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A71316 The tragedies, gathered by Ihon Bochas, of all such princes as fell from theyr estates throughe the mutability of fortune since the creacion of Adam, vntil his time wherin may be seen what vices bring menne to destruccion, wyth notable warninges howe the like may be auoyded. Translated into Englysh by Iohn Lidgate, monke of Burye.; De casibus virorum illustrium. English Boccaccio, Giovanni, 1313-1375.; Lydgate, John, 1370?-1451? 1554 (1554) STC 3178; ESTC S107087 521,168 424

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the name of king Siculus Trinacry a countre merueylous Toke first his name of famous hylles thre The chefe of them is called Pe●orus The next Pathmus the third Lyllybe Not ferre from Ethua the sayd hilles be Beside a sea full perilous and ylle With two dangers Caribdis and Scille The sayd Lewes kyng of Jerusalem And of Cecile the boke maketh mencion Which was chased and put out of his realme By another Lewes and put down Ended in pouerte for short conclusion This last Lewes of pite dyd hym grace Tyl he died to haue a dwellyng place The .xxxviii. Chapter How king John of Fraunce at Poyters was taken prisoner by prince Edwarde and brought into Englande NExt of all and last of euerychone Cursyng Fortune with all her variaunce Makyng hys complaynt to Bochas came king John Tolde his tale how he was take in Fraunce By prīce Edward for all his great puissaūce And after with strong and mighty hand He was fro Poyters brought into England Afore distroyed his castels and his townes And ouerthrowen manly in battayle His princes slayne theyr baners penouns Nor brode standers might them not auayle The trace out sought spoiled of plate maile Maugre his might kīg John was prisoner In England after abode full many a yere Set afterwarde to full great raunson The worthy slayne on the Frenche party The same time in Brutes Albyon There floured in suche noblesse chyualry With high prudence and prudent policy Mars and Mercury aboue eche nacion Gouerned that tyme Brutus Albion Mars for knighthode theyr patron i batraile And Mynerua gaue them influence Meynt with brightnesse of plate mayle To stour in clergye and in hie prudence That prince Edward by marciall violence That day on liue one the best knight Brought home kinge John maugre all hys might Though Bochas gaue him fauour by lāgage His heart enclined to that partye Which vnto him was but small auauntage Worde is but winde brought in by enuye For to hinder the famous chiualrye Of English mē ful narow he gan him thinke Left speare shelde fought with pen ynke Though the sayd Bochas floured in Poetry His parcial writyng gaue no mortal woūde Caught a quarell in his melancoly Which to his shame afterward did rebounde In conclusion lyke as it was founde Agayne king John a quarel gan to take Cause that he would of English men be take Helde them but small of reputacion In his report men may hys writyng see His fantasy nor hys opinon Stode in that case of none authorite Their kīg was take their knightes did flee Wher was Bochas to helpe thē at such nede Saue with his pen he made no man to blede Of right wisnesse euery croniculer Should in his writyng make no exception Indifferently conuey his matter Not be perciall of none affection But gyf the thanke of mortal guerdon Hys style in order so egally obserued To euery party as they haue deserued Laude of king John was that he abode In that he quit hym like a manly knight His lordes slayne some away they rode Most of his meyny toke them to the flight This iourney take for king Edwardes right The feelde y wonne haue this in memory Trouthes hold hath gladly the victory Of king John what should I write more Brought to this land with other prisoners Vpon which the realme complayned sore By rehearsayle of olde Croniclers Died in England within a fewe yeres Led home agayne after theyr writynges Lieth at S. Denys with other kinges ❧ Lenuoye OF Bochas boke the last tragedye Compendiouslye put in remembraunce How prince Edwarde w t his chiualrye Fought at Poiters w t king John of Fraūce And through his mighty Marciall puysaūce Groūded his quarell vpon his fathers right Toke him prisoner ful like a manly knight By collusion kyng John dyd occupye Set out of order the royall aliaunce Scepter and crowne with all the regalye Was down descēded to Edward ī substaūce Cōueyed y e braūches by lineall concordaunce For which title grounded vpon right Prince Edward fought like a manly knight His clayme and quarel more to fortify In token y ● god his quarel would auaunce Discomfiture was made on that party Vpon kyng John by violent vtraunce An heauenly signe by influent purueyaunce Sent from aboue to shew Edwardes right For which y e prīce fought like a māly knight Noble princes your heartes do applye Justly to way this matter in balaunce All thing paysed ye m● it not denye If ye consider euery circumstaunce In right Judges may be no variaunce The fielde d●rreyued deme who hath right For whiche y e prīce fought like a māly knight Thing of assent put in ieopardy And committed to Gods ordinaunce There may be after no contrauersy Atwene party quarel nor distaunce Who shal reioyse in this case stode Fraunce Sith at Poyters declaring who hath right Prīce Edward fought like a manly knight ¶ Here Bochas maketh a rehearsayl how Fortune hath made highe estates vnwarely to discende LEt folke of wisdom cōsider in their wit Gather vp a sum count in theyr reason To all estates how Fortune hath her quit To popes prelates gyn first in Rome town To cardinals most souerayne of renown When they sat hiest coude them not defende Agayn Fortune by no proivsion But with a turne she made them to diseend After in order call to remembraunce The state imperial of famous emperours Which as Appollo through theyr puyssaunce Theyr fame vp blow to Jupiters tours And forget not these olde conquerours Aboue Mercury cast them to ascende Tyl that fortune with her frowarde shours Most sodaynly made them to discende Kinges and princes of diuers regions In Asye Europe Affrike and Cartage Of Ethiope the marciall champions Monsters of Inde hydous of visage Athlas Hercules ī their most furious rage Against whose might no man coude hīdefēde What folowed from their hyest stage Fortune vnwarely made them to discende Priestes prelates well fed fat persons And patriarkes that had great soueraynte Reken vp religiōs w t al their brode crownes Byshops abbottes confyrmed in their see Beholde of fortune the mutabylite Seculere chanons w t many great prebende whan they sate hyghest in their felycite Howe sodaynly she made them to discende All y t is written is written to our doctryne One courbeth lowe another gothe vpright Some be vicious some in vertue shyne Phebus now clipsed sōtyme shyneth bright Somtyme cloudy somtyme sterlight Some folke appayre some dothe amende Shew of Fortune the power the might One goth vpward another doth discende Some man holy encreaseth in vertue Another rechelesse of frowarde wilfulnesse One is perfit and stable in Christ Jesu Another braydeth vpon frowardnesse One encreaseth with treasour richesse Who list thriue to labour must attende Maugre the world Fortunes doublenesse Doth one arise another doth discende One is busy and setteth ail his labour Early to aryse his good to multiply Another spendeth and is a great wastou● Some tre is barayn some tre doth fructifye One can say sothe another can well lye One can gather another can dispende Vnto fortune this matter dothe applye She maketh one to arise another to discēde All these matters combined into one Of which this boke maketh mencion Voyde the wede of vertue take the corne As reason teacheth in your discrecion And for to make a short conclusion In a brefe summe this b 〈…〉 o comprehende Fortunes whele by reuol●●ion Doth one clymbe vp another to discend ☞ The wordes of the translatour W 〈…〉 letters leues this lytell boke trēbling Pray to the prince to haue on the pyte V●●●e of all picture and enlumynyng W●●●h hast of Cicero no curious dyte 〈◊〉 of his gardayne no floures of beaute 〈…〉 graunt grace thy rudenesse nat offende 〈…〉 hygh noblesse and magnanymyte 〈…〉 s presence whan thou shalt ascende And for my parte of one hert abyding 〈…〉 de of chaunge and mutabylite 〈◊〉 present this boke with hand shakyng Of hole affection knelyng on my kne Praying the lord one two and thre Whose magnificence no clerke may cōprehēde Sende you might grace and prosperite Euer in vertue to encreace and ascende To kisse y ● steppes of thē that were furtherīg Laureat poetes whiche had soueraynte Of eloquence to supporte thy makyng And pray all tho that shall this processe se In thyne excuse that they lyst to be And where it is amysse for to amende Set thy grounde vpon humylite Vnto their grace that thou mayst ascende In a shorte clause thy content rehersyng As one vp clymbeth to great prosperite So another by experte knowlegyng From great rychesse is brought to pouerte Alas O boke what shall I say of the Thy tragedyes thrugh all y ● worlde to sende Go forthe I pray excuse thy selfe and me Who loueth most vertue highest shal ascende Blacke be thy wede of cōplaynt mournīg Called fall of princes from their felycite Lyke Chaunteplure now singing nowe weping Wo after myrth next ioy aduersyte So entremedled there is no suerte Lyke as this boke doth prayse cōprehende Nowe on the whele now set in lowe degre Who will encreace by vertue must ascende The ende of Bochas Volumes
with ful great reuerence All be the bytche made resistence Complayninge stode fully at a bay The lytel chylde whan she sawe led away Ful pitiously she gan to houle and crye At their departynge dolefully complayne And after them ful fast gan to hye The childe to let she felt so great a payne Lo howe that god of mercy can ordayne A cruel beast such sorowe for to make And so to mourne for a chyldes sake But euery thyng y ● god wyll haue preserued May not fayle to stand in si●ernesse His secrete domes ben to hym selfe reserued There can no man expowne thē as I gesse For he shope fyrst that this sheperdesse Of Sparagos the true pore wyfe For to be meane to saue the childes lyfe Home to her house the childe she led anone And it to fostre dyd her busines Of other salary god wote knewe she none Saue that her hert thereto dyd her dresse And more entierly y e story beareth wytnesse She tendred h●m wyth more busy cure Than him y ● was her chylde borne of nature And as the story plainly doth expresse This yonge chylde as he wext in age Fro day to day encreased in noblesse Lyke for to be ryght manly of corage Cyrus he was called in that langage To say in latyn playnly in substa●●c● A man yborne to great enheritaunce And whan the renowne of his excellence By longe processe of hys great encres Came by reporte vnto the audience Of his ayel the great ●stiages And how the kyng was found rechles Called Harpagus for to do vengeaunce On yong Cirus he fyll in displesaunce This is to meane Astiages was wroth That Harpagus was founde merciable Cyrus to saue and for that he was lothe Agaynst all ryght for to be vengeable To slee a chylde a thyng not commendable Demyng of trouth in his conscience God was not payed to murdre innocence Astiages cast hym to be wreke On Harpagus by false collusion Because that his bidding he did breke And was contrary to his entencion Cyrus to slee agayne all reason And for that cause Astiages I rede Of Harpagus let sley the chylde in dede This is to say by false compassyng And couert murder wrought by Astiages The sonne was slayne of Harpagus the king And after rosted alas ful causeles And syth presented amonge all the prees Tofore his father a thynge most lamētable With Astiages as he sate at the table But whan this kyng called Harpagus Conceyued hath this murdre most terrible And howe his sonne heire was slaine thus In his ire most furious and odible In al the hast that it was possible He is repayred home to his housholde And al the case to Cyrus he hath tolde And how his sonne was slayne for his sake In the most hateful odious cruelte Exciting him with him to vndertake On this false murdre auenged for to be To him declaringe of trouth equite Howe he was borne by discent in dede As ryght heire to reigne in Perce Mede To him declaryng the story by and by First of the dreme of Astiages And howe that he by fraude ful falsly Made his doughter called Mundanes Porely to be wedded vnto Cambises Which was his mother how in tedre age He was out cast to beastes ful fauage ▪ By a shepherde and sheperdesse Fostred he was in great pouerte And brought from beastes out of wyldernes Bycause god woulde he saued should be For thilke lorde which euery thynge may se Whan that he hath a thyng afore disposed Nedes it must fal may not be deposed This said Cirus at his natiuite Ordeyned was by reuolucion Of the heuenly spheres in numbre thrise thre So stode that tyme his constellacion That he shoulde haue the dominacion Ouer al Asye by influence deuyne Afore fygured by spredyng of the vyne What may y ● fraude of sleyghty folke auayle Innocentes to put out of their ryght Though trouth be hyd amonges the poraile Harde brought forth dare nor shewe lyghte Yet god wyl ordayne that the beames bryght Shal some one day shewe out his clerenes Maugre al tho that wold his title oppresse For this Cirus as clerkes of him write Was by the tytle of his mothers syde Borne to be kyng al Asye to enherite Al be his ayel from him woulde it deuide But god that can for trouth best prouide Hath for Cirus by processe so ordayned That he of Asye the lordship hath attained Cirus y ● time was growen vp wel of length Wel proporcioned of membres stature Wonder deliuer passynge of great strength Straunge emprises proudly to endure And to ieoparte and put in auenture His owne person the fame was of hym so Was none more lykely where men had ado And by the counsayle of kyng Harpagus Whan this Cirus was wel woxe in age With Perciens proude and surquedous And Archanites cruel of corage For to recure his ryghtful heritage Began w t Cyrus armed wyth plate mayle Wyth Astiages to holde batayle And he agaynewarde gan to take hede And with him toke many a worthy knyght With al the puissaunce of the land of Mede Hath take the felde the same day forth righte To disherite Cyrus of his ryght But god trouth was atwene thē twayne Egal iuge their quarel to darayne The felde ordayned splaied their baneres On eyther party ful proudly on they set At thassemblyng lyke lyons of their cheres In the face as they freshly met With round speares sharpe groūde whet Tyl y ● Cirus of grace more than nombre Of his ayel the party dyd encombre This mighty Cirus this yonge champion Throughout y ● felde gan such slaughter make With his knightes as he went vp downe That as the deth his fomen hym forsake Astiages vnder his baner take The felde vēquished for al his veynglorye To shewe that right hath alway the victory A man of malice may a thyng purpose By a maner frowarde prouidence But god aboue can graciously dispose Agayne such malice to make resistence Men for a while may suffer violence And wronges great where so y t they wende But trouth alway venquisheth at the ende Astiages foūde ful soth his dreame Though he agayne it made purueyaunce To haue depriued Cirus of his reame He was disceyued of his ordinaunce For where that god through his puisaunce Lyst for heires iustly to prouyde Sleyght of man in such case is set aside Maugre the myght of Astiages Cyrus on hym made a discomfiture And al Asye reioysed eke in pees Of very right as was his aduenture And by iust title he dyd also recure The land of Mede lyke as was his fate And in to Perce he dyd it hole translate Agayne his ayel he was not vengeable Which had wrought to his distruction But was to him benygne and merciable And graunted hym of hole affection The fourth part of the region Of Archany of whych afore I tolde Hym to sustayne in his dayes