Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	left_a	lung_n	ventricle_n	2,628	5	12.9083	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A95902	The surgions directorie, for young practitioners, in anatomie, wounds, and cures, &c. shewing, the excellencie of divers secrets belonging to that noble art and mysterie. Very usefull in these times upon any sodaine accidents. And may well serve, as a noble exercise for gentle-women, and others; who desire science in medicine and surgery, for a generall good. Divided into X. parts. (Whose contents follow in the next page.) / Written by T. Vicary, Esquire, chyrurgion to Hen 8. Edw. 6. Q. Mary. Q. Eliz.	Vicary, Thomas, d. 1561.	1651 (1651)	Wing V335; Thomason E1265_1; ESTC R210472	135,832	352

five principall Veynes springeth innumerable of the which a Chyrurgion hath no great charge for it sufficeth us to know the principals To speake of Arteirs you shall understand that wheresoever there is found a Veyne there is an Arteir under him and if there be found a great Veyne there is found a great Artier and whereas is a little Veyne there is a little Artier for wheresoever there goeth a Veyne to give nutriment there goeth an Artier to bring the spirit of life Wherefore it is to bee noted that the Artiers lye more deeper in the flesh then the Veynes doe for they carry and keepe in them more precious blood then doth the Veyne and therefore hee hath need to bee further from dangers outwardly and therefore God and Nature have ordained for him to be closed in two Coates where the Veyne hath but one The Breast or Thorax is the Arke or Chest of the spirituall members of man as saith the Philosopher where it is to bee noted that there be foure things containing and eight contained as thus The foure containing are the Skinne Musculus flesh the Pappes and the Bones The parts contained are the Heart the Lungs Pannicles Ligaments Nerves Veynes Artiers Myre or Isofagus Now the Skin and the flesh are knowne in their Anatomie It is to be noted that the flesh of the Pappes differeth from the other flesh of the body for it is white glandulus and spongeous and there is in them both Nerves Veynes and Artiers and by them they have Coliganes with the Heart the Liver the Braine and the Generative members Also there is in the Breast as old Authors make mention Lxxx or XC Muscles for some of them be common to the Neck some to the Shoulders and to the Spades some to Diafragma or the Midriffe some to the Ribs some to the Back and some to the Breast it selfe But J find a certaine profitablenesse in the creation of the Pappes aswell in man as in woman for in Man it defendeth the spirituals from annoyance outwardly and another by their thicknesse they comfort the naturall heate in defiance of the spirits And in Women there is the generation of Milke for in women there commeth from the Matrix into their breasts many Veynes which bring into them menstruall blood the which is turned through the digestive vertue from red colour into white like the colour of the Paps even as Chilley comming from the stomack to the Liver is turned into the colour of the Liver Now to speake of the Bones of the brest they be said to be triple or three-fold and they be numbred to the seaven in the Brest before and their length is according to the bredth of the Brest and their extremities or ends be gristly as the Ribbes be And in the upper end of Thorax is a hole or a concavity in which is set the foot of the Fockle-bone or Cannel-bone and in the nether end of Thorax against the mouth of the stomack hangeth a Gristle called Ensiforme and this Gristle was ordained for two causes One is that it should defend the Stomack from hurt outwardly The second is that in time of fulnesse it should give place to the stomack in time of need when it desireth c. Now to speake of the parts of the Backe here following there bee twelve Spondels through whom passeth Mynuca of whom springeth twelve paire of Nerves that bringeth both feeling and moving to the Muscles of the Brest aforesaid And here it is to be noted that in every side there bee twelve Ribs that is to say seaven true and five falfe because these five be not so long as the other seaven be and therefore called false Ribs as it may be perceived by the sight of the Eye Likewise of the parts that bee inwardly and first of the Heart because hee is the principall of all other members and the beginning of Life hee is set in the middest of the Brest severally by himselfe as Lord and King of all members And as a Lord or a King ought to bee served of his subjects that have their living of him so are all other members of the Body subjects to the Heart for they receive their living of him and they all doe service many wayes unto him againe The substance of the Heart is as it were Lazartus flesh but it is spermatick and an officiall member and the beginning of life and hee giveth to every member of the Body both blood of life and spirit of breath and heate for if the Heart were of Lazartus flesh his moving and stirring should be voluntary and not naturall but the contrary is true for it were impossible that the Heart should be ruled by Will onely and not by Nature The Heart hath the shape and forme of a Pine-apple and the broad end thereof is upwards and the sharpe end is downewards depending a little towards the left side And heere it is to be noted that the Heart hath blood in his substance whereas all other members have it but in their Veynes and Arteries Also the Heart is bound with certaine Ligaments to the backe part of the Breast but these Lygaments touch not the substance of the Heart but in the over-part they spring forth of him and is fastened as is aforesaid Furthermore the Heart hath two Ventricles or Concavities and the left is higher then the right and the cause of his hollownesse is this For to keepe the blood for his nourishing and the ayre to abate and temper the great heate that hee is in the which is kept in Concavities Now heere it is to be noted that to the right Ventrickle of the Heart commeth a Veyne from the great Veyne called Venakelis that receiveth all the substance of the blood from the Liver And this Veyne that commeth from Venakelis entreth into the heart of the right Ventricle as J said before and in him is brought a great portion of the thickest blood to nourish the heart with and the residue that is left of this is made subtill through the vertue of the Heart and then this Blood is sent into a Concavity or pit in the midst of the Heart betweene the two Ventricles and therein it is made hot and purified and then it passeth into the left Ventricle and there is ingendred in it a Spirit that is cleerer brighter and subtiller then any Corporall or Bodily thing that is engendred of the foure Elements For it is a thing that is a meane betweene the Body and the Soule Wherefore it is likened of the Philosophers to be more liker heavenly things then earthly things Also it is to be noted that from the left Ventricle of the heart springeth two Arteirs the one having but one Coate and therefore is called Arteria Venalis And this Arteir carryeth Blood from the Heart to the Lungs the which Blood is vaporous that is tryed and and left of the Heart and is brought by this Artery to the Lungs to give him

Nutriment and there he receiveth of the Lungs ayre and bringeth it to the heart to refresh him with Wherefore Galen saith that hee findeth that mans Heart is naturall and friendly to the Lungs For hee giveth him of his owne Nutrimentall to nourish him with and the Lungs rewards him with ayre to refresh him with againe c. The other Artier that hath two Coats is called Vena Arterialis or the great Artery that ascendeth and descendeth and of him springeth all the other Artiers that spread to every member of the Body for by him is united and quickned all the members of the body For the Spirit that is retained in them is the instrument or treasure of all the vertue of the Soule And thus it passeth untill it come to the Braine and there hee is turned into a further digestion and there he taketh another Spirit and so is made animall and at the Liver nutrimentall and at the Testicles generative and thus it is made a spirit of every kind so that hee being the meane of all manner of operations and workings taketh effect Two causes J find why these Artiers have two coates One is that one coat is not sufficient nor able to withstand the violent moving and stirring of the spirit of Life that is carried in them The second cause is that the thing that is carried about from place to place is of so precious a Treasure that it had the more need of good keeping And of some Doctors this Artier is called the Pulsative veyne or the beating Veyne for by him is perceived the pow●r and might of the Heart c. Wherefore God and Nature have ordained that the Artiers have two coates Also there is in the Heart three Pellikles opening and closing the going in of the Heart blood and spirit in convenient time Also the Heart hath two little Eares by whom commeth in and passeth out the ayre that is prepared for the Lungs There is also found in the heart a Cartilaginous auditament to helpe and strengthen the same Heart The Heart is covered with a strong Pannicle which is called of some Capsula Cordes or Pericordium the which is a strong case unto whom commeth Nerves as to other inward members And this Pannicle Pericordium springeth of the upper Pannicle of the Midriffe And of him springeth another Pannicle called Mediastinum the which separateth the Brest in the midst and keepeth it that the Lungs fall not over the Heart There is also another Pannicle that covereth the Ribbes inwardly that is called Plura of whom the Midriffe taketh his beginning And it is said of many Doctors that Duramater is the Originall of all the Pannicles within the body and thus one taketh of another CHAP. VIII The Anatomie of the Lungs THe Lungs is a member Spermatick of the first creation and his naturall Complexion is cold and dry and in his accidentall complexion hee is cold and moyst wrapped in a nervous Pannicle because it should gather together the softer substance of the Lungs and that the Lungs might feele by the meanes of the Pannicle that which hee might not feele in himselfe Now to prove the Lungs to bee cold and dry of kind it appeareth by his swift stirring for hee lyeth ever waving over the Heart and about the heart And that hee is cold and moyst in operation it appeareth in that hee receiveth of the Braine many cold matters as Catarres and Rheumes whose substance is thin Also J find in the Lungs three kinds of substance One is a Veyne comming from the Liver bringing with him the crude or raw part of the Chylle to feed the Lungs Another is Arteria venealis comming from the Heart bringing with him the spirit of Life to nourish him with The third is Trachia Arteria that bringeth in ayre to the Lungs and it passeth through all the left part of them to doe his office The Lungs is divided into five Lobbes or Pellikles or five portions that is to say three in the right side and two in the left side And this was done for this cause that if there fell any hurt in the one part the others should serve and doe their office And three causes J find why the Lungs were principally ordained First that they should draw cold wind and refresh the heart The second that they should change and alter and purifie the ayre before it come to the Heart lest the heart should be hurt and annoyed with the quantity of the ayre The third cause is that they should receive from the Heart the fumous superfluities that hee putteth forth with his breathing c. Behind the Lungs towards the Spondels passeth Myre or Isofagus of whom it is spoken of in the Anatomic of the Neck And also there passeth both Veynes and Artiers and all these with Trachia Arteria doe make a Stoke replete unto the Gullet with the Pannicles and strong Ligaments and Glandulus flesh to fulfill the voyd places And last of all is the Midriffe and it is an officiall member made of two Pannicles and Lazartus flesh and his place is in the midst of the body overthwart or in bredth under the region of the Spirituall members separating them from the Matrix And three causes J find why the Midriffe was ordained First that it should divide the Spirituals from the Nutrates The second that it should keepe the vitall colour or heat to descend downe to the Nutrates The last is that the malicious fumes reared up from the Nutrates should not annoy the Spirituals or vitals c. The Wombe is the region or the City of all the Intrailes the which reacheth from the Midriffe downe unto the Share inwardly and outwardly from the Reines or Kidnies downe to the bone Peeten about the privie parts And this Wombe is compound and made of two things that is to say of Syfac and Myrac Syfac is a Pannicle and a member spermatick officiall sensible Sinewie compound of subtill Will and in complexion cold and dry having his beginning in the inner Pannicle of the Midriffe And it was ordained because it should containe and bind together all the Intrailes and that he defend the Musculus so that he oppresse not the Naturall members And that he is strong and tough it is because he should not be lightly broken and not those things that are contained goe not forth as it happeneth to them that are broken c. Myrac is compound and made of foure things that is to say of Skinne outwardly of Fatnesse of a Carnous Pannicle and of Musculus Flesh And that it is to bee understood that all the whole from Syfac outward is called Myrac it appeareth well by the words of Galen where hee commandeth that in all wounds of the Wombe to sewe the Syfac with the Mirac and by that it proveth that there is nothing without the Syfac but Mirac And in this Mirac or outer part of the Wombe there is noted eight Muscles two Longitudinals proceeding from the

Theoricke and Practicke Theorick to know and Practicke to worke The ground of the Theoricke is to know the Elements and Humours that proceedeth from them which is for mans health or against it Letchcraft teaches us Causes effects and Signes Signes to know the causes and effects and therefore J treat of signes and many signes doth belong to Physicke and Chyrurgerie as Crisses Urine Pounces Vomits Sege and other c. Chyrurgerie is in Wounds Impostumes and Algebra and Chyrurgerie holdeth foure parts viz. Wounds and Impostumes Algebra and Anatomie And Antidotary is the fift which is a kind of Salves against all kind of Sores that belongeth to Chyrurgerie Algebra is broken Bones and bones out of joynt Antidotary of Chyrurgerie is in Waters Powders Oyles Oyntments and Emplaisters most principall some must bee repercussive some Moleficative some Maturative some generative and some Corosive Anotomie is to know the Body of man throughout and all his Members within and without Two members hath every manner of man viz. Principall and Officiall and foure principall every man hath viz. Braine Heart Liver and Stones the Braine hath the head and necke the Heart hath the Lungs Brest and Midriffe the Liver hath the stomacke and other members downe to the Reynes as Guts Gall and the Kelle veyne and Milt the Milt upon the left side and the gall upon the Liver the Stones hath Reynes Bladder and other Privities and these are the foure principall members Braine Heart Liver and Stones and without Braine Heart and Liver no man can live and without Stones can no man engender three things in the Stones is cause of engendring Heat Wind and humours Heat commeth from the Liver Spirit from the Heart and humours from the Braines that man is made of if any of these foure be faulty that man can not as he should kindly engender These sixe vertues are rooted in the Liver viz. Attractive Digestive Diminusive Expulsive Retentive and a Simulative that is in our English tongue Drawing and breaking out putting holding and liking For first Nature draweth in that which it needeth to live by and then all to breake it and then departeth the good from the bad and holdeth to it the good and then dispierseth the good to all the members of the Body Officiall members bee those that have certaine offices in mans Body where ever they be as the Eye to see the Eare to heare the Hand to touch the Mouth to speake the Feet to goe and many such other c. Also such are called members as branches from the principall to the officiall as the Arme or Legge that rooteth in the principall and brancheth to the officials And so Nerves Artiers Veynes Lygaments Chords Bones Pannicles and Gristles Flesh and Skin to teach them their Office But Nerves Veynes and Artiers bee most needfull for they bee Wells and Rootes of all other Nerves comming from the Braine and Artiers from the Heart and Veynes from the Liver into all the body Nerves giveth to the Body feeling and moving and Artiers leaving and Veynes increasing A Veyne hath but one Tunacle and an Artier hath two in the one runneth Bloud and in the other spirits and all beating Veynes bee Artiers the which J call Pulses and all other be simple Veynes and all such members saving Flesh alone are melancholious and their nature is Sperme but flesh is Sanguine and therefore it may be sodered be it never so much cut but the other said members because their matter is Sperme may never be sodered if they be much cue Now will J speake of Wounds which is the second part of Chyrurgerie ONe of these intentions hath every Surgion The first is to containe that that i● evill loosed the second is to loose that that is evill contained the third is to take away that that is too much the fourth is to increase that that is too little In these foure entents standeth all Chirurgery The first is in Wounds the second is Impostumes the third and fourth Alg●br● holdeth Wounds be in many manners Simple and Compound Simple in the flesh alone and compound in seven manners There be seven things that letteth a wound not lightly to heale viz. Empostumes discrased hollownesse or bitten by a venemous Beast and these letteth a Chirurgion suddenly to heale a wound and if a Sinew bee cut or pricked or wounded to the Bone or if the wound bee hollow or else discrased with a Fever or bruised or made by venemous Beasts then mayest thou not as thou wouldest close up a wound And if a wound lacke all these seven things then it is simple Thus Medicine is Letchcraft that is both Physicke and Chirurgery and every one of them hath first his Theoricke perfectly to know and afterwards his Practique cunningly to worke the grounds of both which Qualities are Elements and Humours and ●●●nes most needfull both of Urine and Pulses Thus much for the Theoricke Divers things very necessary for every Practitioner in Surgerie to have in a readinesse And first for Instruments viz. NOvacula Sp●●ill●● S●alp●ll●● Lat●● Sp●●ill●● For●icis Stylu● Volsell● Acu● Ca●●li●ula Forata Fas●i● Hab●●● ad membra laqu●● intepcipi●●d● Panni●uli linei ad v●l●●ra abliga●●● Lint●a conc●rpta A●ris●alpiu●● Forcip●s ad d●●tes ●v●ll●nd●s Ferra●entu● qu●●r●●i d●ntes ●rad●●tur ●n●inus or as C●lsu● calleth it Hamul●●●●●●sum 2. For sodaine Accidents HE must have in readinesse Powders Unguents and Emplasters They serve to stop Bleeding to conglutinate Wounds to clense foule and rotten Ulcers to mollifie hardnesse to produce a Cicatrix and Skinne to remove away all excrescent and corrupt Flesh to cease paine to strengthen Fractures and Luxations 3. For Powders THey are of three sorts The first is to stay Bleeding as that which is framed of Bolus Armoniae of Rosis of Mastickes and Pollin The second is for Fractures of the Scull and hurts of other Bones and is called Pulvis Cephalicus and is framed of Radicibus ir●os of Arist●l●●●iae of Myrrhe Aloes and such like The third is to remove away excrescent and corrupt Flesh as Alumen ustu● of Pul prae●ipit Mer●urii and such like 4. For Vnguents HE must have Vnguentum Basilicon which doth humect digest and cease paine Vnguentum album Rhasis which doth Refrigerate coole and dry Vnguentum Aureum called of some Regis which doth Incarnate and conglutinate Wounds together Vnguentum Dialthea simplex which doth Calefie soften humect and also cease paine Vnguentum Apostolorum which doth deterge mollifie dry and remove away corrupt and superfluous Flesh And of like faculty almost is Mundificativum ex api● and Aegyptiacum 5. For Emplasters DIachilon compositum which doth ripen Apostumes and doth mollifie and resolve hardnesse and doth digest and also absterge Diacalciteos commonly called Diapalma which doth conglutinate Ulcers produceth Cicatrix and skinne and according to the opinion of Galen is very fit for the curing of Phlegme Emplastrum de Betonica which is also called De Janua it doth unite

shield of the stomacke unto Os Pecten two Latitudinals comming from the back-wards to the Wombe and foure Transverse of the which two of them spring from the Ribbes on the right side and goe to the left side to the Bones of the Hanches or of Pecten and the other two spring from the Ribs on the left and come over the wombe to the right parts as the other before doth Heere is to be noted that by the vertue of the subtill will that is in the Musculus Longitudinall is made perfect the vertue attractiue and by the Musculus Transverse is made the vertue retentive and by the Musculus Latitudinall is made the vertue expulsive It is thus to be understood that by the vertue attractive is drawne downe into the Intrailes all superfluities both water winde and dyet By the vertue retentive all things are with-holden and kept untill Nature have wrought his kind And by the vertue expulsive is put forth all things when Nature provoketh any thing to be done Galen saith that Wounds or Incisions be more perilous in the midst of the wombe then about the sides for there the parts be more tractable then any other parts bee Also he saith that in wounds piercing the wombe there shall not bee made good incarnation except Sifac be sewed with Mirac Now to come to the parts contained within First that which appeareth next under the Sifac is Omentum or Zirbus the which is a Pannicle covering the stomacke and the Intrailes implanted with many Veynes and Arteirs and not a little fatnesse ordained to keepe moyst the inward parts This Zirbus is an osficiall member and is compound of a Veyne and an Arteir the which entreth and maketh a line of the outer Tunicle of the stomacke unto which Tunicle hangeth the Zirbus and covereth all the Guts downe to the share Two causes J find why they were ordained One is that they should defend the Nutratives outwardly The second is that through his owne power and vertue he should strengthen and comfort the digestion of all the Nutrates because they are more feebler then other members bee because they have but a thinne wombe or Skin c. Next Zirbus appeareth the Intrails or guts of which Galen saith that the Guts were ordained in the first Creation to convey the drosse of the meate and drinke and to clense the body of superfluities And here it is to be noted that there be fixe portions of one whole Gutte which both in man and Beast beginneth at the nether mouth of the stomacke and so containeth forth to the end of the Fundament Neverthelesse hee hath divers shapes and formes and divers operations in the Body and therefore he hath divers names And hereupon the Philosophers say that the lower wombe of a man is like unto the wombe of a Swine And like as the stomacke hath two Tunicles in like manner have all the Guts two Tunicles The first portion of the Guts is called Duodenum for he is 12. Inches of length and covereth the nether part of the Stomacke and receiveth all the drosse of the stomacke The second portion of the Guts is called Iejunium for he is evermore empty for to him lyeth evermore the Chest of the Gall beating him sore and draweth forth of him all the drosse and clenseth him cleane the third portion or Gut is called Yleon or small Gut and is in length fifteene or sixteene Cubits In this Gut oftentimes falleth a disease called Yleaea Passio The fourth Gut is called Monoculus or blind Gut and it seemeth to have but one hole or mouth but it hath two one neere unto the other for by the one all things goe in and by the other they goe out againe The fift is called Colon and receiveth all the drosse deprived from all profitablenesse and therefore there commeth not to him any Veynes Miseraices as to the other The sixt and last is called Rectum or Longaon and he is ended in the Fundament and hath in his nether end foure Muscles to hold to open to shut and to put out c. Next is to be noted of senterium the which is nothing else but a texture of innumerable Veynes Miseraices ramefied of one Veyne called Porta Epates covered and defended of Pannicles nnd Lygaments comming to the Intrails with the back full of fatnesse and Glandulus flesh c. The Stomacke is a member compound and Spermaticke sinnowy and sensible and therein is made perfect the first digestion of Chile This is a necessary member to all the Body for if it faile in his working all the members of the Body shall corrupt Wherefore Galen sayth that the Stomacke was ordained principally for two causes The first that it should be to all the members of the Body as the earth is to all that are ingendred of the earth that is that it should desire sufficient meate for all the whole Body The second is that the stomacke should bee a sacke or Chest to all the Body for the meate and as a Cooke to all the members of the Body The stomacke is made of two Pannicles of which the inner is Nerveous and the outer Carneous This inner Pannicle hath Musculus Longitudinals that stretcheth along from the stomacke to the mouth by the which he draweth to him meate and drinke as it were hands And hee hath Transverse will for to with-hold or make retention And also the outer Pannicle hath Latitudinall will to expulse and put out and that by his heate he should keepe the digestive vertue of the stomacke and by other heates given by his Neighbours as thus It hath the Liver on the right side chasing and beating him with his lobes or figures and the Splene on the left side with his fatnesse and Veynes sending to him Melancholy to exercise his appetites and about him is the heart quickning him with his Artiers Also the Braine sending to him a Branch of Nerves to give him feeling And he hath on the hinder part descending from the parts of the backe many Lygaments with the Artiers joyned to the Spondels of the Backe The forme or figure of this Stomack is long in likenesse of a Goord crooked and that both holes bee in the upper part of the body of it because there should be no going out of it unadvisedly of those things which are received into it The quantity of the stomack commonly holdeth two Pitchers of water and it may suffer many passions and the nether mouth of the stomacke is narrower then the upper and that for three causes The first cause is that the upper receiveth meate great and boysterous in substance that there being made subtill it might passe into the nether The second is for by him passeth all the meates with their chilosity from the stomacke to the Liver The third is for that through him passeth all the drosse of the stomack to the guts And this sufficeth for the Stomacke c. The Liver is a principal member and official and