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A17534 A general discourse against the damnable sect of vsurers grounded vppon the vvorde of God, and confirmed by the auctoritie of doctors both auncient, and newe; necessarie for all tymes, but most profitable for these later daies, in which, charitie being banished, couetousnes hath gotten the vpper hande. VVhereunto is annexed another godlie treatise concernyng the lawfull vse of ritches. Seene and allowed accordyng to her Maiesties iniunctions.; Doctrina de usura. English Caesar, Philipp, d. 1585.; Hemmingsen, Neils, 1513-1600. Commentaria in omnes epistolas Apostolorum.; Rogers, Thomas, d. 1616. 1578 (1578) STC 4342; ESTC S107129 86,650 150

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wayfaring man deliuereth indeede his treasure of his owne accord vnto theeues whiche hee would not doe could hee escape their sworde A Mariner casteth his goodes into the sea and that willingly but from whence proceedeth his will Truelie not from à voluntary election but through feare of making shipwracke For therefore doth he caste his marchandise into the sea leste he and all should perish Wherfore two euils being proposed he choseth willingly that whiche seemeth lesser in his iudgement In like manner the borrower agreeth to pay vsurie and that willingly and yet he would not so doe except necessitie constrained him for the auoyding of à greater inconuenience Moreouer they obiect that families and Common-weales cannot be maintained without Vsurie I graunt the same in this corruption of the worlde where all manlines is excluded But from whence proceedeth that profite whereby you saye that families and Commonweales are maintained From Vsurie Naye For no goodnes in deede can be gotten by Vsurie but rather a sea of discommodities But if happelie any good seemeth to come by Vsurie that should not be ascribed to Vsurie but rather to lending whiche lending if it were doen without Vsurie would more profite families and commonweales But you will say your words are spent in vain in going about to call Vsurers which are idolaters for their mony is their God into the right waie Though it be so for like Adders they stop their eares at the preachyng of Gods worde and heare nothyng with suche indignation as their Vsurie to bee cried out vppon Their profire is so sweete that they had rather forgoe heauen than goe without that And hereof it is that many which might liue well otherwise forsake honest trades of liuing to liue in idlenesse vppon Vsurie to the decaye of manye good houses and hurt of their commonweales though they will not heare I saie yet is it our dueties to admonishe them that at the leaste they may thinke that the daie of the Lorde is at hande and will sodainly come vppon them then at whiche tyme they shall render an accompt to an vpright iudge whiche neither can bee corrupted with any excellencie of person nor deceiued by subtiltie of reason And then they will confesse our counsaile to bee good and bewaile their disobedience to the same ¶ The 11. Chapter The office and duetie of the Preachers in reproouyng Usurie AS it belongeth to the Magistrate to punishe so is it the parte of the preachers to reproue vsurie to lift vp their voyces like Trompets and to blowe abroad the horriblenes of this vice and the hurt it doth vnto commonweales Yet are thei to vse the wisedome of the spirite to their owne comfort the profite of the Church and the better aduauncement of the glorie of God. First the should earnestly inueigh against all vnlawfull and wicked contractes and shewe that no vniuste or cousening bargaine can stande with true religion among such the matter of Vsurie should not most coldly or careleslie bee handled but zelously Afterwarde they should with all diligence beware that rashly they do no reproue all contractes which in their iudgement doe seeme vnlawfull allowed by the magistrate Furthermore let them as muche as they may amend all manifest errours in bargainyng by Ecclesiasticall discipline and that not through any priuate malice or affection but with great counsaile and deliberation lest that vntimely correction do more hurte than profite Then if they cannot reforme all abuses which they shall finde in bargaines let them take heede that they trouble not the Churche ouermuche but commende the cause vnto God and beg of hym that he would set to his helping hand Last of all let them with diligence admonishe the ritch men that they suffer not thēselues to be entangled with the shewe of ritches and that they takeheede lest beyng seduced by the subtile arguments of the seducing flesh they loose their faithe and fall into the snares of Sathan And tell them withall that these wordes of Christ were not spoken in vaine It is an harde thing for à ritch man to enter into the kingdome of heauen Likewise they should now and then tell them what is the true vse of ritches and how that Christ would therfore haue manie of his members to be poore and in respect of others miserable for à triall whether that men loue hym vnfainedly and are willing to obeye his commaundements or no. ¶ The 12. Chapter Profitable admonitions for all dealers and occupiers in this world IT foloweth now finally that wee giue as we promised aboue cap. 7. certaine obseruations whiche beeyng diligentile cōsidered of the vertuous will profite by the helpe of God verie muche The firste Paule saieth 1. Timoth. 1. The ende of the Lawe is loue out of à pure harte à good conscience and from a faith vnfained We saide aboue cap. 8. that Vsurie was therefore forbidden leste charitie among men should be broken This rule of Paule first will that charitie proceede from the pure fountaine of the harte Therefore thou art to take heede lest while outwardly thou pretendest the loue of thy neighbour thine harte inwardly be vncleane and so thy worke be odious and filthie Secondlie it requireth à good conscience that is that before GOD thou maiest truely saie that in all thyne actions thou doest vnfainedly and in deede seeke the glorie of GOD and the profite of thy neighbour Therefore let this rule of Paule bee euermore in mind and serue for à touchstone to examine all our actiōs by The seconde Abstaine from all apparance of euill saieth the Apostle This is à moste necessarie rule For it warneth not onely to auoyde those thynges whiche are euill in deede but also that wee abstaine from al apparance of euill that is that wee shunne from dooyng that whiche hath any showe or likenes of euill Whereby all coloured dealynges are forbidden as well as manifest offendyng The third Let your maners be voide of couetousnesse This precepte of sainct Paule dooeth not onely belong to the mynde that the same bee not prophaned with Idolatrous couetousnesse but also to outward maners For it would haue vs to liue so that no man blame vs for couetousnesse For where maners dooe accuse the harte of couetousnesse there vndoubtedly is neither pitie nor faithe Wherefore it is a godlie praier of kyng Dauid Incline myne harte ô Lorde to thy testimonies not to couetousnesse Here dooeth Dauid set obedience towardes God againste couetousnesse signifiying that suche is their Nature that where one is the other cannot bee If therefore the harte be infected with the contagion of couetousnesse there cannot bee à sincere Religion towardes god If the couetous man shewe any obedience towardes God it is but mere hypocrisie But contrariwise if the harte doe burne and bee inflamed with the loue of God and of his religion couetousnes can haue
his will may shine and be seen in vs. The seconde The greate eternall and straight commaundement of God which is giuen and proposed to all the Ministers of the Churche preache repontaunce The preaching of repentaunce for that it is against all synnes it must needes rebuke vsurie The thirde The wofull commination whereby God doth threaten eternall damnation of all suche as either diminishe his commaundementes or of a set ignorance ouerpasse his will in silence or rashly presume to ad vnto his word or carelesly neglect their callinges An Embassadour of an earthlie prince beeyng sent on busines if without the counsaile of his Prince he alter the forme of his Commission is iudged to haue doen wickedlie and iustly getteth vnto hymself the anger of his Prince and punishment for his presumption Then what shall we thinke of those messengers what displeasure doe they runne into what iudgement doe they deserue and what cruell punishment should they haue which beyng Embassadours of Christ hymself take suche power and libertie vppon them contrary to the will of their almighty and euerlasting Prince that they will chaunge peruerte and permit at their pleasures whiche are placed in his worde to be beleeued and to be obeied For this controuersie is not about an earthly kingdome but it concerns the glory of God and the health of the soule and respecteth that lyfe whiche in deede is to be called a lyfe the losse wherof after this lyfe cannot be recouered The four●h ▪ The consideration of the greate and wonderfull profite whiche commeth aswell to the teachers as hearers by the reprehension and condemning of Vsurie We the ministers of God shall attaine this reward if as other synnes so we reprehend vsurie in all places that as faithful fulfillers of the wil of our master we shal haue his fauour and the testimony of a good conscience and ioye and cōfort and willingnes to praie yea in all the race of our life and before the tribunal seate of the sonne of God we shall glorie that we haue been faithfull before hym whiche is the knower of all hartes our very auditors will they or nil they shal cōfesse the same where then we shal bee adorned with a florishyng crowne of eternall glorie And the auditors whiche are tuched with a care of the safetie either of their bodies in this world or of their soules in the lyfe to come shall take suche fruite and profite by this preachyng of repentaunce that beeyng admonished of the contagiousnes of this plague whereby their soules are infected and killed they prouide in tyme a medicine for the creepyng diseases lest otherwise the whole part be drawen and leaste the soule polluted with this vice and defiled with that damnable synne be cast by the iustice of God into euerlasting tormentes The fift The consent of all the godlie and faithfull preachers in the Churche from the Apostles tyme vntill this age hath an especiall force to stirre vp not onely a liberty but also a cōtinual matter to accuse and condemne vsurie The sixth Because it quencheth charitie whiche is the principall chaine of humaine societie it taketh awaie the lawe of nature from whence the positiue lawes are taken whiche also condemne vsurie The Ethnikes beeyng glorious by this light of naturall discernyng of honest from filthy thinges haue not feared to pronounce that vsurie is a thing detestable and to be abhorred For they did rightlie suppose that a theefe with a double but an vsurer with a fourfold punishment should bee afflicted and that because he is a destroyer of nature For CAT obeyng demaunded what was vsurie hauing respect hereunto aunswered that which murther was The seauenth Because vsurie is heresie For by the iudgement of all the learned and godly writers it is called Heresie an obstinate errour striuyng against the foundation that is the Articles of our faith The confirmation of this definition is extant in the thirde chapter of the Epistle to Titus in these wordes After one admonition or two auoid an heretike c. Now let vs applie this doctrine that it maie bee knowen in what respect vsurie in called heresie By many testimonies of holy scripture it maie bee proued that vsurie is a deadly synne as by that whiche followeth shall appeare Now if this synne after many admonitions bee defended and with sondrie colours bee excused painted and become pertinacie then is it no more a simple but is called an obstinate errour Then a question riseth whether Vsurie bee contrarie to the foundation of the scripture that is to the Articles of our faithe But the definition of an Article of faithe beeyng considered the aunswere is easie An Article of faithe is any parte of Christian doctrine either in the old or newe Testamente whiche is deliuered vnto vs and proposed to bee beleeued For it is the propertie of faithe not to assent to à part but to all the woorde of GOD whiche is written and giuen out to bee credited accordyng to that of Dauid And in the lawe of the Lorde not in à parte of the lawe will hee meditate daie and night Now many commaundementes whiche forbid the exactions of Vsurie are aswell in the olde as newe Testamente proposed to bee credited of vs that accordyng too that rule our life maie bee directed and conformed by à good conscience in newnesse of life to the honor of God and profite of our neighbour Therefore the forbiddyng of Vsurie is an article of our faithe Wherefore thei whiche imbrace this errour of Vsurie and with an obstinate mynde defende it and with contentious woordes alowe it and beyng admonished or by strong and euident places of scripture conuicted doe cōtinue therein and are vpholders thereof thei ma●e rightlie bee accounted and proclaimed for Heretikes as also the Ciuill lawers doe witnesse And for that to fall into heresie is verie daungerous and beeyng in too come out againe is harde it were good for all Vsurers to prouide and foresee leste thei bee spotted with the staine of Heresie and so by little at the length thei slide into suche à sincke from whēce fewe can escape and come out And what needes many woordes Doeth not Christe and Paule call Coueteousnesse whiche is worse than Vsurie as Luther witnesseth Idolatrie For Christe saieth Ye can not serue God and Mammon And Paule Knowe this that euery Fornicator impure person or couetous whiche is an Idolater hath none inheritaunce in the kingdome of Christ and of god Let no man deceiue you with vaine woordes For for suche the wrathe of God commeth vpon the sonnes of vnbeleef Bee ye not therefore partaker of them Euen as the Manichees horrible heretikes did commende Vsurie as Augustine writyng of their maners and customes saieth Thei encrease Vsurie and openly defende that to bee an Vsurer is better than to bee an housbandman because an Usurer dooeth not breake of the members
enioye the elementes whiche are common to all good and bad ¶ The 21. Chapter ¶ Of Churche gooddes IS it lawfull for heires to demaunde againe the gooddes whiche their fore-fathers bestowed vppon the church fro the celebratyng of Masses the Masses beeyng not vsed but altogether abolished We muste as-well respecte the mynde as the wordes of the Testatour The laste woordes were that his gooddes or landes should serue to the maintenaunce of Masses whiche being wicked are to the greate commendation of godlie Princes cutte of The mynde was to maintain the seruice of god Accordyng therefore to the mynde of the Testatour ▪ whiche was good ▪ and deuoute the gooddes should bee transferred to the true seruice of GOD whiche afore were giuen to the celebration of the Masse But thei obiecte that In many of their deedes this clause is expressed If suche custome of Massyng or Syngyng shall ceasse let the heires haue auctoritie to take awaie those gooddes or possessions which their auncestours haue giuen to the maintenaunce of Masses c. Thei whiche gaue suche gooddes to the Church erred in the particular and not in the generall The particular is the celebration of the Masse the generall is the honour of god The heires therefore hauyng learned à better lesson ought to amende the faultes of their progenitours and conuert that thing to the due honour of God whiche was bestowed to the prophanation of his diuine seruice Yea rather I thinke it the parte of magistrates to doe soe for the better auoyding the insatiable couetousnes of particular men Flora à notable strompet of Rome bequethed her substance whiche was verie greate to the maintaining of à goodly shewe euery yere at Rome But the same being abolished through the greate wisedome of Cato the Censor whiche could not abide the filthy behauour and vnseemely gestures vsed in the same the heires of Flora demaunded againe the goodes whiche Flora had bestowed But the Senate of Rome did moste wisely aunswere that those goodes ought not to return to the heires but the minde of Flora should bee respected whose last will was that her gooddes bequeathed should serue to the benefite of the Romane Common-weale For Flora erred not in the generall though she did in the particular And therefore to obserue the generall the Senate of Rome did moste wisely decree that the gooddes should not bee restored to the heires demaunding them though those playes were not vsed In like maner Legacies bequethed to the celebration of Masses are not to bee restored to the heires of the giuers though Massyng dooe ceasse but are to bee conuerted to the generall to maintaine the Churche of God that is to helpe the Preachers the Poore the keepers and defendours of the Churche Thei should not serue to the pleasure of menne but to the necessities of the Churche And that is the iudgement also of Bartolus an excellent Lawier whiche in his Commentaries concernyng Masses vppon the lawe About that which is bequethed to à Citie hath these wordes in effect If à Testator haue left an hundred poundes for the singing of Masses which Masses cannot be song because of some prohibition that thyng giuen ought to bee conuerted to some other vse The generall sentence hee set doune à little afore in these wordes If the Testator adde à manner or condition which is impossible by reason of the prohibition for some lawfull and honest ende then if it maye not be fulfilled according to his wordes it is to be conuerted to some other lawfull vse ¶ The 22. Chapter The greeuousnes of their synning whiche take away the gooddes of the Churche THey whiche spoyle the Church of her gooddes doe violate both the commaundementes of god For they are against God wicked and against the Churche and the members thereof vnmercifull For they both sacrilegiously vsurpe whiche was giuen to the seruice of God and cruellie bereue the poore Christians of liuyng Cicero affirmeth that he doth more greuously offende that robbeth the common treasurehouse than he whiche stealeth the gooddes of a priuate man. By whiche reason they are proued moste hainously to synne whiche occupie the gooddes of the Churche against all iustice The Lorde doth condemne all them whiche giue not of their owne to the poore and shall we thinke that sutche can escape whiche take from the poore Hee is damned by the worde of God whiche doth not paciently suffer an iniury then can he auoide à plague which doth offer iniury to the Church of Christ God is not deceiued by Sophistrie nor will receiue any wicked excuse Howsoeuer these Churcherobbers turne themselues they can neuer escape from gilte of the eight commaundement For God in saiyng Thou shalt not steale doth forbid that we take any thing from any person by violence vnder the pretence of equitie And although many at this day doe by violence enioye Ecclesiasticall liuinges and possesse them sweetely as they suppose yet they carie about them à conscience which notwithstanding it remaine without any sense securely as it were seared with an yrō yet one daie for all that in the hour of death awaked as it were out of slepe it shal be in stede of à thousand witnesses and shall more greuously afflict the harte than any torment outwardly can doe Then they shal well perceiue that Esaie said not in vaine Woe be to thee whiche spoylest shalt not thou be spoyled thy selfe and to thee whiche despisest shalt not thou be despised thy selfe whē thou hast made an ende of doyng wickedly euill shall come to thee These felowes thinke they are out of Danger beecause they presently feele not the heauie hand of God yet they might by the exāple of the Iewes learne that the lord wil punish their sacrilege at the length though hee suffer them à while for their amendment The people of Israel contemned the woordes of the Prophetes but the measure of their synnes beyng full they were vtterly destroyed In these dayes the woorde of God doth sound in all our eares yet notwithstandyng we slepe securely without repenting but our synnes being ripe the Lorde will also poure out his heauie displeasure vppon vs and then it will come to passe whiche Ieremie did foretell Like à theofe taken in theft shalt thou be confounded Wherby the spirite of God doth signifie that it will fall out that such shall sustaine euerlastyng tormentes whiche making but à sporte at the preaching of the worde thinke all thinges lawfull whiche the luste of the flesh doth like of ¶ The. 23. Chapter A question about the right vse of Ecclesiasticall ritches BEcause Ecclesiastical ritches haue beene à long while abused it is vppō good consideration demaūded what is the true and lawfull vse of them and vppon whom they are to bee conferred For euerie one which weareth an hoode can buzze out à base in the Church or can vnderstande the Latine tongue is not worthy too enioye suche