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A66518 Two discourses concerning the soul of brutes which is that of the vital and sensitive of man. The first is physiological, shewing the nature, parts, powers, and affections of the same. The other is pathological, which unfolds the diseases which affect it and its primary seat; to wit, the brain and nervous stock, and treats of their cures: with copper cuts. By Thomas Willis doctor in physick, professor of natural philosophy in Oxford, and also one of the Royal Society, and of the renowned college of physicians in London. Englished by S. Pordage, student in physick. Willis, Thomas, 1621-1675.; Pordage, Samuel, 1633-1691? 1683 (1683) Wing W2856; ESTC R219572 452,754 252

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become also Elastick in the motional Fibres by reason of the bloody Copula therefore if plenty of this be taken away they grow weak and deficient Which thing indeed I have observed in many and for the most part languishings and tremblings to have been begun in the Arm out of which the blood had been taken However in some indued with a sharp and hot blood and apt to flame forth too much though disposed to the Palsie it is sometimes convenient to let blood a little and sparingly About the Aequinox a Purge ought to be instituted and after due times between to be iterated three or four times But first if nothing oppose let a Vomit be given of the Salt of Vitriol Sulphur of Antimony or an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae then let there be taken Pills of Amber or of Aloephanginae by it self or with the Resine of Ialap every seventh or eighth day At other times we prescribe Cephalick Remedies such as in the sleepy Diseases viz. Electuaries Powders Spirits and Volatile Salts Tinctures Elixirs with distilled Waters and Apozems sometimes these sometimes those or others Let Issues be made in the Arm or Leg yea in fat people and such as are full of ill humors in both together or between the shoulders Let them drink all the year medicated Beer of Sage Betony Stechades Sassafrass Wood and Winterines Bark Wine and Women ought to be forbidden or but moderately to be used If that the Palsie be excited after a previous disposition either of one side or in some members and that it still continues notwithstanding the first attempt of Medicine a long and complicated method is always requisite and oftentimes doth not suffice for not only the Disease or its conjunct cause or its foregoing severally but all together ought to be opposed for which ends Phlebotomy being for the most part interdicted only a gentle Purge and rarely is convenient Besides some chief Cephalick Medicines and Antiscorbuticks are wont to help against the foregoing cause of this Disease But all of this sort are not convenient to all yea as we have observed in the Scurvey according to the various Constitutions of the Sick there are also Remedies of a diverse kind and virtue For to Cholerick Paralyticks to wit in whose sharp and hot Blood there is much of Salt and Sulphur and very little of Serum the more hot Medicines and indued with very active Particles are not agreeable yea are often hurtful which things notwithstanding are very profitable to Phlegmatick persons whose Blood is colder and contains much of Serum and but few active Elements Wherefore for this twofold state or condition of sick persons it seems convenenient that we institute here a double Method of Cure and two classes of Medicines of which these may be given to cold Parlyticks and those to the hot In the former case for the taking away the Procatartick cause after Vomiting and Purging being rightly instituted I was wont to prescribe according to these following forms Take of the Conserves of the leaves of the Garden Scurvy-grass of Rocket made with an equal part of Sugar each three ounces of Ginger Candied in India half an ounce of the rinds of Oranges and Lemons Candied each six drams of the Powder of the Claws and Eyes of Crabs each four scruples of the Species of Diambre two drams of Winterens Bark one dram and a half of the Roots of Zedoary the lesser Galingal of Cubebs the Seeds of Water-Cresses Rocket each one dram of the Spirits of Scurvy-grass Laevender each two drams of the Syrup of Candied Ginger what will suffice to make an Electuary Take of it about the quantity of a Walnut at eight of the Clock in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after it a pint of the following Decoction warm or Coffee with the leaves of Sage boiled in it six ounces of or ●per Wine three ounces Take of the shavings of Lignum Sanctum six ounces of Sarsaparilla and of Sassaphras each four ounces of white and yellow Sanders of the shavings of Ivory of Harts-horn each half an ounce infuse them according to art and boil them in sixteen pints of Spring water till half be consumed adding of Crude Antimony in Powder and tyed in a rag four ounces of the Root of the Aromatick Reed of the lesser Galingal each half an ounce of the Florentine Iris one ounce of Cardamums six drams of Coriander Seeds half an ounce six Dates make a Decoction to be used for ordinary drink Going to sleep and first in the morning let a Dose of the Spirits of Sut or Harts-horn or of Armoniacal Amber or of Blood c. be taken with three ounces of the following distilled water Take of the leaves or roots of Aron one pound of the leaves of Garden Scurvey-grass of the greater Rocket of Rosemary Sage Savory Thyme four handfuls of the Flowers of Lavender three handfuls the outer rinds of ten Oranges and six Lemons of Winterans Bark three ounces of the roots of the lesser Galingal of Calamus Aromaticus the Florentine Iris each two ounces of Cubebs Cloves Nutmegs each two ounces all being cut and bruised pour to them of white Wine and of Brunswick Beer or Mum each four pints distil it in common Stills and let all the liquor be mixed together Sometimes in the place of the Electuary may be taken for fifteen or twenty days a Dose of the Tincture of Sulphur Turpentined of the Tincture of Antimony or of Amber Also sometimes Elixir Proprietatis or of Poeony let them be taken in a spoonful of distilled Water drinking after it three ounces of the same Also sometimes the following Powders or Lozenges may be taken by turns in the medical course Take of the Powder of Vipers flesh of Monpillier prepared one ounce of the hearts and livers of the same half an ounce of Species Diambre two ounces make a Powder take one dram once or twice a day with the distilled Water three ounces or with Viper Wine with a Decoction of the leaves of Sage of the root and seeds of the Burdock and the Candied roots of Eringo made of Spring-water what will suffice and boiled to one moiety six or eight ounces in the Morning warm expecting to sweat after it Take of Bezoartick Mineral Solar half an ounce of Cloves powdered two drams mingle them make a Powder and divide it into twelve parts let one be taken after the same manner twice in a day between these kind of Remedies gentle purging may be often used Take of the Powder of the picked roots of Zedoary the lesser Galingal each half a dram of Species Diambre one dram of the Powder of the seeds of Mustard Rocket Scurvygrass Water-Cresses each half a dram make of them all a fine Powder add to it of the Oyl of the purest Amber half a dram and with white Sugar dissolved
Spirits by their secret Influence These Kind of Affections without doubt proceed from occult Enmities of the Sensitive Soul for when it happens this Systasis or Disposition of the Animal Spirits by the meeting of some Object to be driven into Confusion it ever after that abhors the coming of the same or its Contact by its Effluvia's Secondly Sometimes the Sensitive Soul receives the Superior Rational Passions which we call Metaphysical and solicitously busying it self concerning their Good and Evil it either draws forth or shortens the Compass of its Expansion For indeed the Rational Soul relying on the help and familiarity of the Spirits dwelling in the Brain aspires to Metaphysical Notions which having more fully learnt it not only falls upon higher Speculations but also exerts a certain Superior Appetite to wit the Will and implicates it with certain Affections as it were inspired of God the exercise of which sort of Sacred Affections are not performed by the mere Conceptions of the Mind But their Acts being delivered from the Rational Soul into the Sensitive do first employ the Brain with the Phantasie then being transmitted from the Brain into the Breast there for that they produce in the Heart and Blood variety of Motions receive their Complement or Perfection Wherefore in the Worship of God Piety and Devotion are attributed very much to the Heart Hence Repentance the Love of God and Hate of Sin Hope of Salvation Fear of Divine Vengeance and many other acts of Religion are wont to be ascribed to the work and endeavour of the Heart The reason of which seems to be for as much as the whole Corporeal Soul is Commanded by the Rational Power that in Adoring God she should very much bow her self before the Deity and as it were lye prostrate on the Ground therefore presently both Parts of it viz. both the Sensitive and Flamy do repress themselves and restrain their wonted Emanations hence plenty of Animal Spirits being drawn from the Phantasie for the more full actuating the Organs of the Senses they bestow the Operations of the Nerves on the Praecordia which whil'st they are more straitly drawn together and as it were constrain'd cause the Blood to stay longer within the bosomes of the Heart and so inhibit it lest it should be too much inkindled within the Lungs and lest being inkindled by the Heart in the whole Body and chiefly should be carried rapidly into the Brain For indeed the Blood containing Life as a most precious Jewel in it self is not only heaped up more plentifully about the Praecordia in all Fear and Danger and is there lay'd up as it were for defence sake that it might better preserve its Flame But further in devout Affections whil'st the Rational Soul orders the Spirits inhabiting the Brain into sacred Conceptions and Notions by the Influence of the same Spirits the Bosomes of the Heart are also so affected that they cause the Blood to Centre and to be more fully drawn into them and there longer retain it as it were an Holocaust to be offered to God so as often as we Pray most earnestly we endeavour nothing less than that our Life with the Blood be laid upon the Altar of the Heart For truely almost every body experiences in himself that in strong Prayer the Blood is more and more heaped up in the Bosomes of the swelling Heart wherefore that the Vacuities of the Lungs might be supplied we breath deeply and so the Air being more fully drawn in the Muscles of the Breast and the Diaphragma are detained almost in a continual Systole or more often iterated to wit for this end that the Vital Blood to be offered as it were a Sacrifice to God should be there kept nor suffer'd to go from thence or to be inlarged till as it were by a long immolation together with Prayers lieve may be had from the Godhead Yea 't is to be observed that those religiously affected are apt at all times to call back the Blood towards the Praecordia and to repress it from a more plentiful Excursion which may give a loose to Delights or Mirth Because 't is just that this Vital Humor should be Conserved even Holy and Pure for God and as it is so restrained in the Praecordia lest it should grow too luxurious nor be carried towards the Brain with too impetuous a Rapture the Conceptions also of the Mind without much heat and distraction of thoughts concerning Divine things Hence it is that Drinking of Wine Banquetting and every Kind of Dissolute Life because they render the Blood lawless and not able to be restrain'd or bridl'd are said to make hard the Heart and to obstruct the Duties of Religion Further not only the devout Acts of Religion and Pious Affections are attributed to the Breast and Praecordia but also the sober Counsels of Wise men yea and the Exercises of Virtues and Moral Habits are ordinarily ascribed by Philosophers to this Seat or Subject Hence Wise men are said to be Cordati Hearty or sage of Heart but when one that is unwise or plainly foolish doth a thing it is said That there is nothing leaps in the left part of his Breast The reason of which seems to be that when as the Animal Spirits which are the immediate Instruments of thoughts are procreated altogether from the Blood not only their more excellent disposition but their right and timely Dispensation depends chiefly on the Praecordia For to these are owing that the Blood be inkindled in its due manner and also Eventilated that it may give to the Brain firm and stable Animal Spirits which however Subtil and Active yet may not be volatile beyond measure and hence the Solidity of the Mind and the sharpness of Judgment are produced When on the contrary by reason of the Blood more slowly passing thorow the Praecordia or more swiftly than it should do the Animal Spirits become too fixed or volatile above measure and therefore either a stupidity or lightness of Mind arises But in truth Wisdom is much rather ascribed to the Heart for as much as from thence r●ins are put upon the Blood apt for fiercenesses and Impetuosities lest that rushing into the Brain with an inordinate rapture should not only disturb its serious Cogitations but stir up enormous Motions of the Appetite and mad Lusts. For truely whil'st the Spirits inhabiting the Brain are disposed by the Intellect from thence presiding within the Imagination into Series and Orders of Notions the Blood about to break forth from the Heart ought very much to be restrained lest that growing luxurious it should confound all things by an importune evasion of the Brain and should agitate the Spirits called away from this work into Commotions and various Fluctuations wherefore from the immoderate drinking of Wine for as much as by it the Blood is made more head-strong and will not be repressed or contained by the Heart Men become not only
Ammoniacum solut what will suffice make four Pills let them be taken with Government The Powder of Haly the Powder of Valesco de Tarenta of Peveda and others are very much commended And indeed in Country bodies or robust this Cathartick may seem convenient Take of Epithimum half an ounce of Agarick Lapis Lazuli each three drams Scammony one dram Cloves thirty make a Powder the Dose is from half a dram to a dram Take of the Powder Diasenna of Diaturbith with Rhubarb each half a dram make a Powder let it be taken in a draught of Posset-drink in a Decoction of Epithimum simple four or five scruples Take of the best Senna two ounces of the Roots of Polypodia of the Oak two ounces of Epithimum one ounce and a half of yellow Citrons half an ounce of Tamarinds one ounce of Coriander seeds six drams boil them in Barnet water four pints till half be consumed strain it and let it be evaporated in a warm Bath to the consistence of a Syrup adding towards the end of pure Manna and of white Sugar each four ounces make a Syrup the Dose is two spoonfuls or three in three ounces of some convenient distilled water or in any other liquor Or Take of the same liquor evaporated to the consistence of Honey six ounces of fresh Cassie four ounces of the jelly of Currans two ounces of Cream of Tartar of the Salt of Wormwood each one dram and a half of the Powder of Diasen two drams of yellow Sanders powder'd two drams mix them and make an Electuary Dose three drams to half an ounce Purging is not to be used continually nor too frequently yea it suffices that it be administred within six or seven days space and at other times let the belly be taken down by Clysters if it be bound As to other Medicines which are not evacuators though the Ancients relied not much upon them we put our greatest confidence of Cure in them For they to whom also many moderns consent thought there was nothing more to be done for the curing of Melancholy than to Purge forth the Melancholick humor wherefore making Purges their chiefest business they instituted the other Medicines called Preparatory only for the sake of this to wit making it their scope that as soon as the humor being reduced to a fit consistency by altering Medicines and that the ways for its excretion were open enough then that it should be carried forth of doors by Purgers Which kind of Hypothesis seems not agreeable neither to reason nor to Medical experience because Melancholick people rather receive hurt than help by often Purging how methodically soever it be instituted Therefore we placing the cause of this Disease in the Dyscrasie of the Blood and Spirits and in the weakness or evil conformation of the Viscera and the Brain esteem altering and corroborating Medicines to be in the first rank for Remedies and for the sake of these that Purgers may be used sometimes between whiles Therefore Purging being rightly prescribed at due intervals for the removing impediments as to the rest you may proceed according to these forms Take of the Conserves of the flowers of Gilliflowers and of Brage each two ounces and a half of the rinds of Myrobalans preserved six drams of Coral prepared and of Pearl each one dram and a half of Ivory and Crabs Eyes each one dram of Confection de Hyacintho two drams of the Syrup of Coral and red Poppy what will suffice make an Electuary take two drams Morning and Evening drinking after it three ounces of the following Iulep or the distilled Water Take of the water of the Flowers of Cowslips and of black Cherries each six ounces of Balm four ounces of Dr. Stephens his Water two ounces of Sugar six drams mingle it and make a Iulep Take of the leaves of Balm Borrage Bugloss Fumitory Water-Cresses and Brooklime each four handfuls of the flowers of Pinks Marigolds Borrage and Cowslips each three handfuls the outer rinds of six Oranges and six Lemons being all cut and bruised pour to them Whey made of Cyder eight pints distil it in a common Still and mix all the liquor together Take of the Powder of Pearl of Ivory of Coral prepared each two drams of the Species Laetificant or making merry of Diarrhod Abbatis each one dram of the Oyl of the rind of Citrons half a scruple of white Sugar dissolved and boiled to the consistence of Lozenges in what will suffice of Balm Water six ounces make Lozenges according to art weighing a dram take two or three at nine of the Clock in the Morning and at five in the Afternoon drinking after it a draught of the distilled Water or of Tea Or Take of the Roots of Chervil of Polypodium of the Oak each one ounce and a half of the leaves of Harts Tongue Ceterach Scolopendria Germander each one handul of Tamarisk half a handful of the bark of the same half an ounce of Raisins of the Sun stoned two ounces one Apple cut let them be cut and bruised and boiled in four pints of Spring-water to the consumption of a third part about the end add of the leaves of Water Cresses one handful let it be strained and clarified take of it six ounces twice or thrice in a day sweteen it with Syrup of Fu●itory Spaw-Waters coming from Iron are wont oftentimes to give great benefit for the Curing of Melancholicks to wit because they being plentifully drunk wash out salino-sulphureous Tincture of the Blood and destroy its evil ferment Moreover they wipe clean the silthiness of the Viscera unlock obstructions and what is of great benefit they corroborate by their astriction both the weak and too loose Viscera and also shut up the little mouths of the gaping Vessels of the Brain by which a passage lay open into it for the extraneous matter together with the nervous juice And for this reason to wit by corroborating the Viscera and by locking up the passages of the Head Vitriolick● prepared of Iron are wont to be given profitably in Melancholy and also in the Vertigo Take of our Steel prepared three drams put it into a quart of the Water above described take of it three or four ounces twice in a day by it self or with any other solid Medicine Take of the filings of Iron one ounce put it into a glass with the juice of Oranges two ounces let it stand for a day shaking it sometimes then pour to it of the Water of Pipins and of White Wine each one pint or of the more thin and sweet Cyder one quart take of it three ounces twice in a day after the same manner Take of the Vitriol of Steel of the Cream of Tartar of Crabs Eyes each one dram mix them make a Powder and let it be divided into nine parts Take one part every Morning in a draught of the distilled Water or the Decoction or