathectick Maids before they have their Terms or such as have the Hypochondriack Melancholy This is called palpitation or trembling of the Heart because the motion is unequal And being alwaies strong it is perceived plainly in the left side of the Breast often in the Neck somtimes under the Ribs especially on the left side it is very troublesom and weakneth him much if it continue Sometimes it forceth the Ribs and as Fernelius saith puts them out of their place Aneurisma Sometimes it so dilateth the Artery and drives it out that it causeth the Tumor called Aneurisma which is great and beating This Symptom somtimes remitteth and comes again sooner or later and it continueth longer or shorter time as we said I observed a grievous and wonderful palpitation of the Heart in the yeer 1627. in a noble Virgin of Narbo in France who was alwaies held in her fit by two strong men that bare down the left side of her Breast with her hands til it ceased otherwise shee complained that her Breast and Ribs would break An Inordinate and uneven Pulse causeth trouble An uneven Pulse but that which beats low is considered not as a Symptom but only a sign shewing the Disease and the strength And therefore Physitians feel it The Causes It is most certain that the Heart and Arteries cause this depraved palpitation by their motion because no other parts do beat When these beat moderately sound people ought not to perceive it least the noise should be a hinderance as it is when they beat vehemently especially where the Arteries are great and many and free not sunk into the Muscles as in the left side not only by reason of the left Ventricle of the Heart and the Ear that moveth it self there but by the great Artery that comes from the left side of the Heart and descendeth by the left side of the Vertebrae Also in both fides of the Throat which the great Artery ascending goerh through being divided and there produceth the sleeping Arteries and those of the Arms Also under the Ribs especially or the left side because the great Artery descending thither lieth chiefly on the left side As also because it produceth great Arteries which accompany the branches of the gate-Gate-vein on the right side especially those that go to the natural bowels and the Spleen For which causes when the Arteries beat much the putefaction is perceived on that side and is troublesome In other places where the Arteries are less or hidden though they beat stronger yet are they not perceived except it be by the pain of the part adjoyning which is troubled at the least touch of an Artery As in pains of the Head by reason of the great Ventricles of the brain beating and in Inslammations Or when a little Artery beating too violently in a strait place and hurts a Nerve as in the Ears wherein we may hear the pulsation But in naked parts without flesh you may touch a pulse and judg whether it be natural or depraved especially in the Wrist The truest causes of the great beating of the Heart and Arteries is the dissipation of vital spirits and the repletion and dilatation of the Arteries among which there are others less probable If the influent vital spirits be suddenly or too much dissipated so that the innate spirits cannot enjoy them sufficiently because it is necessary that new be alwaies sent from the Heart to the whole body which must be done by the pulsation of the Heart and Arteries It is therefore no wonder if their motion be enlarged and more quick and if the cause be great more vehement with great breathing which as is said brings matter to make vital spirits And this may come also from the spirits stirred with the blood the Heart and Arteries being inflamed When the spirits are suddenly tossed hither and thither The too great stirring of the spirits is the cause of quick great pulsation of the Arteries and dispersed and not equally communicated to the body the Heart and Arteries beat quick for new and the respiration is greater or otherwise strength would fail This comes from the motion of the body and mind as we shewed in quick respiration which comes from thence Hence is it that the pulsation increaseth by the passions of the mind as anger Joy Terror Fear Shame the spirits being moved which Erasistratus knew when from the sudden motion of the pulse from the beholding of the Nurse that
with a plentiful Diarrhaea The Method of Cure for both is The Cure of a true Pleurisis and Peripneumony to divert the Blood that flows to this noble part so to prepare that which is flown to the Lungs and inflames them that it may be coughed and spet forth because except Nature do it of her self it is in vain to purge it by Urin or Stool Also still abate the pain in the Pleurisie which is very pricking and in both cases inlarge the Breast and hold up the strength alwaies having an eye to to the Fever as we shewed in Fevers therefore abstain from hot things and use temperate things that incline rather to cold all which are done as followeth The Defluxion of Blood to the part is diverted best by Blood-letting and the heat of the Fever abated therefore neglect it not though the Patient be very young for we observe that in other cases and bleedings by cuts and falls they can loose much blood without danger and in this Disease they wil find much ease by it nor let it be omitted in women with Child or old People nor when the Disease comes from impure and cholerick blood nor when the pain goes down to the Hypochondria But for these causes do it moderately rather than omit it Blood-letting must be suddenly while the matter is flowing the first day at what time of day or night soever it be or if it hath been neglected do it the next or the third day taking much at a time or six ounces at a time often if the first bleeding do not abate the Disease bleed then thrice a day or two or three daies together after the third or fourth day except you fear the increase of the Discase or a Relapse from a new Flux of Blood for which cause after many daies if there be strength you may bleed again you must not bleed rashly You must open a Vein in the Arm because the Veins are larger and neerer the part either the middle Vein or that which most appeareth which is alwaies best And what vein soever in the Arm is opened whether it be on the right or left side the blood comes from the hollow Vein from whose upper part above the heart the veins of the Arm come and therfore by consequence blood is drawn from the right side of the Heart into which the hollow Vein is joyned before it ascendeth and so also blood is drawn from the Lungs by the veiny Artery by which the blood flows from the right side of the Heart to the Lungs Except because the hollow vein is more on the right side and sends blood into the right side of the Heart and only sends out the vein without equal or not paired to the right side only you desire to open the Vein in the right Arm for a directer way of bleeding which some think to be necessary in a Peripneumony and Pleurisie Yet in a Pleurisie it is thought better to open a vein on that side that is pained than on the contrary side as the Arabians do who first open the contrary Arm for Revulsion and then for Derivation not only from the right order and direct flowing of the Vessels on that side because the same may be good in a Pleurisie as wel as a Peripneumony the Lungs being as I shewed affected in both but because in a Pleurisie the veins on that side where the pain is are more swollen with blood Therefore if the pain be on the right side open the Vein in the right Arm if on the left open the vein in the left Arm by reason of the Defluxion of blood caused through pain And if the Vein in the Arm appear not open that in the Hand on the same side by which if the blood come freely there will be a greater Revulsion and if not a less Also it is good to bleed in the Foot or by the Fingers after bleeding in the Arm especially in Women who have this disease from stopping of the terms Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders Emunctuaries and Groyns make Revulsion and the more if there be Scarification these help the other bleeding or supply when the other cannot be Also Frictions and Ligatures of the outward parts cause Diversion or a Decoction to wash and rub the Hands and Feet but it must be such as doth not heat Some adventure to use a Caustick to the sids but it is neither safe nor profitable nor Cupping-glalsses to the Breast Clysters are given to loosen the Belly before bleeding if it be bound they are to be cooling and gentle such as are mentioned in Fevers and other internal Inflammations and Quninsie And some advise clensing Clysters at the end of the Disease if the matter tend from the Breast to the Guts lest it should hurt them which they think to be possible Loosners are better than purgers for it is not convenient in Inflammations of the Breast to give purgers both because the matter cannot be purged by stool from thence as also because they heat the body and cause a Diarrhaea which useth easily to come with much hurt to the patient These Laxatives must be good for the Breast whereof Manna is the chief Next syrup of Violets three ounces or Cassia or simple Diaprunes two ounces alone or with pectoral Decoction Or thus Take sweet prunes Raisons stoned each an ounce Violets a pugil boyl and dissolve Cassia half an ounce Manna an ounce make a potion After the seventh day the Ancients used stronger purges the humor being first prepared but these are best in a false pleurisie as I shewed or if the true pleurisie ceaseth they are good against accidents that remain otherwise they hurt more We give to drink things that cause easie Coughing and Spitting because the Humor being fastned to the Lungs and not to the Membranes girding them can-cannot be sent a better way This is done by Lenitives to the parts and such as first thicken the Matter to stop the Flux of Blood if it be thin and to make it more fit to be spit forth and then by Concocters Clensers and Cutters if it be too thick and slimy Or by things to ripen and cause matter to be spet forth lest it lying long there the Lungs be corrupted by it and a phthisis caused Or if Nature endeavors to throw it out by stool or Urin which is rare and perhaps a meer Fansie by such things as help Nature therein These are done as followeth Lohochs to be swallowed by degrees and so communicate their Vertue better to the Lungs are the best As the usual tablets of Diatragacanth frigid and Dia penidies without the species held in the Mouth Or a Lohoch made of them with syrup of Jujubes or Violets to be licked Or this Take the species of Diatragacanth frigid two drams Penidies a dram with the Syrup aforsaid make a Lohoch adding half an ounce of the Diacodium if the Cough be great others add Conesrve of Violets but it is
was beloved he discovered a Disease to be from the mind that is Love This Palpitation of the Heart is sooner in weak people and such as are disposed to it Stirring of the Spirits causeth palpitation of Heart in them that are subject thereto the least exercise wil cause it in some One confessed to me that he had it presently in the act of Venery and was so troubled therewith that except he gave over he should be stifled as it fel out afterwards This pulsation also is greater when the spirits are dissipated from other causes as at the point of Death when they are vanished though there be great weakness by which nature labors to assist them in the greatest danger by this motion and recollection of Spirits When the Spirits grow hot with the blood Over-heating of the Spirits is the cause of quick and great pulsation there is great motion of the Heart and Arteries not so much because the spirits are hot and unquiet but because they then are sooner spent that what is suddenly lost may be suddenly repaired Whether it come from the external causes as the Fire or Fume or from internal and the rather if the Heart grow hot and continue so as in a Feaver Or if the heat come from motion of the body or exercise in heat Or when the mind is so affected that not only the Spirits are troubled but set on fire thereby as in anger Or when all these concur As we knew a Noble man that playing at Tennis was so hot and angry and so moved in the Pulsation and Respiration that he could not recollect himself nor could the motion cease but he died suddenly When the Arteries are too full of blood and too much dilated thereby in regard they ought not to be filled as the Veins are that there may be room for the Vital spirits the Pulsation which before was not perceived when moderate is felt by the Patient and that vehement Diastole about the Heart and great Arteries mentioned in the Palpitation of the Heart is raised Especially when the blood floweth to the left Ventricle of the Heart and to its Ear which may be much enlarged to the great Artery whereby they are too full and extended And it ceaseth when it flows from those parts and doth not more lift them up and dilate them Or it molesteth continually if an Artery be so dilated as Fernelius observed Yea that the great Tumor called Aneurisma doth follow And if this Aneurisma be within in any part of the great Artery or in the breast Throat under the Ribs or in the Ear of the Heart which wil be very much stretched it causeth a perpetual Pulsation as an external Aneurism and is the cause of that Palpitation of Heart which lasteth so long and kils so many as some have observed in Anatomy It is plain that this Palpitation comes from plenty of Arterial blood Plenty and heat of Arterial blood that fils the Arteries causeth palpitation of Heart because the Arteries have nothing else in them And Galen seems to grant it when he saies all such are cured or eased by bleeding And this pulsation is greater by how much the blood and the spirits mixed therewith which fill the Arteries are the hotter Fernelius witnesseth that he saw such blood in the Arteries burnt like black choller And we prove that that cholerick hot blood is gathered in the Mesaraick Arteries and and sent to the great Arteries by these Arguments Because as such juyce as is frequently bred in the mesaraick Veins from meat and drink doth inflame pollute the blood being carried from the branches of the Gate-vein to the hollow vein so doth it get into the mesaraick Arteries which are joyned to those Veins and so into the greater Arteries and so to the Heart and so filleth them and doth what is mentioned And the rather because these mesaraick Arteries are branches of the great Artery but the meseraick Veins come not from the hollow Vein nor are joyned to it but by the substance of the hinder Hence is this Disease so usual in Virgins from the stoppage of their Courses which begets an evil habit and in those that have Hypochondriack Melancholy In which as the fulness and foulness of the Venal and Arterial blood causeth Cachexy and Melancholy so do they cause palpitation of the Heart and Arteries Some say this may be from Wind filling the Arteries which we cannot allow because none hath observed that the Veins can be filled therewith Nor do we grant that vapors gathered about the Midriff Spleen or Womb and so sent into the Arteries and Heart or a thick vapor shut into the Heart that came from another place as some have written can so fill it that they may cause this Pulsation As for other causes of palpitation of which they write especially wind or water in the Pericardium we count them not the true cause of Palpitation but of some fluctuation when the body is moved as may appear by the noise in the breast as we shal shew in preternatural Swoons in the body Other Diseases of the Heart besides these mentioned may cause it to move inordinately and quicker as heat that moves the Spirits and disperseth them and too great Repletion by the blood of the Arteries Such are those that so offend the Heart it moveth violently to cast them off rather by a natural sensation than by feeling which the Heart wanteth A Venemous quality from within or without A malign quality stirs up the Heart to palpitation doth cause palpitation or any malignity in the arterial blood which fils the Arteries causeth the same by stretching them and by troubling the Heart I understood that one who died of a continual Trembling of the Heart had a Bone or Gristle found in his Heart The Cure That Palpitation which comes from vehement motion of mind or body The Cure when it comes from vehement motion or Heat ceaseth when they cease as we shewed in Short-breathing which is joyned therewith But when many causes concur it is dangerous as we shewed When it comes from plenty of blood it is dangerous and lasting Cure of Palpitation of heart and troublesom by continual motion but wasting of the Spirits many have dyed hereof others have long been troubled therewith many have been cured by removing the cause And because the Cause is commonly about the Meseraick Vessels which are distributed in the natural parts and there is the plethory and filth it is cured as Cachexy Cachochymie and Hypochondriack Melancholly which are usualy joyned therewith By preventing too great increase of Blood Humors and Wind and such humors as chiefly abound by purging of Choler and strengthening the natural parts and mixing Cordials with all things And in regard it is hard to evacuate the conjunct cause in the Artesies and Heart we must strengthen them with Cordials Thus. Letting of blood except some thing hinder is good according to Galen
prest and there is a numness of the Thigh on that side to the Knee or sole of the Foot with great pain as I have often seen with stoppage of Urin or pissing of Blood after violent excercise or riding And the Sediment or bottom is black in the Urinal This at somtimes is white and muddy like Whey at the first and after setling the bottom is white as Chalk and much somtimes Somtimes it is gravely and white or scaly This pain is also increased by new accidents There is somtimes a burning pain in the top of the Hypochondria A burning pain of the Hypochondria is from the Liver or Spleen before on the right side this is called the Inflammation of the Liver which is the cause of it or Hepatitis Or it is in the left side backwards and is called the Inflammation of the Spleen or Splenitis Somtimes it is below in and about the Hip and behind about the Back on either side and it is called the Inflammation of the Kidneys or Nephritis In all these kinds there is a burning stretching and heavy pain also beating especially if it be the Inflammation of the Spleen on the left side In which there is a tumor to be felt and somtimes on the right when the Liver is inflamed which appeareth more when the patient bends to the right side but it is without redness not as the inflamed Muscles are In both these Inflammations the pain reacheth to the Throat and is increased by the lying on the contrary side and it is more burning in the Erysipelas of the Liver In all kinds there is a smal dry Cough and in the Inflammation of Liver or Spleen the Hiccup And in that of the Liver choler is vomited and the Mouth bitter or voided by stool Also from Inflammation of Liver or Spleen there is a Jaundies and from the Liver or Bloody flux somtimes and there is often Pissing with heat when the Reynes are inflamed There is with all kinds a Synoch Fever going afore or following With restlesness thirst and dryness of tongue Quick and little breath swift and great Pulse High Urin and somtimes matterish These ceasing there is a heaviness in the part mentioned and other accidents Somtimes there is a pricking pain in sound people suddenly on the left side somtimes on the right A pricking pain in the Hypochondria The pain of the Spleen falsly so called which the Germans call Milkesteehen pricking of the Spleen falsly It comes chiefly after meat upon riding exercise with a Tumor like that of the Cramp from wind it is pricking and very tearing when breath is fetched and lying upon the Belly abates it and at length it goes away of it self In other Diseases of the right or left side there is also a heavy pain with greater Symptoms among which I shall speak of that Those pains that are outward in the Hypochondria and about the Groyns in Ruptures are refer'd to the Diseases causing them There is a cutting and stretching pain in the Loyns A cutting and stretching pain in the Hypochondria is from pain of the Womb. which is called the pain of the Womb because it is caused from thence At the time of the courses or when they are stopped Somtimes in great bellyed Women often after child bearing and with other Diseases of the Womb where it is described exactly There is often on one side A twitching and grievous pain of the Hypochondria Nephritis or Stone in the Kidneys seldom on both a twitching tearing and pricking pain most grievous in the Reyns somtimes by fits somtimes returning in a month or year this is called Nephritis from the cause which is the Stone or Gravel it somtimes is fixed and somtimes goes to the Groyns and not the Belly as the Colick And the Leg on that side is benummed At the first there is vomiting of flegm and choler and quick and little breathing At the beginning the Urin is with difficulty crude like water then thick and after bloody and there is red yellow or white Gravel found at the bottom growing together somtimes Somtimes they are so little they stick in the sediment and fat and fly up or stick to the pott All these last long or the pain goes to the bottom of the Belly and then departs in a moment or there is some hurt in the part as we shewed in stoppage of Urin. And this either is not or ceaseth presently if one or more stones be pissed forth the stone is somtimes sandy and brittle red or yellow or white long or round smooth or uneven greater or less or hard and flinty and then white or dunne somtimes of a strange shape The Causes The Diseases of divers parts in the Hypochondria under the short Ribs cause divers pains These parts are either the fleshy Bowels as Liver Spleen two Kidneys with the Ureters or parts belonging to them as part of the Porinaeum or Caul Stomach and Colon The diseases whereof reatch thither and are felt under the Hypochondria Some diseases of the fleshy Bowels cause pains these are manifest on that side where the Bowel lyeth If from the Liver it lyeth on the right side foreward the Spleen one the left side under the Stomach the Reyns one both sides with the Ureters under the other two Bowels The pain of the right Kidney is known thus from the pain of the Liver for when the Liver is afflicted the pain is more on the right side foreward where the greatest part of the Liver lyeth or against the lodg of the Heart where it lyeth upon the Stomach but the pain of the right Kidney remaineth fixed backwards a little lower in the Back But the pain of the left Kidney is not so easily distinguished from the pain of the Spleen because it is higher then the right Kidney And contrary to the common opinion the Spleen lyeth more backward next to the left Kidney Not on the left side so forward as is supposed Therefore the pains of these parts must not be distinguished by the Scituation but by other signs The diseases that may happen to all these and cause pain are Inflammation Weight Obstruction or Distension from a Humor or Tumor or from the Stone When there is Inflammation in these bloody Bowels Inflammation of the Liver Spleen Reyns is the cause of burning pain in the Hypochondria Liver Spleen or Kidneys it is from pure or fowl Blood and causeth a burning where the Bowel lyeth on that side For these Bowels have but dull sense of feeling from the outward Tunicle yet when the Inflammation reacheth to the parts adjacent which are very sensible and Membranous the pain is great and the Tumor more appearing when the Inflammation is in the outward gibbous part of the Liver or when the Spleen which lyeth lower under the Ribbs is swollen and the beating is more when the Spleen is afflicted because it aboundeth with Arteries and there are other accidents as were shewed
of the Bladder inflamed only it extendeth larger with outward redness and tumor binding of the Belly and stoppage of Urin and a Feaver which leaves behind it a sharp pricking pain with voiding of matter by the neck of the womb and hardness somtimes and Fainting and other Hysterical accidents As we shewed in other places The Causes The Diseases of the Nervous bowels in the Cavity of the Abdomen cause these pains that is of the Guts Bladder and Womb in Women The Guts fill almost the whole Belly The cause of the pain of the Belly from the Guts and they being very sensible the pain is great They are thick or thin Guts and the pain is distinguished according to the Gut That which is in the thick Guts which come from the Colon is called the Colick that in the Skin is called Iliack And because the thin Guts are most about the Navel the Iliack pain is more there But because the thick Guts are placed about them and reach from the right side to the left as high as the Hearts lodge down to the Fundament the Colick is chiefly in them The Diseases of the Guts that cause these pains are stretching or cold or flegmon Tumor or burning or disorder of the Guts from their place Too much stretching of the Guts Stretching of the Guts causeth pain of the belly especially with irritation causeth pain this comes from excrements and wind when they fill too much or stop and cannot pass Somtimes excrements and wind are in great measure carried to the Guts which fill and stretch Plenty of Excrements and wind in the Guts causeth pain and cause pain but if the passages are open it lasteth not but goes away with rumbling farting belching or purging This pain follows eating of raw Fruits Crudities and taking of a Purge before it worketh And it is worse when there is Choler or other sharp Humors as we shall shew in Diarrhaea Somtimes the excrements and wind stop in the guts and cause pain which is fixed somtimes in the part stopped Or else wandereth and is most where the Excrements and wind are most This pain is often in the thick Guts Excrements and wind stopping in the windings of the Colon cause the Colick which are full of thick Excrements and wind as in the great winding of the Colon on the left side in the begining of the straight Gut when the Excrements stay in the crooked passage and when they labor to get out the part seems to be bored or peirced and there is a Tumor to be felt and the pain decreaseth when the Excrements go back and increaseth when they return This stoppage is from Excrements which suddenly stop this crooked passage or from dryness hardness or toughness or slyminess of the same which will not let them rise up as we shewed in the causes of binding of the Belly Also in the Cells or hollows on the sides of the Colon that swel forth like a half circle Excrements retained inthe cells of the Colon cause the Colick when the Excrements are hardned and dryed therein they cause pain not only by weight and stretching but by stopping and hindering the others from coming forth Especially if they have lien long Also other hard bodies may do the same if they get in as stones of fruit or Chesnuts eaten which have caused the Colick to my knowledg with other hard meats and binding of the Belly also Also little bones taken from Hens Feet boyled in one that eat many for a Diet stuck long in the Guts of a Woman and caused the Colick and after a Clyster she voided abundance of them and was cured Also I knew one that had the Colick from eating much Cheese and voided it by Clysters and also Mites or Cheese worms by Urin. Also Fernelius saith that he hath found by dissection that the colon hath been almost closed up with flegm if it were not some other Excrescens and caused the Colick And he writeth that in a certain Embassador there was a hard body bored through in the passage of the Colon under the stomach as appeared by the Tumor which caused the Colick which after six years he voided being a foot long and then was cured This may come also from stones that breed in the Guts which the same Fernelius saith he hath seen as big as Wall-Nuts or Chesnuts and voided by stool I once saw one Lump like a stone so voided When the passage of the Excrements is stopped in the smal Guts The Cause of the Iliack passion is the stoppage of the smal Guts it causeth the Iliack pain and this is rather in the straight passage over against the right Kidney where they joyne to the thick Guts then any where else Then there is that grievous pain called the Colick vulgarly both in the right side from the stoppage and in the smal Guts about the Navel from the Excrements and there is Costiveness till Medicines take it away and it so continueth till the obstruction is quite removed And if the Excrements retained are Cholerick or Evil or Corrupt by long tarrying and grown sharp or malignant the Guts will be twiched and the pain the greater And although they somwhat provoke nature to void them by their sharpness yet because they cannot be carried to the thick Guts while the obstruction lasteth the Belly continueth bound but if the obstruction did not hinder them they being many would cause a Diarrhaea or the Disease of Choler or by sticking to the Guts a Dysentery rather then that Iliake passion with costiveness This they cannot do in the smal Guts being shut up there but they cause cruel pains till the obstruction is removed And from this choler long detained come other great accidents as Jaundies Fevers and somtimes a Convulsion from consent of the Nerves and the like as we shewed It hapens also from the total stoppage of the straight passage of the Gut or from neglect or from its stubbornness that will not yeild to Medicines that the Excrements are so gathered that they return back to the stomach and are vomited up with much detestation Hence is the Disease called Ileus or Misereremei The cause of this obstruction whether it be easie or hard to be opened may be hard tough Excrements And a natural narrowness of the passage or a continual use of hot things which dry the Guts and make them narrow there Or hard meats or hard bodies that breed there as we shewed As Fernelius sheweth that a Maid that had taken a Medicine of Quinces was stopped found in the smal Guts that they break If the smal Guts are rowled together in any other passages Rowling together or tangling of the Guts causeth Convolvulus so that the passage is stopt then the Excrements stop and the Wind and heaped together do stretch the Guts and cause the Iliack pain called Convolvulus in which when it is not far from the Duodenum they vomit their Excrements and
their poysonous and adverse quality at set times as the nature of the poyson is by soliciting the membranes and nervous kind do cause that long continued Epilepsie and almost incurable Yet the nature of which cause as also of other poysons we can no otherwise know then as by dissection made somtimes a Speck is discovered somtimes some humor black or froathy in some inward part of the Skul or bone or membrane or brain but somtimes nothing at all but that 't is a poysenous faculty we collect from this because it is not with a manifest cause or of such moment nevertheless produces such horrid symptomes and yet in the interim doth not kil the man nor yeilds to no Remedies And also this poysonous cause lying in the bowels produceth the like long continued and peâ—inacious Epilepsies as poysons taken in the Stomach and Guts which have some propriety of begetting an Epilepsie or meat changed into the nature of poyson or excrements putting on a venenate quality conteined in those places or also in the Womb as they would have it Of all which that these are the causes and do lie in the veins is judged and known from the affects concurring with them as hath been said or from others offering themselves about the heart strings and the veins and from the faults of the womb and stomach The Veins also if they be filled with malignant and venenate humors of this kind as it often happens in pernicious diseases especially in the pestiferous epidemical and contagious and that malignant vertue do besiege not only the heart but especially the nervous kind then deadly Convulsions do follow such as are wont to happen in Fevers not by reason of too much extinction of the Nerves from vehement heat but by reason of the malignant nature of the humor or also if without these diseases a humor heaped up in the veins changed into a malignant quality do put on that nature inimicous to the brain and Nerves that induceth rather epileptical accidents than others as in melancholy that such a poysonous quality is there also wont to cause the true melancholy and madness we shal shew in the alienation of the mind then I suppose that long continued and incurable Epilepsie doth chiefly proceed from this cause as also a poysonous cause raised from the same place doth cause that madness that lasts so long the which also for the like reason 't is probable doth happen in the mesaraick veins such matter being collected there which do produce rather an Epilepsie than hypochondriack melancholly where also many do write that a Catalepsis is conteined to wit a melancholly humor which we moreover hold to be malignant from whence vapors raised up do cause it And the manner of curing a Catalepsis they apply to this place and humor as we shall by and by shew And also in Women such matter is wont more commonly to be heaped up about the veins of the Womb where also the blood reteined and corrupted rather than the seed which we think can scarce come to that malignity doth cause Convulsion such as are often wont to happen in Virgins and Women that are hysterical their courses being stopt before and after their childing and it may also give an occasion for a Catalepsis That the like quality may arise in the habit of the body and cause an Epilepsie experience witnesseth with which Galen and Fernelius being instructed they write that they have observed the one that an Air in an Epileptick Child ascending from his Foot the other that a Vapor running from the Crown through the outward parts of the head did give occasion of the Epileptical fits as often as they came and we also have somtimes observed that an Air running from the hand where afterwards an Imposthume hath bred as also from the feet other or places hath done the like That the like poyson entring the body from without doth occasion Epilepsies for the like reason as in other Countries the bitings of virulent Beasts especially of the Viper and stinging of the Scorpion do shew so in our Countries 't is manifest that it doth happen from the biting of a mad Dog and besides the symptomes of madness and other cruel ones they are endangered by Convulsions and at length by many fits the Patients are carried away 'T is not yet sufficiently manifest whether there be any things found out which can produce an Epilepsie anew only by their malignant smel yet that epileptical fits are furthered by the smel of some things is certain which do it either by a certain propriety of which are reckoned the ashes of an Asses hoof Goats horn Weathers feet burnt also the smel of Bitumen Myrrhe Smallage and also the breathings of the Goats flesh or the Liver of the Hee-Goat and so much the more if they be eaten or because by a vehement and subtile vapor they assail the head and the nerves made weak by the continuance of this disease as also Wine which besides this doth easily alof its own nature trouble the Nerves they occasion Epileptical fits The Cure In these kind of cases proceeding from the brain all the operation of the Physitian which consists in prediction and Cure must be applied to the Cause nor neglecting in the mean time that symptome which is most urgent If therfore from a simple distemper cold and moist imprinted on the brain as we have said in old folks might happen by reason of their age The Cure of sleep and stupididity from a cold distemper or from a disease of long continuance they become sleepy or stupid yet are not altogether sick as that is hardly corrected so this fault is hardly taken away yet this distemper may be somewhat mended as was said in a weakness of the mind generated from the like causes by the same altering medicines and nourishments both taken and applied As also if the stupidity happen from a cold and dry distemper those things wil serve which are spoken of there in mending of the same distemper but if a stupidity follow the brain actually cooled by the external air or wind it wil be amended by applying of skins and feathers and other things actually hot also by suffumigations which because they serve also in a flegmatick cause they shall there be explained more fully But if a heavy sleep be from flegm or an afflux of a cold humor or from the excrements of the brain as was said The Cure of a Carus and Apoplexy from flegm although the common people despair of them which they judg not opprest with sleep but toucht with an appoplexy and indeed they are not free from danger yet the hopes of Cure is not to be cast off whenas many of them are cured unless some grievous accident supervene as a Convulsion and the humor putrefying an accute Feaver as shal be said do accompany it as in a Lethargie which in old folks is deadly though I have seen also after some
please their Mistress and when they perswade themselves that they can obtain somwhat of their love breaking forth into profuse joy they often speak many foolish and obscaene things and act them too and laying aside all shame somtimes commit filthy wickednesses and fear not to expose themselves to grievous dangers or if they despair of mutual love and good wil they continually afflict themselves with mourning and lamenting and by no means admit of comfort they refuse good counsels and express their grief by shedding of tears often sighs paleness for every Lover is pallid and pain of the heart with which they chiefly complain they are troubled whose pulse also is instable according as their mind is raised or deprest and by beholding or remembring their Mistress 't is raised stird up by which sign Erisistratus discovered love or by despair it becomes languid and calmed with which accidents being opprest at last they fall into grievous Diseases and hasten their own death or oftentimes in despair lay violent hands on themselves Melancholly denominated from black Choler Melancholly is a species of alienation of the mind in which the imagination and judgment are so perverted that without any cause they are very sad and fearful and they can alleadg no certain cause of their sadness and fear but that which is of no moment or that false opinion which they have conceived from depraved apprehhension As when they perswade themselves that they are damned that God takes no care of them that they are not predestinated although in the interim they be godly and religious and they fear the last judgment and eternal punishment which horrible melancholly and oft times driving men to despair is the most frequent species in the curing of which I have oftentimes been much hindered with which those that have been taken have oftentimes confessed to me with many tears deep sighs great anguish of heart and trembling of the whole body that they have been stirred up to Blasphemy against God to commit horrible things to lay violent hands on themselves to kil Husband Wife Children Neighbours their Prince being moved with no jealousie no envy towards them whom they intimately love but are compel'd as it were against their will and such thoughts do steal upon them whether they will or no when in the mean time they cease not instantly to begg of God that he would vouchsafe to free them from those wicked thoughts But others are very much troubled with the terrors of death and the fears thereof whiles they falsly imagine with themselves that they are out of favor with the Princes and Magistrates and that they have committed somewhat and are drawn to punishment or who otherwise do highly fear death which they fancy is even now hanging over their heads Others by other triffling falshoods conceived and imprinted in their mind do deceive themselves as he who thinking himself to be made an Earthen vessel gave way to every one he met least they should break him with a touch as some have beleeved themselves turned into brute beasts and another who thinking he had a very large Nose would not change this Opinion til the Chirurgeon deceived him by a Counterfeit stroke and shewing him a piece of flesh that he had cut a part of it And as that Woman who was wonderfully grieved that shee was forced every day to put on her cloaths and put them off again and another woman who as often as she though that when she was dead her Husband would marry another Wife she was transported to these accidents some think they have swallowed Serpents and Frogs and that they carry them stil alive in their body or by other tricks are deluded and they dream of many and wonderful things of this nature which somtimes relating with a great deal of affection and grief I have heard somtimes with laughter somtimes with great admiration and Pitty in all which cases they shew marks of sadness and fear whiles they complain cry with many and continual tears and do wonderfully exagitate both body and mind Otherwise they are idle and silent being asked answer not being driven scarce go forward they love solitudes and shun the company of men which species for that reason is called Misanthropia from the hatred of men and if hating the light they covet darkness repair to woods and hide themselves in lurking places and caves as the holy writ testifieth of Nabuchadnaesor then they call it Lycanthropia from the custom of Wolves others the wolfish melancholy With which perverse imaginations pains and cruel tortures of mind those afflicted oftentimes not only many months but years also and at last overcome unless they return to themselves and be helped by Counsel and Art either they die wasting or that death which before they feared they hasten to themselves by hanging or drowning or by some other violence as we have known many sad examples of this nature Which forementioned passions of Sadness and Fear as they do not produce equal effects in all but do pervert the mind in some more in some less so they do continually possess those which they have once invaded Yet they have by courses their exacerbations and remissions as we have shewed also they did otherwise happen in continal Feavers for a cause contained in the Veins after the like manner yet we have observed some to be thus troubled only at certain times as some season of the year or change of the Moon and especially Women while they are with Child or have brought forth or have their Courses There is also another species of it which they denominate from the place affected Hypochondriacal Melancholy Melancholy Hypochondriacal a Species in which the forementioned accidents do often intermit and again return upon the same day and those who are sick of it as oft as they come to themselves otherwise then the rest who unless some other thing be joyned do only complain of a pain of the Head or somtimes of a Heaviness do acknowledg that they are truly sick and though they scarce or seldome lie by it and notwithstanding are able to undergo other duties yet they complain perpetually of a pain of the Hypochondries especially in the left side which they call a pain at the Heart a Heat Pulse Murmur Belchings Vomiting Spitting pain of the Head Vertigo a ringing in the Ears beating of the Arteries and innumerable other affects which they feel and sometimes Phansie to themselves and they trie Physitians desire Cure and trie divers Remedies and unless they be eased presently they change Physitians and Medicines Mania or Madness is so great a depravation of all the the Functions of the Mind Madness that they feign judge and remember most things falsly acting not only as the mournfull an fearful Melancholick but all things besides reason and somtimes without fury they commit more modestly those things which they speak and do but most commonly being turned to Madness by their stern
same cause as hath been explained that by reason of the difference of these Veins in which the matter of Fevers is contained for the same reason they become continual or intermitting But it is certain that the matter is contained somtimes in the veins of the head only other times in the veins of the whol body especially in the greater and upon that account doth cause more grievoius or more mild accidents for as it was declared in continual Fevers if the matter putrifie about the heart there is caused a most burning Fever called a Causus so it fals out here to wit that if such matter be contained in the ventricles of the brain where otherwise the blood of the Veins and Arteries confounded together is very hot a madness or grievous melancholly is raised or if about a more noble part as the Womb the Blood which is wont to abound there and the seed also being retained be corrupted and changed into that poysonous matter as was alleadged formerly by the testimony of Galen it causeth that madness of the Womb in which they so much desire enormous and brutish copulation as hath been demonstrated by the example of a Woman who by reason of a long continued sickness of her Husband by reteining her seed fell into this disease and coveted copulation with dogs and by how much the further scituation it hath from a principal part in the lower parts by so much the more mild melancholly ariseth All which things must be judged how they are by the nature of the accidents and from this that no other external causes went before as was said of a fright from which a grievous melancholly is commonly caused rather then by the constitution which they set forth to be melancholly from the hairs of the body the color of the Skin and the habit also from the excrements seeing these diseases may happen not only to people swarthy lean and sad by nature but to all Naâ—â—tres all Ages as I have often observed But that the cause of it may depend upon a melancholly constitution which they have contracted to themselves by nature or by an ill course of living as was shewed in the hypochondriacal we do no waies deny seeing melancholly blood being turbid and impure doth the easier acquire malignity as also we have somtimes found that hypochondriacal melancholly hath passed into the true one the blood in the Veins being at last infected by the long continued evaporation of heat and also that melancholly which proceeds from the affection of the mind if it fall upon a fit constitution called the melanchollick it wil have a double cause concurring to excite a true melancholly lastly from the suppression of such excrements which easily pass into this poysonous matter as from the retention especially of the menstruous bleod or seed as somtimes a Suffocation of the Womb doth proceed so at other times a madness of the Womb as hath been explained A hot distemper affecting the brain and its membranes A hot distemper the cause of dotage a hot vapor the cause a hot distemper and dotage in a bastard phrensie for the most part cause that first a pain of the Head and if it be more intense a dotage by too much exagitating the functions of the mind but it grows hot somtimes from a hot vapor which is raised up either from hot meat and drink but unless then there be joyned a Narcotick or madding faculty as was said of Wine heat alone wil scarce bring a deliration but only a pain of the head but this is sooner done from hot humors blood too much evaporating especially if it contract some malignity also which is wont presently to make the brain mad as hath been shewed in the causes of melancholly which easily happens in blood altered or putrified whether in the Veins or out of them that by corruption it acquires some malignity from that therefore the like vapor being carried up to the brain it breeds a bastard phrensie so called in many diseases generated from such like humors whose symptom it is So somtimes a dotage is wont to follow a hot expiration raised foom blood in diseases generated from inflamed blood as in diary Feavers a sinochis and internal inflammations which is known to proced from thence by the disease accompanying it also from humors putrifying and so getting a preternatural heat a dotage doth somtimes invade all putrid Feavers at what time chiefly the hot expiration doth very much assail the head as in intermitting Feavers oftentimes at the beginning otherwise about the State and then also chiefly in continual Feavers the heat of the brain helping which by reason of the Fever together with all the parts of the body is heated also for the same reason also Children do oftentimes Rave by reason of Worms when they putrifie a Fever for the most part coming upon it Choller poured forth into the Stomach sending also a hot evaporation to the brain because it is acrid and subtile doth rather cause a pain and a Vertigo than a dotage as shall be said in its place Also Blood made too hot and especially too thin contained in the ventricles and Vessels of the Brain An hot Humor it the Cause of a hot Distemper and Dâ—tage in a bastard Phrensit inflaming the brain not only by a vapor but also by its proper substance induceth a bastard Phrensie as it somtimes comes to pass when by a blow or Fall or in Feavers it flows thither But if that it be carried out of the Vessels and poured upon the brain and its membranes An Inflammation is the cause of a hot distemper or Dotage in a Phrensie it breeds an Inflammation or Erysipelas according as the Blood is then it causeth a true Phrensie which also is called a Syriasis especially if it befal Children whose external and violent Cause may be that which shatters or hurts the Head or the internal a Fulness of Blood and inflammation of it whence a synochus Feaver arising pouring forth a portion of its hotter blood into this principal patr which before did very much abound with blood it makes this grievous Disease whose Companion is a continual Feaver as hath been declared in Feavers differing therefore from a bastard Phrensie because the feaver in that goes before the Dotage but in a Phrensie they both invade together by which signe also t is chiefly known An evil Conformation of the Brain as if it be too big or little or otherwise be not rightly formed for the most part creates the said Foolishness bred in some from their Birth whenas this proceeds from implanted Causes as from the seed of the Parents who either were Fools themselves or their seed had contracted some fault and t is easily known by this that they were Fools from their Birth because the Head answers the unshapen Brain in Greatness or Smaleness or Deformity An evil Conformation the Cause of Folly which fault if it reach to the
boyling hot whiles it is empty and the vapors then being hindred are the more freely carried upwards it happens that the said accidents are troublesome to the cholerick whiles they are yer fasting and that upon the taking of meat because the vehemency of Choler is abated and the vapors represt they grow milder and at last cease the which happens also the vapors in the head being discust of their own accord and so much the sooner by how much they are more subtile till new evaporations being made these evils do return but it is known that this proceeds from Choler by the bitterness of the mouth and gnawing at the mouth of the stomach which they call the heart and by other signs of this humor which also somtimes brings with the same labor a pain of the Head too with a Vertigo The same vapors proceeding from the Mesaraick Veins in which the cholerick juyces are wont oftentimes to abound as hath been shewed elsewhere as by those vapors raised from the same place and carried upwards by the Veins and Arteries intermitting Feavers hypochondriacal Melanchollies do invade a man by intervals so also they oftentimes raise the said symptoms which is done the vapors being carried upwards from thence through the Veins and somtimes through the Arteries which are annext to the Mesaraick Veins then especially when those vapors are subtile that they induce rather these accidents than Perturbations of the mind which hath been shewed do rather proceed from their malignity the which therefore do somtimes produce Vertigoes only or as they are qualified Images and Scotomies together with them or without them which we had rather alleadg as the truer cause than Pretend Crudities from which Wind rather than these like Vapors are generated But also from some other seat of the body these like vapors raised from a thinner blood through the Veins and Arteries may cause the same as from that part which is about the Womb as the Courses being stopt this symptom also doth happen as other also oftentimes upon this account and from some part of the Foot or of another member a vapor proceeding like to some Air being carried upwards as we have observed it hath been the Cause of an Epilepsie so also of a Vertigo whence somtimes Vertigoes go before an Epilepsie and presage that wil presently follow when from the like vapors vellicating the Brain Epilepsies also may be caused as shal be said in its place But the cause of these diseases sometimes consists in the Head it self in which not only spirituous hot and plentiful blood collected may cause the same as hath been said formerly but also from humors contained there the like Vapors raised and mixt with the spirits may produce these accidents which we do beleeve doth arise rather from the Blood of the Vessels and Ventricles of the Brain and the humors mixt with it than from flegm the which also we do not deny to be a cause of the Vertigo but not because it sends forth vapors but after this manner now to be explained 'T is certain that a Repletion of the Brain caused by a watry humor The Fluctuation of a watry flegmatick humor in the Brain is the cause of a Vertigo as well that Serous as Flegmatick doth cause that Vertigo which is wont to precede and threaten an Apoplexy or Carus which being frequent and of long continuance unless it be prevented is wont to terminate in these Diseases with great danger of life but it doth not this by cooling and moistning the brain seeing this agitation of the spirits which is in a Vertigo would so rather be hindred than promoted but this comes to pass when filling up the windings and spaces of the Brain by its great plenty filling the Skul and also generating plenty of Wind which are oftener ingendred from waterish humors than Vapors it waves in it for then as in the cover of the heart water abounding doth cause a Palpitation of the heart when it is stirred so here also it every where filling the Brain when the Head is moved the humor being stirred and following the motion of the Head as we have said of the spirits it gives such a sense to the head which doth sufficiently appear by their relation who complain of such a fluctuation and the Skul being opened we have often found an immense plenty of this humor as hath been said in an Apoplexy and in him in whom even now we said that the Arteries too were grown hard we have found so great plenty of it that the Skul being opened it hath come forth by floods the which together with that obstruction of the Arteries producing a double cause of the Vertigo made it so lasting and incurable in which that humor for continuance watring the Brain had bred that Carus of which he died But it is known that this is the cause of a Vertigo not only from that sense of fluctuation but also from other signs of flegm abounding explained in a Carus and Apoplexy to which those that are prone become at once sleepy and more stupid and at last fall into these Diseases unless prevented By occasion of the Visory Nerve implanted into the Eye and dilated like the form of a Net The Visory or Net-like Nerve in the Eye is the cause of the hurt of seeing most discommodities of the fight do happen seeing that is the principal Organ of seeing and that for the most part by consent of other parts when by reason of them it is disappointed of those things which are required to Seeing viz. the spirit and the proper object or else it cannot rightly enjoy them for otherwise being immersed in the Eye 't is so grounded that 't is scarcely troubled with any disease unless by consent of the Brain It is disappointed of the Animal spirit either altogether in blindness A Privation of the animal spirit in the Net-like Nerve is cause of Blindness or darkness of sight or in part in a weakness of the sight by reason of the Optick Nerve such as are Distemper Compression Hurts and Weakness proceeding rather from the defect of spirits than that fansied thickness and subtlty of them The same happens also the spirits flying from the visory Nerve towards their beginning in the Eye prest a long time and by consequence the Net-like Nerve by reason of humors filling up the Eye it sometimes happens that they are afterwards so long blind til the spirits return again And also the spirits being too much idle in the visory Nerve and as it were laid asleep or being retreated when there is no use of them the Nerve it self being made dull in those who being kept in darkness for a long time as in Prison or other dark places have seen nothing for a long time when they return into the light they scarce recover their fight or slowly or never any more And seeing the Animal spirit hath a constant need of the vital this by swooning
Brain being long and much smitten an Apoplexy which evils these Symptoms of Suffocations invading oftentimes by fits are wont to foregoe and foretel But that such like Vapors are for the most part raised up from the Veins as from crude impure bad and Malignant blood yet not putrefied otherwise a Feaver would be caused hath been shown in a Madness and an Epilepsie for as there diversly here and there in the Body such vapors being raised from blood collected in the branches of the Vena Porta and Cava molesting the Brain do produce the forementioned accidents so also in the lower Belly cheifly being collected as in a sink of Excrementitious blood and abundantly in great plenty flying upwards to the Midrif and molesting that either they create Suffocation only or other discommodities moreover But from the Mesaraick Veins especially the greater dispersed every where about the Heart to the Bowels Vapors from the Mesaraick Veins affecting the Midrif the Cause of a Night-Mare and in which by reason of the many Excrements of the first Concoction impure blood is easily collected such like Vapors somtimes arising and stopping about the Midrif they produce a Suffocation which they call the night Mare which invades rather in the night then when Concoction ought to be made because at that time the evil Vapors collected therefore the most part are wont by the accession of Crudities to be increased and moved and to be carried upwards and by reason of lying down to torment the more Whence in their Dreams feeling these streits they Dream of divers causes whence they proceed and being often raised up if the Mind moreover be somwhat affected with them they remain in the same perswasion and though they being raised and set upright the Vapors being then discust the evil ceaseth yet often returning if the Fewel of the evil remains at last it threatens and brings more grievous accidents to the Brain as hath been said The cause of which evil certainly depends upon an ill course of Diet and that a long time continued as in other affects sprung also from Vapors there especially in Hypochondriacal Melancholly and Intermitting Feavers as hath been shown in them This is therefore an accustomary affect to Children and those of ripe Age who do sooner and longer offend in their Dyet In the Female sex this more commonly proceeds from the Veins of the Womb Vapors from the Veins of the Womb affecting the Midrif are the cause of the Suffocation of the Womb. in the strangulation of the Womb therefore so called which when being derived from the branches of the Vena Cava and many of them and great ones do creep along the Womb and its Membranes if the filth of the blood doth stop in them which from the whol Mass of it is wont to be purged thither in impure Bodies that at the set time it may be emptied by the Courses Which is wont to come to pass more commonly in the unmarried by a stoppage of the Courses not so easily in the married by reason of Copulation and the Vapors from thence assail the Midrif they produce divers kinds of Suffocations of the Womb as they prejudice the Midrif and the neighboring parts or those that consent with it and as the plenty and nature of those Vapors is diverse For if it hurt only the Midrif either it breeds only a Dyspnaea if the plenty or offense be less or if it be greater it breed only an Agony of Suffocation but if that it also brings hurt to the Stomach that is continued to the Midrif then with a Dyspnaea and Compression of the orifice of the Stomach which they call the heart Nauseousness Vomiting a Vertigo and pain of the Head being caused by consent the Hysterical accidents do shew themselves Which passions are wont to happen in great bellied Women at the first Month the young one being not yet increased nor able to consume the blood that is retained especially if it be impure from which also they take a sign that they are with Child Hysterical Women are far more grievously affected if these Vapors especially the Poysenous being communicated to the Heart too by reason of its communion as it hath been said do also bring dammage In which species the Motion of the Heart wholly ceasing all breathing also ceaseth and as it were seazed on by a Syncope the Virgins fall by degrees to the ground and are held in that fit some a short time others the space of an hour before they come to themselves But at other times the Midrif by reason of the consent which it hath with the Brain as hath been said or both together affected with these Vapors with the said strangulation of the Womb that called the Madness of the Womb or Convulsive Motions and other hurts of the Brain offended do manifest themselves All which also may be varied not only by reason of the parts affected but also if a Poysenous cause be joyned according to the divers Nature of the Poyson by which they are wont chiefly to beset this or that part as we have expounded in other diseases of the Womb that vitious blood breathing forth such like Vapors is generated from divers causes and collected about the Womb. Amongst which they have beleeved that the seed retained and corrupted is not the least cause in Virgins with whom this affect is familiar the which yet can scarce be as long as it is contained in its proper Vessels and if poured out of them it be retained it rather produces an Erosion of that part then such accidents as we shall explain elsewhere Winds filling the Capacity of the Belly because they distend that Wind hindering the Midrif is the cause of a Dyspnaea as also the Midrif which shuts up the upper parts of it they cause a Dyspnaea which also the puffings up with Wind of the Stomach and Cholick Gut that lies under the Stomach do effect by reason of the neerness and Adherency with the Midrif and they know that they proceed from thence by the murmuring and distension of that place but that they write that they would no waies have a Night-Mare to be caused by the same Winds or thick Vapors the far more grievous evils which do then fall out and follow from thence do sufficiently declare A watery Humor also distending the Belly and drawing a sunder the lower Ribs of the Breast A Humor possesssing the Midrif is the cause of a Dyspnaea extending the Midrif doth breed a difficulty of breathing in an ascites Dropsie as shall be declared in a Dropsie But the Humor which is collected in the Cavity of the Breast doth cause a Dyspnaea rather by hindering the Lungs then the Breast as we shall shew in the Lungs The Bowels lying under the Midrif and growing to it The Bowels hindring the Midrif are the cause of a Dyspnaea or hanging by it if they acquire too great a bulk drawing down the Midrif with
no other in the Heart for it is sufficient by touching the Arteries to know the vital strength especially in regard the motion of the pulse is answerable to that of the Heart Also the Defect of the Heart is known by the breathing In the pangs of Death there is extream weakness Extream weakness in the hour of death which is more or less longer or shorter In which although the conflict between life and death or Convulsions the Members are moved yet the strength is gone And the pulse intermitteth and ceaseth like the flame of a Candles end that somtimes blazeth with a little refreshment from the grease but goeth out again when that is wanting And the motion of the Heart and Breathing are much stirred up in the Agony before they cease so that the whol breast is shaken and the Nostrils moved the body sweats and farteth which caused the Poets to say the Soul went out And death being at hand the heat leaves the external remote parts as Hands Feet Nose by degrees and the rest while the breast is warm a while til all the breath ceaseth the mouth and Eyes remaining open and the body turned like a clay colour we are certain the Soul hath left the body Sometimes while the man liveth the strength is taken away for a time Syncope or Swooning and all the Functions of the whol body suddenly Pulse and Motion ceasing so that it cannot be felt at least In the Disease called Deliquium Lipothymy or Lipopsychy in Greek if it be great 't is called Syncope And then all breath is gone so that you cannot perceive it by a Feather applied to the Nose or the like which may be stopped in this case only during the Fit while the motion of the heart is staied and hath no need of Breathing without Death But while the the Heart moveth it cannot want Breath because it procureth vital spirits In this Syncope they fall suddenly only with a noise in the Ears or hissing the strength being lost as in an Apoplexy if the Syncope be great but they differ in this that in the Apoplexy the Heart and Arteries beat and they breath though with difficulty and obscurity There is also a cold sweat called Snycoptical or Diaphoretick not from the digested substance of solid things but from the conflict of nature and the dissipation of the Spirits which is so great that not only thin humors but also the Dung and Urin break forth And because then heat vanisheth from the outward parts there is a cold sweat remaining and a paleness all over in those places that should be red by nature shewing it self first in the Lipps Somtimes there is a particular weakness when the internal or external Organs are deprived Particular weakness and it is called the weakness of that part not every weakness that comes from a Disease but as shal be shewed in the causes that which comes from the loss of the flourishing vertue Such as is sometimes in the Stomach Liver Brain Eyes Joynts or Members which shal be spoken of in those accidents which are produced thereby The Causes The Cause of all failing of strength The cause of all want of strength is in the vital spirit in man when it is not nourished with another spirit or moisture or consumed fainting and weakness of particular parts dependeth upon the inbred and inhaerent spirit of the similary parts which makes the spiritual substance of parts as they call it and giveth living vertue or life and strength and heat which is natural This natural spirit or heat being inbred in every substance of parts as in the Heart which though it abound with other yet hath this in it as necessary for life hath need to be continually nourished and renewed by the vital spirit made in the left ventricle of the Heart and communicated to all the parts by the Arteries as to the substance of the Heart by the coronary Arteries called the influent spirit that it might be the matter that sustains the innate spirit and because it easily disperseth it ought to be in great plenty through the body And hence is it that the heart being the shop where that spirit is made alwaies stands in need of Air and Blood whereof it is made Wherefore if they be wanting or but little there is one cause why strength faileth As when for want of breath the heart wants Air then Death follows except its motion were hindered by other causes as shal be shewed in the causes of swooning Because the Heart being dilated by motion often not filled with matter for vital sptrits dieth And this cannot befall it while it moveth not because it may subsist a while with its own spirits as other parts So we shewed in a Syncope wherein they revive after a long stopping of the breath But seeing Blood mixed with Air in the Lungs affordeth fit matter for animal spirits if it be consumed by great want of nourishment or Arrophy or stopped in the Vessels so that it cometh not to the parts there must be weakness But no man living can be so without blood that the Lungs should be so empty which usualhave so much or the Vessels that are so large by which the Blood is carried with Air from the Heart should be so obstructed Only strength fails in this respect that spirits are not made or being made they are suddenly dissipated which causeth the innate spirits to subsist no longer And that either when they altogether vanish and leave the body as in the Agony of Death or they depart for a time from the Heart and return again as in swooning Or when they are fewer then are necessary as in Weakness Also strength must needs fail when there is want of substance making moisture in regard the innate spirit is nourished not only with the infinent spirit but by radical moisture which consumeth dayly And so it is the occasion of Death or Weeknesâ— as it is wanting in the Heart where it is the proper nourishment of the spirit or in any other parts But if the innate spirit caâ—â—ed the spiritual substance of the parts or called the natural heat be extinguished or weakened or any part cold Then if it be in the Heart which hath as I shewed its proper native heat or innate spirit besides the vital which it aboundeth with otherwise there had been no coronal Arteries and be spent Death follows but if it be diminished there is a general faintness of the whol body as a particular weakness of some other member if it be in them But now I shal shew what causeth the dissipation of both the innate spirit called native heat and of the Influent spirit by which it is susteined And how the humor that feeds it is consumed by natural and adventitious courses They who have more innate spirit or natural heat The constipation of radical moisture through age is the cause of weakness and radical moisture are more strong
either the third or fourth day as in double Tertians and triple quartans A double Tertian Triple Quartan Double Quartan but if it be a double quartan the fit is two daies and the intermission one If a Tertian meet with a quartan the fit is three daies together and the intermission one day if it return the same day it is not a new sort but when quotidians come sooner one may come when another departeth And if the later feaver that it fal in with the former in the time of the fit then the fit is longer and may continue eight or ten hours but it is two fits of two Agues the one begins with a new chilness at the end of the other Some return the fifth or sixth day A Quintan or Sextan Feaver but they are but quartans which staied longer away than usually There are divers accidents of intermitting feavers which are troublesome as cold heat thirst Head-ach and change of Excrements Intermitting feavers not only begin but return with a cold fit first as the continual do with yawning shivering and coldness of Hands feet Nose and Ears first then shaking the Germans therefore call it Kaltwee or Frierer from the cold This is greater or less An Ague in High-dutch called Kaltwee or Frierer according as the Ague is Somtimes the body is very cold and the chilness come sooner in a Tertian slower in a quartan the Body shaketh the teeth gnash Both begin somtimes with less cold but then they last longer somtimes the cold is felt inwardly and outwardly also somtimes more within or without And when every part feels cold with heat it is called Epiala But we suppose that this is because intermitting feavers meet in the same day and the cold of one begins before the heat of the other is past Or when intermitting feavers meet with continual as we shewed Semitertians for in the continual there is alwaies heat and when the intermitting comes it begins with cold The heat which follows the cold and shaking or mixeth with it in most vehement Tertians presently kindled dispersed through the body sharp quickly at the highth and quickly declining In others it is gentler nor so general in the whol body but like the burning of green wood as in tertians that have lasted long It is also vehement in quartans but not equal over the body but with mixture of cold and as it were pain of the joynts and bones Thirst is the greatest Symptom in tertians and quartans they call for drink as for life And somtimes in the cold fit especially when the cold is outward and the heat inward they desire drink Somtimes there is Head-ach at first but it ceaseth before the end The change of Functions is seen chiefly in these They somtimes dote in the time of the fit they are unruly and tost when the heat is at the highth And they cannot sleep somtimes Somtimes they sleep too much as in Children They draw much breath the Puls at the first is smal afterwards quick and often and great and more or less uneven There is weakness except the strength be renewed in the time of intermission There is in some a swounding from whence it is denominated A swounding feaver is a sort of intermitting Feaver At the end of the cold fit there are often bitter Vomitings Also after every fit there is plenty of vaporing and hot sweat by which they decrease and by which they are judged Somtimes they void much Urin often and have somtimes the Haemorrhoids or Courses There is alteration of Excrements to be seen by the Urin which is of a yellow or flame color and substance and in Tertians ptesently or in quartans at a little distance they turn white and waterish at first Also a black Urin is not alwaies bad in a quartane if the matter of the disease be thereby purged The stools are cholerick and yellow somtimes black The Causes The first Cause of all Feavers is a Disease A hot distemper is the cause of all Feavers which is an hot distemper or preternatural heat making all the body hotter than it should be The heat which disturbeth the Patient is a symptom First we shal consider the place then the essence of this heat whether it be a Disease or a Symptom The place affected is not one but all parts of the body In all Feavers the whol body is the seat of the hot distemper not only the fleshy parts which are sooner inflamed but the Membranes and bony parts take this preternatural heat The heart grows first hot and then all other parts more or less begin to burn by consent as they are by nature hotter or colder But this is not a Feaver except the heart be also inflamed though the whol body burn with the blood spirits and other principal parts as the Brain Liver and the like Nor can the heat of the heart cause a Feaver if it be little or if it be short though vehement such as comes by Anger or Motion except it be fixed The essence of this preternatural heat in Feavers 〈◊〉 not the same in all and the difference thereof makes different Feavers For this heat is either adventitious and mutable which is called a fiery heat and that is either pure and single which inflameth only the body and causeth pure or not putrid Feavers Or impure and mixed with putrefaction infecting the body and making putrid or impure Feavers Or it is malignant and putrid together or alone and infecteth causing malignant putrid pestilent and venemous feavers Or this heat is fixed and constant or a change of the temper of body into a more hot hence come those called Hecticks How these come whether of pure heat or filthy shal be shewed in these three causes A pure simple heat when it only is a little increased A pure heat is the cause of pure or not putrid Feavers first in the Spirits and Blood Veins and Arteries and so sent to the Heart and fixed to the matter that nourisheth it and so communicated to all parts causeth pure simple and continual feavers when the heat being once kindled goeth not out till it be quenced These are either solitary or without any other disease in their course or accompanied with another disease that went afore or cometh after The cause of this variety is when the cause of the disease is either in the vessels or out of them If Blood is kindled or inflamed in the vessels that is Heat of blood and spirits coming to the heart is thecause of pure continual Feavers Heat remaining in the vessels causeth solitary Feavers in the Veins and Arteries and so the heart set on fire and a feaver produced and it continue to the end without moving into other parts then the feavers are called Solitary or accompanied or symptomatical as they come from or not from the disease If no Disease cause these Feavers but the blood is inflamed in the Vessels then they
distemper which may cause a Feaver in tender bodies or an Inflamation or Erysipelas of divers forts according to the variety of the Flux if it enflame it begets a Feaver in which the inflamed blood somtimes falling out of the vessels as hereafter we shal shew may renew the old or cause new inflammations These feavers are simple and pure not putrid and as the heat of the Disease is they increase or abate and end before it be quite over except there be a suppuration or a new pain or putrefaction These symptomatical feavers are in divers hot Diseases of the Bowels Membranes and other parts And the more vehement or long as the Disease is neerer to the Heart and the parts adjacent or great Veins or as the heat is greater or the body by nature more hot as in Infants who have a Feaver many times only by the breeding of Teeth They are milder and shorter when they are from the fountain of heat or outwardly in these there is little heat but horror and somtimes not that The Cholerick humor being most hot A cholerick disease is the cause of the symptomatical Feaver of the Ephemera or Synochus seldom causeth these kind of feavers But when it is not in its proper place where it doth no hurt nor mixed with the blood nor qualified with the Whey which so tempereth it that it cannot produce a feaver as we observe in the Jaundies but separated into sensible parts the Stomach and Guts and gets into their substance causing Erysipelas about the Belly the fever Lipyria in which the inward parts burn with intollerable heat and pain as Aetius observes about those parts and great thirst except it be cast forth by nature it fires all the parts adjacent with the blood and Spirits and causeth small feavers which follow such Diseases These we often see in the disease of Choller when it is vomited and purged and in the Dysentery and in the Colick coming from Choller and Erysipelas in the Guts as we shal shew And they cannot be great feavers because their cause is far from the Heart and lodgeth about the Meseraick Veins If Blood inflamed from the causes aforesaid Some Blood inflamed sent out of the vessels into other parts causeth a Synoch primary accompanied get out of the great vessels into any part internal or external and inflame the heart and cause a Feaver as it usually doth by its plenty heat or thinness or impurity either at the beginning of a Feaver or after by the force of Nature as in the Crisis of these Feavers we may see by their bleeding at the Nose Then it causeth a new disease in the part where it comes and a Feaver which is accompanied therewith but not symptomatical because it follows not the Disease but goes before it as I shal shew And these observe not the course of other simple Feavers but being increased or abated by the accidents of the Disease they are longer or shorter greater or less And when nature hath sent a good quantity of burning blood from the Veins thy are not so hot nor so thirsty nor ful of Head-ach as in solitary Feavers And this chiefly when the blood flows into the bowels or superficies of the body Sometimes this flux of blood in Feavers is into the Bowels capable thereof The effusion of inflamed blood into the inward pars is the cause of Synochus accompanied with Inflammation of the Bowels especially such as are most fleshy and bloody and ful of Veins joyning to the great Veins and neer to the Heart and chiefly into the Lungs which it inflameth and causeth a Peripneumonia and somtimes Pleurisie as shal be said These Inflammations go not before the Feavers because the Feavers shew themselves before there is a pricking pain or signs of Inflammation with horror and heat following and sometimes go some hours afore Nor are they caused by those inflammations but as they were first raised from Feavers and increased by a new heat in some part neer the Heart which shews that the Feaver did not there first begin and that is not putrid as others thought because the heat rais'd from the Inflammation increaseth the feaver rather by its quantity then filthy quality Nor doth it acquire or get any putrefaction from the inflammation especially when it first comes except the blood suppurate and then as Hyppocrates saith it is increased But we suppose this may be rather from the pain that is then increased and not a new putrid feaver from a putrid exhalation because it presently ceaseth Except this happen from an Ulcer that follows these inflammations as when a Pleurisie or Peripneumony turns into Phthisis the feaver being turned into a putrid symptomatical Hectick or from blood which is putrified and sent out of the Veins as I shal shew in putrid feavers These happen as in the Lungs from the situation and for to receive the flux So may inflammations which follow these feavers and increase them be from blood in a Synoch sent into the Liver or Spleen because they are boody parts and have large vessels These feavers in all the said inflammations of bowels are longer than other solitary Synochs in respect of the Disease accompanying them And they vary as the inflammations are true as Phlegmons from whence some are called Phlegmonodes Or Erysipelas wherein the feaver is more sharp called Typhodeis though this name be proper to the feaver in the Erysipelas of the Liver As the feavers from the Erysipelas of the Lungs are called Crymodes The same may come from blood sent into the brain in feavers which hath large cavities and is easily filled And then an inflammation of the Brain is joyned with the fearver which turns suddenly with doting into a Pleurisie with a pain of the Head which went before and caused blood to come thither and makes the feaver more dangerous and violent This may be also in the Stomach Guts Womb Bladder when the blood is sent thither in feavers But when another way which leads into the fleshy parts being membranous have only meseraick veins or are far from the great vessels and the Heart it comes to pass that when these parts are inflamed by pain which comes quickly to such sensible parts that the feavers rather follow the Inflammation than go before them and are as is said symptomatical As that inflammation which is in fleshy parts which are not so sensible of pain comes from the feavers and is a symptom of them These Feavers send blood from the veins into other internal parts Inflamed blood sent into the habit of the body causeth a Synoch these inflammations are red and painful as in the muscles of the Neck and Glandules and maketh inflammations in the mouth Tongue and Jaws and Quinsie And though they begin not from feavers but other causes yet when a feaver comes they increase Somtimes these feavers go before pains and swellings of the Gout when Nature by them drives blood
into the Joynts and then they are red and swollen except the tumor lie very low So that such as are inclined to the Gout being easily taken with this Feaver Nature being used to disburden her self into the outward parts joynts or skin are subject to these Diseases Also albeit these feavers go before Defluxions or Catarrhs and promote them yet because they do it not by affording matter to them but by moving the flux with their heat they are not differing from solitary feavers though they may also be joyned with other diseases Nature doth often discharge blood into the superficies of the body Inflamed blood in a Feaver sent to the superficies of the body is the cause of Synoch with a Botch Erysipelas smal Pox Measles or Carbuncle the Skin especially Glandules and internal Membranes in these Synochs and cause there Redness Heat Tumors or Pustles sooner or later and as the blood is Pure Thin Thick Yellow Black or Waterish or impute yet not putrid as we shall shew the Tumor and Heat and Pain are different This Difference is chiesly in respect of Tumors and Pustles These Feavers often produce Tumors or Redness called Carbuncles These are so usual to some Natures by reason of the Heat Thinness and Waterishness of the blood or Impurity that they have them upon the least occasion at certain times if the blood be but a little inflamed nor do they spare old or gouty people They are diary as we shewed and a Tumor follows them seldom the same day but two or three daies after either in the Glandules of the great Veins in the Groyns Arm-pits and Chine if blood go along with them And these are with pain and sometimes with inflammation The blood often falling into the lowest parts of the Legs there is often an itching and then a burning in the Ankles and after a redness with Yellow or Black as the blood is in thickness if it be an Erysipelas Somtimes it swels and is inflamed if it be an Erysipelas with a Flegmon when better blood flows thither and if the blood bewaterish the whol Leg swels with an oedematous Erysipelas These have a Bubo or swelling in the Groyn going before them the feaver commonly abates at their coming forth so that former Writers were deceived that thought the feavers began with them and were symptoms to them which are the contrary for the feavers appeared before there was sign of inflammations And if the Glandules only swel there is no great heat and it cannot be from a feaver The smal Pox though it be usual in malignant feavers are somtimes in pure feavers And the Measles in Infants by reason of the fulness of blood or disposition to be inflamed they come forth the third or fourth day but in a pure feaver they are not infectious and depart themselves Nature labors also to do the same in Synochs not putrid if the blood be black which it desires to expel by a Carbuncle not pestilential either alone or with a Bubo And many fear they have the Plague through ignorance A Heat mixed with Foulness first raised from putrid humors or parts of the body A putrid heat causeth putrid Feavers and so carried to the Heart and inflaming it and sent from thence to all the parts of the body causeth putrid feavers which continue or return while the putrid vapors or humor go to the Heart which they wil do because they are bred in the Veins and Arteries by which they may be directly carried therunto For these go to the heart with great Orifices conveighing humors and spirits into it and they cannot be carried another way For if a stinking Vapor couldpass the the cavity of the Breast another way into the Heart to inflame it we should alwaies have a Feaver from the vapors sent from the Excrements which though thin and hot so that they may be let flie and burned to flame yet cannot reach the upper parts to infect them unless it be by making a stinking breath As we shall shew And although a poyson or venemous quality can reach the heart wheresoever it is bred or by any passage yet these vapors bred in a thick putrid matter constrained to a certain place but by the manifest passages aforesaid By which means as a simple heat sent to the heart in the spirits and blood causeth a pure simple Feaver so doth a putrid vapour or matter by the same way cause a putrid Feaver which is divers according to the divers places in which the matter is bred which matter also is not alwayes of the same Nature The stinking Matter is either bred in the veins or arteries or out of the vessels in the humor of some part or substance thereof The Humors that cause putrid Feavers either putrifie in the vessels that is the veins and arteries either continued to the heart or in them that are not joyned by continuity to the heart but can send a vapour by vessels that are continued And this is cause why among putrid Feavers some are continual others intermitting The vessels continued to the Heart are the Veins and Arteries except the Mesaraicks Foulness of blood in the vessels continued to the Heart is the cause of putrid continual Feavers If any humor putrifie in these being largest and dispersed through the whol body because the way is open to the Heart the vapor and part of the humor go to the Heart and sets it on fire causing continual feavers because the cause is included in the vessels These if they kill not by the vehemency of the cause and the Disease or melt the body with heat go slowly off and and continue til the heat of the Feaver hath consumed the mattter by Vapors and Nature hath made Concoction of it and discharged it by a perfect Crisis The humor putrifying in the vessels is blood which being too hot and moist easily putrifieth as we may observe by it out of the vessels But all wil not putrifie but from a great fault but a little only some remaining good though by reason of the Disease and fasting the Patient gets no new and this is separated from the bad into other places And if it were mixed and grew hot yet it did not stink but the filth being separated it returns to its former purity As we observe in letting blood it flows somtimes pure somtimes impure and somtimes confused or mixed Moreover though blood hath divers parts yet one cannot be corrupted alone but all is made thinner thicker or fatter rather than cruder which cannot make perfect blood as I shewed for the blood in the Veins is made of them not distinct but confused or mixed though they seem divided in cold blood and there is no part of blood but is made of them This is manifest by the Urin and Sweat when the serum is putrified Hence are divers sorts of putrid feavers not because divers parts thereof called humors as Blood Flegm Choller or Melancholly are
corrupted but from the place in which the humors putrifie and the diversity of the blood so corrupted There are distinct Feavers in respect of the place wherein the humor corrupteth first in the respect of the veins and arteries The corrupt Blood that causeth putrid Feavers is constantly in the branches of the hollow Vein and in the greatest of them in which more may be contained and from which the Heart may be sooner reached which cannot be done in the least branches Therefore in the trunk of the hollow Vein which passeth upwards and downwards from the Heart by the Back-bone or in the great branches that come from it into Throat and Groyns this corruption of blood being contained and alwaies disturbing the heart it causeth divers putrid feavers as the filth is nearer or further the Heart Any corruption near the Heart which sends it self Corruption of blood in the hollow Vein near the Heart is the cause of putrid Synoch causon Leipyria or vapors to it maketh a Synoch feaver which increaseth or decreaseth or stands at a stay according to the corruption And in a causon or bruning feaver because its heat is near the Heart there is no manifest change because the heat is equal especially when the heat is at the height and cannot be raised but by death Yet the Patient may find about the Breast Midriff Back where the corruption lodgeth a burning which troubleth the Heart and parts adjacent And this is the cause why in a Leipyria which is a sort of causon that the inward parts do burn When the corruption is in the branches of the hollow Vein distant from the Heart Blood corrupted in the hollow Vein remote from the heart is the cause of a Synoch exasperated because it causeth not so much heating it begets Feavers with fits which have different heat For when the Vapors whose matter is forced of are hindered by the long passages and cannot come in order and the same measure to the Heart it comes to pass when it is increased it comes with more violence and encreaseth both the heat and fits without horror as at the first because the feaver was before These fits go away when the Vapors are discussed but not the feaver for heat once kindled although the cause abate cannot thereby be extinguished as we shewed concerning simple heat from an external cause which cause being removed the Feaver ceaseth not till the Heart return to its former temper And this is the true cause of fits which come somtimes twice in a day when the stinking vapor is much and not far off and the other day once because the day before some part was discussed and keep or change their course in respect of the cause which acteth Also when the cause is far of or is less the fits come every third day at first and so continue for a time seldom the fourth or every other day For which causes these putrid continual Feavers are called ordinate or inordinate quotidians Tertians or quarrans But in those whose cause lurketh in the Veins remote from the Heart there is a heaviness or pain or burning in the part where the matter lodgeth in the Neck Loynes or Joynts There is alwaies a pain of the heart also not that the matter lodgeth there but from the hot Vapors Also in all these putrid Feavers whether the matter be near or far from the Heart A Portion of putrid blood which causeth a putrid Feaver sent from the hollow Vein into other parts causeth continual Feavers accompanied with other Diseases a part of it may be forced by nature out of the Veins as in pure Feavers by which she is disburdned into some internal or external parts producing Tumors Pustles or Spots which are not signes of Inflamation but Putrefaction As in Children the smal Pox and Meazles break forth as Fernelius saith plentifully in a Feaver like a putrid Synoch but they are not infections but in Malignant Feavers It is a question whether blood can thus corrupt in the Arteries to cause Feavers Corruption of blood in the great Artery causeth a burning Feaver For it being hot and spritful may easily burne and conveigh a a simple pure Feaver to the Heart but it can scarse alone or seperated from the blood of the hollow Vein which is very pure be corrupted though with it it may or be infected by neighboring humors especially because vapors that come from putrid blood are carried that way to the Heart both in putrid and intermitting Feavers But if corruption should be in the Arteries from the causes aforesaid the feaver will be most violent as in a causon when corruption is in the trunk of the great Artery near the Heart These feavers also differ in respect of the blood in respect of its temper or distemper before it caused them Temperate blood which offendeth only in quantity and which is not naturally inclined to putrefaction if it corrupt Corruption of temperate blood in the Vessels is the cause of a putrid Synoch causeth a putrid Synoch which is either made so from a Simple Synoch wherein the blood was first inflamed and then corrupted or from the external causes at the first Therefore some call the beginning of them putrid Ephemera which come from outward Causes But we because this putrid heat ends not in one or somtimes many dayes as a simple doth cannot call the ephemeral but putrid Synochus because in them the heat is milder then in other continual putrid Feavers and more equal from the temper of the blood having no fits from the equality of the blood and because being near the heart in the great vessels it is first afflicted with the external causes and so the heart beats with an even Pulse As we shewed If the blood be distempered Corruption of hot blood in the Vessels causeth a burning Feaver before it corrupt it must be hotter then ordinary for if it be too cold or crude it rather causeth Cachexy or ill habit of Body then Feavers And if it be so Corruption of hot blood in the hollow Veins and Arteries near the Heart causeth a melting Feaver before the feaver come whether it be too thin or too thick or corrupted it causeth Inflamation and the more when it is in the Arteries or any place near the Heart hence come burning feavers continuing in the same state so violently burning that except they kill the substance of the Heart is melted away therewith and dryed so that the whol body consumeth as we shewed in a melting feaver Praeternatural Heat or fault in the blood is the antecedent Cause of Corruption of it in the Veins If the blood beinflamed with heat we shewed that it caused diary feavers within a sanguine and full Body as we shewed in a simple Synoch except the heat abate of it self or by cooling medicines cause a suppuration either in the blood or in the parts So that the mass of blood being corrupted by long
heat there is not a simple heat but a compounded feaver with putrefaction And this is the cause why a Synoch not ending the second or third day becomes putrid This is known by the signs of an Ephemera and simple Synoch the one whereof is that the heat began externally And this is the reason why fulness of blood which many say is the cause of putrid feavers causeth a change of simple feavers into putrid Foul or evil blood which hath the seeds of corruption in it or is disposed thereunto if it be gone so far by its plenty or corruption that nature cannot order it that is amend or purge it causeth by putrefaction divers putrid feavers differing according to the place wherein or the matter of which the putrefaction is These are foreseen before they come by a constitution not perfectly sound nor sick by reason of some secret fault in the blood in which there is a laziness haviness and pain of the Head troublesom dreams stretching of the sides or Hypochondria Heart pain Nauseousness loathing of Meat change and stink of usual Excrements or not usual as sweat spitting vomiting belching This fault of blood comes either from things taken in or from Excrements retained or from outward things Things taken as meat and drink which are the matter of which blood is caused if they be of evil juyce or corrupt cause this fault in the blood Meats of evil juyce though after they are eaten they are somwhat changed by concoction and turned into blood yet in regard the former condition remains if they be often taken produce these putrid feavers which are popular or common when the meats ordinary eaten by most people from necessity are such as Herbs and Fruits or Corn eaten in too much plenty when unsound as in time of dearth these infect the blood and cause Epidemical Feavers in Cities and Armies Also if the food be naturally good and be putrified before it be taken it infects the blood As when they are too old or corrupt by too much moisture whether Flesh Fish or Cheese by stink and Putrefaction being long taken infect the Blood and cause Feavers And common Feavers come by corrupt Water Bread or Flesh at Sea or from Corn that is mowed up wet Those most easily corrupt being eaten which have much Excrementitious moisture as summer fruits the eating of these in summer abundantly causeth Feavers in Autumn or the Spring following Things that nourish as Mâ—â—k and Eggs or sweer things soon corrupt in hot Stomacks and turn to Choler which causeth other Diseases rather then Feavers So do hard Meats and slimy when the Stomack Liver or Spleen are afflicted for want of concoction cause crude blood and obstructions rather than Feavers Except there be other accidents The retention of the Vapors and Excrements of blood usually sent forth by insensible Transpiration or sweat infects the blood and causeth Feavers This may be from divers causes from idlness and sluggishness of nature in expelling of Excrements obstruction of the Skin and pores thereof and want of Aire Not that the blood is inflamed and then corrupted for want of Air through the pores to cool it as we shewed in the causes of a Diary Feaver Nor that it can come from a sudden cold taken in while the body is hot But because the skin being made thick the Excrements usually purged by the pores cannot come forth And because the body cannot be refreshed with Air to consume the moist Excrements under the skin As we may observe by things kept in close places where fresh Air comes not they grow mouldy and musty so by the long retention of these moist Excrements for want of Air the blood may be infected and Feavers follow When the Air is infected with evil Vapors from stinking Carkases and taken constantly into the body it infects the Spirits Blood and Heart and causeth putrid Feavers and they are somtimes popular when many live in it and are disposed for it Or contagious when the putrefaction comes from the breath or sweat of sick men This is from a malignant or venemous quality rather then a simple corruption The vessels not continued to the heart of veins and arteries are only the meseraicks Corruption of blood in the meseraicks is the cause of intermitting putrid Fevers branches of the gate-vein which comes from the liver dispersed through the bowels in the lower belly and no where else never coming forth to the skin but in the Fundament where they are called Haemorrhoids For the Arteries which accompany these as also those that accompany the branches of the hollow Vein coming all from the great Artery are continued to the Heart thereby Therefore if a humor corrupt in the meseraicks though their passage be intercepted by the substance of the Liver in which all their branches are yet because the branches of the hollow Vein are also in the same substance of the Liver and are joyned to the mouths of of the branches of the Gate-vein and because there is a constant passage of the Blood in the Liver by them And also because the Arteries coming to the Heart are joyned to the Meseraicks in the Spleen Stomach and Guts By this communion and vicinity it happens that as oft as evil vapors rising from the Meseraicks do fill the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery they pass that way to the Heart and cause putrid Feavers by their stink but these are not continual but intermitting And because the putrid Matter is not far from the Heart in continual Feavers they may a little intermit but not wholly cease For the Heart once on fire before it be wholly quenched and a new vapor in the Veins that come unto it must have fits at certain times As we shewed Also this is from other Causes a filthy vapor in the Meseraicks which causeth a Feaver which doth not constantly touch the Heart with the same force by reason of the distance this is not alwayes unequal but wholly ceaseth by reason of the stoppage of passages to the Heart And so long intermitteth while the putrid Matter confined to its fire swells and sends forth a vapor to the Heart with some of it self For it being abundant and of an evil quality provoketh Nature to send it into the branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery and so into the Heart where it causeth Feavers to continue so long till all the fuel be burnt up or sweat out After which manner a Feaver wholly ceaseth till a new fit cometh by a new motion and heat of the Matter sooner or later and not in the same form As shall be shewed Now let us consider what humor it is that putrifieth in the Meseraicks what is the conjunct cause of intermitting Feavers and the antecedent Cause of Corruption The humor contained in the Meseraicks is Blood yet not so pure as that in the Liver purged from the waterish and cholerick Excrements and fit for nourishment although some part
of it for nourishing the membranes be pure it is waterish and some part thick it is full of excrementitious Humors that pass with the Chyle and being purged from these in the second concoction it is sent into the hollow Vein These excrementitious Humors seem whey-like and cholerick for Serum or Whey coming from much drink and moist food and passing through the Meseraicks and carrying with it other crude humors passeth in greater quantity to the emulgent Veins and so to the Reins and Bladder The cholerick Matter rifing from Meats and Drinks mixed with Blood is first purged by the liver and then sent to the Gall. Besides these two Humors for which nature hath made two receptacles we can find none nor can we by reason or sense perceive that the Spleen was ordained for that purpose Therfore a putrefaction in the Meseraicks nor in the hollow Vein cannot be distinct in any part of this blood or in the excrements mixed therewith but must needs corrupt the whol mass And if it come to the height that it sends most hot vapors which only can reach the Heart then it produceth these fevers Nor can they come from a crude or waterish blood which wil not so corrupt and grow so hot to send such vapors but other Diseases may As when the matter which aboundeth in this blood is cholerick and is not sufficiently clensed in the Gall but makes the blood too cholerick and putrifieth it then causeth intermitting Fevers by hot and subtile vapors sent to the Heart And for this cause we affirm that this blood corrupted with yellow or black Choler such as we have seen voided by the Haemorrhoids in the Cure of such fevers and Children have voided abundantly by stool causeth these intermitting fevers Thus The cholerick blood being long in the Veins before it produce a fever at length corrupting and swelling and burning about the Midriff and sending forth dry vapors which first offend the sensible Nervous parts by pricking the expulsive faculty causeth cold at the beginning of the fit the heat being sent in with the blood and when nature strives to shake off that which offendeth yawning chilness shaking as we may observe in other places when any sharp matter strikes upon sensile parts the body shivereth also Vomiting is often in the beginning from the stirring up of the expulsive faculty These are at the beginning but after when the Vapor from the Midriff ascending to the Heart by the waies aforesaid enflameth it a heat follows and the cold and shaking ceaseth except the Vapor go so soon to the Heart that the heat appears before the cold be gone and there be both heat and cold at the same time as in the fever Epialis This heat being raised from the Midriff the whol body is inflamed a great thirstand other accidents from heat continue so long til the Vapors being discussed by insensible transpiration or sweat the fever departs or intermits so long til new matter corrupting in time of rest cause as many vapors as may make a new fit And this course of fits continueth till all that matter which was apt to corrupt be taken away by help of Nature and the Physitian for in every fit part of that cholerick matter corrupted is turned into a Vapor discussed by heat or sweat out or pissed forth the Urin being after the fits yellow red sharp and stinking sometimes the whol Disease is dissolved by sweat and if any thick part of the choler stick in the skin there followeth the Maunge or Scab or the like somtimes by vomiting flegm and choler sent into the Stomach from the Gall is voided by whâ—ch the cause is taken away and the Ague cured These are by Art or Nature separating the feverish matter from the blood in the Meseraicks and the Vomits and Stools are bloody often when there is a Cure but it is dangerous because the way is not ordinary except the cause of the fever come forth with blood at the Haemorrhoids by these means we have seen quartans cured which could not be by other bleeding which draws from the branches of the hollow vein only and the Meseraicks only appear at the Haemmorrhoids Nor can the cause be so taken away except when the branches of the hollow vein are emptied theseverish matter gets into them out of the Meseraicks But if there be such a passage and the putrid blood be mixed with that in the branches of the hollow Vein an intermitting fever is made a Continual as I have often seen by unseasonable blood-letting when the cholerick matter is purged from the blood and the blood tempered with serum and carried thereby into the branches of the hollow vein and so into the habit of the body and Urin which it tinctureth then the fever either ceaseth with the Jaundies if the the whol cause be carried thither Sometimes this matter isinfused into the fibres or smal veins of the Guts and produceth Erysipelas and Colicks the fever ceasing or not as the matter is wholly or in part carried away from whence if Convulsions arise they are dangerous as I shewed Fernelius saies that he found a pound of this cholerick matter about the Membrane of the Liver and the Nerves of the Back in one that he dissected after his death of a Fever Therfore if cholerick blood corrupt in the Meseraicks it is the true cause of all intermitting fevers they come and go by reason of stoppage of the way to the Heart and thinness of the Vapors The diversity of them comes from the diversity of the place and matter The matter of this putrifying cholerick blood is not alwaies the same but as we see choller separated from the blood is now yellow now green and black thicker or thinner so is this divers in the Mesaraicks especially thinner or thicker The Corruption of thin choller in this blood before it can cause a feaver Corruption of thin blood in the Mesaraicks causeth an intermitting Tertian exquisite when pure Nothus or Bastard tertian when impure must be three daies after the first Corruption is discussed hence it is called a Tertian which comes every third day And if as much be corrupted as before it comes at the same hour or if more be corrupted it comes one hour or two sooner when less corruption or matter for it remaineth the fits are later and the feaver decaies But as this chollerick matter is pure or impure the course of the whol feaver and its fits varieth Pure Choler which is mixed with blood being hot makes an exquisite Tertian and because the vapors are sooner discussed the fits are shorter and the feaver lasteth scarce seven fits by reason of the quick motion of the matter If it be impure mixed rather with crude than flegmatick humors and blood it causeth a bastard tertian in which the fits are longer more disorderly and the fever longer because the matter is much and unequal If the Choller be thick and burnt Corruption
than to be the Receiver of Melancholy nor finding any other black Choler than that which is made of the yellow cannot be convinced that such a humor in the Spleen can produce either quartan or other Agues And if they call the melancholick juyce corrupted so and make it the cause of a quartane we wil not grant that to be in the substance of the Spleen or elswhere distinct from the blood whose dreg it is But if they understand by it the thickest part of the blood in that they confirm our Opinion which teacheth that some of the blood in the Mesaraicks corrupting causeth intermitting fevers because Faeculent blood is rather in the great Veins of the Mesaraicks than in the smal of the Spleen by reason of the plenty of Arteries filled with thin rather than thick blood In which Mesaraicks if corruption in the dregs of blood causeth quartans as they grant then they must confess that the cause of Tertians is from the same blood but in a divers part as we shewed But we do not affirm either excrementitious choler gathered out of the Veins whether yellow green or black to be the cause of intermitting fevers if it putrifie in regard it is a very hot and sharp humor being in the Belly especially if it corrupt or be heated more and it causeth rather Colicks Heart-pains Vomitings and Cholerick fluxes by pulling the parts than Fevers except by inflammation through pain there be a little fever which seldom follows these Diseases And if it be so hot it cannot stay so long to raise corrupt vapors and send them to the Heart to cause a fever but this being moved and hot by a feverish heat brings forth accidents that signifie Choler as we shewed of which the fever is rather the cause than Choler the Cause of of the Fever which being naturally mixed with the excrements and corrupting with them and sending stinking vapors doth not infect the superior parts They say that superfluous flegm in the Stomach Guts Mesentery and about the Bowels corrupting causeth Agues called Quotidians and if it be glassie or sharp Epiala's And some say that the corruption of waterish flegm causeth a gentle Fever in Dropsies called Leucophlegm and Cachecticks But how can slegm which is cold get so much heat from putrefaction that it may produce sharp and hot vapors to cause Fevers because if it be long kept and the part be hot it wil turn rather slimy than putrid And no Authors mention any kind of putrid flegm moreover these Fevers answer to the three humors excrementitious as they say viz. to Flegm Choler and Melancholy And there is another cause of Epiala in which heat and cold are both at a time As for the waterish flegm that brings a Fever we shal shew treating of the serum that serum is the cause there of and not flegm For as Serum or Whey washeth the blood and by its moisture allay's the heat and the Choler in the Blood in the Jaundies So when it is mixed in the Meseraicks with Cholerick blood putrified in a great quantity it causeth lingring and long bastard Fevers But this Whey being separated from the blood into the Abdomen that is Belly or Breast or under the Skin and there contained a long time corrupting and turning stinking and sharp as we have often seen it green and stinking when it hath been let out in Dropsies It causeth little Feavers especially when it is near the Heart being hot and thin and corrupting the parts that contain it Such Feavers are in Virgins that have the green sickness saith Fernelius Fleshy moist Bodies because they easily corrupt and so have a preternatural heat beget putrid Fever caused by the humors which are out of their vessels whether they be Natural as parts of the Body or contained in the Body as a dead Child or Secundine or preternatural as Worms Corruption of some parts of the body Corruption of some parts causeth gentle symptomatical Feavers causeth gentle putrid Fevers if any part of the corruption or Vapor from it get to the heart And these are of long continuance especially if there be corruption of any noble part or neer the Heart by which means viz. the continuance of the Fever and corruption of the part the body consumeth This corruption begins from some humor fixed and stinking corroding or infecting the part Or from an Ulcer or Imposthume after Inflammation or outward hurt or a Vein broken We shal shew the reason why this falling in some parts causeth Fevers in others not In the Phthisis or Consumption the Lungs are usuallyulcerated corrupt and filthy and consumed for the most part and the heart being constantly by their neerness infected there is a gentle symptomatical Fever which turns into an Hectick which from the loss of a noble part makes the whol body lean and destroyeth it Corruption of the Liver and Spleen by reason their substance is alike cometh from the same causes in both which we find often after Death with great stink and it brings lingring symptomatical Fevers which produce Atrophy and Cachexy and the vulgar take to be Hecticks from the want of blood most usual in Virgins and Children such Children may have at the time of sucking and in the smal Pox when they refuse drink and want moisture to cool them the Liver growing hot hard or swollen Corruption of the Reins causeth no constant Fever because it goes away by Urin neither doth the body pine away for if one Kidney be consumed the other wil officiate for it so a man may be long preserved The Brain and the Heart being noble parts cannot be corrupted to produce a Fever while a man is living Though Ulcers have been observed in the Heart which have caused Death before a Fever Also corruption in the Membranous parts about the Stomach Guts Bladder and Womb the Mesentery and Cawl causeth a lingring Fever Also in any part of the body inward or outward and the farther from the Heart the corruption is the more uneven is the Fever and intermitting If the Child in the Womb with the Secundine joyned by the Vessels to the Womb be putrified and continue til the Womb be infected and other adjacent parts as I have seen there is a Fever of the same sort which disturbeth the body after a divers manner and is long if the Patient die not Also preternatural things bred in the body Corruption of preternatural bodies causeth lingring symptomatical Fevers as Worms or Flesh joyn to other parts corrupting and infecting other parts produce the same Fevers which shake and consume the body but not except they corrupt albeit Infants that have live Worms are feverish and it is like a Synoch from an external cause sharp not gentle and as that hath other accidents so in this Children have Worms A great heat with a malignant quality strikeing the Heart gets constant malignant Fevers and if it infect others contagious thus differing as the heat
othertimes to permit it according to age custome and as they are well or ill after it that it be not immoderate or unseasonable And if the patient be long without sleep to give and apply things to provoke it Frictions instead of excercise in regard they cannot perform more do stir up the strength to expel the cause of the disease A resolute mind also not too sad especially confidence in God and his Minister the Physitian with hope of safety in this or the life to come is a great help to strength As for Medicines we have shewed restorers among the alterers which also hold up the strength besides which we have declared many in our treatise of Sowning and in swoning Feavers When the strength is wholly dejected give this julep Take Rose Bugloss and Scabious water each one ounce and an half Cinnamon water made with Wine for the heat thereof is not then to be feared half an ounce Species Diamargariton frigid half a dram strain them and add Manus christi perled one ounce juyce of Lemons one dram give a spoonful at a time Or thus Take Confectio Alkermes a dram if there be no loosness which will be provoked by the Lapis Lazuli in it syrup of Poppies half an ounce Cinnamon water two drams with Bugloss water give it somtimes with a little added The external things to be applied to the pulse and Heart are mentioned in the alterers As for the Symptoms many of them are mentioned in the Cure of the cause and the disease though some require a peculiar cure which shall be shewed in the practice but here we shall shew briefly how we are to proceed Head-ach and doting that follows presently after which are the chief are amended with the things that are given against the cause and the disease because they suppress vapors and burning in the Head Yet when they are strong we open the Vein under the Tongue and use Scarification Cupping and Frictions for revulsion And apply to the Head topicks at first to repel then to asswage pain and afterwards to discuss as we shewed in the Treatise of Head-ach We hinder too much watching or waking with sleeping Medicines and Narcoticks in time of necessity mixed with Cordials above mentioned and coolers to correct them because they would heat alone given and increase Head-ach If they sleep too much we take it off with revelling means Thirst is quencht with cold drink and sharp many give candied things which cause it by sweetness Also it is allayed as we shewed by sleep restlesness is abated with cold things especially drink and by changing the place which by continuance in they make hot and by taking cool Air. We shall shew hereafter the Cure of the Tongue Mouth and Jaws inflamed and the quinsie which is in Feavers also of the dryness and clamminess of the Mouth and blackness of the Tongue The pain of the Heart is cured by anoynting of the Stomach The Swoning as we shewed afore The heat of the Hypochondria or sides by things applied to the Liver and Reins as we shewed For the shortness of breath we anoynt the breast in a Diarrhaea or Flux we apply things to the belly and give inward things that bind without heat as syrup of quinces when the body is bound we give Laxatives If a Hectick is suspected from the leanness of the body we apply to the Heart and Breast Epithems and moistning Oyntments and give often the mentioned Cordials and such as shall be explained in the Cure of the Hectick Intermitting putrid Feavers are Tertians or quartans simple The Cure of intermitting putrid Feavers whereof some have one well day others two or double which come every other day and these are either equisite made of a simple Humor or bastard from mixed Humors of divers kinds We make no more kinds of these which others mention are either comprehended under these or not known we shall speak of Feavers Compounded of intermitting and continual by themselves The judgment of all these is more certain then of continual Feavers for as I say tertian are shorter if exquisite and in Summer or Spring but longer if bastard and begin in harvest quartanes are longest that begin in Autum they continue ordinarily six months and somtimes but three and by want of knowledg are kept somtimes a whol year All double Feavers keep their own nature These Feavers of themselves are not deadly although the exquisite are very sharp because their cause lycth far from the Heart in the lower belly about the Excrements as we shewed for whence also it may better be purged Except it be carried into the great Veins and cause a continual Feaver which is dangerous It hapens also often that if intermitting Feavers last long or come often that new diseases follow from hurt of the Liver Spleen Stomack and Guts and greater Symptoms as the Colick Jaundies Dropsie and the like by error of the Patient or Physitian We shall shew the Cure of all both Tertian and quartans Because they are all from the same cause that is choller and in the same place that is the Meseraicks although some have treated of them in respect of diversity of Humors natural and preternatural making bastard Tertians from Citrin yellow Choller which is mixed with thin flegm or from yolk-like Choller which is mixed with thick flegm calling both of them Tertians of greater fame and call the other a Tertian of less fame which is mixed with Melancholick juyce and prescribe a particular Cure for that which comes of green Choller like verdigreese And will have the divers bastard quartans from not only the burnt dregs of blood but from Choller and Flegm burnt And will have quotidians not only from simple flegm but sweet sower salt glassie called Epiala and Lipyria and say they come from that flegm mixed with Melancholly or Choller and teach a particular Cure for them all as also of Syncopal or Swouning Feavers as if they were divers kinds Hence come the many confused treaties of Feavers and the diversity of purges according to the diversity of humors that cause them as they suppose which if any should follow they may as soon Cure their patient by leaving the whol work to nature which often times doth it alone Therefore we shal speak of the Cure of all Agues or intermitting fevers together First shewing what is to be done by Evacuations to remove the Cause and by Alterers and Restorers or Stengtheners and to be observed in Diet. And last what is to be done to the Symptoms In respect of the Cause we must take it away or abate it by Evacuations which we shewed was putrid cholerick blood in the Mesaraick Veins And if thin be not first taken away they which go about by other means to hinder the fits and stop their course and the motion of Nature by which shee shakes off some of the Cause as most Empericks and unlearned Physitians do bring greater Diseases as Colick Jaundies
sweet Balsom Take distilled Oyl of Cloves and seeds or roots of Angelica five drops with white Wax and a little Mosch Anoynt Or with this Take juyce of Cardiaca and Balm each two drams dissolved Camphyre in Aqua vitae half a dram Saffron a scruple with Honey make a Liniment for the Pulses Not only Empericks but some learned men commend highly some poysons to be applied to the Heart to defend it from the Plague Mathiolus highly extols Oyl of Scorpions thus easily made Take two drams of right Oyl of Scorpions with Treacle a dram apply them to the Pulses with a clout Some add Rhubarb as the Oyl of Scorpions of Clemens Some commend this of Arsnic Take white and red Arsnic each equal parts make a Pouder add the white of an Egg or Mucilage of Traganth to make a hard Cake which must be carried about the Heart in a double Scarff Somtimes Arsnic is mixed with cordial Pouders thus Take fragments of precious stones coral Pearl and Hearts-horn each a dram Orris half an ounce Saffron a scruple white Arsnic an ounce Orpiment half an ounce make a Pouder for a Bag with a little Ambergreece Some do mix with good success two ounces of the Pouder of a Toad If the Liver be anoynted with Oyntments that cool and strengthen some think the body is safer from the plague Some hold it for a great secret to anoynt the Emunctuaries as the Arm-holes and Groins with Benzoin Storax Labdanum and Litharge Also to keep open old Ulcers is good in time of plague to preserve And an Issue in the Arm or Legg In the year 1564. a Monke at Leyden in time of the plague had a hole in his Cod with an Hellebore root kept open by which he preserved himself and perswaded others to use the same for safety Amulers are highly esteemed a Nut-shel filled with Quick-silver stopped and â—anged about the Neck This is commended by Marsilius Ficinus by many examples and by others some say it must touch the region of the Heart They think Saphires Smarradgs Hyacinths Unicorns horn and Ivory about the Neck do the same Also Five-leav'd grass and Dittany roots and Bettony with the roots held in the hand The Cure of a pestilential fever is divers according to the humor they suppose it comes from which they evacuate But we say it came from a pestiferous quality infecting the body and therefore aim at the opposing and altering that considering the age of the Person First we give a prognostick because all Plagues are dangerous and more die than live In which there is no hope and the Physitian labors in vain except in the space of twenty four hours Nature throws all or most part of the poyson from the Heart Spots are deadly when they appear because they are not critical Buboes and Carbuncles appearing give hopes of recovery Sudden loss of strength especially Swounding and outward cold are evil signs If a woman with child having the Plague miscarry as shee commonly doth shee dieth usually The Cure is by Nature and the Physitians help for many do recover Therefore we strike at the Disease keep up strength and correct symptomes We said the Disease was a venemous quality fixed in the Heart and so upon the whol body in the similar parts with a preternatural heat and fever Therefore we first labor to take away this quality from the Heart and the humors which increase the same And to alter the venemous force thereof and abate the heat Things that evacuate this poyson and put it from the heart and expel the humors that increase the fever must be used in this order and manner Blood-letting was the first and usual means And many perswaded themselves that much poyson was taken from the the heart thereby But it is a general rule that it must not be til ripe age And in women with Child not so much as in the Foot for fear of miscarrying for others I cannot perceive how bleeding can take the Venom from the heart or body when it is not conteined in the blood but it rather is a cause of drawing the Plague more inwardly the Veins being emptied Besides the motion of nature is hindered thereby which at first labors by Sweat and Pustles and swellings to expel it And the strength which should be kept to encounter with the Disease is lost Neither doth it bring so much good as hurt for taking away the cause or cooling the heat which is not very great in the Plague for the reasons aforesaid Therefore they are all to be blamed that observe not these circumstances but let blood rashly except in Children though Nature be laboring to sweat it forth or cast out Botches and though they see many die after bleeding they wil go on their road of bleeding presently and plentifully But we are to bleed only when the Plague is in a plethorick or cachectick body which causeth not a simple fever by plenty of blood but a putrid Synoch and then the heat and symptoms wil be abated And then it must be sparingly done to preserve strength and not at all except the repletion mentioned require it if there be weakness For we have often found by experience that more people in yeers have scaped that were not blooded than that were Some approve no bleeding but such as is til the Patient fainteth and brag of many that have been cured thereby We think it safer to omit it than rashly to use it and if it doth good it is more for the fever than the venemous quality which is not in the blood but comes to the heart from without and so cannot be expel'd by bleeding The time if it must be is at first within twenty four hours or not at all And if sweat appear as usualy it doth it must be defer'd til it be past and it must not be stop'd either by bleeding or nakedness which is required when the Vein is opened But when sweat is past and the Patient is refreshed with meat or medicine it may be done if need require or before sweat if it appear not nor must we stay to loosen the body first as at other times before bleeding for there is no dallying If pain be take blood from the side if not take the common Vein Open the Saphena or Vein in the Foot if there be a swelling in the groyn If it be above open the Arm or Hand-vein on that side If under the Arm-holes open the Basilick vein if under the Ears the Head vein if in the Face under the Tongue Some clap on Cupping-glasses to the Carbuncles before bleeding that the venom sent thither may stay there and be drawn inward by bleeding by which way we have known bleeding do much hurt And I have observed that Empericks have with very ill success raised blisters with Vesicatories upon the Botches at first appearance Some do draw the venom out at the orifice after bleeding apply Scordium or Jack of the hedg which is of
an Ulcer and the Thrush neglected In an Elephantiasis or Leprosie and in the French Pox though they use no Quick-silver and in the Scurvy by reason of their venemous quality as shal be shewed there are Ulcers in the Mouth and Jaws The Cure If Inflammation and preternatural heat of the parts of the mouth come from other Diseases The Cure of heat Inflammation of the Tongue Jaws Cheeks and Palate as Fevers they must be first cured as we shewed in Fevers by letting blood for the Fevers and Sweating and by cooling the Heart Liver and Reins restraining the corruption and preserving the strength But chiefly for the Tongue when much afflicted to prevent a Squinsie and Death by the Inflammation going to the Jaws open the Vein under the Tongue although you have let blood before for the Fever and use diversions by Cupping Scarifying Rubbing often and things that heat and keep down foul vapors and quench the great heat not only for the Fever but for the tongues sake Examples of which we shewed in Fevers In other Causes use diversions as in Fevers by bleeding and the like as when the Gums are inflamed in the Tooth-ach Lest the mouth be inflamed by the use of quicksilver before you apply it wash the mouth often with Milk fat Broath Butter or Oyl of sweet Almonds and anoynt the Tongue therewith If it be a simple heat wash the mouth with cold things and moisten it if it be dry and if you fear Inflammation Astringe and Repell adding Clensers by reason of the slime in the Mouth and somtimes Resisters of Venom and then use Digesters and Ripeners if it tend to an Imposthume We shewed in the hurt of Tasting what wil allay the heat and driness of the tongue When in the beginning of an Inflammation we will repel and cool together use these following Spring-water and Rain water astringe a little and Wine Vinegar or Rose Vinegar added to sharpen it Also waters of Violets Water-lillies Night-shade Purslane Lettice and these Astringents Rose water Plantane Privet Honey-suckle and Myrtle water chiefly water of Self-heal used with Vinegar or other waters for it cooleth not much of it self Thus Take water of Prunella or Self-heal four ounces Rose Plantane Straw-berry and Purslane water of each two ounces Rose Vinegar and Honey of Rose each an ounce with a little Allum or a drop or two of Spirit of Vitriol and then it will bind more Also sharp Juyces as of Mul-berries Bay-berries Grapes Cherries Oranges Limons Citrons and Sorrel with Vinegar or alone and the juyce of Lettice is counted best these may be chewed or the juyce taken often Or you may boyl the Fruits and wash the Mouth with the Decoction Or give the Juyces with Honey or alone Or the syrups made of them chiefly that of Mulberries may be mixed with Mouth water or licked In the French Pox syrup of Violets with the Decoction of Barley and Roses cureth the Inslammation The vulgar High-dutch use the distill'd water of that Liquor in which they pickle Cabbages called Sumpistbren or the liquor it self if it be shaken together To which you may add other juyces A cooling and repelling Decoction Take Violet leaves Lettice Plantane Prunella or Self-heal Willow Sorrel Vine Straw-berry each a handful red Roses Antirrhinum the great Mallows Barley each a pugil Gourd seeds two drams Bar-berries a dram soure Berries ten pair soure Prunes six boyl them in Water and sharp Wine add a little Sugar and Honey of Roses use ir so or with Juyces or Syrups Another more astringent Take Mouse-ear Privet Self-heal Plantane Brambles Myrtles each a handful red Roses Water-lilly Barley Vetches each a pugil Prunes or Cherries Cornil berries or Cervises or Quinces some few Bar-berries dryed an ounce boyl all in red Wine add Honey three ounces syrup of Pomegranats two ounces wash the Mouth therewith In the increase of the Inflammation add Digesters thus Take Liquorish an ounce Self-heal two handfuls Plantane a handful Hysop half a handful Mallow flowers red Roses each a pugil Sage and Rosemary flowers of each half a pugil Beans and Lentiles of each an ounce Fenugreek and Linseed each half an ounce Acron cups six drams Figs ten Raysons not stoned twenty pair boyl all in Water add a little Wine and two ounces of Honey syrup of dryed Roses an ounce syrup of Mul-berries half an ounce Or thus Take Self-heal two handsuls Ground-sil Cross-wort Honey-suckles Plantane Hysop Sage Maiden-hair each a handful red Roses a pugil Myrrh two drams a little Saffron and two ounces of Honey boyl them in Water add a little Allum Or thus Take Water of Self-heal six ounces Plantane Rose Sage and Hysop water each two ounces Honey of Roses and a little Allum I have done much in these Inflammations with deep Ulcers with Salt-peter prepared called Lapis prunellae dissolved in Sage water washing the Mouth warm therewith In Inflammations ready to ulcerate from the use of quick-silver some anoynt with Treacle Aqua vitae and Vinegar or distil a water of them and add Bole or other dryers by this they believe the Poyson of the quick-silver is taken away and they also wash with a Decoction of Lignum vitae When Inflammations tend to Maturation Take Marsh-mallow roots an ounce and an half Figs twelve Dates six Tamarinds and Cassia with the seeds ten Fenugreek and Lineseed each half an ounce Mallows and Chamomil flowers each a pugil boyl them in Goats Milk dissolve the white of an Egg and a little Honey and Safron If the Inflammation be not only in the Tongue but in other parts you may anoynt under the Chin at first with repelling Oyls as of Roses after with discussers as Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies If the Inflammation under the Tongue tend to suppuration make Cataplasmes of Marsh-mallow roots Linseed and other meats with Saffron these asswage pain and ripen or boyl them in Milk and wash the Mouth We shall shew the forms of these and such as open Impostums in the treatise of Inflammations of the Jaws If a quinfie be joyned with an Inflammation of the Tongue or follow it there are Medicines In solutions of continuity Pustles The Cure of Pustles Rawness clefts and â—â—â—ers of the Moâ—th and Tongue Rawness Clefts and Ulcers if they come from an internal cause that must first be evacuated If they come from other causes yet if the body be foul or Plethorick the Cure will be sooner done after purging If the cause be malignant that must be first taken away as in the French Pox Leprosie and Scorbute If that cannot be taken away the Ulcers that come from thence can never be cured these first done apply Topicks for Pustles Fissures Rawness and Ulcers In Pustles if there be an Inflammation the Medicines there are proper if they are without Inflammation they break of themselves and leave an Ulcer which must be cured as the Thrush If they continue long and are troublesome apply Leaven to ripen
be that kind of Plurisie which we called peculiarly the Pleurisie of the girding Membrane In which if there be great Inflammation there must be pain increased from the pressing the breast and it wil extend it self outwarly because the Inflammation cannot be conteined in the thin Membrane or Periostia but must reach to the muscles joyned thereunto and so may be felt outwardly because the Breast is not so thick as we have known in the Inflammation of the Peritonaeum And in this kind If the Inflamation suppurate the Imposthume wil rather be outwaad then inward and there open But if it break inwardly the matter gets into the cavity of the Breast rather then into the Lungs because it cannot be carried so quickly unto them and pierce through them But as these Arguments prove that this may be so so it is probable that if the girding Membrane be ininflamed together with the Lungs and from them that that Inflammation in the Membrane wil be discussed rather then suppurated because the great quantity of Blood in the Lungs at that time cannot easily be in so thin a Membrane or if it could be it would rather be carried outward as we shewed and fil those muscles and there come to suppuration And hence it is that after a true Pleurisie though the girding Membrane be also inflamed and nothing appear outward yet an Empyema seldome followeth And this is like to be also when the dividing or intercepting Membrane is inflamed with the Lungs in which as being a different disease especially when the Inflammation reacheth to the Capsula of the Heart and Diaphragma there are grevious symptomes that seize upon the mind and endanger the life These Inflammations both in a Peripneumony and true Pleurisie being in any part of the Lungs or elswhere come from Blood with which the Lungs abounding by reason of the many great vessels and being hotter by reason of the Arteries and the nearness of the Heart it is easily inflamed And the Inflammations of the Lungs are more usual then of any other part This Inflammation comes from Blood as others when it is got into the substance of the Lungs out of its vessels which are the Arterial Veins and Venal Arterie and not into the branches of the rough Arterie for otherwise there would be a spitting of Blood this Blood therefore fils the Lungs and lifts them up causeth Heaviness and Compression and streightness of the Breast and inflames the Heart more that before commonly had a Feaver And by the Cough which it causeth when it is sent into the branches of the rough Arterie it makes the Spittle sometimes mattery and after bloody at length this Blood being ripened and concocted or suppurated is coughed up til it be all spent The substance of the Lungs being unhurt for if they be ulcerated a Phthisis would follow As we have seen often Blood alone and other humors turnd into Matter the substance of the part not being suppurated or ulcerated both in the eyes and other parts and in other Excretions made from the Lungs by other means Also it may chance that from Inflammation of the Lungs the Blood may fall upon the near side upon the girding Membrane and inflame it but not usualy because the Vessels are smal and few and the vein to which the fault is laid called Azygos is only on the right side and the Pleurisie is often on the left As from the Inflammation of the Lungs in a true Pleurisie when the sides are attracted and the girding Membrane pulled aside there may be a pricking Hence it is that Pleurisies are more usual then the peripneumonyes because the inside only of the Lungs are not so often inflamed as it is in a peripneumony but the Inflammation reacheth outward to the side adjacent in which the pricking is greater when they ly upon the sound side and the Lungs hang down being Inflamed and with their weight draw the girding Membrane then there is more pain then when they ly on the sick side and the pain is greater if the Membrane be Inflamed Upon which if so much Blood fall from other causes and inflame it the Lungs being sound there wil be another Pleurisie differing from the true as we shewed in which there is no such Spittle All these accidents in the divers kinds of pleurisies are also in a peripneumony which sometimes begins of it self and sometimes followes a pleurisie when the Matter is gathered inwardly and because the Heart is then more inflamed they cause a more sharp Feaver by which the Blood being heated also in the superior parts of the Body there is a redness in the Face and Cheeks This is counted the peculiar signe of this disease and it may be more observed to be in Peripneumony then Pleurisie and because this disease is more usual in old people if their Cheeks be red it is looked upon as a strange thing According to the variety of the Blood these inflammations of the Lungs are divers for if it be pure such as is in the veinous Artery it wil be a simple Phlegmon in which Spittle is mixed with pure Blood If the Blood be too thin or hot as in the arterial Vein there wil be a phlegmon with Erysepelas in which the Feaver is greater as it is if the Blood cause an Inflammation which is mixed with pure Choler and then the Spittle is bloody and yellowish Because this is usual it caused some to write that Peripneumony comes from an Erysipelas of the Lungs Also if melancholy be mixed with the Blood causing the phlegmon there is blackness with the bloody Spittle And if Choller joyned with Blood be the cause of this Inflammation then there is a Pleurisie or tertian Feaver as I have often observed Oftentimes also without these Diseases there is a discolouring of the Spittle and it is not bloody but yellowish greenish blackish from cholerick humors when the Blood is any otherwayes impure and mixed with vitious humors it causeth an impure phlegmon But if a phlegmon comes from a crude and waterish Blood it wil be an OEdema with gentler accidents and the Spittle less discoloured as in the Peripneumony called therefore crude Also from this diversity of Blood If the Inflammation be in the girding Membrane the Symptomes wil be greater or less Because no phlegmon comes from any other humor seperated from the Blood we cannot make the Defluxion of Flegm or other humor upon the Lungs or the gathering of it there to be the cause of a true Pleurisie or Peripneumony as some doe and call it flegmatick for if these humors are in the lungs they wil cause other Diseases that hinder breathing as we shewed in defect of breathing and if they fall upon the Muscles of the breast or upon the girding Membrane they will cause a false Pleurisie as I shewed The cause of this flux of Blood that causeth a phlegmon is often a Synoch Feaver which from the Blood inflamed in the Veins sendeth a
they are a Symptom Their kinds are as they are diversly manifest to sense A Compressing or stretching pain called Periodyna A compressing or stretching pain of the Heart is that in which there is felt a pressing or stretching in the lodge of the Heart more or less with loss of Appetite almost and loathing sometimes and with belching and somtimes vomiting or purging This kind comes from some new Cause very often and either stayeth a while or comes after meat and ends with concoction Somtimes it is the Symptome of divers Diseases so that there is scarce a person but hath felt it in a Disease or at other times A knawing pain is called Heart-eating A knawing pain of the Heart called Cardiogmos in which there is felt a biting with pricking in the said region of the Heart with Compression or Burning somtimes This is in many Diseases and in sound men sometimes when fasting especially some called Picrocholi from sharp Choler have it when they want their Dinner and it is often with bitterness of mouth and hindrance of sight Some have it chiefly before Supper when they are given to writing and lean upon their Stomaches by which they loose Appetite They who fear this prevent it by sitting upright or standing when they write Some have it in the morning before they rise when they lye long waking and after they are up and have been at stool or broke wind it is gone In others it comes as soon as they are up and goes away with sneesing Also this Knawing with Compression is after meat when it is bad or too much Of which Bairus makes a private sort of Heart-ach when they are cold after meat with sense of this Compression and difficulty of breathing this is called a turning of the Meat into Flegm Of which Galen speaks This may be at all times Cordiaca Fainting and from other Causes as it is afore Vomiting and from outward Injuries and Cold or from things swallowed that hurt the Stomach And when any fainting comes with this Disease called Cordiaca as we shewed in Fainting That pain which hath such Heat that it seems to burn Heart-burning is in sound people often whether full or empty That is most usual in which when they would belch they feel great burning the flame as it were being shut up in the Gullet and not able to get out especially after meat or violent Exercise the Germans call it Boyling Boyling of the stomach or burning we call it a Burning boyling of the Stomach of which we spake in Difficulty of Belching Also this Burning is the Symptom of divers Diseases of the great pain of the Stomach where it is burning pricking stretching and beating and is increased by touching of the part and reacheth to the Back and girds the Body like a Girdle and seems to draw down the Shoulders and there is labour and pain to swallow and belch and difficulty of breathing being quick and little and there is sometimes a continual Feaver by which means the Pulse is quick and Urin high with Spitting of Blood or Matter This is called the Inflamation or Phlegmon of the Stomach from the Cause of it And the Imposthume of the Stomach though it is more properly so called when it is turned to an Imposthume Also a most burning pain with vomiting and other dangerous accidents may come from another Disease of the Stomach called Erysipelas as we shall shew in the Causes The usual pain in the lodge of the Heart is called Cardilaea Cardilaea distinct from Cardialgia this comes from a small Cause and returns often There are two kinds of it according to the diversity of the Nature in which they are known by this some are of weaker and others stronger Appetite Such Natures as have weak Appetites and other accidents from weakness of Concoction Weakness of the stomach is called a disturbance of the Heart are subject to usual pains of the Stomach compressing or stretching and sometimes knawing and are troubled from the least offending meat and other outward things especially cold from which they are forced alwaies to defend their stomaches These pains come from Weakness of Stomach and are there described and are called by the same name Those Natures that have stronge appetites A hot stomach is called a disturbance of the Heart and eat greedily and gorge themselves have pains of the stomach as shall be shewed in the Causes They are from great excess and also sharp or salt Meats these pains are called a hot distemper and are described in a hot Constitution The Causes The place or part affected is the region or lodge of the Heart not the Heart it self for it is not under it nor is it sensible as I shall shew but the Stomach which is in that region or some parts of the Colon or Midriff that reach thither The Cause of this is from the Stomach which is on the left side of this Region The cause of Heart-ach is in the stomach and is very sensible especially at the mouth of it which hath very remarkeable Nerves And this mouth of the Stomach is called Cardia because it is next under the Heart and there goeth through the Midriff and joyneth to the Ventricle and therefore the pains thereof are felt as if they were in the Heart and as it were communicated unto it and cause a Swounding if they be great as we shewed in Cardiaca All these pains in this region are called pains of the Heart or Cardialgiae And the pains of the Stomach are divers by reason of its exquisite Sense and often injuries by things taken in and brought to it and because it sticks out and is so exposed to more danger These pains are either primarily in the stomach of it self from some cause afflicting it as a Disease which is either a hot or cold distemper stretching heaviness twitching or irritation especially when there is a helping Cause that is a Disposition of the Stomach from a weak or hot Constitution Or they are by consent in the stomach from the nerves that are planted in it These pains I have seen but seldom but they were with much grief and mourning and somtimes a little doting and they alwayes ceased after vomiting they are chiefly in Semitertians Of these in their order A hot Distemper alone without matter doth scarce cause pain A hot distemper of the stomach is the cause of heart-ach because the stomach is delighted with hot things and when it is very hot from things taken in or hot Diseases as in Feavers Heat of the Liver and the like there is thirst rather then pain except another accident happen as we shall shew in the hot Constitution of the Stomach The Stomach is somtimes so inflamed Inflammation of the stomach is the cause of heart-burning that from the Veins abounding there Blood is sent into the substance thereof and then follows that burning pain which we call an
all these you may make divers Electuaries and add to them conserves and candyes and the like As when you will heat Take the Electuary of the three Peppers or the Lozenges thereof an ounce or a dram of the species conserve of Mints Marjoram each an ounce candyed Ginger half an ounce with syrup of Staechas make a mixture When you will strengthen Take the Electuary of Aromaticum rosatum or Diagalanga or both or the Tablets made of them an ounce or the species of them or our pouders a dram conserve of old Roses Citron peels candyed Calamus candyed each half an ounce with syrup of Quinces make an Electuary When you will chiefly expel wind Take the Electuary Dianisum or Diacuminum or Tables or Species or our Pouders of the same in the weight mentioned and add conserve of Roses Calamints candyed Nutmegs of each half an ounce with syrup of Mints In loose and moist Stomachs give dryers and binders As Take Quinces candyed an ounce and an half citron peels candyed an ounce candyed Ginger half an ounce one Emblick Myrobalan of Diacydonites without the species made of burnt Ivory and astringents half an ounce Aromaticum rosatum red Coral each a dram Ashes of Hens guts Antispodium of Quinces and Ivory or shavings of Ivory each half a dram with syrup of Quinces make an Electuary take after meat as much as a Nut. There are also dry mixtures As Take candyed Quinces half an ounce conserve of Roses three drams conserve of Marjoram Ginger candyed each two drams Aromaticum rosatum a dram Cinnamon two drams Cloves Nutmeg each a dram with Sugar of Roses make a mixture give it in the mornings or add Coriander Annis or Fennel seed Comfits After meat to astringe the stomach we use these mixtures without the hot Spices thus Take candyed Quinces three drams conserve of Roses and Citron peels candyed each two drams Cinnamon a dram and an half the pouder of Diacydonium without species a dram red Coral half a dram Coriander seeds two drams Annis and Fennel seed of each a dram red Roses and Marjoram each half a dram with Sugar or Seed Comfits make a mixture Some Opiats take away pain of the Stomach from a cold cause for Opium doth not cool as some think but rather heat by reason of many ingredients with the Opium in Opiats as we shewed often Therefore in pain of the stomach give Treacle Mithridate Asyncriton or Philonium from a dram to a dram and an half alone or with other things and give Wine upon it to help the operation or other Narcoticks with Spices Or this Treacle with Citrons Take candyed citron peels half a pound old Treacle or Mithridate each six drams Smaragds prepared half a scruple Electuary of Gems two scruples sealed Earth a dram with syrup of citrons make an Electuary Some mix purgers with them as Philonium with Diaphaenicon when the stomach is pained from the Excrements Outwardly we anoynt or foment or Plaister the stomach to heat it and expel wind when it is stretched Remedies to be applied to alter the weakness of the stomach or to astringe when it is weak or loose they must be proper and applied actuually hot You must anoynt on the left side where the lodg of the heart is before but behind right against stomach upon the spondils of the Back towards the left side and spinkle the Pouder following thereon When you will heat use Oyl of Mints Spike Jesamin Elder or that of Nutmegs by expression or of Mace which are pleasant or the distiled Oyl of Spike Mints Cloves and the like when you will expel wind use Oyl of Rue and Bayberries or the distil'd Oyl of Juniper berries in a smal quantity with the rest or that of Fennel Caraway Cummin seed by drops with other when you will strengthen use Oyl of Mastich of Wormwood when you will astringe use Oyl of Mastich Myrtles Roses Quinces and that made of pressed Grape seeds When pain is to be abated use Oyl of Chamomil Spike or Dill which is good after pain from glutony Or use Oyl of Herbs boyled To hear expel wind and strengthen Take Mastick six drams Calamus Galangal cypress each half an ounce Nutmegs cloves each three drams Fennel and Angelica seeds of each two drams with two ounce of Sack and Oyl put them in a hot place or boyl them a little VVhen you will strengthen more Take Wormwood Mints each two drams Sage Rosemary Lavender of each an ounce and an half red Roses three drams cut them small add Mastick an ounce red wine four ounces Oyl of Nuts three fingers above them boyl and strain them This is best against wind Take cummin caraway Lovage Fennel seed each two drams Bay and Juniper berries each half an ounce Rue Lovage Mints Baies each three drams beat them and add Aqua vitae two ounces and with Oyl Olive or of Nuts boyl as aforesaid Of the oyls mentioned you may make stomach Oyntments with spices or the like when you will chiefly heat Take Oyl of Mints Spike of each an ounce and an half Oyl of Wormwood half an ounce Oyl of Spike some drops of cloves Nutmegs or Mace each a dram of wood Aloes and Sanders half a dram dryed Mints Marjoram Rosemary or Schaenanth each two scruples with Wax make an Oyntment The same is good against wind with Oyl of Rue or Bayes half an ounce or some drops of distil'd Oyls as that of juniper berries This is good in both cases Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression of Mace or both two drams Oyl of Cloves three drops of Anise-seeds six drops Gallia moschata half a dram with Wax make an Oyntment we may add Musk or Ambergrease or Oyl of Cinnamon or Hiera picra To dry and astringe a moist and dry Stomach Take Oyl of Myrtles Mastick Quinces each an ounce and half Oyl of Wormwood half an ounce Galangal Snakeweed Citron-peels each a dram Roses wild Vine Pomegranate-flowers each two scruples Hypocistis Labdanum each half a dram Mastick Frankincense coral each a dram and Bole and a little with wax make an Oyntment adding Allum and Vinegar If there be pain Take Oyntment of Marsh-mallows an ounce Mastick two drams Oyl of Dill or Chamomil each half an ounce Seeds and Mints each a dram with wax make an Oyntment Cerots or Plaisters made like a Scutchion are lasting they are made of the Oyntments mentioned with more Wax for a Cerot and Rosin for a Plaister Galens Cerot for the Stomach is good made of Roses Wormwood Spike Mastich Oyl of Roses and Wax Or this instead of it Take long Birthwort Calamus each half an ounce mints wormwood red Roses each three drams Spike two drams mastick six drams with Oyl of Spike and mastick and wax make a Cerot Or this Stomach-plaister Take mastick an ounce and half Frankincense and Labdanum each an ounce Storax half an ounce Aloes two drams except there be pain Coral two drams Galangal mints marjoram wormwood red Roses
that are joyned to it causeth stretching or tearing pain in the Hypochondria when the Peritonaeum or Cawle is stretched are caused from the affliction of the Bowels as Liver or Spleen which are joyned to the Cawle or from the Vessels of the womb which grow to the Back and by the Cawle Hence it is that pains of the Womb reach thither or from the stretching of the Peritonaeum in a Tympany or in Women with Child there is a little pricking or by continuance a great pain as in the Hernia or Rupture The Causes of all these shall be laid down in other great accidents which befal The Stomach being on the left side under the Hypochondrion A Disease in the stomach causeth a Hypochondriack pain is pained about the lodge of the Heart before with a pain called Cardialgia on the left side especially in the Hypochondriack Melancholy when there is rumbling and burning As is shewed in Melancholy The pain of the Colon which is placed under the Stomach The Colick causeth the Hypochondriack pain from one side to the other is also in the Hypochondrion but stayes not but runs about the Belly As shall be shewed in the Colick The Cure We shall mention only here the Cure of those Diseases with pain in the Hypochondria The cure of heavy dul or stretching pain from the Liver Spleen Reins or Cawle For the Cure of the Diseases of the Liver Spleen Reins Cawle which we mention here only for the pain sake because the pain in them is dul shal be shewed in other Symptoms as Cachexy Jaundies Dropsie and the like by which they are more manifest then by the pain The cure of pains from the stomach Colon or Womb. Also if there be pain in the Hypochondria from the Stomach Womb or Colon reaching thither because the pains of the stomach are more in the region of the Heart and of the Colon and Womb more in the lower Belly where they lye we have shewed the Cure of that in Pains of the Heart and of those Pains in the Belly And here we shall only declare the Cure of the Pain where it chiefly shews it self in respect of its cause as it comes from the Inflammation of the Liver Spleen or Kidneys called Hepatitis Splenitis or Nephritis Or from the Peritonaeum or Cawle vulgarly called Spleneticus The Inflammations and Erysipelas of the Liver and Spleen The cure of the Inflammation of the Liver Spleen and Kidneys are dangerous and often deadly and if they imposthume and leave an Ulcer or be ill cured and a Hardness or Scirrhus follow they cause a Dropsie and incurable Diseases The Inflammations of the Kidneys are more easily cured they are worst when the Stone is there also If they leave an Ulcer it is also very stubborn as shall be shewed The Method in the cure of all these Inflammations is the same as in others that is while they are coming to divert the Blood another way from the part or by repelling and deriving it and to allay the Heat and Burning and to discuss the remainder or if that may not be to ripen it And if there be Hardness Scirrhus or Imposthume and after that is broken an Ulcer which may be both in Liver Spleen and Kidneys we shall shew what is then to be done in other Symptomes that come from thence Against Inflammation use the following Remedies Blood-letting diverts the Blood while it is flowing to the part another way especially in the Inflammation of the Liver or Kidneys which have great Branches from the hollow Vein And in the Phlegmon of the Spleen also it must not be neglected though it hath Veins only from the Gate Vein for reasons shewed in Inflammation of the Stomach Therefore in the Inflammation of all the the three parts except any thing prohibit open suddenly that Vein which most appeareth on the same side and bleed plentifully for Revulsion and if there be great Plethory or Fullness open the same Vein again or that in the Hand on the same side either against the Thumb or little or middle Finger according to Rhasis And in the Inflammation of the Kidneyes open the Vein in the Foot The Haemorrhoids being Branches of the Gate Vein if they be opened derive much from the Inflammation of the Spleen and revell from other Inflammations Cupping Glasses to the Hipps and Buttocks or that side do revell and derive in the Inflammation of the Reins The Ancients did use them the day after bleeding to the right Hypochondrion when the Liver was Inflamed after scarification and applyed them the next day again to the same place others used them only at the Declination to take away the residue without Scarification Also Ligatures and Frictions of the extream parts are good at the first as in other Inflammations to revell And Clysters before Bleeding and when the Body is bound as it useth to be in these Inflammations or Suppositories are good And Clysters because they reach into the Colon and come near to the part and cool are best at the first and are as altering Topicks such as are prescribed in Fevers A loosning Clyster that a little provoketh Take Mallows Roots and all Beets and for the Kidneys Pellitory of the wall each an handfull Violets Bran each a pugil Lineseed an ounce Anniseed a dram boyl and strain them dissolve Honey Butter and Oyl each an ounce and half Pulpe of sweet Prunes or Cassia an ounce with a little Salt make a Clyster A cooling Clyster Take the emollient Herbs and Roots Purslane Gourd leaves each an handful Violets Mallows and Chamomile flowers each a pugil Linseed six drams four great cold seeds an ounce Barley a pugil boyl and dissolve Honey of Violets halfe an ounce Cassia an ounce Oyl of Violets and Water-Lillies each an ounce and half If they cannot take Clysters give a Laxative take heed of Purgers for fear of more Flux and Inflammation Cassia therefore is not very safe But we give things that loosen without heat and pricking as Prunes and other loosning fruits and Spinach Mallows Violets boyled in Broaths Whey syrup of Violets and Roses and the like In the declination or after the fourth day when heat abates to take away the reliques when the Liver or Spleen are afflicted we give a gentle Purge because they can discharge themselves by the Meseraicks into the Guts And the rather when the Disease is in the hollow part of the Liver into which the Gate-vein branches it self and if Choler boyling in the Gall or sent out causeth an Erysipelas In these cases we may give Cassia or some gentle Purger Or this Decoction which cleanseth and openeth Take Liquorish two ounces Grass and Kneeholm roots each an ounce red Pease a pugil Senna an ounce Polypody an ounce and half Cordial-flowers a pugil Anise-seed three drams Fennel seed and Dodder each a dram boyl them strain and add syrup of Roses an ounce and half syrup of the two Roots an
I saw in the year 1530. There is another Anthrax or Carbuncle pestilential The pestilential Anthrax as we shewed in pestilential Feavers with one or more Pustles like Phlyctaenae or Clavus red round about afterwards blew green or black ending in a black Crust and a lump like flesh like the former The pain is not in this so great as in the former at first there is itching and a little burning and after corruption the skin and flesh mortifie as I have often observed and there is no feeling and at length it falls from the sound flesh and leaves a hollow Ulcer There is somtimes a Bubo with it near to the part as we shewed in pestilential Feavers where we shewed also that a Pustle came at the beginning of the Carbuncle without a Feaver from the Contagion and presently vanisheth The Diseases with Ulceration by which with Hippocrates Vlcers in the Superficies of the Body we understand all Solution of Continuity are so in the Superficies dividing and hurting the skin as a Cleft Excoriation or Burning others are deep in the flesh as a Wound or Ulcers Of which in order A Cleft or Fissure or Chinke in the skin is more or less gaping Clefts and Fisures called Rhagae according to the deepness thereof They are chiefly in the Palms of the Hands and Fingers and Soles of the Feet And if they be in the thick skin the Lips are hard and swollen they are also in the Mouth Fundament and Womens Privities and Nipples and in the Praepuce and Eye-brows and in the Tongue As we shewed in the inward Diseases of thâ— Mouth There is another kind of Chapps or Clefts which are high Pernio or Chimetlon by reason of the thick skin with hard Lips and end in perverse Ulcers it is called Pernio or Chimetlon it comes from great Cold in the thick skin of the Soles of the Feet especially in the Heel somtimes in the Palms of the Hands and Nostrils and Ears as shall be shewed in the Causes Excoriation Abrasion or Attrition is called Intertrigo Excoriation or Intertrigo when the supreficial part of the skin is separated from the quick with pain when it is touched It differs from a Wound because that is deeper it is from divers internal and external Causes especially from Riding when men are galled or from long keeping in bed and in Children from piss and the mattery Pustles in the Privities are Excoriations which itch so grievously When the scarfe skin only comes off and the true skin is not bare it causeth no pain but falls off like Bran and is called Furfur or Scales as in the Palm of the Hand Ustion or Burning is when the scarfe skin or skin Burning or flesh also is hurt by actual or potential Heat And it differs chiefly in that some is more superficial others deeper raising a Blyster and then there is pain or burning the true skin and making a Crust or Eschar after which is an Ulcer Or the skin and flesh also are burned and consumed And then the pain is greater with Inflammation somtimes and Suppuration leaving a great Ulcer A Wound is the Solution of continuity in the Body Wounds in the Superficies of the Body from an outward Cause it is simple or Compound A simple Wound not accompanyed or changed into another Plaga or Cut. is by a Cut it is greater or less even or uneven Puncture or deeper A wound by a stab is a Puncture or prick it is with a great or little Orifice Gun-shot Gun-shot is of a sudden with great or small Orifice deep dividing unequal bruising and breaking the parts and somtimes taking off All these may be in divers parts and wound the Skin Flesh Membranes Nerves Vessels and Bones making lame and reaching inward to the Brain Lungs Heart Stomach Guts Bladder Liver Spleen c. and cause divers Accidents following In all three kinds of Wounds there is bleeing first large if it be great or where the Veins are large or in the Arteâ—ies but little when small or in the little Vessels or a narrow prick through which somtimes little or no Blood can come And when the Puncture is large it may also come to pass that no blood may come forth because it all falls inward When bleeding is stopt there is Sanies or Blood and Matter and then it grows foul after like an Ulcer into which it turns as we shall shew Somtimes other Matter comes forth of a Wound as Meat and Drink when the stomach is hurt and Excrements when the Guts are wounded or Urin when the Bladder is wounded or some part of the Body comes forth as the Brain Lungs Liver Spleen Guts There is pain in all more or less and the greater as the part is more sensible The part somtimes swells without Inflammation or withers or is otherwise deformed or lame And the Functions are hurt as when there are Convulsions Resolutions Cramps and Contractions from Wounds and when the inward parts are hurt they are worse A Contusion is from a stroak or fall not only with a Tumor A comused Wound but without and with pain only as we shewed in Tumors and is with a wound in which the skin and subject parts are more or less unequal bruised and cut with little or no bleeding and a tumor round about and colour'd as a Contusion with a Tumor only and it is more easily suppurated and turned to an Ulcer There are also Wounds partly bruised partly cut and pricked these are when the edge is blunt or from a bite when the wounds are many and deep according to the length of the Teeth and the flesh bruised by the broad Teeth These are easily inflamed and turn to perverse Ulcers There are also uneven wounds with Saws and Instruments Uneven Cuts which cause perverse and somtimes incurable Ulcers There are also Compound wounds as when there is an Inflammation with a wound A Wound with a Phlegmon then it is called a Wound with a Phlegmon This is oftnest from a Puncture or Gun-shot And there is then a Tumor with an Ulcer and new pain and it may gangraene When a Wound grows foul with matter or humors A Wound vlcerating it changeth its Nature and is an Ulcer And the Ulcer is Compound when the wound is is with a broken bone A Wound with a Fracture or bone-hurt Others are venemous from a poysoned Sword or Bullet Poysoned wounds or from biting of Beasts as a mad Dog or Serpents and then there are great accidents and dangerous Also men fasting especially if they be cholerick or come from fury are venemous if they bite To these may be referred the stinging of Bees Wasps and Spiders Stinging in which though there is no wound yet there is pain redness and swelling especially if the Breast be venemous as the Phanlangius Scorpion An Ulcer is the foul solution of continuity Ulcers in the
blood through the Body for the same purpose if this abound in the blood or if the greatest part of the Blood be such because not perfectly made red and yet not so corrupted but it is fit to nourish the Body then this being joyned to the substance of the Body for to nourish it still it makes the flesh and skin of the same colour pale and white and the colour is as far from the true Complexion as the blood is being so or when mixed with evil Juyce or water from evil Concoction In Women especially Virgins when that thick Blood flows not so plentifully to the Veins of the womb nor Nature which allots the purest blood for nourishing of the Child and for monethly Evacuation doth not continue her course to carry it thither and send out the crude and evil Blood there will be an evil Habit and want of Terms as we shewed the defect or want of the Terms not being the cause of that evil Habit but the evil Habit the cause of the want of Termes But if with the evil Habit Cachexy and Cacochymy there be also evil Humors about the Spleen which are carried from hence to the meseraick Arteries there will also be as I shewed a Palpitation of the Heart and other Symptomes by reason of the Cacochyma and Diseases of other parts But if this Juyce be crude and plentiful and long before it nourish the Body so that it swell therewith the cachexy is turned into a Leucophlegmacy or white Flegm and if there be much water the Leucophlegmacy will be serous or if the water abound in a Cachexy there wil be tumor of the Feet and of the Belly and Body growing less and the Dropsie called Ascites wil follow the cachexy or evil Habit. Or if this Juyce which ought to nourish the body be so bad that it will not nourish or be very little in Quantity there will be a decay of the Body and the Cachexy will be turned into an Atrophy As we shall see in the Dropsie Ascites and Atrophy how they follow a cachexy This crudity of Blood if there be serosity or waterishness or cacochymy or suspicion of a Dropsie comes often from the Nourishment if such things be taken which produce crude Juyce or Water as we said in the Imbecillity of the Stomach as Summer fruicts that will not last which if they be taken immoderately by young People make them subject to a Cachexy especially by Virgins being weak and using Exercise This crude Blood which causeth a Cachexy and evill Juyce which causeth a cacochymy or water which causeth a Dropsie comes from the Distemper of those parts which are ordained for Sanguification or making of Blood and Chyle as from the Stomach Liver Spleen and the Vessels and Membranes thereto annexed And if the concoction be made imperfect by the Distemper Weakness or other fault of the Stomach the Chylus be crude and imperfect or foule and watery which after in the second concoction produceth the like Blood because it cannot be sufficiently boiled and the rather if the parts ordained for the second concoction are also infirme We have shewed treating of the pain of the Heart what kind of Diseases are from the Stomach and cause pain Blood that is crude unconcocted foule and watery is made by the Infirmities of the Liver Spleen and Veins because these parts are ordained for the Generation of blood The Liver is the Instrument of Sanguification And that Sanguification may be hindered by the Diseases of the Spleen many former Arguments being omitted by which we shewed that the Spleen also is the Instrument of sanguifying and that it may be hindered by the Distemper of the spleen we can prove because as appears by Anatomies when the Liver is sound and the Spleen rotten there have appeared those faults of Sanguification which have been mentioned and have caused a Dropsie so that we need not make the consent between the Liver and the Spleen to be the cause Moreover from the Distemper of the Veins seeing they help to make Blood whether principally as some think or make it better after it hath been wrought by the Liver which all confess the Blood is less concocted and more crude And this cheifly caused by the Distemper of the meseraik Veins that come from the Liver and Spleen because the first change of the Chyle and preparation of it for Blood is by them for they snatch it and retain it first the Diseases which befal the Liver Spleen or Veins by which the sanguification being diminished the blood becomes crude and thence comes the Cachexy either alone with Cacochymy or Weakness Distemper Obstruction Hardness or the like Weakness of the Liver Spleen and Veins which by consent with the Bowels unto which they are joyned suffer with them is properly that which comes from want of Natural heat if it hinder the Functions so that the blood be not sufficiently wrought and therefore too crude Thus it is the cause of a Cachexy in which the Native colour of the body is lost and it grows bigger there is a shortness of breathing by reason of the Distemper of those parts and a pressing pain of the belly the Urin by reason of crudity is waterish especially if through the plenty of Water they cannot be tinctured with Choller if this Weakness last long it turns the cachexy into a Leucophlegmacy by aboundance of crudity which if it come from other causes also will make a Leucophlegmacy serous or watery Also if from the weakness of the attractive faculty of the Liver there be aboundance of Water not sufficiently attracted by the meseraik Veins the Dropsie Ascites as we shewed in the Treatise of the Dropsie will follow but if their weakness be such that the Blood be not only crude but not enough to nourish the Body it will produce a cachexy in which the Body is rather less then bigger or if by this weakness the sanguification is lost an Atrophy will follow A cachexy is known to come from this weakness if there be no other accidents or Diseases in the Bowels it appears by the evil colour of the whole Body that they are weakned and the Patients so affected are called Hepatick or Splenetick This weakness comes from this dispersing of the Natural heat which is from inward Causes from Birth or through Age or from external causes and remaineth after divers Distempers of the Bowels or other long and acute diseases Among which are Feavers after which the Bowels being weakned by too much heat or cold Drink which is usual there follows a Cachexy which by continuance caused the Feet Belly or whol body to swell Moreover great loss of blood especially of the Menstrual causeth a cachexy not only by the loss of Spirits but because the Veins want refreshment by their emptiness and want of heat with which they were nourished not onely by reason of that crude Juyce which is then produced but because the Body being exhausted looseth
its flourishing colour And if the loss of blood were great the body would rather grow less then swell Also other Evacuations by which the Spirits are consumed do the same among which too much Venery in Man especially The Distemper of the parts and Vessels ordained for sanguification may produce a Cachexy either simple or mixed with Leucophlegmacy or the Dropsie Ascites by causing the weakness which we mentioned to continue and by hindering the Actions of the parts The first is a cold Distemper which chiefly hinders the Functions and proceeds by over much and long use of cold things from external cold to which the Body hath been exposed from which the constitution is known to be such and in regard there is no Thrist and the body appears colder with all signes of a cold cause But although the hot Distemper of these parts especially of the Liver doth not at the first nor by long continuance produce this cachexy or evil Habit Paleness or swarthy colour but it appears rather in a fresh colour as we see in the faces of Drunkards and brings no great hurt as yet but only a constant Thirst by which this hot and dry Distemper of the Bowels is discerned yet in continuance of time in some sooner some later by weakning the bowels and making them unfit for action the Sanguisication being so hindered the body is thereby discoloured and of evil Habit which is a cachexy And this is turned into a Dropsie which appears first by swelling of the Feat and shortness of Breath after by other signs because by continual heat the bowels grow hard dry and cloven as we shewed in the Dropsie Ascites whose causes are chiefly constant use of hot Wines and Meats or hot Diseases The stoppage of the Liver especially of the porta and hollow Veins may be the cause of a Cachexy or cacochymy because it gives occasion to the production of evil and cholerick Humors especially which we declared in the causes of Feavers to be mixed with the blood in the meseraick Veins by reason the exact separation of them from the blood by the second concoction is hindered if impure blood be sent into the body there is rather a foul then a white colour and it is brown swart green or yellow yet not so yellow as when the Pores that conveigh the choler are obstructed and the choler is not separated from the blood as we shall shew in the causes of the Jaundies by which means the Urine in that is not so watery as in a cachexy but it is somewhat high coloured But if this chollerick filthiness retained by the same Obstruction and sent back into the Meseraiks be not much dispersed through the body there is rather a strange Paleness then a colour in the cachexy also the Urine is more crude and waterish and by reason of the plenty of choler in the Meseraiks there is a loosness rather than binding of the Belly and the Excrements will seem rather chollerick then white contrary to the Jaundies And if from the Obstruction mentioned there follow a weakness of the Liver as it may be from thence or other causes then because the working of the Blood is less there wil be a cachexy of crude blood in which crude Juyce nourishing the Body makes it swell But if the Obstruction be so great that by reason thereof the distribution of the blood whether crude or concocted cannot be made into the hollow Vein or such foul blood is produced that it cannot sufficiently nourish the Body it will decrease as we shall shew how an Atrophy comes either when the distribution of Blood is hindered by a great Obstruction or when the blood is unfit for to nourish The cause of this Obstruction in the Liver is either thick or vicid Chyle made of the like the food when it is fastned to the passages and grows more condensed and stops the parts or as some say crude chyle by reason of heat raised through violent motion or baths used after Meat which gets too soon into the Veins and is there retained til it stop them And this may come also from dryed and burnt Blood as we have observed by looking into the Liver of beasts which hath produced such Obstructions by being hindered and burnt into the ashes in the Vessels The same Observations in Man and Beast have taught us that Obstructions of the Liver may come from a serous or watery Humor For we have found in them that formerly by urine have voided Gravel the same red Gravel to be in the Vessels of the Liver sometimes turned to a brittle stone which being dispersed through the Vessels are like white Coral or Ice-sickles And these came from the Earthiness of the Serum which fixeth it self in the small passages as we have shewed in the Treatise of the Stone in the Kidneys It is generally concluded that these Obstructions come chiefly from Flegm which if it be not bred as other Excrements in the Liver of crude chyle and blood and there laid up it comes from the Stomach and Gutts where it is usually abounding being brought thither by the meseraik Veins with the chylus and there continuing it causeth these Obstructions and the sooner if it be slimy or thin and waterish which will more easily get into the Mouths of the Meseraiks if by long continuance in the Veins it grows thick by the heat of the Liver and so become viscous or slimy Also an a Obstruction in the Spleen may cause a Cachexy and such â—s is cacochymical which declares it self by a filthy colour in which if the evil Juyce get into the Arteries there will be beating of Heart and Arteries and the reason is because when the Spleen is stopt Sanguification is hindered and evil Humors are heaped up in the branches of the Spleen and gate Vein which may from the left side thereof go to the right and so into the Liver and then be distributed with the Blood A crude or cacochymical Cachexy as from other Obstructions so it may rise from the Hardness of these parts or Scirrhus which grows in the substance thereof or other hard Tumor which turns to an Imposthume for then the passages are either partly or totally stopped And this turnes to the Dropsie Ascites if from the Distemper or Hardness the parts be not only stopped but left open And because it is usual so we shall shew the causes of the dropsie Ascites more at large hereafter And in an Atrophy how it cometh as also those hard Tumors of the Liver and Spleen what are the causes of them and in what manner they are how they come either from too much drowth of the Bowels or too thick Juyce which nourisheth them They write that besides these Tumors the spleen may swell from wind but I perceive not how wind can be there to blow it up when it is not hollow It may be when the wind is gathered into the left side and stretcheth either the stomach which is
come from the swelling blew Veins of the breasts also the increase of the Nipple the itching of the same and when the circle about it is more black When the Child begins to move which is in the middle time of Child-bearing somtimes sooner sometimes later it declares its selfe and the Mother This Motion is not with a Noise or pain of the Belly but by stricking one side of the belly and as it were thrusting it which the Mother perceiveth There is a Loathing of some Meates sooner or later in them that have conceived some abhor wine some vomite contrary to custome others desire much those Meats which they formerly loathed albeit they are not somtimes Meates but other abhominable things this Disease is called Pica as we said in the depraved Appetite There are also some peculiar accidents to Women with child as fainting or weakness when they are constrained to sit long in a place as at Banquets Churches so that they find a straightness of Heart and presently arise and take Air and they must open their breasts that they may breath freely In others that are Plethorick or evil habited there are other accidents as Swelling of Legs crooked Veins in the Legs and the like As for the Judgement of the Urine it is uncertain and deceitful yet the vulgar attribute so much unto it that they suppose a Physitian can tell certainly by only looking thereupon and if they confess there is nothing certain therein he is taken for a Fool and if he pronounce any Judgement he is easily mistaken and exposed to derision as it is with many to whom false Urins or Urins of Cattel Physitians ought to be wise and circumspect in this least they be branded for ignorance Therefore when they cast the water let them ask many things of the divers signs of conception to get from the party and determine nothing rashly but answer circumspectly and dubiously First if he sees a Urin like that of a sound Body and from thence know that the courses are stopped which they will easily confess he may gather that it comes not from Diseases in which commonly the Urin is crude or otherwise changed but rather from Conception and so by some Judgement in regard of the Urin declaring soundness of Body rather then from other signs he shall perceive the woman to be with Child and then he was more freely pronounce somthing for finding out of other signs As to other signs of conception in Urins as the things contained things flying therein like Locks of Wool or rather as I have observed somtimes in women newly married after conception that they have made Urin like Pus or Matter for some dayes without having any hurt in the Reins or Bladder since these are altogether uncertain of these alone there can be no solid Judgement but by all put together there may There is also a stoppage and dropping of Urin in some women when they are first married which is a sign of conception also pains about the Navel or a little beneath presently after Copulation and somtimes a good while after are certain signs of Conception As for Experiments by which you may know whether a Woman be with Child or no they are divers the most usual are these Hippocrates saith that if Meade be given a woman with Aqua caelestis when she goes to sleep and it cause pain she is with Child Make a Pessary of Garlick and put it into the Body of the woman and if she smell it or smell of it she is with Child But in my Judgement it might be proved by this Argument that she is not with Child because in Women with child the Womb is closed so that the Vapor of the Garlick cannot so well ascend that waies but in women not with Child the womb is open and therefore they may more easily receive the Sent thorough that part Moreover if the Urin be lik Bean broth mingled with white Wine they say she is with child Not only common people but many excellent Physitians suppose they can tell whether a woman be with Child of a Boy or a Girle but since I perceived these to be uncertain and erroneous I willingly omit them least I should seem to be a Patron of Errors If from a false Conception The Swelling of the Belly from a Mole not a Child but a Mole in the womb causeth an ill favoured Tumor as we shewed it will have many signs and accidents like unto a true conception therefore it is hard especially at the first to know this preternatural conception and to distinguish it from a Natural First a woman of a good Complexion fit for conception that lives with her Husband may be subject to this though seldom And there is a great Suspicion of a Mole if a woman hath formerly had the same and greater if often before as we have observed some who have had them every year some every month and in the mean time have not been ill but fresh and lusty Otherwise as in true conception so in this the Terms stop and the Breasts and Belly increase by degrees afterwards if the Mole stayeth the belly continues in the same state and increaseth no more as in a true conception or if it increase there is not felt the motion which is when women are with Child neither is it straight but loose and burdensom so that when the woman turneth upon her fide it rowleth that way From these they presume or suspect that there is a false conception As for other accidents the Appetite is diminished and depraved as in a true conception and other accidents are alike and in regard this is preternatural they are more and worse as the extenuation of the whole Body besides the belly and the discolouring of the same pricking of the belly and long want of Apperite by which we cannot pronounce certainties nor by the inspection of Urine to which the vulgar ascribe much in this case and Physitians to seem more skilfull do connive thereat Therefore it is very difficult to know a true from a false conception untill either by Abortion as is usual sometimes in a few moneths or by bringing forth it be discovered And a woman is past her time being certain by the aforesaid signs of Conception if she brings not forth nor have endeavours nor throws nor other signs that shew she hath a dead child unless this be when there is no conception as shall be shewed it is certain that she hath not a child but a Mole such I have known to be kept a long time the belly being swollen the Courses stopt and other accidents add many moneths or years after they have cast them forth with Danger of life and large effusion of blood or kept them till Death Somtimes the belly swells without conception The Swelling of the Belly in women as if they were with child as in women with Child so that they and others that have born Children think the same
Womb and being more then will nourish the Child hence it is that they have these crooked Veins in their Legs because their blood being stopped is carried thither that is into the Legs which Veins consent with the womb as appears by letting Blood in the Foot to provoke the Terms and after they are delivered the blood being purged by the Womb as is usual these veins fall down except they be too much dilated Also blood sent by the Veins into the extream parts by reason of its evil Juyce produceth Varices or crooked Veins and somtimes ulcers let the Blood be what it wil it produceth Varices by its violent motion therefore they are chiefly in the Feet by reason of much Exercise But hard travail and long and great throws in Child-bed are the chief cause of Blood flowing into the Feet which produceth these Swellings of the Veins Also immoderate Venery because it forceth Blood violently into the Spermatick Vessels which hath been somtimes known to come forth instead of Seed and dilateth them may be the cause of the Swelling called Cirsocele which is of the Veins in the Codds And those Swellings come the more when the part is weakned and fit by its loosness to receive a Defluxion and when the part hath more and larger Veins then others or when it is dependant and lowest as was said There is another tumor rising from Blood gathered about the womb in the Veins thereof Blood in the veins of the Womb causeth the belly to swell as if the woman were with Child and stretching them out which causeth that Swelling in women which we shewed made them look as if with Child before Conception And this comes from Blood because the Courses have long stopped and it will not be dissolved but by a Flux of Blood And it appears that this blood doth not cause this tumor by getting into the Cavity of the Womb and by filling it till it stretch because the womb is fleshy and Nervous cannot be enlarged by any Humor as a Membrane and it cannot be enlarged but by the growth of a Child or Mole as we have shewed And if it were filled with blood it could not be kept there long and would be corrupt and putrified which it doth not because alwaies it comes afterwards forth thin and though some Clodds come therewith it shews that they grew so by stoppage at the first and caused this Swelling Now from hence we conclude that this Swelling of the Womb came Because blood being a long time retained in the Veins of the Womb doth not only enlarge them externally in the outside of the Womb and make them crooked and swollen but these Veins in the substance of the Womb which at other times are small and scarce apparent being now filled and dilated by degrees do lift up the substance of the womb and make it larger and so the Swelling of it and the stretching of the veins external causeth this Swelling of the Belly which when the Courses flow and the veins grow empty is asswaged except some other Disease happen as Cachexy or beginning of a dropsie when the Belly is so swelled with wind or water as we have known it in Women with Child and then the tumor is altered and will not be gone with bleeding I have observed in two full bodied Women this gathering and stopping of Blood in the Veins of the Womb which caused a Swelling of the Belly with distension and puffing up or inflation of the Breasts as in Women with Child whom at first I judged to be with Child which was their Hope but not long after the Courses flowing plentifully they were freed both from Swelling of Breasts and Belly Blood in the Arteries causeth that beating Tumor called an Aneurism Blood getting out of the Arteries under the skin is the cause of the tumor called Aneurism which they suppose to be from the dilatation of an Artery as the other was from the Vein And it was formerly declared that this only may be in the inward Arteries and that from an internal Aneurism Pulsation of the Heart and Arteries may proceed when we spake of that Disease But since the Branches of the Arteries do not spread themselves to the skin nor are they fastned unto it as the branches of the Veins are this Swelling cannot be like that of the Veins except by chance an Artery do so swell in some part near to the skin that it appear external and cause Pulsation And if this be so it must come from the same Cause from which we told you in the Palpitation of the Heart the inrernal Aneurism did proceed But an Aneurism doth not come only from the Dilation of the Artery while it continueth sound and whole but often though not alwaies if it be external it comes from some manifest apertion of the same For then the thin Blood which comes out of the Artery gets under the skin and makes it swell and there makes a Hollowness into which the Artery disburdens its self as it is wont to do in the Brain Naturally so here preternaturally by throwing forth the Blood with the Spirits in its Diastole or Dilatation and drawing it again in the Systole or Contraction of it self and this causeth the Pulsation in this Tumor Now the opening of the Mouth of the Artery is the Cause of this Bleeding when being dilated by the Causes mentioned it doth not only swell but makes way under the skin for the Blood to get forth by opening the mouth through the Distension Or if the Artery from the force of that spirital Blood be so compelled that it is stretched forth and opened or be hurt by any external sorce so that it be broken externally it may send blood under the skin as we have declared But it is apparent that this happens not from an Artery broken or by stretching opened internal but external in that the Mouths of the Arteries which end and shut up the same have their termination in the extremities of the Body where the Arteries end and if an Artery inwardly hurt or opened should bleed the Blood would fall into the Cavities of the Body neither would it produce a Tumor such as many times is inward also when the Artery is onely stretched Moreover that an external Aneurism comes often from the effusion of this Arterial blood by the Causes aforesaid under the skin and not from the dilatation only it appears in that the Tumor is round rather than long like the Artery dilated and not wrinkled or twisted like a Varix But it appears chiefly by an incision made in the skin swollen that the blood was lodged there because it leaps out suddenly and often in such abundance that as it hath been observed it could no waies be stopped but the Patient hath bled to Death and that this Aneurism came by the breaking of the Artery appeared by the leaping and in regard the Pulsation was such and it had long continued and