basilicum sive tetrapharmacum ib. diapompholigos 1057. desiccativum rub ib. enulatum ib. Album Rhasis ib. Altheae ib. populeon ib. apostolorum ib. comitissae ib. pro stomacho 1058. ad morsus rabiosos 〈…〉 ibid. Unicorn if any such beast what the name imports 813. what the ordinary horns are 814. not effectual against poyson ib. effectuall onely to dry ib. in what cases good 815 Voices whence so various 194 Vomits their force 38. their descriptions 277 Vomiting why it happens in the Collick 106. the fittest time therfore 705. to make it easie ib. Voyages and other employments wherein the Author was present of Thurin 1142. of Marolle low Britany 1144. of Perpignan 1145. of Landresie Bologne 1146. of Germany 1147. of Danvilliers 1148. of Castle of Compt 1149. of Mets 1150. of Hedin 1155. Battell of S. Quintin 1164. Voyage of Amiens of Harbour of Grace 1165. to Roven ib. battell of Dreux 1166 of Moncontour 1167. voyage of Flanders 1168. of Burges 1172. battell of S. Denis 1172. voyage of Bayon 1173 Uraclius 134. Ureters their substance c. 123 Urine sâ—opt by dislocation of the thigh-bone 626 suppression thereof how deadly 666. how it happens by internall causes 683. by externall 684 prognosticks ib. things unprofitable in the whole body purged thereby 683. bloody the differences and causes thereof 685. the cure 687. scalding therof how helped 740. a receptacle for such as cannot keepe it 877. Urines of such as have the plague somtimes like those that are in health 832 Utelif a strange fish 69. Uvea tunica 183 Vulnerary potions their use 752. the names of the simples whereof they are composed 753. their form and when chiefly to bee used ib. Uvula the site use therof 193. the inflaÌ„mation and relaxation thereof 294. the cure 295. W. WAlnut tree and the malignity therof 808 Warts of the neck of the womb 955. their cure 956. Washes to be beautifie the skin 1079 Wasps their stinging how helped 789 Watching and the discommodities thereof 37 Water its qualities 6. best in time of plague 824 Waters how to bâ—â—distilled 1099. Watrish tumors their signes and cure 269. 270 Weapons of the Antients compared with those of the moderne times 407 Weazon the substance c. therof 156. how to be opened in extreme diseases 294. the wounds therof 387. the ulcers thereof 480 Weaknesse two causes thereof 250 Web on the eye which curable which not 647 the cure ibid. Wedge bone 172 Weights and measures with their notes 1049 Wens their causes and cure 272. 273. how to distinguish them in the breast from a Cancer 273 Whale why reckoned among monsters 1012. they bring forth young suckle them ib. how caught ibid. Whale-bone 1013 Whirle-bone the fracture thereof and cure 582 the dislocation thereof 630 White lime 100 Whites the reason of the name differences c. 952. causes 953. their cure 954 Whitlowes 314 Wine which not good in the Gout 708 Winds their tempers and qualities 20. 30 Winter and the temper thereof 10. how it encreaseth the native heat 11 Wisedome the daughter of memorie and experience 898 Witches hurtby the Devils assistance 989 Wolves their deceits and ambushes 66 Wombe the substance magnitude c. thereof 128. 129. the coats thereof 132. signes of the wounds thereof 347. ulcers therof their cure 482. when it hath received the seed it is shut up 891. the falling downe thereof how caused 906 it is not distinguished into cells 924. a scirrhus thereof 930. signes of the distemper thereof 933 which meet for conception ib. of the falling down pervertion or turning thereof 934. the cure therof 935. it must be cut away when it is putrefyed 936. the strangulation or suffocation therof 939. see Strangulation Women their nature 27. how to know whether they have conceived 890. their travell in child-birth and the cause thereof 899. what must bee done to them presently after their deliverance 917. bearing many children at a birth 970. 971 Wonderfull net 172 Wondrous originall of some creatures 1000. nature of some marine things ibid. Wormes in the teeth their causes and how killed 658. bred in the head 762. cast forth by urine 765. how generated and their differences ibid. of monstrous length 766. signes ib. the cure 7â—7 Wounds may be cured only with liâ—â— water 52 Wounds termed great in three respects 323 112. Wounds poysoned how cured â—80 Wounds of the head at Paris and of the leg at Avignon why hard to bee cured 4â—7 Wounds what the divers appellation and divison of them 321. their causes signes 322. prognostickes 323. small ones sometimes mortall 324 their cure in generall ibid. to stay their bleeding 328. to helpe paine 329. why some die of small ones and others recover of great 351. whether better to cure in children or in old people 352 Wounds of the head see Fractures Of the musculous skinne thereof 360. their cure 361. of the face 378. of the eye-browes ib. of the eyes 379 of the cheeke 382. of the nose 384. of the tongue 385. of the eares 386. of the necke and throat ibid. of the weazon and Gullet 387. of the chest 388. of the heart lungs and midriffe ibid. of the spine 389. what wounds of the lungs cureable 392. of the Epigastrium or lower belly 396. their cure 397. of the Kall and fat 398. of the groines yard and testicles 399. of the thighes and legges ibid. of the nerves and nervous parts ibid. of the joints 403. of the ligaments 404 Wounds contused must be brought to suppuration 417 Wounds made by gun-shot are not burnt neither must they be cauterized 408. they may be dressed with suppuratives 410. why hard to cure ibid. why they looke blacke 413. they have no Eschar ibid. why so deadly 415. in what bodies not easily cured 417. their division 418. signes ibid. how to be drest at the first 419. 423. how the second time 424. they all are contused 432 Wounds made by arrowes how different from those made by gunshot 438 Wrest and the bones thereof 218. the dislocation thereof and the cure 622 Y YArd and the parts thereof 125. the wound thereof 399. to helpe the cord thereof 663 the maligne ulcers thereof 737. to supply the defect thereof for making water 877 Yew tree his malignity 807 Z ZIrbus the Kall the substance c. thereof 101 FINIS * In his Epistle prefixed before the Latine edition of this author * Vide Aul. Gel. l. 20. c. 4. * Gal. de simp l. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Genes 1. Ecclesiast 38. 1. plin l. 7 c. 2. In what esteeme Phisitions have formerly beene Names given to Plants Phisicke is devided into 3 parts The excellency of Chirurgery The definition of Chirurgerie What necessary for a Chirurgion The nature of a Chirurgion Experience more necessary for a Chirurgion thau Art Examples of taking away that which is superfluous * Two tunicles of the eyes Examples of replacing Example of
considered we say the fleshie Pannicle in its proper body is of a nervous or membranous substance as that which hath its originall from the coate Amnios which is next to the infant dilated neare to the navell and stretched forth for the generation of this Pannicle in which thing I thinke good to note that as the membranes Chorion and Amnios mutually interwoven with small nervous fibers encompasse and invest the child as long as it is contained in the wombe so the skinne and fleshie Pannicle knit together by such like bands engirt the whole body Therefore the fleshie Pannicle is equall in magnitude and like in figure to the true skinne but that it lies under it and is contained in it in some places mixt with the fat in others encreased by the flesh interwoven with it and in other some is onely a simple membrane The composition of it is such as the sight of it presents to our eye that is of veines arteries nerves and the proper flesh some whites mixed and interlaced with fat and sometimes with musculous flesh It is but one by reason of the use wee shall presently shew It is situated betweene the skinne and fat or common coate of the muscles annexed to these and the other parts lying under it by the veines nerves and arteries ascending from these inward parts and implanting themselves into the substance thereof and then into the true skinne The temperature thereof is diverse according to the varietie of the parts interwoven with it The use of it is to leade direct and strengthen in their passage the vessels which are disseminated into the true skinne and the whole superficies of the body But in beasts it hath another commoditie that is it gives a shaking or trembling motion to their skinne and backe for that cause we formerly touched CHAP. VI. Of the Fat. THe fat comming neare the condition of an excrement rather than of a part as we said when we treated of the simular parts is of an oily substance bred of the aiery and vaporous portion of the bloud which sweating through the pores of the coates or mouthes of the vessels becomes concreate about the membranes and nerves and cold bodies and turnes into fat by the coldnesse of the place Whereby we may know that cold or a more remisse heate is the efficient cause of fat which is manifest by contemplation not onely of creatures of diverse kindes but also by those of the same species and sexe if so be that the one be colder than the other By which we may understand that the fat is the more or lesse in quantity according to the different temper of the whole body and of its particular parts for its composition it consists of that portion of the blood which we formerly mentioned intermixt with certaine membranes nervous fibers veines and arteryes The greatest part of it lyes betweene the fleshy pannicle and the common coate of the Muscles Otherwiseit is diffused over all the body in some places more in some lesse yet it is alwaies about the nervous bodyes to which it delights to cleave Most Anatomists enquire whether the fat lye above or beneath the fleshy pannicle But me thinkes this question is both impertinent and idle being we often see the fat to be on both sides It is of a middle temper betweene heat and cold being it ariseth of the more aery portion of the blood although it may seeme cold in respect of the efficient cause that is of cold by which it concreats For the rest moisture is predominant in the fat The use therof is to moisten the parts which may become dry by long fasting vehement exercise or immoderate heat and besides to give heat or keep the parts warme Although it doe this last rather by accident than of its owne nature as heated by exercise or by some such other chance it heats the adjacent parts or may therefore be thought to heat them because it hinders the dissipation of the native and internall heat like as cold heats in winter whereby the bellyes are at that time the hotter I know some learned Phisitions of our time stiffly maintained that the fat was hot neither did they acknowledge any other efficient cause thereof than temperate heat and not cold But I thinke it best to leave the more subtle agitation of these questions to naturall Philosophers But we must note that at the joints which are more usually moved there is another sort of fat farre more solid and hard than that which we formerly mentioned often found mixed with a viscid and tough humor like the whites of Eggs that so it might be sufficient for a longer time to moisten these parts subject to be hurt by drynesse and make them slippery so fitter for motion in imitation whereof they usually grease hard bodyes which must be in frequent motion as coach wheeles and axeltrees And there is another kind of fat which is called Sevum seame in one thing differing from the ordinary fat that is much dryer the moister and softer portion of the fat being dissipated by the raging heat of the place For it is found principally about the midriffe where there are many windings of arteryes and veines and it is also about the reines Loines and basis of the heart The fat is wasted by long fasting is dryed and hardened by vehement exercise and immoderate heate Hence it is that it is much more compact in the palmes of the hands and soles of the feet about the eyes and heart so that it resembles the flesh in densitie and hardnesse because by the continuall motion and strong heat of these parts the thinner portion being dissipated diffused the more Grosse terrestriall remaine CHAP. VII Of the common coate of the Muscles NExt under the fat appeares a certaine coate spred over all the Muscles and called the common coate of the Muscles it is of a nervous substance as all other membranes are The quantity and breadth thereof is bounded by the quantity of the Muscles which it involves and fits it selfe to as that which encompasses the Muscles of the Epigastrium is of equall largnesse with the same Muscles The figure of it is round It is composed of veines nerves arteryes and its peculiar flesh consisting of three sorts of fibers the beginning of it is from the Periostium in that part where the bones give ligaments to the Muscles or according to the opinion of others of the nervous and ligamentous fibers of the Muscles which rising up and diffused over the fleshy superficies thereof are united for the generation of this coate But this membrane arising from the Periostium as every membrane which is below the head takes its originall from the Periostium either primarily by the interposition of no Medium or secondarily is stretched over the Muscles by their tendons But if any object that this membrance pluct
spirits so consequently the continuall nourisher of the vitall heate the first living and last dying which because it must have a naturall motion of it self was made of a dense solide and more compact substance than any other part of the body The flesh thereof is woven with three sorts of fibers for it hath the right in the inner part descending from the basis into the point that they might dilate it and so draw the blood from the hollow veine into the receptacles thereof and the breath or aire from the lungs by the Arteria venosa it hath the transverse without which passe through the right at right angles to contract the Heart and so drive the vitall spirits into the great Artery Aorta and the cholericke blood to the Lungs by the vena arteriosa for their nourishment It hath the oblique in the midst to containe the Aire and blood drawne thither by the forementioned vessels untill they be sufficiently claborate by the heart All these fibers doe their parts by contracting themselues towards their originall as the right from the point of the heart towards the basis whereby it comes to passe that by this contraction of the fibers the heart dilated becomes shorter but broader no otherwise than it is made more long and narrow by the contraction of the transverse but by the drawing of the oblique it is lessened in that part which lookes towards the vertebra's which chiefly appeares in the point thereof It is of an indifferent bignes but yet in some bigger in some lesse according to the diverse temper of Cold or hot men as wee noted in the liver The figure thereof is Pyramidall that is it is broader in the basis and narrower at his round point It is composed of the most dense flesh of all the body by the affusion of blood at the divisions and foldings of the vessels and there concrete as it happens also to the other Entrailes For the blood being there a litle more dryed than that which is concrete for the making of the Liver turnes into a fleshy substance more dense than the common flesh even as in hollow ulcers when they come to a cicatrize It hath the Coronall veines and arteryes which it receives either on the right side from the hollow veine or on the left from the basis at the entranc of the Artery Aorta You cannot by your Eye discerne that the Heart hath any other Nerves than those which come to it with the Pleura Yet I have plainely enough observed others in certaine beasts which have great Hearts as swine they appeared seated under the fat which covers the vessels and basis of the heart lest the humid substance of these parts should be dissolved and dissipated by the burning heat of the Heart Whereby you may perceive that the heat of the heart is different from the Elementary heat as that which suffers fat to grow about this Entraile where otherwise it doth not concrete unlesse by cold or a remisse heat which thing is chiefly worth admiration The Heart is one alone scituate most commonly upon the fourth Vertebra of the Chest which is in the midst of the Chest Yet some thinke that it inclines some-what to the left side because we there feele the motion or beating thereof but that happens by reason of its left ventricle which being it is filled with many spirits and the beginning of the arteryes it beats far more vehemently than the right It required that seat by the decree of Nature because that Region is the most safe and armed and besides it is here on every side covered as it were with the hands of the Lungs It hath connexion with the fore mentioned Vertebra's but by the parts composeing it with those parts from whence it hath them with the Lungs by the Vena arteriosa and the Arteria venosa and lastly with all the parts of the body by the Arteries which it sends to them all It is of a hot and moist temper as every fleshy part is The action thereof is first to prepare the blood in its right ventricle for the fit nourishment of the Lungs for from hence it is that Galen saith this right ventricle was made for the necessity of the lungs Secondly to generate the vitall spirits in its left ventricle for the use of the whole body But this spirit is nothing els than a certaine middle substance between aire and blood fit to preserve and carry the native heat wherefore it is named the vitall as being the author and preserver of life In the inner parts of the heart there present themselves to our consideration the ventricles and the parts contained in the ventricles and between them such are the Valvulae or valves the vessels and their mouthes their distribution into the lungs the wall or partition and the two productions or Eares of the heart which because they are doubtfull whether they may be reckoned amongst the externall or internall parts of the heart I will here handle in the first place Therefore these Auriculae or Eares are of a soft and nervous substance compact of three sorts of fibers that so by their softnesse they might the more easily follow the motions of the heart and so breake the violence of the matters entring the heart with great force when it is dilated For otherwise by their violent and abundant entrance they might hurt the heart and as it were overwhelme and suffocate it but they have that capacity which we see given by nature that so they might as it were keep in store the blood and aire and then by litle and litle draw it forth for the use or necessity of the heart But if any enquire if such matters may be drawne into the heart by the only force of the Diastole ad fugam vacui for avoiding of emptinesse I will answere that that drawing in or attraction is caused by the heat of the heart which continually drawes these matters to it no otherwise than a fire drawes the adjacent Aire and the flame of a candle the tallow which is about the weake for nourishments sake Whilest the heart is dilated it drawes the aire whilest it is drawne togeather or contracted it expells it This motion of the heart is absolutely naturall as the motion of the Lungs is animall Some adde a third cause of the attraction of the heart to wit the similitude of the whole substance But in my judgment this rather takes place in that attraction which is of blood by the venae coronales for the proper nourishment of the heart than in that which is performed for attraction of matters for the benefit of the whole body These eares differ in quantity for the right is far more capacious than the left because it was made to receive a greater aboundance of matter They are two in number on each side one scituate at the Basis of the heart The greater at
for in so doing on the twentieth day you shall finde the Chicke perfectly formed with the navell That little skin that so compasseth the infant in the wombe is called the secundine or Chorion but commonly the after-birth This little skinne is perfectly made within sixe dayes according to the judgment of Hippocrates as profitable and necessary not onely to containe the seeds so mixed together but also to sucke nutriment through the orifices of the vessels ending in the wombe Those orifices the Greekes doe call Cotyledones and the Latines Acetabula for they are as it were hollowed eminences like unto those which may bee seene in the feete or snout of a Cuttle fish many times in a double order both for the working and holding of their meate Those eminences called Acetabula doe not so greatly appeare in women as in many brute beasts Therefore by these the secundine cleaveth on every side unto the wombe for the conservation nutrition and encrease of the conceived seede CHAP. VII Of the generation of the navell AFter the woman hath conceived to every one of the aforesaid eminencies groweth presently another vessell that is to say a veine to the veine and an artery to the artery these soft and yet thin vessels are framed with a little thin membrane which being spread under sticketh to them for to them it is in stead of a membrane and a ligament and a tunicle or a defence and it is doubled with the others and made of the veine and artery of the navell to compasse the navell These new small vessels of the infant with their orifices doe answer directly one to one to the cotyledones or eminences of the womb they are very swall and little as it were the hairy fibres that grow upon roots that are in the earth and when they have continued so a longer time they are combined together that of two they are made one vessell until that by continuall connexion all those vessels go and degenerate into two other great vessels called the umbilicall vessels or the vessels of the navell because they do make the navell and do enter into the childs body by the hole of the navell Here Galen doth admire the singular providence of God and Nature because that in such a multitude of vessels and in so long a passage or length that they go or are produced the vein doth never confound it selfe nor stick to the artery nor the artery to the veine but every vessell joyneth it selfe to the vessell of its owne kinde But the umbilicall veine or navell veine entering into the body of the child doth joyne it self presently to the hollow part of the liver but the artery is divided into two which joine themselves to the two iliack arteries along the sides of the bladder are presently covered with the peritonaum by the benefit thereof are annexed unto the parts which it goes unto Those small veines and arteries are as it were the rootes of the child but the veine and artery of the navell are as it were the body of the tree to bring down the nutriment to nourish the child For first we live in the wombe the life of a plant and then next the life of a sensitive creature and as the first tunicle of the child is called Chorion or Allantoides so the other is called Amnios or Agnina which doth compasse the seed or child about on every side These membranes are most thin yea for their thinnesse like unto the spiders web woven one upon another and also connexed in many places by the extremities of certaine small and hairy substances which at length by the adjunction of their like do get strength wherby you may understand what is the cause why by divers and violent motions of the mother in going and dancing or leaping and also of the infant in the wombe those membranes are not almost broken For they are so conjoyned by the knots of those hairie substances that betweene them nothing neither the urine nor the sweate can come as you may plainely and evidently perceive in the dissection of a womans body that is great with child not depending on any other mans opinion be it never so old or inveterate yet the strength of those membranes is not so great but that they may bee soone broken in the birth by the kicking of the child CHAP. VIII Of the umbilicall vessels or the vessels belonging to the navell MAny of the ancient Writers have written that there are five vessels found in the navell But yet in many nay all the bodies I sought in for them I could never finde but three that is to say one veine which is very large so that in the passage thereof it will receive the tagge of a poynt and two arteries but not so large but much narrower because the childe wanteth or standeth in need of much more bloud for his conformation and the nutriment or increase of his parts than of vitall spirit These vessels making the body of the navell which as it is thought is formed within nine or tenne dayes by their doubling and folding make knots like unto the knots of a Franciscan Friers girdle that staying the running bloud in those their knotty windings they might more perfectly concoct the same as may be seene in the ejaculatory spermatick vessels for which use also the length of the navell is halfe an ell so that in many infants that are somewhat growne is is found three or foure times doubled about their neck or thigh As long as the childe is in his mothers wombe hee taketh his nutriment onely by the navell and not by his mouth neither doth hee enjoy the use of eyes eares nostrils or fundament neither needeth hee the functions of the heart For spirituous bloud goeth unto it by the arteries of the navell and into the iliack arteries and from the iliack arteries unto all the other arteries of the whole body for by the motion of these onely the infant doth breathe Therefore it is not to bee supposed that aire is carryed or drawne in by the lungs unto the heart in the body of the childe but contrariwise from the heart to the lungs For neither the heart doth performe the generation or working of bloud or of the vitall spirits For the issue or infant is contented with them as they are made and wrought by his mother Which untill it hath obtained a full perfect and whole description of his parts and members cannot be called a child but rather an embrion or an imperfect substance CHAP. IX Of the ebullition or swelling of the seed in the wombe and of the concretion of the bubbles or bladders or the three principall entralls IN the sixe first dayes of conception the new vessels are thought to bee made and brought forth of the eminences or cotylidons of the mothers vessels and dispersed into all the whole seede as they were fibres or hairy strings Those as they
assaults by somewhat yeelding to their impression no otherwise than soft things opposed against cannon shot Wee will prosecute the other differences of gristles in their place as occasion shall be offered and required CHAP. II. Of the containing and contained parts of the Chest THe containing parts of the chest are both the skinnes the fleshie pannicle the fat the breasts the common coate of the muscles the muscles of that place the forementioned bones the coate investing the ribbes and the Diaphragma or midriffe The parts contained are the Mediastinum the Pericardium or purse of the heart the heart the lungs their vessels Of the containing parts some are common to all the body or the most part thereof as both the skins the fleshie pannicle and fat Of which being we have spoken in our first Booke there is no neede now further to insist upon Others are proper to the chest as its muscles of which we will speake in their place the brests the forementioned bones the membrane investigating the ribs and the Diaphragma or midriffe Wee will treate of all these in order after we have first shewed you the way how you may separate the skinne from the rest of the chest Putting your knife downe even to the perfect division of the skinne you must draw a straite line from the upper part of the lower belley even to the chinne then draw another straight line overtwhart at the collar bones even to the shoulder-blades and in the places beneath the collar-bones if you desire to shunne prolixitie you may at once separate both the skinnes the fleshie pannicle the fat and common coate of the muscles because these parts were shewed and spoken of in the dissection of the lower belley Yet you must reserve the brests in dissecting of the bodies of women wherefore from the upper parts of the breasts as artificially as you can separate onely the skin from the parts lying under it that so you may shew the Pannicle which there becommeth fleshie and musculous and is so spred over the necke and parts of the face even to the rootes of the haires CHAP. III. Of the Breasts or Dugges THe Breasts as wee said when we spoke of the nature of glandules are of a glandulous substance white rare or spongious in maides and women that doe not give sucke they are more solid and not so large Wherefore the bignesse of the Dugges is different although of a sufficient magnitude in all Their figure is round somewhat long and in some sort Pyramidall Their composure is of the skinne the fleshie pannicle glandules fat nerves veines and arteries descending to them from the Axillaris under the Sternon betwixt the fourth and fifth and sometimes the sixth of the true ribbes And there they are divided into infinite rivelets by the interposition of the glandules and fat by which fit matter may be brought to be changed into milke by the facultie of the dugges Wee will speake no more of the nature of glandules or kernels as having treated of them before onely we will add this that some of the glandules have nerves as those of the brests which they receive from the parts lying under them that is from the intercostall by which it comes to passe that they have most exquisit sense Others want a nerve as those which serve onely for division of the vessels and which have no action but onely use They be two in number on each side one seated at the sides of the Sternon upon the fourth fifth and sixth true ribs Wherefore they have connexion with the mentioned parts with their body but by their vessels with all other parts but especially with the wombe by the reliques of the mamillary veines and arteryes which descend downe at the sides of the brest-blade in which place these veines insinuating themselves through the substance of the muscles are a litle above the navill conjoined with the Epigastricks whose originall is in some sort opposite to the Hypogastrickes which send forth branches to the wombe By the meeting of these it is more likely that this commerce should arise than from other and those almost capillary branches which are sometimes seene to descend to the wombe from the Epigastrick They are of a cold and moist temper wherefore they say that the blood by being converted into milke becomes raw flegmaticke and white by the force of the proper flesh of the dugs Their action is to prepare nourishment for the new borne babe to warme the heart from whence they have received heat and to adorne the brest By this you may know that some Glandules have action others use and some both At the top of the dugs there are certaine hillockes or eminencies called tears or nipples by sucking of which the child is nourished through certaine small and crooked passages which though they appeare manifest to the sight whilest you presse out the milke by pressing the dug yet when the milke is pressed out they doe not appeare nor so much as admit the point of a needle by reason of the crooked wayes made by nature in those passages for this use that the milke being perfectly made should not flow out of its owne accord against the nurses will For so the seed is retained and kept for a certaine time in the Prostats CHAP. IIII. Of the Clavitles or Coller bones and Ribs IF we should handle these parts after the common order we should now treat of the Muscles of the Chest which move the arme and serve for respiration and which first offer themselves to our sight But for that they cannot be fitly shewed unlesse wee hurt the muscles of the shoulder blade and necke therefore I thinke it better to deferre the explanation of these muscles untill such time as I have shewed the rest of the contained and containing parts not onely of the chest but also of the head that having finished these we may come to a full demonstration of all the rest of the muscles beginning with those of the head which wee first meet with and so prosequuting the rest even to the muscles of the feet as they shall seeme to offer themselves more fitly to dissection that so as much as lyes in us we may shunne confusion Wherefore returned to our proposed taske after the foresaid muscles come the Collar bones the sternon and ribs But that these parts may be the more easily understood wee must first know what a bone is and whence the differences thereof are drawne Therefore a bone is a part of our body most terrestriall cold dry hard wanting all manifest sense if the teeth be excepted I said manifest sense that you may understand that the parts have a double sense of touching the one manifest such as resides in the flesh skin membranes nerves Teeth and certaine other parts the other obscure yet which may suffice to discerne the helping and hurting tactile qualityes such sense the
entrance of the lungs are divided into two other large branches and each of them goe to his peculiar Lobe of the lungs and these againe runne almost into infinite other branches dispersed in three places over the Lungs These vessels have acquired their names by reason of that transmutation of consistence whereby the composure of a veine degenerates into an arterye and that of an arterye into a veine for the commodity of life For this is a miracle of prudent nature to change the coats of the vessels of the lungs producing a veine which in its body should imitate an arterye and an arterye which should represent a veine For if the vena arteriosae should have retained its proper consistence the arterious blood which is carried by it from the heart to nourish the lungs might by reason of its subtility penetrate through and flow away by reason of the rarity of the veinous texture and so nature should never have attained her conceived end that is to nourish the Lungs by reason of the continuall motion of their contraction and dilatation For nourishment cannot be assimulated to the part unlesse it be put and cleave to it Wherefor it was fit that nature should make the body of this veine solid that it might be immoveable unshaken and stubborne in respect of a veine which by its softnesse would have been too obsequious and yeilding to the agitation of the Lungs that so it might have nourishment which might be diffused into all parts thereof and which might neither bee drawne by its Diastole nor driven back into the heart by its systole But the arterye hath the consistence of a veine that by that veinous softnesse according to the necessity of nature it might be the more readily contracted and dilated to bring the Aire in and carry the vapours forth of the heart Here wee meet with a difficulty which is by what way the blood is carried out of the right into the left ventricle of the heart Galen thinkes that there be certaine holes in the partition made for that purpose and verily there are such but they are not perforated Wherefore Columbus hath found out a new way which is that the blood is carried to the lungs by the vena arteriosa and there attenuated and carried from thence together with the aire by the Arteria venosa to the left ventricle of the heart this he writes truely very probablely Botallus in his treatise De Catarrho hath found out a third way to wit a veine which he calls Arteriarum nutrix that is The nurse of the Arteryes which creepes a litle above the Coronall to the right eare of the Heart and then goes into the left eare thereof But yet I am very much afraid that this veine observed by Botallus is that vessell observed by Fallopius whereby the Vena arterialis is joined to the Aorta by which all the vitall blood is carryed for the forming and nourishment of the lungs whilest the infant is yet in the wombe Of which also Galen makes mention but it had laine hid from his time to this day but that Fallopius raised up the memory of it againe CHAP. XIII The distribution of the ascendent Hollow veine THe Hollow veine riseing out of the gibbous part of the Liver and resembling according to Galen the body of a tree is divided into two notable branches but not of a like bignes For the greater by the hind part of the Liver upon the back bone and by the way receives certaine other branches from the substance of the Liver which entred not into the great trunck with the rest You may often see this descendent branch even to the backe bone upon which it lyes in this its descent covered with the substance of the liver so that it may seeme that branch proceeds not from that common trunck together with the ascendant although indeed it alwayes doth But the lesser branch ascends to the upper parts and is distributed after this manner following For first ariseing into the midriffe it bestowes two small veines upon it on each side one which from that part are called Phrenicae But from thence when it arrives at the right Eare of the Heart it makes the Coronales the Coronall or Crowne veines which compasse the basis of the heart in manner of a Crowne Thirdly entring somewhat more deeply into its right Eare in its greater part it produces the vena arteriosa Fourthly lifted up above the heart on the right side it produces the veine Azygos or sine pari that is without a fellow which descending to the fourth rib reckoning from above downewards nourisheth the intercostall muscles and also the membranes of the 8 lower ribs on both sides sending a branch into each of the muscles at the lower part of the rib which may bee sufficient for their nourishment Besides also oftentimes especially in little men this veine Azygos nourishes all the spaces between all the ribs by the like branches which it sends in the same manner to the foure upper ribs Moreover also this Azygos sometimes though but seldome is found double that is on each side one Here you must chiefly observe that this veine after it hath nourished the spaces between the lower ribs in its remainder descends under the Diaphragma and is joined on the left side to the Emulgent vein by which it is manifest how an Abscesse may be critically evacuated by the urine in a pleurisye But this same Azygos is more depressed on the right side and meets with the Venae lumbares but especially with one of them which goes downe to the thigh whereby Fallopius gathers that it is very convenient in the beginnings of Pleurisyes to open the vena poplitis the veine of the Ham. Fifthly above the Azygos when it is wanting there it sends forth the branch called Intercostalis to the other spaces between the upper ribs although this is sometimes seene to come from the Axillares which Sylvius calls the subclaviae Sixtly it brings forth the Mammariae so called because in their greater part they run to the dugs between the fourth and fifth ribs for the uses formerly mentioned men and women have on each side one of these comming from the Subclaviae They are sometimes found to proceed by a certaine common orifice from the hollow veine before it be divided into the Subclavian branches but it is rather in beasts than in men these veines descending by the sides of the sternon yeild nourishment to the 2 inner muscles of the chest to the 7 intercostall muscles of the true ribs to the sternon it selfe and to its ligaments and gristles as also to the Mediastinum and the upper part of the right muscles and the adjacent parts Seaventhly it produces the Cervicalis which on both sides through the holes of the productions of the Vertebra's of the necke ascends to the head sending many
Hydrargyrum as a certaine higher power conteines therein all the power of Guajacum yet much more excellent and efficacious for besides that it heats attenuates cuts resolves and dryes it provokes sweat and urine and besides it expels noxious humours upwards and downewards by the mouth and stoole By which evacuations not onely the more subtle but also the more grosse and foeculent excrements wherein the seat of this disease is properly fixed are dispersed and evacuated by which the Physician may bee bold to assure himselfe of certaine victory over the disease But after the use of the decoction of Guajacum fresh paines and knots arise by the reliques of the more grosse and viscous humours left in the cavities of the entrailes but Hydrargyrum leaves no reliques behind it CHAP. VII How to make choice of the wood Guajacum THat is preferred before the rest which is of a great logge of a dusky colour new gummy with a fresh strong smell an acride and some what biting taste the barke cleaving very close to the wood It hath a faculty to heat rarifie attenuate attract to cause sweat and move urine and besides by a specifick property to weaken the viculency of the Lues Venerea There are three substances taken notice of in this wood the first is the barke the other is a whitish wood which is next to the barke the third is the heart of the wood that is the inner blackish and more dusky part thereof The barke is the more dry wherefore you shall use it when as you would dry more powerfully the middle substance is more moist because it is more succulent and fat that which lyeth betweene both is of a milde temper Wherefore the two last are more convenient for delicate natures and rare bodies which require lesse drying Furthermore the barke must be given to dense and strong natures that by the more fierie force thereof the humours may be made more fluide and the passages of the body more passable But I would here bee understood to meane such barke as is not putride and rotten with age to which fault it is very subject for that long before it bee shipped by our people the wood lyeth in heapes upon the shore in the open aire untill they can finde chapmen for it which when it is brought aboard it is stowed in the hold or bottome of the ship where beneath by the sea through the chinkes of the bords and above by the mariners it usually gathereth much dirt When it is brought hither to us it is bought and sold by weight wherfore that it may keep the weight the Druggists lay it up in vaults and cellars under ground where the surface thereof bedewed with much moisture can scarce escape mouldinesse and rottennesse Wherefore I doe not like to give the decoction either of the barke or wood which is next thereto to sicke people CHAP. VIII Of the preparation of the decoction of Guajacum FIrst you must have your Guajacum shaved into small pieces and to every pound of the shavings adde of faire water eight ten or twelve pints more or lesse as the nature of the party and condition of the disease shall seeme to require according to the rule of the formerly mentioned indications Let the water be hot or warme especially if it be in winter that so it may the more easily throughly enter into the body of the wood draw into it selfe the faculties thereof in the space of twenty foure houres wherein it is macerated then boyle it in balneo to avoyd empyreuma or taste of fire which it will contract by boyling it over a hot fire Yet some nothing regard this but thinke the patient sufficiently served if they make a decoction in an earthen pot well glased over a gentle fire so that no part of the liquor may runne over the mouth of the vessel for that thus so much of the strength of the decoction might vanish away Howsoever it be made let it be boyled to the consumption of half a third or fourth part as the nature of the patient disease shall seem to require There be some who mixe divers simples therwith which have an occult and proper simpathy with that part of the body which is principally hurt by the disease which at the least may serve in stead of a vehicle to carry the faculties of the decoction thither where the disease most reigneth Others adde thereto purging medicines whose judgement I cannot approve of for that I thinke it is not for the patients good to attempt two evacuations at once that is to expell the humors by sweat by the habit of the body and by purging by the belly for that as much urine so also much sweat shewes little evacuation by stoole For these two motions are contrary which nature cannot brooke at once For purging drawes from the circumference to the Center but sweat runs a quite contrary course and this is the opinion of many great physitians This first decoction being boyled out strained the like quantity of water shall be put to the stuffe or masse that so being boyled again without any further infusion strained with the addition of a little cinamon for the strengthening of the stomacke the patient may use it at his meales and betweene his meales if he be dry for his ordinary drinke The quantity of the first decoction to be taken at once ought to be some five or sixe ounces and it shall be drunke warm that so it may be the sooner brought into action and lest the actuall coldnesse should offend the stomacke and then the patient being well covered shall keep himself in bed and there expect sweat which if it come slowly on it shall bee helped forwards with stone bottles filled full of hot water and put to the soles of the feet If any parts in the interim shall bee much pained they shall bee comforted by applying of swines bladders halfe filled with the same decoction heated Neither will it bee unprofitable before the decoction bee drunke to rubbe over all the body with warme linnen clothes that by this meanes the humours may be attenuated and the pores of the skinne opened When he shall have sweat some two houres the parts opposite to the grieved places shall first be wiped then presently but more gently the grieved parts themselves lest a greater confluxe of humours flow thereto These things being done he shall keep himself in bed shunning the cold aire untill he be cooled and come to himselfe againe some two houres after hee shall so dine as the disease and his former custome shall seeme to require sixe houres after betaking himselfe to his bed hee shall drinke the like quantity of the decoction and order himselfe as before But if he be either weake or weary of his bed it shall bee sufficient to keepe the house without lying downe for although he shall not sweate yet there
as cannot eat without much labour exercise and hunger and who are no lovers of Break-fasts having evacuated their excrements before they goe from home must strengthen the heart with some Antidote against the virulency of the infection Amongst which Aqua Theriacalis or Treacle-water two ounces with the like quantity of Sacke is much commended being drunke and rubbing the nostrils mouth and eares with the same for the Treacle-water strengthens the heart expels poyson and is not onely good for a preservative but also to cure the disease it selfe For by sweat it drives forth the poyson contained within It should be made in Iune at which time all simple medicines by the vitall heat of the Sun are in their greatest efficacie The composition whereof is thus Take the roots of Gentian Cyperus Tormentill Diptam or Fraxinella Elecampaine of each one ounce the leaves of Mullet Cardâ—us Benedictus Divels-bit Burnet Scabious Sheepes Sorrell of each halfe a handfull of the tops of Rue a little quantity Mirtle Berries one ounce of red Rose leaves the flowers of Buglosse Borage and St. Johns wurt of each one ounce let them be all cleansed dryed and macerated for the space of twenty foure hours in one pound of white wine or Malmesey and of Rose-water or Sorrell water then let them bee put in a vessell of glasse and adde thereto of Treacle and Mithridate of each foure ounces then distill them in Balneo Mariae and let the distilled water bee received in a glasse Viall and let there be added thereto of Saffron two drams of bole Armenick Terra Sigillata yellow Sanders shavings of Ivory and Harts-horne of each halfe an ounce then let the glasse be well stopped and set in the Sun for the space of eight or ten daies Let the prescribed quantity be taken every morning so oft as shall be needfull It may bee given without hurt to sucking children and to women great with child But that it may be the more pleasant it must bee strained through an Hippocras bag adding thereto some suger and cinamon Some thinke themselves sufficiently defended with a root of Elecampaine Zedoarie or Angelica rowled in their mouth or chawed betweene their teeth Others drinke every morning one dram of the root of Gentian brused being macerated for the space of one night in two ounces of white-wine Others take Worme-wood wine Others sup up in a rere egge one dram of Terra Sigillata or of Harts-horne with'a little Saffron and drinke two ounces of wine after it There be some that doe infuse bole Armenicke the roots of Gentian Tormentill Diptam the Berries of Juniper Cloves Mace Cinamon Saffron and such like in aqua vitae and strong white wine and so distill it in Balneo Mariae This Cordiall water that followeth is of great vertue Take of the roots of the long and round Aristolochia Tormentill Diptam of each three drams of Zedoarie two drams Lignum Aloes yellow Saunders of each one dram of the leaves of Scordium St. Johns wurt Sorrell Rue Sage of each halfe an ounce of Bay and Juniper berries of each three drams Citron seeds one dram Cloves Mace Nutmegs of each two drams of Mastick Olibanum bole Armenick Terra Sigillata shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each one ounce of Saffron on scruple of the conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillies and old Treacle of each one ounce of Camphire halfe a dram of aqua vitae halfe a pint of white wine two pints and a half make therof a distillation in Balneo Mariae The use of this distilled water is even as Treacle water is The Electuary following is very effectuall Take of the best Treacle three ounces Juniper berries and Carduus seeds of each one dram and a halfe of bole Armenicke prepared halfe an ounce of the powder of the Electuarie de Gemmis and Diamargariton frigidum the powder of Harts-horne and red Corall of each one dram mixe them with the syrupe of the rindes and juice of Pome-citrons as much as shall suffice and make thereof a liquid Electuary in the forme of an Opiate let them take every morning the quantity of a Filberd drinking after it two drams of the water of Scabious Cherryes Carduus Benedictus and of some such like cordiall things or of strong wine The following Opiate is also very profitable which also may be made into Tablets Take of the roots of Angelica Gentian Zedoarie Elecampaine of each two drams of Cytron and Sorrell seeds of each halfe a dramme of the dryed rindes of Cytrons Cinnamon Bay and Juniper berries and Saffron of each one scruple of conferve of Roses and Buglosse of each one ounce and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient make thereof Tablets of the weight of halfe a dram let him take one of them two houres before meate or make thereof an Opiate with equall parts of conserves of Buglosse and Mel Anthosatum and so adding all the rest dry and in powder Or take of the roots of Valerian Tormentill Diptam of the leaves of Rue of each halfe an ounce of Saffron Mace Nutmegs of each halfe a dram of bole Armenick prepared halfe an ounce of conserve of Roses and syrupe of Lemons as much as will bee sufficient to make thereof an Opiate liquid enough Or take of the roots of both the Aristolochia's of Gentian Tormentill Diptam of each one dram and an halfe of Ginger three drams of the leaves of Rue Sage Mints and Penny-royall of each two drams of Bay and Juniper berries Cytron seeds of each foure scruples of Mace Nutmegs Cloves Cinnamon of each two drams of Lignum aloes and yellow Saunders of each one dram of Male Frankincense i. Olibanum Masticke shavings of Harts-horne and Ivory of each two scruples of Saffron halfe a dram of bole Armenicke Terra Sigillata red Corall Pearle of each one dram of conserves of Roses Buglosse flowers water-lillyes and old Treacle of each one ounce of loafe sugar one pound and a quarter a little before the end of the making it up adde two drams of Confectio Alkermes and of Camphire dissolved in Rose-water one scruple make thereof an Opiate according to Art the dose thereof is from halfe a dram to halfe a scruple Treacle and Mithridate faithfully compounded excell all Cordiall medicines adding for every halfe ounce of each of them one ounce and a halfe of conserves of Roses or of Buglosse or of Violets and three drams of bole Armenicke prepared Of these being mixed with stirring and incorporated together make a conserve It must be taken in the morning the quantity of a Filberd You must choose that Treacle that is not lesse than foure years old nor above twelve that which is some-what new is judged to be most meet for cholerick persons but that which is old for flegmatick and old men For at the beginning the strength of the Opium that enters into the composition thereof remaines in its full vertue for a
for your use and so soone as the patient doth thinke himselfe to be infected let him take foure ounces of that liquor then let him walke and sweate He must leave sweating when he beginneth to waxe faint and weake or when the humour that runs downe his body begins to waxe cold then his body must be wiped with warme clothes and dryed The patient ought not to sweat with a full stomacke for so the heat is called away from performing the office of concoction also he must not sleep when he is in his sweat lest the malignity goe in wardly with the heat and spirits unto the principall parts but if the patient bee much inclined to sleep hee must bee kept from it with hard rubbing and bands tyed about the extreme parts of his body and with much noise of those that are about him and let his friends comfort him with the good hope that they have of his recovery but if all this will not keepe him from sleepe dissolve Castoreum in tart Vinegar and Aqua vitae and let it bee injected into his nostrils and let him bee kept continually waking the first day and on the second and third even unto the fourth that is to say unto the perfect expulsion of the venome and let him not sleep above three or foure houres on a day and night In the meane time let the Physician that shall bee present consider all things by his strength for it is to be feared that great watchings will dissolve the strength and make the patient weake you must not let him eate within three houres after his sweating in the meane season as his strength shall require let him take the rinde of a preserved Citron conserve of Roses bread toasted and steeped in wine the meat of a preserved Myrabolane or some such like thing CHAP. XXIII Of Epithemes to be used for the strengthening of the principall parts THere are also some topick medicines to bee reckoned amongst Antidotes which must be outwardly applyed as speedily as may be as cordiall and hepaticke Epithemes for the safety of the noble parts and strengthening of the faculties as those that drive the venenate aire farre from the bowels they may be made of cordiall things not onely hot but also cold that they may temper the heat and more powerfully repercusse They must be applyed warme with a scarlet or a double linnen cloth or a soft spunge dipped in them if so be that a Carbuncle doe not possesse the regions of the noble parts for it is not fit to use repercussives to a Carbuncle You may make Epithemes after the following formes ℞ aquar ros plantag solan an ℥ iv aquae acetos vini granat aceti an ℥ iii. santal rub coral rub pulveris an ʒiii theriac vet ℥ ss camph. ℈ ii croci ℈ i. carioph ʒss misce fiat epithema Or else R. aqu ros plantag an ℥ x. aceti ros ℥ iv carioph sant rub coral rub pulveris pul diamargarit frigid an ʒiss caphurae moschi an ℈ i. fiat epithemae Or ℞ aquar rosar melissae an ℥ iv aceti ros ℥ iii. sant rub ʒi caryophyl ʒss croci ℈ ii caphurae ℈ i. boli arm terraesigil zedoar an ʒi fiat epithema Or else ℞ aceti rosat aquae rosat an lb. ss caphuraeʒss theriac mithridat an ʒi fiat epithema Or else aqu rosar nenuph. buglos acetosae aceti rosar an lb. ss sant rub ros rub an ʒiii flor nenuph. violar caphur an ʒss mithrid theriac an ʒii terantur misceantur simul omnia When you intend to use them take some portion of them in a vessell by its selfe wherewith let the affected bowell be fomented warme CHAP. XXIIII Whether purging and bloud-letting bee necessary in the beginning of pestilent diseases SO soon as the heart is strengthened corroberated with cordials antidotes we must come to phlebotomy purging As concerning bloud-letting in this case there is a great controversie among Physicians Those that wish it to be used say or affirme that the pestilent Feaver doth infixe it selfe in the bloud and therein also the pestilent malignity taketh its seate and therefore it will soone infect the other humours unlesse that the bloud be evacuated the infection that remaineth in the bloud be thereby taken away Contrariwise those that do not allow phlebotomy in this case alledge that it often commeth to passe that the bloud is voyd of malignity when the other humours are infected with the venemous contagion If any man require my judgement in this doubtfull question I say that the pestilence sometimes doth depend on the default of the aire This default being drawne through the passages of the body doth at length pierce unto the entrals as we may understand by the abscesses which breake out one while behind the eares sometimes in the arme-holes and sometimes in the groines as the braine heart or liver are infected And hereof also come Carbuncles and other collections of matter and eruptions which are seene in all parts of the body by reason that nature using the strength of the expulsive faculty doth drive forth whatsoever is noysome or hurtfull Therefore if the Physician will follow this motion of nature he must neither purge nor let bloud lest that by a contrary motion that is by drawing in from without the motion of nature which proceeds outwardly from within should be troubled So wee often see in those who are purged or let bloud for such Buboes as come through unlawfull copulation that the matter is thereby made contumacious and by drawing it inwardly it speedily causeth the French Pocks Wherefore when Buboes Carbuncles and other pestilent eruptions appeare which come through the default of the Aire we ought to abstain from purging and phlebotomie but it is sufficient to fore-arme the heart inwardly and outwardly with Antidotes that are endued with a proper vertue of resisting the poyson For it is not to bee doubted but that when nature is debilitated with both kindes of evacuation and when the spirits together with the bloud are exhausted the venemous Aire will soone pierce and be received into the empty body where it exerciseth its tyranny to the utter destruction thereof In the yeare of our Lord God 1565. in which yeare there was great mortality throughout all France by reason of the pestilence and pestilent diseases I earnestly diligently enquired of all the Physicians Chirurgians of all the Cities through which King Charles the ninth passed in his progresse unto Bayon what successe their patients had after they were letten bloud and purged whereunto they all answered alike that they had diligently observed that all that were infected with the Pestilence and were letten bleed some good quantity of bloud or had their bodies some-what strongly purged thence forwards waxed weaker and weaker and so at length dyed but others which were not let bloud nor purged but took cordiall
day unlesse the spots appeare before If the patient fluxe at the mouth it must not bee stopped when the spots and pustles doe all appeare and the patient hath made an end of sweating it shall be convenient to use diureticke medicines for by these the remnant of the matter of the spots which happely could not all breath forth may easily be purged and avoyded by urine If any noble or gentlemen refuse to be anointed with this unguent let them be enclosed in the body of a Mule or Horse that is newly killed and when that is cold let them bee layed in another untill the pustles and eruptions doe breake forth being drawne by that naturall heat For so Mathiolus writeth that Valentinus the sonne of Pope Alexander the sixt was delivered from the danger of most deadly poyson which he had drunke CHAP. XXX Of a pestilent Bubo or Plague-sore APestilent Bubo is a tumor at the beginning long and moveable and in the state and full perfection copped and with a sharp head unmoveable and fixed deepely in the glandules or kernells by which the braine exonerates it selfe of the venemous and pestiferous matter into the kernells that are behind the eares and in the neck the heart into those that are in the arm-holes and the liver into those that are in the groine that is when all the matter is grosse and clammy so that it cannot be drawn out by spots and pustles breaking out on the skinne and so the matter of a Carbuncle is sharpe and so fervent that it maketh an Eschar on the place where it is fixed In the beginning while the Bubo is breeding it maketh the patient to feele as it were a cord or rope stretched in the place or a hardened nerve with pricking pain shortly after the matter is raised up as it were into a knob and by little and little it groweth bigger and is enflamed these accidents before mentioned accompanying it If the tumour be red and encrease by little and little it is a good and salutary signe but if it be livid or black and come very slowly unto his just bignesse it is a deadly signe It is also a deadly signe if it encrease sodainely and come unto his just bignesse as it were with a swift violence and as in a moment have all the symptomes in the highest excesse as paine swelling and burning Buboes or Sores appeare sometimes of a naturall colour like unto the skinne and in all other things like unto an oedematous tumour which notwithstanding will sodainely bring the patient to destruction like those that are livide and black wherefore it is not good to trust too much to those kindes of tumours CHAP. XXXI Of the cure of Buboes or Plague-sores SO soon as the Bubo appeares apply a Cupping-glasse with a great flame unto it unlesse it be that kinde of Bubo which will suddenly have all the accidents of burning and swelling in the highest nature but first the skinne must be anointed with the oyle of lillies that so it being made more loose the Cupping-glasse may draw the stronger and more powerfully it ought to sticke to the part for the space of a quarter of an houre be renewed and applyed again every three quarters of an houre for so at length the venom shall be the better drawn forth from any noble part that is weak and the work of suppuration or resolution whichsoever nature hath assaied will the better and sooner bee absolved and perfected which may bee also done by the application of the following ointment Take of Uuguentum Dialthaea one ounce and a halfe oile of Scorpions halfe an ounce of Mithridate dissolved in Aquavitae halfe a dramme this liniment will very well relaxe and loosen the skin open the pores thereof spend forth portion of that matter which the Cupping-glasse hath drawne thither in stead thereof mollifying fomentations may bee made and other drawing and suppurating medicines which shall be described hereafter A Vesicatory applied in a meet place below the Bubo profits them very much but not above as for example If the Bubo be in the throat the Vesicatory must be applied unto the shoulder-blade on the same side if it be in the arme-holes it must be applied in the midst of the arme or of the shoulder-bone on the inner side if in the groin in the midst of the thigh on the inner side that by the double passage that is open for to draw out the matter the part wherein the venome is gathered together may be the better exonerated Spurge Crow-foot Arsemart Beare-foot Bridny the middle barke of Travellers-joy the rindes of Mullet Flammula or upright Virgins-bower are fit for raising blisters If you cannot come by those simple medicines you may apply this which followeth which may be prepared at all times Take Cantharides Pepper Euphorbium Pellitory of Spain of each halfe a dram of soure leaven two drammes of Mustard one dramme and a little Vinegar the vinegar is added thereto to withhold or restraine the vehemency of the Cantharides but in want of this medicine it shall suffice to drop scalding oyle or water or a burning candle or to lay a burning coale on the place for so you may raise blisters which must ptesently be cut away and you must see that you keep the ulcers open flowing as long as you can by applying the leaves of red coleworts Beetes or Ivie dipped in warme water and anointed with oyle or fresh butter Some apply Cauteties but Vesicatories work with more speed for before the Eschar of the Cauteries will fall away the patient may dye therefore the ulcers that are made with Vesicatories will suffice to evacuate the pestilent venome because that doth worke rather by its quality than its quantity Let the abscesse bee fomented as is shewed before and then let the medicine following which hath vertue to draw be applied Fill a great onion being hollowed with Treacle and the leaves of Rue then roast it under the hot Embers beat it with a little Leaven and a little Swines grease and so apply it warme unto the abscesse or sore let it be changed every sixe houres Or Take the roots of Marsh-mallowes and Lillies of each halfe a pound of Line Foenugreek and Mustard seeds of each halfe an ounce of Treacle one dramme ten Figges and as much Hâ—gges grease as shall suffice make thereof a cataplasme according to Art Or take of Onions and Garlicke roasted in the embers of each three ounces bruise them with one ounce of sower leaven adding thereto Unguentum Basilicon one ounce Treacle one dramme Mithridate halfe a dramme of old Hogs greace one ounce of Cantharides in pouder one scruple of Pigeons dung two drams beat them and mixe them together into the forme of a cataplasme Hereunto old Rennet is very profitable for it is hot and therfore attractive being mixed with old Leaven and Basilicon you ought to use these untill the abscesse be
are taken from living creatures either whole and entire or else the parts and excrements of them Wee oft times use in Phisicke whole creatures as foxes whelps hedge-hogs frogs snailes wormes crabbes and other living creatures Wee also make use of some parts of them as the liver of a wolfe or goat the lungs of the foxe the bone of the stagges heart Cranium humanum fat blood flesh marrow the cods of the Castor or Beaver which is therefore termed Castoreum and such other particles that are usefull in Physicke We know also that there are some medicines taken from excrements as hornes nailes haires feathers skin as also from urine dung spittle hony egges waxe milke wooll sweat and others of this kinde under which wee may comprehend muske civet pearle oesipus and sundry others of this nature Wee take medicines from plants both whole and also from their parts whether trees shrubs or herbes For we oft times use succory marsh-mallowes mallowes plantaine and the like whole but otherwhiles onely the roots of plants their pith wood barke shoots stalkes leaves flowers seeds fruits juices gummes rosines mosses and the like Things taken from the earth for the use and matter of medicine are either earths stones or mineralls The sorts of earth are Bole armenicke Terra sigillata fullers earth chalke potters clay and such like Stones are the pumice Marchisite of gold silver brasse marble the load-stone plaister chalke sulphur vivum lapis specularis and others Metals and mineralls are gold silver tinne lead brasse iron steele antimony cerusse brimstone cinnaber litharge of gold and silver tutty true Pompholix verdigreece alume romane vitrioll coprose white and greene salts of sundry kinds both the Arsenickes and such like The following medicines are from fresh water raine water spring water river water and all things thence arising as water lentile common flagges water lillies water mints and all the creatures that live therein From the salt water are taken salt Alcyonium all sorts of corall shels of fish as also cuttle bones sponges and all creatures of the sea From waters mixt of salt and fresh the herbe Androsace which growes in plenty in the marshes at Fontignan and Cape de Sete Asphaltum which is found in the dead sea From the aire proceeds Manna therefore called melaërium i. e. hony of the aire and also all other kindes of dew that are usefull in Physicke by reason of the vertues they receive from the sunne which raiseth them up from the aire whereas they make some stay as also from the plants whereupon they fall and reside CHAP. III. The differences of simples in their qualities and effects ALL the mentioned sorts of simples are endued with one or more of the foure faculties whereof I now purpose to treat The first faculty common to all the rest and as it were their foundation flowes from the foure first qualities of the prime bodies or elements that is heat coldnesse drynesse and moisture and this either simple or compound as one or two of these prime qualities exceed in the temper of the medicine as it may appeare by the following tables The simple quality is either to Heat Coole Humect Dry. The compound arising from two joyned qualities either Heats and dries Heats and moistens Cooles and dries Cooles moistens Heat which is moderate Heats Attenuates Rarifyes Opens the passages Digests Suppurates immoderate Inflames and burnes Bites whence followes Violent attraction Rubrification Consumption Colliquation An eschar Mortification Cold which is moderate Cooleth Condenseth Obstructeth immoderare Congeales Stupefyes Mortifyes Moisture which is moderate Humects Lubricates Levigates and mitigates Glues immoderate Obstructs Lifts up into a flatulent tumour especially if it be a vaporous humidity Drynesse which is moderate Dryes Rarifyes Attenuates immoderate Binds Contracts or shrinks Causeth chops and scailes The effect of these qualities is distinguished and as Galen observes digested into these orders which wee terme Degrees so that by a certaine proportion and measure they may serve to oppugne diseases as the same Galen affirmes For to a disease for example hot in the second degree no other medicine must bee used than that which is cold in the like degree Wherefore all simple medicines are Hot Cold Moist Dry in the Beginning Middle Extreme of the first second third fourth degree The Heat of the first degree is Obscure The Coldnesse of the second degree is Manifest The Moisture of the third degree is Vehement The Drynesse of the fourth degree is Excessive An example of heat distinguished thus by degrees may bee thus Warme water is temperate that which is a little hotter is in the first degree of heat if manifestly hot it is in the second degree but if it heat more vehemently it may be thought to come to the third but if it scald then we know that it hath arrived to the fourth degree of heate Such also is the distinction of coldnesse moisture and drinesse by their degrees Wherefore it will be worth our labour to give you examples of certain medicines distinguished in their order and degree by which you may the more easily give conjecture of the rest Simple Medicines hot in the First degree Absinthium Althaea Amygdala dulcia Beta Brassica Chamaemelum Ladanum Semen Lini Saccharum Ervum sive Orobus Vinum novum For old is judged hot in the second or third degree as it is more or lesse yeares old Second degree Ammoniacum Arthemisia Anethum Foenugraecum Mastiche Salvia Marrubium Melissa Pix utraque tum arida corporibus particulisque solidioribus aptior tum liquida delicatioribus Scilla Sarcocolla Bryonia Apium Chamaepytis Crocus Ficus Thus. Myrrhae Mel. Nux moschata Sal. Opopanax Ammi Simples hot in the Third degree Abrotanum Agnus castus Anisum Asarum Aristolochia Chamaedrys Sabina Calamintha Cinamomum Iris. Juniperus Hyssopus Origanum Sagapenum Chelidonium majus Ruta saliva Fourth degree Allium Caepa Euphorbium Nasturtium Pyrethrum Sinapi Tithymalli Anacardi Chelidonium minus Galeno Yet ours by reason of the gentleness of the ayre moisture of our soile is not so acride Ruta sylvestris This as all wilde and not cultivated things becomes more strong and acride than the Garden Rue Simples cold in the First degree Atriplex Hordeum Cydonia mala Malva Pyra Pruna Rosa Viola Second degree Acacia Cucurbita Cucumis Malagranata acida dulcia enim temperata sunt potiùs Plantago Polyganum Solanum hortense nam id quod somniferum dicitur vi refrigerandi ad papaver accedit Third degree Hyoscyamus Soâ—anum somniferum Fourth degree Cicuta Papaveris genera omnia excepto Cornicula Portulaca Sempervivum Mandragora to huic enim incidendi abstergendi vim attribuit Gal. Certè nitrosum salsum gustu percipitur quo fit ut calida siccae sit naturae Opium Simples moist in the First degree Buglossum Viola Malva Rapum Spinacia Second degree Ammoniacum Lactuca Cucurbita Cucumis Melones Portulaca Simples dry in the First degree Thus.
persons 17. Wherefore some are hereditary 886. supernaturall 989. Monstrous accidents in them 996 Dislocations their kinds and manner 593. their differences 594. Causes ib. Signes 595. Prognosticks 595. The generall cure 564. 597. Symptomes that may be fall a dislocated member 634 Dislocation of the jaw 600. The cure ibid. 601. Of the Collar-bone 601. Of the spine 602. Of the head 603. Of the necke 603. Of the Rumpe 607. Of the Ribs ibid. Of the shoulder 608. Of the Elbow 619. Of the Styliformis processus 621. Of the wrest 622. Of the After-wrest 623. Of the Fingers ibid. Of the thigh or hip ibid. Of the whirlebone 630. Of the knee forwards 631. Of the greater and lesse Focile 631. 632. Of the heele 632. Of the Pasterne or Anckle bone 633. Of the instep and backe of the foote 633. Of the toes 634 Dismembring see Amputation Distemperature and the diver sity thereof 41 Distillation and the kinds thereof 1093. Fornaces the vessells therefore 1094. What to be considered therein 1095. How to prepare the materialls therefore 1098 How to distill waters 1099. How aqua vita 1100. How to rectifie them 1101. To distill in the Sun ibid. By filtring 1102. Of Oyles 1103. Of Spirits 1105. Of Oyles out of Gummes 1107. Of Oyle of Vitrioll 1108 Docillity of Beasts 69 Dogs their love to their masters 61. Their docillitie 69. Why they become mad sooner than other creatures 785. How their bites may be knowne 786. Prognosticks 787. The cure of such as are bitten by them 788 Dorycnium the poysonous quality thereof and the cure 805 Doves free from adultery 62 Draco marinus the Sea Dragon his poysonous puncture the symptomes cure 801 Dracunculus what 315. The cure 316 Dragons their craft 68 Dreames of the sangnine cholericke phlegmaticke and malancholicke persons 17 18. Not to be neglected 36 Dropsie what 299. The differences Symptomes and causes ibid. Signes and prognosticks 300. The cure 301. Following upon a Tumor of the mesentery 930 Dugges their substance magnitude c. 137 What to be done to them to dry up milke 918 Duodemum the magnitude c. 105 Dura mater what 164. The hurts thereof by Trepanning and how helped 373. Remedies for the inflammation and the Apostumation thereof 374. Why it easily endures acride medicines 375 E Eares their parts and composure 189. Their wounds and cure 386. To supply their defects 875. Their ulcers 479. Their stopping and things falling into them how helped 655 Eares of the heart 145 Eare wax for what use it serves 190 Earth a cold and dry element 6 Earthquakes their cause 415 Ecchymosis what and how cured 343 Echo the cause thereof 190 Effects of Phlegme 14. Of choler and melancholy 15 Ejaculatorie vessells in men 121. In women 127 Elbow the dislocation thereof 619. how to restore it dislocated outwardly 619. To the inside 621. Why most subject to anchyliosis ibid. Elements how understood and their principall qualities 6. What those of generation are 7. What these of mixt bodies are ibid. The cause of their transmutation 415 Elephants their strength piety c. 62 63. Where bred and their qualities 1019 Embalming the dead 1130. The manner how 1131 Embrion when it takes that name 893 Embrocation what how performed 1063 Emollient and resolving medicines 275 278 Emplasters what their differences 1058. Signes they are perfectly boyled 1059. Their use 1061. Cautions in their application 269 270 Emplastrum de Vigo cum Mercurio 1060 De gratia Dei ibid. De Betonica sive de Ianua ibid. Oxycrocium 1061. De cerusa ibid. Tripharmacum seâ—â—igrum ibid. Diapalma seu Diacalcitheos ibid. Contra Rupturam ib. De Mucilaginibus ibid. De minio ibid. Diachylum magnum ibid. Empyema what 298. The cure thereof 299 Emptinesse 37 Emulgens Arteria 114. Vena 116 Enarthrosis a kind of articulation 242 Enterocele a kind of Rupture 304 Ephemera febris 260. The causes and signes thereef ibid. The cure 262 Epidermis 88 Epidydimis 119 EpigastriuÌ„ what 87. The containing parts thereof ibid. Epigastrica vena 117 Epiglottis what 195 Epiploon what 101 Epiplois vena 113 Epiplocele 304 Epithemes to strengthen the principall parts 845. Their composition and use 1064 Epomis musculus 216 Epulis what the symptomes and cure 292 Epuloticke or skinning medicines their kinds and use 1045 Errhines their differences discription and use 1068 Erysipelas what 262. What tumors referred thereto 253 The differences thereof 262. Prognosticks 267. Their cure ibid. Erythrois tunica 119 Eschar how to hasten the falling away thereof 856. Medicines causing it 1047 Escharoticks 1047. Why used to spreading Vlcers 401 Estrich betweene a bird and a beast 1014. The sceleton of one 1015 Evacuation and the kinds thereof 37. What to be observed therein 38 Eunnches assimulated to women 27 Excrements of the first second and third concoction what 898 Exercise the use and best time for it 34. The quality thereof 35 Exomphalos or standing forth of the navill 303 Epostosis in Lue venerea 746 Experience without reason of what account 45 Eye-browes 181 Eyelids 181. To stay them being too laxe 641. To open them fastned together 643. To helpe their itching 644 Eyes their site and quicknesse 181. Figure composure c 182. Their muscles coates humors 182 183 184. their wounds 379. to hide the losse or defect of them 669 their ulcers 476. their cure 477. their affects 641 642 c. their inflammation 645 F. FAce a discloser of affections and passions 40. the wounds thereof 378. How to helpe the rednesse thereof 1080 Faculties what 21. their division 22 Falling downe of the Fundament the causes and cure thereof 313 Fat the substance and cause c. thereof 90. 91. Why not generated under the skull 377. How to be distinguished from the Braine ibid. the cure thereof being wounded 398 Fauces what 194 Faulcon her sight with the Herne 70 Faults of conformation must be speedily helped 904. Of the first concoction not helped in the after 707 Feare and the effects thereof 39 Feaver sometimes a symptome otherwhiles a disease Feavers accompanying Phlegmons and their cure 260. Happening upon Erysipelous tumors 165. Vpon Oedematous tumors 275. Vpon Schirrous tumors 284. The cure of bastard intermitting Feavers 286 Feet and their bones 233. Their twofold use 236 Feirce Clare a fish 803 Females of what seede generated 888 Fibra auris what 189 Fibula 231 Figures in Anatomy and first of the forepart of man 86. Of the backparts 87. Of the lower belly and parts thereof 100 102 107 114 122. Of the stomacke 104. Of the vessells of seede and Vrine 118. Of the Bladder and Yard 124. Of the wombe 127. Of some parts in women different from those of men 131. Of the hollow veine 149. Of the Arteries 154. Of the rough Artery or weazon 157. First and and second of the braine 164. Third of the Cerebellum 167. Fourth and fifth of the braine 169. The sixth of the braine 170. Seaventh shewing
Number Site Their substance Magnitudeand figure Composition The Coaâ— Erythrâ—is The Epididymis or Darteâ— The Cremaster muscles Temper Action Their substance Here the Author speakes otherwise then Galen Action Their quantity figure and composure Their temper and number Vasa ejaculatoria the ejaculatory or leading vessels Their number and action This Caruncle must be observed and distinguished from a Hypersarcosis or fleshy excrescence The Prostatae Their quantity and figurâ— Number and site An anatomicall axiome Their use Roud in method med ad morbos The substance magnitude figure and composure of the vreters Number and site Connexion Temper and use The substance Figure Composition Temper use or action Their sphincter of the bladder The necke of the bladder The connexion and use thereof The substance quantity and figure of the yarde Composure The ligaments The muscles Their Action The Nut. The Praeputium or foreskin In what the sperematicke vessels in weomen differ from those in men Why they are larger but shorter then mens In what their testicles differ from mens Lib. 14. de usu part Site Connexion Temper Their ejaculatory vessels Why they have more intricate windings Their fite Wherein the privy parts in weomen differ from those in men The substance and magnitude of the wombe Figure The hornes of the wombe Composure The veines and Arteryes Nerves The Coats No cels in the wombe The site The temper and action The Cotyledones Columbus justly reproved The orifice of the wombe The proper orifice of the wombe is not alwayes exactly shut in women with child The necke of the wombe It s magnitude Composition Number and site Temper No Hymen From whence the blood proceeds that breaks forth in some virgins in the first coition Alae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cleitoris tentige Their substance magnitude figure and composure Their number He shewes by three severall reasons that there is no Allantoides Their temper and use What the navell is Their Navell is the Center of the body The figure and composure Lib. de format fatus in uterâ— There is onely one veine in a childs navill but no Vrachus The conteining parts of the Chest Why nature hath made the Chest partly bony partly griâ—tâ—ely The number of the bones of the Sternon Cartilago scutiformis the brest-blade What a Gristle is The differences thereof Their two fold use The division of the chest into its parts Their substance Magnitude Figure Composure Which glandules have nerves and which have none Their Connexion How the brests and wombe communicate each with other Their temper * Recrudescere Their action and use The Nipples What a Bone is A double sense Lib. 1. de Locis affectis Why the bones have such small veine Whence the difference of bones may be taken The Clavicles or collar bones Lib. 13. da 〈◊〉 part Cap. 11. The Ribs Their consistance What the membrane investing the Ribs is It s originall Whether as there is a two-fold pleurisie so also a double Pleura The Magnitude and figure The substance and magnitude The figure The use What the midreffe is It s substance composition c. Connexion Quantity Action Why the Diaphragma was called Phrenes Their substance quantity The Lobes thereof Figure Composition The sticking of the lungs to the Ribs Their nourishment Why the lungs are light The use of Respiration or breathing Whence it hath its matter Number and connexion Vse From whence the matter of the watery humor conteined in the Pericardium The Consistence What the heart is and of what substance The three sorts of fibers of the Hearâ— The magnitude Figure Composition The proper vessels The Nerves Number and site Connexion Temper and action What the vitall spirit is The Auriculae Cordis or eares of the heart Their magnitude and numbers Their 〈◊〉 The partitiâ—… betweene the ventricules of the Heart Why the right ventricule is more capacious and lesse compact Why the right ventricle is more capaciout and lesse compact The action of the right ventricle The action of the left ventricle The uses of the foure orifices of the Heart The valves How they differ Action Site Figure Substance Number Motion Why there be onely two valves at the Arteria venosa The Artery alwayes lyes under the veine A twofold reason why the veine was made Arterious or like are Artery Why the Artery was made like a veine By what way blood may passe out of the right into the left ventricle The veine called the nurse of the Arteries Fallop initio obser Arteriarum Gal. lib. 15 de â—su part cap. 6. Gal. lib. de form saetut The greater descondent branch of the hollow veine The upper branch of the hollow veine is the lesse Venae phrenicae Coronales Vena Arteriosa Vena Azygos or sine part This Azygos sometimes two How the matter of a pleurisie may be evacuated by vrine Interrestalis Mammaria Cervicalis Musculosa In what place cupping glasses may be fitly applyed in a bastard Pleurisie Axillaris Humeralis Iugularis interna et externa Into what parts the Iugularis interna goes Into what parts the Iugularis externa goes Where the external Iugular veine may be fitly opened in inflammations of the parts of the mouth Vena recta Vena pupis Three paire of nerves of the sixt conjugation Ramus Costalis Recurrens An anatomical Axiome Why nature would have the vocall nerves recurrent Ramus stomachicus The left branch of the ascendant artery is lesse then the right The distribution of the left subclavian artery into the 1 Intercostalis 2 Mammaria 3. Cervicalis 4 Musculosa 5 Humoraria duplex 6 Theracica duplex The distribution of the right subclavian Artery The Carotides or sleepy arteries Their division The distribution of the internall branch of the sleepy arteries To what parts the externall branch of the sleepy artery arrives What the Thymus is The use The magnitude The substance Composure Why the back part of the weazon is ligamentous Why the fore-part is gristlely The number and site The division of the weazon through the Lobes of the Lungs The temper and action The substance Attractive force thereof The composure The magnitude The figure Site Temper and action Why we cannot sup and blow at one time What the head is Why seated in the highest place The figure The division thereof The â—…ining parts of the head The parts conteined What the haire is The use thereof What the hairy scalpe is It s connexion * Our Author with Fallopius and Laurentius confoundes the pericranium and periâ—stium but Vesalius Bauhinus and Bartheolinus distinguish them making the pericranium thin and soft and the periostium most thin and nervous and of most exquisite sense Why the wounds thereof must not be neglected The Pericranium and periostium of the same nature Whence all the membranes proceed Why when any membranous part is hurt in any part of the body the head is affected by consent The use of the Pericranium Their use and number Some sculls want Sutures Cels lib.