marrow_n which_o be_v send_v down_o direct_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o if_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o convey_v some_o influence_n into_o it_o no_o great_a difference_n this_o and_o yet_o the_o cause_n that_o induce_v nature_n to_o make_v it_o may_v be_v great_a what_o it_o be_v be_v difficult_a to_o find_v out_o it_o may_v probable_o have_v some_o respect_n to_o the_o prone_a posture_n of_o brute_n which_o be_v horizontal_a must_v cause_v the_o ponderose_n machine_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o swagg_n and_o the_o cone_n to_o point_n not_o towards_o the_o midrif_n as_o in_o erect_a man_n but_o towards_o the_o sternum_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o there_o may_v be_v need_n of_o more_o auxiliary_a nerve_n to_o assist_v the_o heart_n motion_n in_o that_o position_n but_o whatever_o may_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o their_o conjecture_n neurologia_fw-la who_o say_v that_o because_o the_o head_n of_o beast_n look_v downward_o therefore_o the_o providence_n of_o nature_n have_v furnish_v their_o heart_n with_o more_o nerve_n lest_o animal_n spirit_n shall_v not_o in_o sufficient_a swarm_n be_v send_v every_o moment_n from_o the_o prone_a head_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o brute_n that_o position_n of_o the_o brain_n forsooth_o render_v the_o transmission_n of_o these_o spirit_n more_o difficult_a and_o slow_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o this_o witty_a conjecture_n be_v because_o neither_o the_o author_n of_o it_o nor_o any_o other_o man_n who_o write_n i_o have_v read_v have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o animal_n spirit_n in_o rerum_fw-la naturâ_fw-la in_o some_o book_n indeed_o whole_a commonwealth_n of_o they_o be_v find_v so_o that_o you_o can_v hardly_o pass_v along_o without_o meet_v crowd_n of_o they_o but_o till_o i_o see_v their_o existence_n otherwise_o than_o precarious_o assert_v i_o be_o just_o excusable_a if_o i_o doubt_v thereof_o the_o heart_n be_v thus_o compose_v of_o many_o miriads_o of_o strong_a fibre_n of_o various_a order_n by_o most_o dense_a contexture_n compact_v and_o of_o various_a nerve_n intersper_v it_o require_v to_o be_v continual_o cherish_v with_o due_a heat_n as_o well_o without_o as_o within_z wherefore_o the_o heart_n have_v no_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o blood_n in_o which_o only_o the_o true_a calidum_fw-la innatum_fw-la the_o lar_n familiaris_fw-la reside_v nature_n have_v furnish_v it_o with_o two_o artery_n for_o its_o own_o peculiar_a use_n divide_v almost_o from_o their_o origine_fw-la into_o two_o trunk_n the_o orifice_n of_o which_o open_v themselves_o near_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi immediate_o without_o the_o valvulae_fw-la semilunare_n they_o be_v fit_o call_v coronary_a artery_n because_o their_o trunk_n do_v not_o present_o enter_v into_o the_o parenchyma_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o first_o make_v their_o tour_fw-fr or_o circuit_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o disperse_v their_o branch_n round_o the_o basis_n of_o it_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o crown_n or_o rather_o a_o diadem_n and_o though_o from_o their_o very_a original_n they_o divide_v and_o recede_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o to_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o heart_n yet_o they_o meet_v again_o in_o their_o extreme_a branch_n and_o by_o mutual_a anastomóse_n or_o inosculation_n communicate_v betwixt_o themselves_o so_o that_o if_o any_o liquor_n be_v inject_v into_o either_o of_o they_o it_o will_v in_o a_o moment_n appear_v to_o diffuse_v itself_o also_o through_o the_o other_o and_o this_o mutual_a communication_n seem_v to_o be_v design_v to_o a_o good_a end_n for_o since_o the_o necessity_n of_o influent_a heat_n or_o life_n be_v equal_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o necessity_n can_v not_o be_v more_o commodious_o satisfy_v any_o way_n than_o by_o this_o artifice_n of_o mutual_a inosculation_n betwixt_o the_o extremity_n of_o these_o two_o artery_n no_o soon_o have_v the_o blood_n thus_o import_v communicate_v its_o vital_a heat_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o it_o be_v thence_o export_v by_o the_o two_o coronary_a vein_n which_o in_o like_a manner_n encompass_v the_o heart_n and_o by_o their_o numerose_n emissary_n surcle_v imbibe_v the_o blood_n effuse_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n reduce_v it_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n thence_o to_o be_v bring_v through_o the_o lung_n back_o again_o into_o the_o left_a so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o private_a circulation_n in_o a_o small_a circuit_n institute_v for_o the_o peculiar_a benefit_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o the_o extreme_a surcle_n of_o the_o coronary_a artery_n be_v mutual_o inosculate_v so_o also_o be_v those_o of_o the_o coronary_a vein_n as_o be_v apparent_a from_o ocular_a inspection_n for_o if_o you_o take_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o calf_n or_o any_o other_o very_o young_a animal_n for_o in_o such_o these_o vessel_n be_v most_o easy_o discernible_a and_o with_o the_o back_n of_o a_o penknife_n gentle_o impel_v the_o blood_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o vein_n of_o one_o side_n into_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v the_o like_a mutual_a communication_n per_fw-la anastomôsin_fw-la betwixt_o capillary_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n beside_o the_o proper_a vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o describe_v there_o be_v annex_v to_o its_o basis_n also_o two_o subsidiary_a muscle_n hollow_a and_o round_o from_o thence_o call_v auriculae_fw-la cordis_fw-la frame_v with_o no_o less_o art_n than_o the_o heart_n itself_o though_o of_o less_o bulk_n for_o they_o be_v compose_v of_o robu_v fibre_n too_o and_o dispose_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o as_o their_o motion_n precede_v that_o of_o the_o heart_n so_o have_v they_o nerve_n from_o surcle_n of_o the_o eight_o pair_n before_o they_o reach_v to_o the_o heart_n itself_o beside_o their_o intermediate_v fleshy_a fibres_n which_o form_n little_a musculose_a column_n be_v elonge_v to_o opposite_a tendon_n for_o the_o tendon_n at_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v common_a also_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o it_o and_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o fulcrum_fw-la or_o prop_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n where_o it_o respect_v the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la it_o be_v firm_v by_o a_o hard_a and_o tendinose_n circle_n betwixt_o which_o two_o tendon_n the_o fibre_n tend_v to_o each_o be_v terminate_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o right_a ear_n of_o a_o human_a heart_n invert_v of_o these_o ear_n the_o right_n be_v always_o great_a than_o the_o left_a perhaps_o because_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v less_o rapid_a out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la into_o the_o left_a whither_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o coincident_a elasticity_n of_o the_o inspire_a air_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n shall_v be_v proportionate_o large_a to_o receive_v and_o transfund_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n a_o quantity_n of_o blood_n sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o office_n of_o these_o ear_n be_v like_o that_o of_o funnel_n to_o transmit_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la when_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o heart_n participate_v somewhat_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o muscle_n for_o there_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o fleshy_a circular_a fibre_n by_o which_o it_o be_v constringe_v and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n run_v through_o the_o canal_n thereof_o be_v urge_v the_o fast_a into_o the_o right_a ear_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o a_o gut_n or_o bladder_n be_v outward_o constringe_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v express_v and_o its_o regress_n hinder_v we_o have_v now_o survey_v the_o structure_n of_o this_o admirable_a machine_n the_o heart_n at_o least_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o render_v more_o plain_a and_o intelligible_a what_o i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o action_n thereof_o to_o which_o i_o now_o pass_v ¶_o ⸫_o evident_a it_o be_v both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n that_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n the_o whole_a fleshy_a substance_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v stretch_v and_o harden_v with_o very_o great_a force_n as_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v when_o they_o act_v and_o certain_o this_o tension_n and_o induration_n arise_v from_o the_o very_a structure_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o column_n of_o it_o and_o their_o
action_n and_o use_v of_o the_o ear_n and_o valve_n of_o the_o heart_n first_o discover_v by_o our_o immortal_a dr._n harvey_n and_o since_o confirm_v by_o various_a experiment_n of_o other_o excellent_a anatomist_n be_v then_o certain_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o endeavour_v to_o explore_v the_o mechanic_n cause_v of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v muscle_n round_o hollow_a and_o compose_v of_o fleshy_a fibre_n wound_v about_o spiral_o and_o intersect_v each_o the_o other_o decussatim_fw-la and_o because_o they_o end_v into_o little_a column_n and_o trench_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v frame_v therefore_o must_v they_o operate_v by_o the_o same_o mechanic_n necessity_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o the_o heart_n operate_v viz._n by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o press_n and_o by_o wedge_n insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o their_o fibre_n they_o must_v be_v swell_v and_o so_o constringed_a and_o consequent_o express_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o second_o that_o the_o constriction_n of_o these_o ear_n aught_o to_o precede_v the_o contraction_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n though_o both_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v perform_v at_o one_o time_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o true_a then_o either_o the_o ear_n and_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n or_o the_o heart_n be_v first_o constringe_v and_o then_o the_o ear_n if_o the_o first_o because_o the_o triangular_a valve_n have_v no_o use_n before_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v nor_o after_o the_o constriction_n of_o it_o be_v complete_a because_o the_o shut_n of_o the_o valve_n will_v be_v in_o vain_a when_o the_o blood_n can_v flow_v back_o and_o slow_a back_n it_o can_v before_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v because_o then_o the_o blood_n be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o ventricles_n and_o so_o can_v be_v impel_v by_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o after_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o expulsate_a blood_n can_v much_o less_o flow_v back_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o at_o what_o time_n the_o ventricles_n be_v constringe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o venose_n orifice_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_o shut_v by_o the_o triangular_a valve_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v impel_v not_o backward_o but_o forward_o into_o the_o artery_n but_o if_o at_o that_o same_o time_n the_o ear_n be_v constringe_v they_o will_v inevitable_o vomit_v out_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o into_o the_o ventricles_n and_o so_o open_a the_o clausure_n make_v by_o the_o triangular_a valve_n because_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v as_o to_o be_v open_v and_o dilate_a by_o the_o very_a come_n of_o the_o blood_n wherefore_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o blood_n will_v be_v impel_v by_o the_o ear_n into_o the_o heart_n and_o repel_v by_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o these_o two_o contrary_a motion_n will_v mutual_o destroy_v each_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v in_o vain_a beside_o when_o two_o outlet_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n open_a in_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o whole_a compressive_a force_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n which_o impel_v the_o two_o half_n of_o the_o blood_n one_o backward_o the_o other_o forward_o into_o the_o artery_n and_o therefore_o nature_n will_v foolish_o by_o a_o double_a endeavour_n attain_v but_o half_o her_o end_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o triangular_a valve_n will_v be_v whole_o useless_a since_o they_o will_v then_o urgente_a necessitate_v be_v open_a when_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v shut_v wherefore_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o ventricles_n shall_v be_v constringe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o natural_a order_n to_o be_v invert_v i._n e._n that_o first_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v and_o then_o the_o ear_n compress_v this_o will_v be_v much_o more_o absurd_a for_o half_a of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n will_v flow_v back_o into_o the_o ear_n on_o both_o side_n open_a and_o thence_o into_o the_o vein_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ear_n ought_v to_o precede_v and_o then_o immediate_o ought_v the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n to_o succeed_v and_o then_o all_o the_o operation_n proceed_v regular_o and_o compendious_o for_o the_o ear_n be_v compress_v first_o the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o vein_n be_v hinder_v next_o the_o blood_n be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o ear_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n three_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v shut_v by_o the_o constringed_a ear_n four_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v fill_v with_o blood_n and_o distend_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o triangular_a valve_n be_v expanded_a these_o action_n be_v in_o this_o order_n of_o succession_n do_v then_o in_o the_o five_o place_n follow_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o heart_n by_o which_o all_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o ventricles_n which_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o double_a clausure_n slow_a back_n be_v force_v to_o run_v forth_o by_o the_o open_a door_n of_o the_o artery_n three_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o the_o blood_n ought_v to_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la which_o be_v very_o ample_a into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o swift_a current_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o this_o reason_n a_o little_a ear_n be_v sufficient_a to_o transmit_v the_o blood_n so_o swift_o run_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o mitral_a valve_n also_o exact_o to_o shut_v the_o aperture_n of_o the_o heart_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o right_a ear_n the_o slowness_n of_o the_o blood_n influx_n ought_v to_o be_v compensated_a by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o canale_n and_o moreover_o because_o the_o right_a ear_n ought_v not_o only_o to_o close_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o also_o to_o impel_v rapid_o the_o slow_a pace_a blood_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n therefore_o nature_n have_v make_v the_o muscle_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n strong_a and_o large_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a four_o we_o may_v far_o gratify_v our_o curiosity_n by_o consider_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o triangular_a valve_n exact_o shut_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o because_o these_o membranose_a valve_n have_v their_o base_n fasten_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o circular_a tendon_n of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o flag_n be_v fasten_v to_o their_o staff_n and_o their_o other_o side_n be_v by_o many_o tendinose_a filament_n or_o string_n fasten_v to_o the_o fleshy_a teat_n in_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n as_o web_n of_o linen_n expose_v to_o the_o sun_n be_v keep_v upon_o the_o stretch_n by_o many_o small_a cord_n tie_v on_o each_o side_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o by_o the_o stream_n of_o blood_n rush_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v dilate_v and_o so_o these_o membranose_a valve_n which_o before_o be_v lax_n and_o flag_v be_v draw_v and_o expanded_a transvers_o so_o as_o to_o spread_v themselves_o through_o the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o orifice_n necessary_a it_o be_v therefore_o that_o the_o point_n and_o side_n of_o these_o triangular_a valve_n thus_o draw_v by_o the_o little_a cord_n decussated_a shall_v be_v conjoin_v and_o be_v conjoin_v make_v one_o conical_a superfice_n great_a than_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o orifice_n or_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o same_o cone_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n when_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v unite_v and_o therefore_o those_o little_a cord_n of_o the_o valve_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n relax_v and_o unite_v also_o and_o so_o the_o face_n of_o the_o triangular_a valve_n themselves_o must_v be_v unite_v and_o acquire_v a_o sinuose_fw-la or_o embow_v figure_n their_o superfice_n not_o diminish_v because_o their_o membrane_n be_v not_o contract_v whence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o blood_n fill_v the_o ventricle_n do_v by_o repel_v the_o membrane_n and_o inflate_v they_o bow_v they_o as_o the_o sail_n of_o ship_n swell_v by_o the_o wind_n be_v bow_v into_o a_o hollowness_n again_o since_o those_o membrane_n thus_o embow_v be_v transfer_v towards_o the_o tendinose_a orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o round_a area_n of_o
say_v that_o fibres_n when_o they_o act_v can_v possible_o exercise_v their_o force_n by_o their_o contraction_n and_o by_o draw_v their_o extreme_a term_n towards_o the_o middle_n because_o by_o a_o corrugation_n or_o shrink_v up_o into_o wrinkle_n of_o their_o length_n they_o must_v rather_o be_v relax_v therefore_o as_o a_o weight_n hang_v on_o to_o a_o lax_n cord_n can_v be_v raise_v thereby_o while_o the_o cord_n continue_v lax_n so_o by_o fibres_fw-fr lax_n and_o corrugate_v can_v the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v violent_o draw_v together_o and_o conjoin_v second_o but_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fibrose_a spire_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o wound_v about_o tortuosè_fw-la with_o turn_n and_o wind_n quite_o home_o to_o the_o ventricles_n but_o extend_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n into_o the_o ventricles_n and_o there_o bind_v together_o into_o those_o fasciculi_fw-la or_o sheaf_v which_o compose_v many_o little_a cylinder_n or_o cord_n then_o indeed_o a_o man_n may_v think_v that_o by_o simple_a contraction_n of_o the_o fibre_n those_o little_a cylinder_n may_v be_v total_o shorten_v and_o so_o the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v bring_v to_o meet_v together_o but_o this_o be_v evident_o impossible_a because_o in_o such_o a_o position_n there_o must_v necessary_o be_v admit_v a_o corrugation_n of_o the_o whole_a concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o heart_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o base_n of_o those_o little_a column_n or_o cord_n and_o therefore_o innumerable_a fibres_n there_o contex_v must_v be_v crowd_v up_o together_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n corrugate_v i._n e._n relax_v and_o by_o consequence_n can_v not_o act_v by_o their_o tense_n contraction_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o supposition_n beside_o in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v find_v but_o very_o few_o of_o those_o little_a cylinder_n or_o column_n and_o therefore_o this_o subterfuge_n can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o yet_o far_o a_o total_a decurtation_n of_o those_o same_o column_n or_o cord_n can_v not_o be_v make_v unless_o the_o length_n of_o the_o spire_n end_v in_o the_o column_n themselves_o run_v out_o betwixt_o other_o fibre_n as_o into_o sheath_n or_o about_o pulley_n neither_o of_o which_o contrivance_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v with_o decussated_a direction_n contex_v and_o so_o close_o and_o firm_o bind_v among_o themselves_o that_o they_o can_v by_o various_a and_o contrary_a motion_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o run_v out_o among_o other_o fibre_n embrace_v they_o in_o fine_a that_o the_o tension_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v solve_v by_o a_o simple_a contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v common_o imagine_v may_v be_v sufficient_o evince_v even_o from_o this_o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n which_o when_o they_o act_v be_v true_o contract_v be_v sensible_o diminish_v rather_o than_o augment_v but_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o heart_n while_o it_o act_n be_v augment_v since_o the_o cavity_n or_o ventricles_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o fleshy_a substance_n the_o outward_a figure_n of_o the_o whole_a heart_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n unchanged_a and_o undiminish_a wherefore_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n quod_fw-la erat_fw-la probandum_fw-la hence_o arise_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v not_o because_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v shorten_v but_o because_o their_o side-wall_n be_v bring_v near_o each_o to_o the_o other_o so_o as_o almost_o to_o touch_v this_o appear_v from_o the_o very_a position_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o its_o operation_n for_o the_o left_a ventricle_n dissect_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n be_v you_o see_v extend_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o heart_n from_o the_o basis_n down_o to_o the_o cone_n which_o end_v into_o a_o sharp_a point_a and_o slender_a wall_n and_o since_o the_o external_a figure_n of_o the_o heart_n while_o it_o beat_v be_v not_o shorten_v therefore_o neither_o be_v the_o length_n of_o this_o cavity_n diminish_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o cavity_n be_v not_o bring_v near_o to_o the_o cone_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o base_a and_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v at_o all_o be_v inflate_v and_o incrassated_a because_o the_o base_a want_n fibres_n and_o be_v entire_o destitute_a of_o flesh_n as_o be_v whole_o occupy_v by_o the_o four_o ample_a orifice_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o cone_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o slender_a therefore_o the_o cavity_n can_v be_v fill_v by_o inflation_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o basis_n and_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n it_o remain_v then_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o the_o cavity_n be_v fill_v by_o inflation_n of_o the_o side-wall_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v very_o thick_a full_a of_o fibres_n and_o therefore_o easy_o capable_a of_o inflation_n last_o as_o be_v say_v before_o if_o a_o man_n put_v his_o finger_n into_o a_o hole_n make_v by_o incision_n in_o either_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o any_o animal_n yet_o live_v he_o shall_v perceive_v a_o strong_a constriction_n of_o the_o side-wall_n but_o none_o of_o the_o basis_n and_o cone_n tend_v to_o their_o approximation_n one_o towards_o the_o other_o by_o this_o consectary_n thus_o verify_v we_o be_v lead_v to_o understand_v the_o mechanic_n reason_n of_o this_o operation_n that_o by_o mechanic_n necessity_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v shorten_v may_v be_v far_o prove_v thus_o because_o a_o contraction_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o a_o contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n therefore_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o want_n fibres_n will_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o contraction_n but_o of_o that_o immense_a multitude_n of_o fibres_n descend_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thousand_o part_n attain_v to_o the_o cone_n because_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v there_o connect_v they_o will_v be_v accumulate_v stratum_fw-la super_fw-la strato_fw-la make_v the_o acuminate_v and_o thin_a wall_n of_o huge_a depth_n or_o thickness_n whereas_o now_o that_o wall_n be_v very_o slender_a in_o such_o a_o situation_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fibre_n that_o be_v spiral_n be_v weave_v together_o and_o reflect_v into_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o transversal_a circuit_n before_o they_o reach_v to_o the_o cone_n ergo_fw-la they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o basis_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o length_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v not_o be_v shorten_v but_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o the_o side-wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v bring_v to_o meet_v be_v this_o because_o almost_o all_o the_o innumerable_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n be_v wound_v oblique_o and_o transvers_o about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o of_o they_o be_v compose_v very_o many_o layer_n one_o above_o another_o like_o membrane_n but_o when_o the_o fibre_n of_o any_o layer_n be_v inflate_v or_o huff_v up_o they_o touch_v each_o the_o other_o lateral_o and_o lie_v in_o one_o superfice_n will_v of_o necessity_n crowd_n and_o press_v each_o the_o other_o lateral_o and_o so_o thrust_v each_o the_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o urge_v they_o far_o viz._n sideways_o towards_o the_o basis_n and_o towards_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o basis_n and_o the_o cone_n ought_v to_o be_v rather_o augment_v but_o because_o the_o other_o external_a fibres_n oblique_o encompass_v and_o close_o gird_v the_o transverse_n and_o intersect_v they_o decussatim_fw-la hinder_v their_o elongation_n and_o protuberance_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o inflation_n of_o the_o fibre_n ought_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o swell_v inward_o towards_o the_o cavity_n and_o so_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v puff_v up_o must_v be_v bring_v near_o together_o moreover_o the_o septum_fw-la cordis_fw-la or_o partition-wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o transverse_n fibres_n will_v not_o be_v shorten_v by_o their_o inflation_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o be_v much_o augment_v and_o the_o outward_a wall_n ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v inflate_v inward_o towards_o the_o internal_a cavity_n therefore_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o opposite_a wall_n ought_v to_o meet_v the_o basis_n remain_v always_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o cone_n quod_fw-la erat_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la hence_o we_o may_v deduce_v this_o genuine_a consectary_n that_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o opposite_a inside_n of_o the_o wall_n
of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o sole_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o they_o into_o the_o artery_n for_o the_o swell_a or_o incrassation_n of_o these_o opposite_a wall_n be_v all_o inward_a towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o withal_o so_o great_a as_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n be_v on_o all_o side_n vehement_o compress_v give_v way_n and_o flow_v forth_o through_o the_o aperture_n or_o orifice_n by_o nature_n provide_v for_o its_o efflux_n the_o resistance_n of_o the_o fluid_a blood_n hold_v very_o little_a proportion_n to_o the_o mighty_a force_n of_o the_o solid_a compress_v it_o but_o so_o grand_a a_o intumescence_n of_o the_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v make_v than_o by_o a_o great_a swell_a and_o turgency_n of_o its_o fibre_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n double_o great_a than_o in_o the_o diastole_n this_o be_v grant_v i_o consider_v that_o the_o external_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n exercise_v very_o great_a force_n not_o by_o shorten_v themselves_o but_o by_o resist_a distraction_n as_o the_o iron_n hoop_n of_o a_o hogshead_n that_o the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o augment_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o be_v inflate_v in_o their_o concave_a part_n or_o under_o side_n as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o thread_n of_o a_o glome_z be_v and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o internal_a fibres_fw-fr when_o they_o be_v swell_v and_o incrassated_a exercise_v very_o great_a force_n by_o make_v fold_n and_o turgid_a wrinkle_n so_o tense_n and_o rigid_a that_o they_o do_v the_o office_n of_o wedge_n by_o which_o not_o only_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v fill_v up_o but_o the_o blood_n therein_o contain_v be_v by_o vehement_a compression_n squirt_v out_o by_o a_o motion_n very_o much_o resemble_v that_o by_o which_o we_o spurt_v plum-stone_n with_o our_o thumb_n and_o forefinger_n compress_v they_o behind_o but_o the_o slender_a fleshy_a column_n hold_v in_o the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o incrassated_a and_o withal_o shorten_v their_o fibre_n be_v swell_v and_o corrugate_v to_o help_v fill_v up_o the_o cavity_n yet_o they_o exercise_v great_a force_n to_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o wedge_n they_o exercise_v none_o towards_o the_o draw_v together_o the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n because_o themselves_o be_v lax_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o corrugation_n and_o shrink_n of_o the_o length_n of_o their_o fibre_n and_o beside_o this_o they_o can_v never_o exact_o conjoin_v the_o opposite_a wall_n because_o be_v of_o a_o musculose_a constitution_n they_o can_v be_v total_o shorten_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o muscle_n be_v such_o as_o suffer_v not_o contraction_n great_a than_o the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o length_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o these_o musculose_a column_n serve_v as_o cord_n to_o retain_v and_o conserve_v the_o due_a disposition_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o immoderate_a distension_n and_o distraction_n of_o the_o ventricles_n which_o too_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o blood_n rush_v into_o they_o out_o of_o the_o vein_n may_v otherwise_o cause_v final_o the_o papillae_fw-la or_o little_a fleshy_a teat_n stand_v up_o within_o the_o ventricles_n and_o to_o which_o the_o membranose_a filament_n of_o the_o triangular_a valve_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v fasten_v do_v also_o act_v their_o part_n in_o this_o scene_n not_o only_o by_o admit_v the_o like_a inflation_n of_o their_o fibre_n but_o also_o by_o firm_o erect_v themselves_o ad_fw-la instar_fw-la penis_fw-la all_o these_o thing_n be_v verify_v in_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n where_o be_v not_o find_v a_o equal_a number_n of_o column_n the_o constriction_n be_v make_v by_o incrassation_n of_o the_o external_a wall_n namely_o by_o inflation_n and_o decurtation_n of_o the_o fibre_n thereof_o so_o that_o the_o hollow_a crookedness_n of_o it_o by_o swell_v inward_a come_v near_o to_o a_o plane_n and_o the_o arch_n within_o become_v straight_o also_o the_o inflation_n and_o swell_a of_o the_o septum_fw-la cordis_fw-la or_o middle_a wall_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o great_a thickness_n natural_o contribute_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o repletion_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n for_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o convex_a superfice_n thereof_o do_v become_v more_o prominent_a and_o stretch_v out_o whence_o that_o space_n resemble_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o concave_a lens_n be_v fill_v up_o and_o the_o wall_n mutual_o touch_v the_o circuit_n of_o the_o lenticular_a cavity_n remain_v still_o the_o same_o now_o this_o whole_a operation_n be_v exact_o conform_v to_o the_o institute_n of_o nature_n which_o primary_o fill_v and_o amplify_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o spongy_a fibres_fw-fr by_o the_o humectation_n above_o explain_v from_o which_o she_o attain_v to_o a_o double_a effect_n for_o in_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n that_o swell_a of_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o fibre_n produce_v a_o secundary_a effect_n which_o be_v the_o decurtation_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o the_o strong_a traction_n of_o the_o joint_n but_o in_o the_o heart_n from_o the_o very_a inflation_n of_o the_o fibre_n and_o consequent_a incrassation_n of_o the_o wall_n she_o effect_n the_o repletion_n of_o the_o ventricles_n but_o the_o machine_n be_v the_o same_o in_o both_o namely_o the_o force_n of_o a_o wedge_n dilate_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o fibre_n but_o that_o this_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o make_v by_o a_o spiral_n contorsion_n or_o twist_v of_o the_o heart_n such_o as_o that_o by_o which_o water_n be_v common_o squeeze_v out_o of_o a_o wet_a napkin_n as_o some_o late_a writer_n cord_n have_v think_v be_v easy_o to_o be_v prove_v i_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v most_o true_a that_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o heart_n no_o less_o than_o the_o wring_n of_o water_n out_o of_o a_o wet_a cloth_n be_v make_v by_o constriction_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o pore_n which_o be_v fill_v by_o the_o fluid_a but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o deny_v that_o such_o a_o constriction_n be_v make_v in_o the_o heart_n and_o such_o a_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n thence_o by_o the_o same_o cause_n the_o same_o organ_n and_o the_o same_o mechanic_n action_n by_o which_o water_n be_v squeeze_v out_o of_o wreathe_v linen_n for_o in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n before_o its_o contorsion_n the_o thread_n be_v all_o lax_n and_o therefore_o they_o admit_v many_o interstice_n that_o may_v be_v fill_v with_o little_a drop_n of_o water_n afterwards_o the_o cloth_n be_v strong_o twist_v the_o thread_n be_v force_v to_o make_v many_o circuit_n about_o the_o twist_n of_o almost_o the_o same_o altitude_n and_o so_o they_o must_v not_o only_o be_v much_o elonge_v in_o those_o prolix_a gire_n but_o also_o extenuate_v and_o stretch_v and_o consequent_o their_o side_n be_v make_v smooth_a by_o extension_n of_o their_o fold_n and_o wrinkle_n will_v mutual_o touch_v and_o their_o interstice_n vanish_v whence_o the_o little_a drop_n of_o water_n that_o be_v in_o they_o before_o will_v present_o be_v squeeze_v out_o but_o in_o the_o heart_n the_o repletion_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v perform_v in_o a_o manner_n far_o different_a from_o this_o for_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n the_o bulk_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o extenuate_v or_o diminish_v but_o rather_o augment_v in_o a_o double_a proportion_n nor_o be_v the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n elonge_v but_o rather_o contract_v as_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o muscle_n require_v the_o same_o fibre_n do_v not_o mutual_o touch_v nor_o be_v their_o interstice_n fill_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o violent_a traction_n and_o extension_n but_o of_o their_o inflation_n notwithstanding_o this_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spiral_n disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o they_o serve_v to_o the_o firm_a bind_n or_o hoop_v as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o wall_n thereof_o that_o the_o face_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o heart_n may_v continue_v still_o the_o same_o which_o nature_n have_v provide_v for_o also_o by_o girth_n of_o other_o fibre_n wound_v round_o about_o from_o the_o external_a tendinose_n orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o column_n within_o and_o with_o admirable_a artifice_n decussated_a and_o weave_v together_o and_o thus_o we_o have_v make_v good_a our_o
proposition_n that_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o constriction_n of_o its_o ventricles_n and_o the_o consequent_a compression_n and_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o not_o by_o a_o contorsion_n of_o its_o spiral_n fibres_n but_o by_o a_o inflation_n and_o corrugation_n of_o they_o here_o some_o perhaps_o may_v be_v willing_a to_o propose_v to_o i_o this_o question_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o systole_n or_o act_n of_o pulsation_n neither_o the_o exterior_a superfice_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v augment_v nor_o the_o cone_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o towards_o the_o basis_n both_o which_o we_o have_v assert_v how_o then_o come_v it_o that_o in_o every_o systole_n the_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n knock_v against_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o breast_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v because_o the_o heart_n be_v hang_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n by_o strong_a ligament_n and_o yet_o in_o every_o systole_n be_v bring_v to_o touch_v and_o strike_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o breast_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o be_v do_v either_o by_o a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n or_o by_o local_a motion_n and_o translation_n of_o it_o or_o by_o erection_n of_o the_o whole_a or_o by_o flexion_n and_o incurvation_n of_o the_o cone_n thereof_o and_o as_o our_o observation_n and_o experience_n reject_v the_o three_o former_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n so_o it_o oblige_v we_o to_o embrace_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o last_o wherefore_o it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o investigate_v the_o mechanic_n reason_n of_o this_o effect_n which_o seem_v to_o depend_v first_o upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o crooked_a gut_n tie_v about_o with_o a_o thread_n and_o not_o whole_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v direct_o or_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v towards_o 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erection_n of_o the_o heart_n lie_v oblique_o partly_o by_o the_o situation_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v wind_v about_o oblique_o and_o spiral_o from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o cone_n whence_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n when_o the_o fibre_n be_v shorten_v the_o cone_n may_v be_v a_o little_a distort_a and_o erect_v by_o the_o fasciculus_fw-la or_o combination_n of_o fibres_n forward_o towards_o the_o left_a side_n and_o so_o the_o percussion_n may_v be_v make_v seneca_n as_o you_o may_v remember_v in_o epist_n 57_o most_o elegant_o describe_v first_o the_o inevitable_a horror_n that_o invade_v he_o while_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o dust_n and_o darkness_n a_o darkness_n so_o thick_a as_o even_o to_o be_v see_v of_o the_o crypta_fw-la neapolitana_n now_o name_v the_o grot_n of_o pausilype_n in_o the_o way_n between_o naples_n and_o putzole_n and_o then_o the_o cheerfulness_n he_o call_v it_o alacritatem_fw-la incogitatam_fw-la &_o injussam_fw-la that_o return_v to_o his_o mind_n upon_o the_o first_o sight_n of_o the_o restore_a light_n the_o same_o surprise_a alacrity_n methinks_v i_o now_o feel_v within_o myself_o after_o my_o passage_n through_o the_o no_o less_o darkness_n in_o which_o nature_n have_v through_o a_o long_a series_n of_o age_n involve_v her_o great_a secret_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n make_v more_o obscure_a by_o the_o dust_n of_o man_n various_a opinion_n and_o my_o arrive_v at_o the_o light_n of_o knowledge_n both_o what_o be_v the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o by_o what_o mechanic_n necessity_n that_o action_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o ardour_n of_o this_o alacrity_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o use_n and_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o its_o valve_n the_o end_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o heart_n be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o great_a animal_n musculose_o round_o about_o that_o the_o trunk_n of_o it_o may_v be_v constringe_v as_o sphincter_n be_v close_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o circular_a fibre_n but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_n want_v the_o like_a fulciment_n and_o therefore_o can_v constringe_v itself_o then_o both_o these_o vein_n end_v into_o the_o musculose_a ear_n which_o be_v hollow_a like_o little_a bag_n affix_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o who_o structure_n much_o resemble_v that_o by_o which_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v contex_v in_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o it_o for_o the_o ear_n also_o consist_v of_o fleshy_a fibres_n intersect_v each_o other_o like_o a_o st._n andrews_n cross_n which_o within_o be_v bind_v together_o into_o many_o little_a cylindrical_a column_n and_o trench_n connect_v the_o side_n of_o the_o bag_n to_o these_o ear_n succeed_v three_o membrane_n in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o two_o in_o the_o left_a which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a strong_a contexture_n of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n the_o base_n of_o which_o be_v close_o affix_v to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n then_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o middle_a space_n of_o these_o little_a membrane_n be_v branch_v within_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o many_o little_a tendinose_n string_n or_o cord_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o papillae_fw-la or_o teat_n that_o stand_v point_v upward_o place_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n now_o this_o admirable_a structure_n be_v know_v let_v we_o inquire_v the_o design_n or_o use_v of_o it_o first_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la seem_v not_o to_o be_v make_v musculose_o for_o strength_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v break_v by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o blood_n rush_v in_o but_o rather_o by_o its_o constriction_n to_o protrude_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o oblique_a sinus_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n and_o to_o render_v the_o same_o turgid_a which_o action_n be_v help_v by_o the_o peristaltic_a constriction_n of_o the_o whole_a trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o viscera_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o be_v yesterday_o demonstrate_v when_o we_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o blood_n impel_v through_o the_o open_a aperture_n of_o the_o ear_n fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o run_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o by_o the_o like_a necessity_n the_o blood_n flow_v out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la into_o the_o left_a ear_n and_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o ear_n fill_v and_o distend_v with_o blood_n but_o they_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n constringe_v themselves_o by_o a_o contractive_a and_o compressive_a action_n common_a to_o all_o muscle_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o order_n that_o first_o by_o shut_v their_o aperture_n they_o hinder_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o same_o vein_n out_o of_o which_o it_o come_v in_o then_o by_o the_o great_a force_n of_o compression_n they_o squeeze_v it_o into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n until_o they_o be_v fill_v and_o make_v turgid_a to_o this_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o compression_n of_o the_o press_n of_o the_o heart_n itself_o by_o which_o the_o blood_n itself_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o abundance_n inflate_v and_o distend_v the_o triangular_a and_o mitral_a valve_n exact_o shut_v the_o orifice_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o so_o prevent_v its_o own_o recoil_n into_o they_o whence_o it_o be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o the_o same_o blood_n be_v express_v into_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n or_o vena_fw-la arterialis_fw-la and_o into_o the_o aorta_fw-la these_o be_v the_o
solid_a meat_n and_o together_o with_o the_o drink_n serve_v as_o a_o fit_a menstruum_fw-la to_o extract_v the_o laudable_a and_o alimentary_a part_n of_o they_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la tincturae_fw-la but_o this_o liquation_n of_o solid_a meat_n in_o the_o stomach_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o motion_n placid_a gentle_a and_o imperceptible_a in_o the_o state_n of_o health_n not_o by_o those_o violent_a commotion_n and_o irrequiet_a agitation_n that_o always_o proceed_v from_o and_o accompany_v ferment_n proper_o so_o call_v during_o their_o work_n as_o all_o man_n that_o enjoy_v good_a health_n feed_v sober_o and_o keep_v a_o regular_a course_n of_o diet_n may_v easy_o observe_v in_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o this_o acid_n phlegm_n can_v proper_o and_o in_o philosophical_a strictness_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o family_n of_o ferment_n the_o same_o may_v with_o equal_a reason_n be_v say_v also_o of_o the_o bile_n and_o pancreatic_a juice_n commix_v in_o the_o duodenum_fw-la they_o may_v perhaps_o conduce_v somewhat_o to_o the_o far_a attenuation_n and_o exaltation_n of_o the_o chyle_n they_o may_v also_o promote_v both_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o nutritive_a from_o the_o excrementitious_a part_n of_o the_o same_o chyle_n and_o the_o insinuation_n and_o permeation_n of_o the_o former_a through_o the_o coat_n or_o membrane_n of_o the_o gut_n into_o the_o milky_a vein_n all_o this_o they_o may_v do_v and_o yet_o not_o by_o way_n of_o fermentation_n whereof_o there_o be_v neither_o necessity_n nor_o sense_n in_o statu_fw-la sanitatis_fw-la and_o to_o argue_v from_o a_o preternatural_a state_n to_o a_o natural_a be_v a_o paralogism_n now_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o so_o much_o celebrate_v ferment_n have_v any_o more_o right_a to_o that_o denomination_n than_o what_o be_v precarious_o derive_v from_o some_o remote_a and_o slender_a analogy_n or_o semblance_n imagine_v to_o be_v betwixt_o their_o nature_n quality_n and_o effect_n and_o those_o observe_v in_o genuine_a and_o true_a ferment_n as_o certain_o neither_o of_o they_o yet_o appear_v to_o have_v what_o ought_v we_o to_o think_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o invisible_a ferment_n suppose_v to_o reside_v in_o place_n where_o hitherto_o they_o have_v never_o be_v find_v why_o may_v we_o not_o till_o they_o shall_v be_v by_o anatomical_a and_o other_o convince_a experiment_n show_v to_o we_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v existence_n no_o where_o but_o in_o the_o brain_n of_o fanciful_a man_n for_o my_o part_n i_o blush_v not_o even_o in_o this_o venerable_a assembly_n of_o most_o learned_a man_n where_o i_o have_v as_o many_o judge_n as_o auditor_n open_o to_o profess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o this_o belief_n because_o the_o non_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr non_fw-la existentibus_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratio_fw-la est_fw-la and_o because_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o eminent_a member_n of_o this_o first_o and_o more_o ancient_a royal_a society_n a_o man_n renown_v over_o all_o europe_n for_o his_o philosophical_a and_o anatomical_a write_n deliver_v this_o judgement_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o natural_a ferment_n fancy_v to_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n that_o they_o be_v a_o new-found_a asylum_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la i_o say_v of_o natural_a ferment_n lest_o what_o i_o have_v say_v shall_v be_v detort_v to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o preternatural_a fermentation_n which_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v incident_a sometime_o to_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n more_o signal_o in_o fever_n and_o some_o other_o acute_a disease_n though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o often_o as_o vulgar_a physician_n imagine_v what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v may_v perchance_o seem_v to_o some_o of_o my_o auditor_n to_o be_v a_o digression_n and_o they_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v make_v my_o first_o step_n in_o a_o wrong_a path_n i_o be_o therefore_o oblige_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n to_o advertise_v they_o that_o have_v propose_v to_o myself_o to_o inquire_v strict_o into_o the_o natural_a necessity_n or_o mechanical_a reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o find_v the_o aforesaid_a comment_n of_o ferment_n lie_v like_o a_o block_n in_o my_o way_n i_o think_v it_o concern_v i_o rather_o to_o remove_v than_o to_o leap_v over_o it_o and_o leave_v it_o for_o other_o to_o stumble_v at_o for_o some_o there_o be_v and_o those_o too_o man_n who_o name_n be_v deserve_o celebrate_v for_o their_o profound_a knowledge_n both_o in_o anatomy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n ferment_n who_o in_o their_o book_n have_v profess_o teach_v that_o even_o the_o blood_n itself_o the_o seat_n of_o life_n also_o undergo_v a_o certain_a natural_a fermentation_n in_o the_o heart_n lung_n and_o great_a artery_n as_o necessary_a to_o its_o perfection_n and_o vitality_n a_o doctrine_n which_o to_o i_o i_o profess_v seem_v very_o improbable_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n improbable_a first_o because_o of_o all_o the_o various_a liquor_n find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n in_o statu_fw-la naturae_fw-la the_o blood_n seem_v of_o itself_o least_o prone_a to_o fermentation_n which_o be_v incident_a chief_o if_o not_o sole_o to_o new_a and_o musty_a liquor_n whereas_o the_o great_a part_n by_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n be_v old_a and_o by_o repeat_v circulation_n well_o defaecate_v in_o its_o proper_a emunctory_n and_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o by_o consequence_n need_v no_o fermentation_n true_a it_o be_v indeed_o that_o new_a chyle_n be_v ever_o now_o and_o then_o bring_v into_o the_o rivulet_n of_o the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o common_a cistern_n thereof_o by_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la and_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n for_o a_o recruit_v but_o in_o a_o quantity_n so_o small_a a_o few_o drop_n perhaps_o at_o once_o for_o more_o will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o bear_v a_o just_a proportion_n either_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o chyle_n which_o be_v but_o little_a or_o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n lead_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n as_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o perturb_v and_o excite_v a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o blood_n with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v if_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o chyle_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n at_o one_o time_n certain_o the_o blood_n will_v soon_o lose_v its_o native_a purple_a and_o put_v on_o the_o white_a livery_n of_o the_o chyle_n especial_o in_o the_o descend_a part_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la where_o the_o commixture_n be_v first_o make_v which_o yet_o no_o anatomist_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v ever_o observe_v second_o when_o ferment_n be_v commix_v with_o liquor_n consist_v of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n they_o be_v general_o slow_a in_o exert_v their_o power_n and_o by_o degree_n insinuate_v and_o diffuse_v their_o active_a particle_n through_o the_o whole_a mass_n before_o they_o can_v so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o raise_v a_o universal_a commotion_n and_o tumult_n in_o they_o as_o common_a experience_n testify_v but_o the_o new_o commix_v chyle_n and_o blood_n be_v in_o a_o moment_n at_o most_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o few_o pulse_n of_o the_o heart_n rapt_v out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la first_o into_o the_o right_a ear_n and_o then_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n so_o that_o here_o be_v no_o morula_fw-la no_o competent_a space_n of_o time_n give_v to_o excite_v a_o actual_a fermentation_n three_o here_o be_v want_v also_o convenient_a place_n to_o all_o fermentation_n be_v require_v fit_a room_n wherein_o the_o liquor_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o undergo_v a_o impetuose_fw-la commotion_n and_o agitation_n of_o all_o their_o dissimilar_v and_o contra_a particle_n nor_o will_v the_o must_v of_o wine_n itself_o ever_o ferment_n if_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a and_o strong_a cask_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o make_n of_o stum_n but_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o heart_n and_o artery_n be_v fill_v with_o blood_n even_o to_o distension_n till_o by_o their_o systole_n they_o squirt_v it_o forth_o and_o then_o in_o the_o next_o moment_n they_o be_v replenish_v what_o room_n then_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o blood_n to_o ferment_n in_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o its_o own_o constitution_n unapt_a to_o ferment_n as_o bear_v a_o great_a analogy_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o milk_n than_o to_o that_o of_o wine_n whatever_o the_o willisians_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o see_v that_o neither_o the_o small_a supply_n of_o chyle_n which_o it_o daily_o receive_v be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v nor_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o praecordia_fw-la nor_o the_o want_n of_o convenient_a room_n permit_v a_o fermentation_n what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o assent_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o teach_v that_o a_o fermentation_n of_o the_o blood_n
act_v continual_o but_o interrupt_o or_o per_fw-la vice_n short_a and_o almost_o isochronic_a or_o equal_a quiet_n interpose_v so_o that_o the_o blood_n express_v by_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o flow_v thence_o in_o a_o continue_a course_n as_o river_n and_o fountain_n do_v that_o be_v without_o intermission_n carry_v on_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o water_n but_o gush_v forth_o and_o stop_v alternate_o though_o this_o vicissitude_n be_v exact_o regular_a and_o proceed_v in_o a_o constant_a order_n now_o these_o thing_n consider_v it_o may_v seem_v consentaneous_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n can_v be_v continuus_fw-la since_o two_o pause_n or_o quiet_n be_v interpose_v betwixt_o every_o two_o pulsation_n or_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n during_o each_o of_o which_o the_o motion_n cease_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v and_o call_v a_o interrupt_a and_o mix_v motion_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o verisimilitude_n of_o this_o conclusion_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o lay_v down_o and_o expose_v to_o your_o examination_n this_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o blood_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o round_a through_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n in_o a_o true_o continue_v and_o never_o interrupt_v motion_n this_o perhaps_o may_v sound_v like_o a_o paradox_n but_o that_o shall_v not_o a-whit_n discourage_v i_o from_o assert_v it_o while_o i_o remember_v that_o remarkable_a sentence_n of_o minutius_n felix_n in_o octavio_n inest_fw-la &_o in_fw-la incredibili_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o in_o verisimili_fw-la mendacium_fw-la though_o it_o be_v true_a and_o evident_a that_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o pause_n express_v any_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o artery_n in_o the_o viscera_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o in_o the_o vein_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n stagnate_n and_o stop_v its_o course_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v always_o carry_v on_o in_o its_o journey_n though_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n first_o the_o verity_n of_o this_o appear_v in_o the_o artery_n for_o the_o afflux_n of_o blood_n from_o the_o heart_n be_v whole_o intercept_v either_o by_o a_o ligature_n apply_v to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o its_o original_n or_o by_o cut_v out_o the_o heart_n itself_o as_o be_v common_o do_v in_o frog_n and_o viper_n we_o see_v that_o nevertheless_o the_o blood_n wherewith_o the_o artery_n be_v fill_v be_v by_o degree_n squeeze_v out_o so_o that_o they_o be_v soon_o after_o leave_v altogether_o empty_a and_o doubtless_o this_o exinanition_n of_o the_o artery_n happen_v because_o they_o by_o their_o own_o spontaneous_a motion_n constringe_v themselves_o and_o contract_v their_o circular_a fibre_n express_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o part_n and_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n compress_v also_o by_o the_o contraction_n and_o tension_n or_o the_o peristaltic_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o vulgar_a phaenomenon_n viz._n the_o emptiness_n of_o the_o artery_n in_o dead_a body_n the_o ancient_n perhaps_o take_v occasion_n to_o believe_v and_o teach_v that_o not_o blood_n but_o only_o vital_a spirit_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o artery_n second_o this_o appear_v also_o in_o the_o vein_n for_o that_o the_o blood_n do_v continual_o flow_v on_o in_o they_o likewise_o not_o only_a when_o it_o be_v urge_v forward_o by_o the_o arterial_a blood_n pursue_v it_o but_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o heart_n pause_n be_v evince_v from_o this_o that_o then_o the_o blood_n run_v on_o through_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la to_o replenish_v the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o why_o do_v i_o misspend_v time_n in_o allege_v reason_n to_o prove_v a_o truth_n that_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n in_o phlebotomy_n no_o soon_o be_v a_o vein_n open_v than_o the_o blood_n flow_v forth_o with_o a_o swift_a stream_n and_o while_o the_o wound_n be_v open_a continues_z to_o flow_v without_o pause_n or_o interruption_n which_o be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o thing_n propose_v viz._n of_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n be_v thus_o assure_v of_o the_o effect_n let_v we_o proceed_v to_o investigate_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o equal_o evident_a nor_o can_v we_o hope_v certain_o to_o solve_v this_o problem_n without_o inquire_v the_o mechanical_a reason_n of_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o vein_n this_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o attempt_v to_o do_v that_o nature_n have_v institute_v no_o immediate_a communication_n betwixt_o the_o capillary_a artery_n and_o the_o capillary_a vein_n per_fw-la anastomôsin_fw-la be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n and_o now_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o learned_a anatomist_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v stand_v with_o reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o blood_n in_o its_o circular_a course_n be_v emit_v immediate_o out_o of_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n these_o vessel_n be_v separate_a and_o though_o we_o opine_n that_o there_o be_v some_o secret_a communication_n betwixt_o the_o extreme_a orifice_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o those_o of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n by_o the_o intermediate_v spongy_a substance_n of_o the_o flesh_n viscera_n and_o glandule_n or_o by_o the_o cribrose_n substance_n of_o the_o bone_n as_o by_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o pumice_n stone_n yet_o we_o be_v still_o to_o seek_v by_o what_o motive_n force_v the_o blood_n may_v be_v carry_v on_o from_o those_o intermediate_v porosity_n and_o insinuate_v into_o the_o vein_n first_o because_o it_o be_v consentaneous_a that_o the_o impulsive_a force_n whereby_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n squirt_n the_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n be_v by_o degree_n weaken_v and_o at_o length_n languid_a in_o those_o straits_n of_o the_o extreme_a vessel_n and_o of_o the_o intermediate_v porosity_n second_o because_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n can_v continue_v always_o open_a and_o dilate_v their_o consistence_n be_v not_o hard_a and_o bony_a but_o membranose_n soft_a and_o slippery_a so_o that_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v close_v by_o connive_v and_o consequent_o to_o hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o blood_n new_o arrive_v three_o because_o here_o we_o can_v have_v no_o recourse_n to_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o viscera_n and_o the_o muscle_n whereby_o the_o blood_n shall_v be_v squeeze_v into_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o capillary_a vein_n not_o only_a when_o the_o muscle_n be_v invigorate_v and_o upon_o the_o stretch_n but_o also_o when_o they_o be_v quiet_a and_o relax_v and_o do_v not_o exercise_v their_o compressive_a power_n as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o sleep_n when_o the_o circulation_n proceed_v without_o intermission_n this_o be_v confirm_v from_o hence_o that_o in_o the_o brain_n in_o the_o medullary_a substance_n of_o the_o bone_n where_o no_o compression_n can_v be_v admit_v the_o capillary_a vein_n receive_v the_o blood_n as_o free_o as_o in_o the_o soft_a flesh_n itself_o see_v then_o that_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v deny_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o blood_n effuse_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n be_v after_o absorb_v and_o carry_v off_o by_o the_o vein_n to_o be_v bring_v back_o again_o into_o the_o heart_n and_o see_v also_o that_o this_o be_v not_o effect_v by_o way_n of_o attraction_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o attraction_n in_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o elsewhere_o prove_v we_o be_v compel_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o capillary_a vein_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o by_o the_o same_o mechanic_n action_n by_o which_o syphon_n sponge_n filtre_n chord_n and_o all_o porose_a body_n be_v penetrate_v by_o water_n with_o which_o they_o be_v moisten_v which_o power_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_n itself_o which_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o its_o proper_a motion_n and_o by_o the_o impulse_n communicate_v to_o it_o from_o external_a force_n so_o the_o motive_n force_n of_o gravity_n which_o the_o blood_n can_v want_v no_o more_o than_o water_n can_v when_o it_o find_v the_o small_a channel_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n open_a for_o they_o can_v never_o be_v so_o close_o constringe_v by_o the_o flag_a and_o connivency_n of_o their_o thin_a membrane_n as_o to_o leave_v no_o entrance_n for_o a_o fluid_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o rope_n how_o hard_o soever_o twist_v must_v of_o necessity_n overcome_v the_o weak_a resistance_n of_o the_o straits_n in_o all_o filtre_n and_o porose_a body_n and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v insinuate_v into_o the_o capillary_a vein_n by_o a_o mechanic_n action_n like_o that_o of_o filtration_n if_o this_o proposition_n
be_v true_a the_o great_a difficulty_n occur_v in_o the_o whole_a mystery_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v now_o at_o length_n solve_v the_o blood_n have_v in_o this_o manner_n pass_v the_o aforesaid_a straits_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o canales_n of_o the_o small_a vein_n by_o the_o same_o motive_n force_n whereby_o it_o be_v insinuate_v for_o such_o a_o ingress_n be_v not_o possible_a without_o motion_n may_v be_v advance_v a_o little_a far_o in_o its_o way_n by_o its_o proper_a force_n and_o by_o external_a force_n and_o also_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o new_a blood_n follow_v behind_o as_o we_o see_v water_n suck_v up_o by_o a_o filtre_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o list_n afterwards_o because_o many_o small_a vein_n meet_v together_o make_v one_o wide_a ductus_fw-la or_o pipe_n and_o because_o in_o this_o large_a pipe_n the_o former_a impulsive_a force_n of_o necessity_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o languid_a and_o faint_a by_o degree_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v retard_v therefore_o it_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o some_o auxiliary_a force_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o journey_n these_o be_v first_o the_o force_n by_o which_o the_o circular_a fibre_n of_o the_o vein_n that_o natural_o have_v a_o peristaltic_a virtue_n contract_v themselves_o always_o after_o they_o have_v be_v stretch_v as_o all_o nervose_n and_o other_o tensile_n body_n be_v observe_v to_o do_v second_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o vein_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o circumambient_a air_n or_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o elastic_a virtue_n of_o the_o air_n inspire_v three_o the_o tonic_n motion_n of_o the_o muscle_n when_o they_o act_v together_o with_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o viscera_n and_o of_o humour_n discurrent_fw-la through_o the_o body_n all_o which_o more_o or_o less_o compress_v the_o vein_n now_o that_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o compression_n promote_v the_o continual_a decurse_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n may_v be_v the_o more_o full_o and_o clear_o understand_v i_o will_v take_v liberty_n to_o lay_v down_o this_o second_o proposition_n that_o by_o the_o artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o vein_n protrude_v the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o motion_n double_o swift_a not_o indeed_o in_o a_o continual_a flux_n but_o with_o little_a pause_n interpose_v and_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n we_o here_o behold_v in_o the_o crural_a vein_n slit_v open_a from_o end_n to_o end_n i._n certain_a valve_n place_v at_o unequal_a distance_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o for_o demonstration_n sake_n be_v accurate_o represent_v in_o this_o figure_n expose_v to_o sight_n ii_o these_o valve_n you_o see_v be_v nothing_o but_o half_a pocket_n of_o a_o membranose_a substance_n or_o little_a bladder_n affix_v to_o the_o side_n or_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o resemble_v by_o aonmp_n and_o bonqr_n they_o be_v find_v sometime_o single_a sometime_o in_o pair_n place_v one_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o and_o lateral_o touch_v each_o other_o as_o at_z no_z the_o convex_a top_n of_o which_o pair_n respect_v the_o capillary_a beginning_n of_o the_o vein_n beyond_o hl_n but_o the_o orifice_n of_o their_o cavity_n po_n ro_n open_a towards_o the_o heart_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o part_n ik_fw-mi now_o i_o be_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o from_o this_o structure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n be_v protrude_v towards_o the_o heart_n imagine_v then_o that_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o the_o vein_n hmql_n be_v replete_a with_o blood_n and_o because_o by_o the_o circular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o vein_n itself_o and_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la muscle_n and_o perhaps_o also_o by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n one_o part_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v constringe_v after_o another_o all_o along_o it_o must_v be_v that_o the_o lateral_a wall_n st_n come_v near_o to_o each_o other_o towards_o five_o and_o then_o the_o vein_n so_o gird_v will_v lose_v its_o cylindrical_a form_n and_o be_v turn_v into_o two_o little_a funnel_n hul_n muq_n which_o be_v less_o capacious_a than_o the_o former_a cylinder_n and_o therefore_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o space_n vh_n and_o vlt_n will_v be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o orifice_n hl_n but_o the_o remain_a quantity_n of_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o space_n vsm_n and_o vqt_n will_v be_v squeeze_v without_o the_o orifice_n mq_n towards_o ik_fw-mi it_o appear_v then_o that_o from_o the_o abovementioned_a compression_n of_o the_o side_n or_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n the_o blood_n be_v express_v in_o equal_a quantity_n to_o the_o opposite_a part_n and_o this_o will_v certain_o happen_v if_o the_o valve_n be_v remove_v but_o because_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n within_o mp_n qr_n be_v fasten_v two_o valve_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n impulse_v by_o a_o compression_n make_v in_o st_n be_v force_v through_o the_o narrow_a chink_n no_o because_o the_o yield_a fluid_n contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o urge_v by_o the_o advenient_a blood_n be_v constringe_v and_o thrust_v out_o of_o they_o and_o then_o instant_o the_o side_n of_o the_o valve_n that_o before_o touch_v each_o other_o no_z recede_v one_o from_o another_o leave_v a_o open_a way_n by_o which_o the_o flux_n of_o blood_n come_v on_o from_o mstq_n may_v be_v insinuate_v and_o pass_v forward_o beyond_o ab_fw-la again_o after_o the_o blood_n have_v pass_v the_o confine_n of_o the_o valve_n po_n ro_n there_o necessary_o follow_v a_o restriction_n of_o the_o little_a chink_n no_o for_o the_o blood_n itself_o must_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o heavy_a bulk_n and_o fluidity_n fill_v the_o little_a bag_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o so_o their_o soft_a and_o pliable_a side_n be_v dilate_v till_o they_o mutual_o touch_v ought_v close_o to_o shut_v the_o rimula_fw-la no_z moreover_o because_o the_o vein_n be_v not_o constringe_v in_o all_o its_o part_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o part_n after_o part_n successive_o therefore_o after_o the_o blood_n be_v transfer_v beyond_o the_o valve_n within_o the_o little_a funnel_n abcd_v there_o follow_v a_o constriction_n of_o the_o wall_n ad_fw-la bc_n in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o st_n be_v not_o constringed_a and_o because_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o close_a shut_n of_o the_o rimula_fw-la no_o half_o the_o blood_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o space_n eag_fw-mi fbg_n can_v flow_v back_o towards_o ab_fw-la find_v the_o obstacle_n aob_v fill_v with_o blood_n and_o retain_v by_o the_o valve_n it_o be_v compel_v with_o a_o reflex_n motion_n like_o that_o of_o a_o tennis-ball_n rebound_v from_o the_o wall_n to_o flow_v towards_o dc_o and_o since_o by_o the_o same_o compression_n the_o blood_n that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o space_n edge_v fcg_n be_v protrude_v beyond_o dc_o therefore_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o blood_n be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o compression_n be_v make_v expel_v through_o that_o same_o aperture_n dc_o but_o when_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n emit_v at_o the_o same_o orifice_n it_o must_v run_v out_o with_o a_o double_a velocity_n thus_o be_v our_o proposition_n verify_v and_o as_o to_o single_a valve_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o use_n of_o double_a it_o may_v easy_o and_o genuine_o be_v infer_v that_o they_o also_o help_v to_o promote_v the_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n though_o but_o half_a so_o much_o as_o the_o double_a wherefore_o nature_n wisdom_n be_v admirable_a in_o place_v single_a valve_n both_o at_o less_o distance_n one_o above_o another_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n where_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v a_o little_o narrow_a or_o where_o a_o less_o vein_n lateral_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o a_o great_a in_o both_o which_o case_n the_o necessity_n of_o 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too_o the_o use_n be_v not_o to_o promote_v the_o course_n of_o blood_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n in_o so_o small_a a_o circuit_n but_o only_o to_o prevent_v the_o reflux_n of_o it_o out_o of_o that_o ventricle_n in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o appear_v from_o their_o situation_n and_o from_o their_o conformation_n nor_o be_v any_o find_v in_o the_o artery_n in_o which_o the_o blood_n with_o mighty_a force_n impul_v by_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o artery_n need_v no_o additional_a machine_n to_o accelerate_v its_o motion_n except_o those_o that_o be_v place_v in_o the_o inlet_n and_o outlet_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n to_o obviate_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o out_o of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o the_o two_o very_a little_a valve_n site_v in_o the_o two_o coronary_a artery_n at_o their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o aorta_fw-la to_o prohibit_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o aorta_fw-la ¶_o ⸪_o if_o this_o artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n affix_v within_o the_o vein_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o promote_v the_o reflux_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n certain_o he_o that_o first_o discover_v they_o deserve_v to_o be_v remember_v with_o honour_n but_o who_o be_v that_o fortunate_a man_n ostiolis_fw-la fabricius_n ab_fw-la aquapendente_fw-la put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o invention_n as_o whole_o due_a to_o himself_o in_o these_o very_a word_n de_fw-fr his_fw-la itaque_fw-la ostiolis_fw-la nempe_fw-la venarum_fw-la locuturus_fw-la subit_fw-la primùm_fw-la mirari_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ostiola_fw-la haec_fw-la ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la usque_fw-la aetatem_fw-la tam_fw-la priscos_fw-la quam_fw-la recentiores_fw-la anatomicos_fw-la adeo_fw-la latuerint_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la solùm_fw-la nulla_fw-la mentio_fw-la de_fw-la ipsis_fw-la facta_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la neque_fw-la aliquis_fw-la prius_fw-la haec_fw-la viderit_fw-la quam_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la septuagesimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la supra_fw-la millesimum_fw-la &_o quingentesimum_fw-la quo_fw-la à _fw-la i_o summa_fw-la cum_fw-la laetitia_fw-la inter_fw-la dissecandum_fw-la observata_fw-la fuere_fw-la but_o padre_n fulgentio_n profess_o ascribe_v the_o invention_n to_o that_o prodigy_n of_o wisdom_n learning_n and_o virtue_n padre_n paolo_n the_o venetian_a at_o the_o same_o time_n open_o accuse_v aquapendens_fw-la of_o disingenuous_a arrogance_n and_o theft_n for_o challenge_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v first_o discover_v the_o valve_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_n and_o for_o steal_v the_o glory_n due_a only_o to_o father_n paul_n pauli_n the_o sense_n of_o his_o impeachment_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a tractate_n concern_v the_o eye_n which_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o contain_v new_a and_o rare_a speculation_n and_o experiment_n be_v the_o work_n of_o padre_n paolo_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v speech_n with_o some_o that_o be_v eye-witness_n and_o know_v that_o a_o due_a part_n of_o the_o praise_n be_v not_o attribute_v to_o he_o that_o deserve_v it_o all_o but_o much_o more_o in_o another_o matter_n of_o more_o moment_n which_o be_v the_o find_v out_o of_o those_o valvulae_fw-la those_o inward_a shut_v or_o fold_n that_o be_v within_o the_o vein_n of_o which_o argument_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v make_v mention_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n unthought_a of_o till_o these_o time_n when_o aquapendens_fw-la move_v the_o question_n in_o a_o public_a anatomy_n but_o there_o be_v still_o live_v many_o eminent_a and_o learned_a physician_n among_o who_o be_v santorio_n and_o pietro_n asselineo_n a_o frenchman_n who_o certain_o know_v that_o it_o be_v no_o speculation_n nor_o invention_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la but_o of_o padre_n paolo_n who_o consider_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o blood_n grow_v into_o a_o opinion_n that_o it_o can_v not_o stay_v in_o the_o vein_n except_o there_o be_v some_o bunch_n to_o hold_v it_o in_o some_o fold_n or_o shutting_n at_o the_o open_n and_o close_v of_o which_o there_o be_v give_v a_o passage_n and_o necessary_a aequilibrium_fw-la to_o life_n and_o upon_o his_o own_o natural_a judgement_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o cut_v with_o more_o accurate_a observation_n and_o so_o find_v out_o those_o valve_n etc._n etc._n have_v thus_o faithful_o recite_v the_o plea_n of_o these_o two_o great_a man_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o laurel_n on_o the_o head_n of_o which_o of_o the_o competitor_n you_o please_v for_o my_o part_n if_o my_o judgement_n be_v considerable_a i_o shall_v declare_v myself_o on_o padre_n paolo_n side_n as_o to_o the_o invention_n and_o allow_v to_o aquapendens_fw-la the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o write_v make_v the_o thing_n know_v to_o the_o world_n understand_v i_o i_o beseech_v you_o only_o of_o the_o valve_n themselves_o not_o of_o the_o true_a use_n of_o they_o which_o neither_o aquapendens_fw-la nor_o the_o father_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o discover_v not_o aquapendens_fw-la because_o of_o the_o two_o use_n by_o he_o assign_v to_o these_o valve_n which_o he_o most_o improper_o name_v ostiola_fw-la namely_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o may_v otherwise_o be_v by_o the_o blood_n every_o where_o distend_v and_o break_v into_o varices_fw-la and_o the_o retardation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n that_o so_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n may_v have_v time_n to_o take_v in_o their_o due_a share_n of_o blood_n for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o not_o have_v their_o meat_n forsooth_o snatch_v away_o before_o they_o have_v fill_v their_o belly_n of_o these_o two_o mighty_a use_n i_o say_v neither_o be_v true_a and_o both_o be_v raise_v upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o superior_a vein_n into_o the_o small_a and_o inferior_a which_o be_v most_o evident_o false_a even_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sight_n but_o lest_o i_o be_v think_v either_o not_o well_o to_o understand_v or_o to_o misrepresent_v his_o meaning_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o recite_v his_o own_o word_n ostiolis_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o varicibus_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la aut_fw-la laxari_fw-la aut_fw-la rumpi_fw-la ostiola_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la plus_fw-la minusve_fw-la dilatatas_fw-la semper_fw-la venas_fw-la conspiciamus_fw-la dicere_fw-la proculdubiò_fw-la tutò_fw-la possumus_fw-la ad_fw-la prohibendam_fw-la quoque_fw-la venarum_fw-la distensionem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la ostiola_fw-la à _fw-la summo_fw-la opifice_fw-la fabrefacta_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o then_o i_o have_v do_v he_o no_o wrong_n he_o proceed_v erat_fw-la profectò_fw-la necessaria_fw-la ostiolorum_fw-la constructio_fw-la in_o artuum_fw-la venis_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la exiguae_fw-la sed_fw-la vel_fw-la magnae_fw-la vel_fw-la moderatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la magnitudinis_fw-la ut_fw-la scilicet_fw-la sanguis_fw-la ubique_fw-la eatenus_fw-la retardetur_fw-la quatenus_fw-la cuique_fw-la particulae_fw-la alimento_fw-la fruendi_fw-la congruum_fw-la tempus_fw-la detur_fw-la quod_fw-la alioqui_fw-la propter_fw-la artuum_fw-la declivem_fw-la situm_fw-la confertim_fw-la ac_fw-la rapidi_fw-la fluminis_fw-la instar_fw-la in_o artuum_fw-la extremitates_fw-la universus_fw-la conflueret_fw-la ac_fw-la colligeretur_fw-la idque_fw-la tum_fw-la harum_fw-la partium_fw-la tumore_fw-la tum_fw-la super_fw-la positarum_fw-la marcore_fw-la here_o also_o i_o have_v faithful_o interpret_v his_o word_n and_o you_o see_v that_o he_o think_v the_o contrivement_n of_o the_o valve_n necessary_a to_o retard_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n because_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o blood_n descend_v through_o the_o great_a vein_n into_o the_o less_o gross_o err_v in_o both_o opinion_n for_o that_o the_o former_a be_v false_a we_o have_v see_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o construction_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n themselves_o and_o that_o the_o latter_a also_o be_v false_a and_o absurd_a be_v know_v to_o all_o who_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o these_o error_n he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o page_n add_v a_o three_o much_o more_o extravagant_a which_o be_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o a_o flux_n and_o reflux_n perpetual_o carry_v forward_a and_o backward_o in_o the_o artery_n for_o attempt_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o nature_n have_v frame_v no_o valve_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o artery_n he_o say_v arteriis_fw-la autem_fw-la ostiola_fw-la non_fw-la fuêre_fw-la necessaria_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la distensionem_fw-la prohibendam_fw-la propter_fw-la tunicae_fw-la crassitiem_fw-la ac_fw-la robur_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la remorandum_fw-la quòd_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la fluxus_fw-la refluxusque_fw-la in_o arteriis_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la fiat_fw-la it_o appear_v then_o that_o this_o famous_a anatomist_n who_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n deserve_v well_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o physician_n have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v first_o invent_v the_o true_a and_o genuine_a use_n of_o the_o valve_n