Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n
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A35721
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Hydrologia philosophica, or, An account of Ilmington waters in Warwick-shire with directions for the drinking of the same : together with some experimental observations touching the original of compound bodies / by Sam. Derham ...
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Derham, Samuel, 1655-1689.
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1685
(1685)
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Wing D1098; ESTC R13324
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80,234
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190
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receiveth another Ferment by the mixture of the Bilis and Succus Pancreaticus by which the thinner Parts are separated from the thicker and received or rather squeezed by the Peristaltick Motion into the Orifices of the Lacteal Vessels but the thicker and gross ejected by Stool This Precipitation and Separation Sylvius compareth to a Solution of Vitriol in fair Water which by the mixture of Salt of Tartar presently leteth its Sulphureous and dreggy Parts subside I shall not then like some take the perfecting of Chylification in the Intestines to be a second Digestion distinct from the former but rather a Perfection and Depuration of the concocted Aliment or Chyle Neither shall I make that little alteration or rather preparation to Sanguification which the Chyle by mixture of the Lympha receiveth from the Mesenterical Glandules and Ductus Thoracicus before its ingress into the jugular Veins to be a third Digestion and distinct from Chylification and Sanguification but as a Preparative to the Latter with a convenient Vehicle The acrimonious Particles of the Saliva swallowed and the Acid Stomachical Ferment and the Reliques of Aliment of former Digestions sticking to the Coats of the Stomack and brought to Acidity finding no Aliment to prey upon do molest and irritate the Stomack which molestation being imprest upon the Nerves of the Sixt or according to Dr. Willis the Eighth Pair and by these communicated to the Brain doth excite a desire of Eating or Hungering after Meat to imbibe the ferment gnawing on the Stomack As for the Colour of the Chyle or why Mutton Beef Bread Herbs c. eaten together should be turned into a white Creamy Substance Or why the Aliment should not retain its pristine Colour I conceive to be as thus The Saline and Sulphureous Particles with which our usual Aliment doth abound being well dissolved and mixed together do by the Acid Ferment acquire a white Colour Even as in making of Lac Sulphuris the Flos Sulphuris and Salt of Tartar by boyling together turn the Water to a dark Red but by instillation of Vinegar turneth to a white So every Liquid impregnated with a Sulphur and an Alkalizate Salt but more especially when the Salt is volatile or with a Salt well implexed in and dissolved with the Sulphur by addition of an acid Liquor becometh white as may be seen in the making of Resinous Extracts of Vegetables or by mixing spirit of Benjamin spirit of Harts-horn of Soot or such like spirits abounding with volatile Salt with an acid Liquor or fair Water The Chyle having passed the Stomach into the Intestines the purer part is received into the Lacteal vessels and perhaps some of the more Spirituous parts into the Mesenterical veins by reason of the sudden refection after eating and drinking by those that are through labour and travel wearied which convey it to the Mesenterical or Asellius his Pancreas and from thence is conveyed by the Ductus Thoracicus into the Subclavian vein where by the way it is mixed with the Lympha brought by the Lympheducts which is not as an useless Liquor but serveth for a vehicle to the Chyle and by its saline Particles doth prepare it for Sanguification The Chyle having once entered the subclavian vein is mixed with the recurrent venal blood and by the vena cava is conveyed to the Heart where is chiefly made the second Digestion or Sanguification But first entering the right ventricle of the Heart from thence it passeth through the Arteria Pulmonaris called also vena Arteriosa into the Lungs From whence it is reduced to the left ventricle of the Heart by the vena Pulmonaris or Arteria venosa in the Diastole or laxation of the Heart it enters the left Ventricle but by its Contraction or Systole is sent forth into the Aorta and by It is carried to the whole body But the residue after Nutrition is reduced by the veins to the right ventricle of the Heart from whence again it begineth its Circulation This is the Natural course in adult persons but in the foetus or Embryo it is something different An Embryo having not attained to Respiration nor to a perfection of its Lungs the Blood cannot Circulate as in adult Animals Wherefore Nature hath provided two vessels in a foetus that afterward grow obsolete and useless viz. the foramen ovale and canalis Arteriosus The Foramen Ovale is placed under the right Auricle of the Heart and uniteth the vena cava to the vena Pulmonaria The Use of it is to carry the Blood that doth not enter the Right ventricle into the vena Pulmonaria that it may enter the left ventricle of the Heart The Canalis Arteriosus uniteth Arteria Pulmonaris to the great Aorta whose Use is to convey the blood that hath passed through the Right ventricle and is driven by the Systole into the great Artery so that it slideth by the left ventricle By which we may observe That the blood in its Circulation always entereth the Heart but in an Embryo passeth through only one ventricle I said before that Sanguification is chiefly performed in the Heart for it may with good reason be questioned Whether the Effervescence of the blood the Accension or flamma vitalis as Dr. Willis would have it be from the Heart or rather from the Fermentation of its contrary Principles and according to others Sanguis sanguificat Dr. Lower cap. 2. de corde absolutely denieth any Ferment to be placed in the Heart He telleth us The Heart oweth its Heat to the Blood and not the Blood to the Heart yea that the Blood by its heat doth actuate and enliven our bodies and that Nature hath not bestowed more heat upon the heart than upon other Muscles but it hath a more brisk and lively heat than other parts of the body because it is in a continual motion and so much surrounded with adjacent parts Neither doth its Action differ from the Action of other Muscles And cap. 5. he telleth us The Chyle is turned into blood by the vital spirit and other of its active Principles which from the first Mixture with Chyle do work upon it until it be refined until the saline sulphureous and spirituous Particles be set at liberty from the feculent and associated to them of the Blood Dr. Harvey that exquisite Searcher into the Generation of Animals speaking of the Order of Generation of the Parts of the Body saith Ab initio Punctum rubrum saliens vesicula pulsans fibraeque inde deductae sanguinem in se complectentes c. Exercit. 50. That a red beating Spot or Bladder with Fibres thence deduced containing Blood do first of all appear And by exact observation doth conclude In the generation of Animals blood is the first thing that is made And as Pulsation doth begin in it and from it so at the last moment of life doth it end in the Blood Quantum ex accuratâ inspectione discernere licuit â—it Sanguis antequam punctum
Particles of the Air admited by Inspiration and intimately there mixed with its Compages where the blood also receiveth from the Air its florid Colour As may be seen by several Experiments of Dr Lower's and also by exposeing Venal blood to the open Air for the superficial part next the air will be of a florid Red but the under part of a Blackish colour Let the blackish part be turned to the air and its superficies will be of a light red in the left ventricle of the heart it receiveth a more perfect mixture and entereth the Aorta under the form of Blood and is of a Scarlet colour until the air is transpired through the pores of the skin But Chyle is not perfectly and exactly assimilated to the blood until it hath run through many Circulations The most subtile and acrimonious part of the vivifick spirit planted in the heart from its original giveth its Ferment by which the humors receive an Effervescence and Dilatation if capable thereof and more or less as they are inclinable thereto Even as Gunpowder that of it self hath no heat but by fire doth soon dilate and hath a great effervescence So doth the blood by the ferment of the heart and by the dilatation of the blood the sides of the ventricles of the heart are molested and the fibres of the heart are irritated and provoked to expel the oppressing blood After the expulsion the Heart remains in its Diastole until by a supply of fresh blood there is a new Dilatation and then a Systole But to a Systole besides the vivifick Spirit inherent in the Heart the Animal spirits as in other Muscular motion are called in to help supposing a free passage for else what meaneth so many Nerves derived to the Heart The Hearts of Puppies Frogs c. cut from their bodies and the ventricles emptied from blood will keep as long as natural warmth their Pulsation Because the vivifick acrimonious spirit placed in the Heart by heat is set on work to ferment and dilate the blood contained in the Pores and Interstices of the fleshy substance of the Heart and by irritation of the fibres is made a Systole and then a Diastole until the blood contained in the Pores do suffer a new Dilatation to which both vital and Animal spirits as yet unspent that will make a tremulous motion for some time after the death of an Animal do concur The Third principal Fermental Digestion is That of the Brain which is well appointed with blood-vessels that serve as Channels to convey Matter to every part of the Cerebrum and Cerebellum Nature hath so provided for a supply of Matter That as Dr. Willis hath observed Non modò arterias cum venis verùm quod rarius ferè singulare est arterias cum arteriis nempe arterias Carotides unius lateris pluribus in locis uniuntur cum carotidibus alterius insuper vertebrales utriusque lateris inter sese in posteriores carotidum ramos prius unitos inosculantur Anat. Cereb c. 7 From the blood thus conveyed by the Carotidal and Vertebral arteries the purer and more subtile Spirituous part is carried into the Brain by the winding Meanders of the Arteries whilst the Grosser part is absorbed and carried back by the Veins and the Serum imbibed by the Glandules and Lympheducts in order to be restored to a fresh Circulation The manner how the Animal spirits are produced Dr. Willis de ferm c. 5. sheweth by a Similitude As in making highly rectified spirit of Wine with a glass Alembick a Sponge being put into its Pipe only the most subtile part can pass so from the hot rariâ—ied blood only the most Subtile spirit as it were distilled can pass through the Cortical substance of the Brain This Liquor thus distilled doth obtain a higher degree of perfection because the Brain abounding with a volatile Salt doth much exalt these distilled Spirits so that they are as it were endowed with a Ferment and by their volatile Salt penetrate like Spirit of Harts horn more than Spirit of Wine Cartesius seems to refer it to the Glandula Pinealis separating the Spirits from the Plexus Choroides But his Opinion being so wide from Truth as may be soon made appear by a â—â—rutiny into the Nature of Glandules I shall pâ—ss it by Riolanus would ascribe it to the ventricles 〈◊〉 the Brain but for a full confutation thereâ—â—â— I shall refer the Reader to Dr. Wepfer de 〈◊〉 only adding this Observation of my 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was called to a Youth about eight years 〈◊〉 whom I found much complaining of a 〈◊〉 and Dulness of his Head with a 〈◊〉 inclination to sleep His head I observâ—â—◠〈◊〉 exceed in bigness all the other parts in a 〈◊〉 proportion The Distemper I found 〈◊〉 a Hydrocephalus and from the Sympâ—â—â— might easily perceive it a fore-runner of 〈◊〉 that did soon ensue I opened his 〈◊〉 and before sufficient Testimony poured 〈◊〉 the ventricles of the brain near a full 〈◊〉 and half of clear Lympha like Rock 〈◊〉 which would certainly have hindred any 〈◊〉 of Animal spirits there and all 〈◊〉 into the Nerves from thence 〈◊〉 seeing his Senses remained clear and 〈◊〉 for a long time gradually increased 〈◊〉 then it is that the Animal 〈◊〉 elaborated in the Cortical or Ash 〈◊〉 part of the brain by the saline ferment 〈◊〉 â—â—rcolation through the pores of the 〈◊〉 So that the Animal spirits only by 〈◊〉 high exaltation and purification differ 〈◊〉 Vital spirits which latter are the 〈◊〉 of the former Spirits thus elaborated are by others succeeding them impelled into the medullous part of the brain or Corpus callosum where they have a large place to exercise the Phansy in the Plicae of the Brain to lay up Ideas for the Memory and in the Corpora striata to exercise the Sensus communis and according as they are directed along the Nerves to perform Motion or as they receive Impressions undulating backward to perform the External Senses Probable also is the Opinion of Willis and Diemerbroeck That there is a Succus Nervosus or Nervous juice serving as a spirituous ferment to separate the Nutritive parts from the Blood As the Blood supplieth Matter so the Nervous Juice is as an Active Form in Nutrition And good Reason may be given for this Opinion for in a Palsie wherein the Nerves are obstructed although the Parts are imbued with a constant supply of warm blood yet the Parts will fade away for want of Nourishment assimilated to them as a supply to that which was lost because the succus nervousus is wanting which precipitateth the Nutritive Matter from the rest of the blood Next to the three principal Ferments cometh in That of the Spleen As for the opinion of Dr. Glisson lib. de Hep. cap 45. that the Spleen doth prepare an Alimentary juice that is imbibed by the Nerves and by them carried up to the Brain and back again through the Nâ—rves to the parts of the