this to our purpose And they be numbred seven bones in the pan or Skull of the head The first is called the Coronall bone in which is the Orbits or holes of the Eyes and it reacheth from the browes unto the midst of the head and there it meeteth with the second bone called Occipissiall a bone of the hinder part of the head called the Noddle of the head which two bones Coronall and Occipissiall be divided by the Commissaries in the middest of the Head The third and fourth Bones be called Parietales and they be the Bones of the sideling parts of the head and they be divided by the Commissaries both from the foresaid Coronall and Occipissiall The fift and sixt bones be called Pet rosa or Medosa and these two bones lye over the bones called Parietales on every side of the head one like Skales in whom be the holes of the Eares The seventh and last of the head is called Paxillarie or Bazillarie the which Bone is as it were a wedge vnto all the other seaven Bones of the head and doth fasten them together And thus be all numbred The first is the Coronall Bone the second is the Occipissiall the third and the fourth is Parietales the fifth and the sixth is Petrosa or Mendosa And the seventh is Paxillarie or Bazillarie And this sufficeth for the seven bones containing the Head CHAP. IIII. In this Chapter is declâ—red the sive things contayned within the Head NExt under the Bones of the Head within forth the first thing that appeareth is Duramater then is Piamater then the substance of the Braine and then Vermi formes and Letemirabile But first we are to speake of Duramater whereof and how it is sprung and made First it is to be noted of the Veyne and Arteire that was spoken of in the last Chapter before how privily they entered through the Commissaries or seames of the Head and there by their Union together they doe not onely bring and give the spirit of Life and nutriment but also doe weave themselves so together that they make this Pannicle Duramater It is holden up by certaine threeds of himselfe comming through the said Commissaries running into Pericranium or Pannicle that covereth the Bones of the Head And with the foresaid Veine and Artier and these threeds comming from Duramater is woven and made this Pericranium And why this Pannicle Duramater is set from the Skull J note two causes The first is that if the Duramater should have touched the Skull it should lightly have beene hurt with the hardnesse of the Bone The second cause is that the matter that commeth of wounds made in the Head piercing the Skull should by it the better be defended and kept from Piamater and hurting of the Braine And next unto this Pannicle there is another Pannicle called Piamater or Meek-mother because it is soft and tender unto the Braine Of whose creation it is to be noted as of Duramater For the originall of their first creation is of one kind both from the Heart and the Liver and is Mother of the very substance of the Braine Why it is called Piamater is for because it is soft and tender to the Braine that it nourisheth the Braine and feedeth it as doth a loving Mother unto her tender Childe or Babe for it is not so tough and hard as is Duramater In this Pannicle Piamater is much to be noted of the great number of Veines and Arteirs that are planted ramefying throughout all his substance giving to the Braine both spirit and life And this Pannicle doth circumvolue or lay all the substance of the Braine and in some plaec of the Braine the Veynes and the Artiers goe forth of him and enter into the divisions of the Braine and there drinketh of the Braines substance into them asking of the Heart to them the spirit of life or breath and of the Liver nutriment And the aforesaid spirit or breath taketh a further disgestion and there it is made animall by the elaboration of the spirit vitall and is turned and made animall Furthermore why there be no more Pannicles over the Braine then one is this If there had beene but one Pannicle onely either it must have beene hard or soft or meane betweene both If it had beene hard it should have hurt the Braine by his hardnesse If it had beene soft it should have beene hurt of the hard Bone And if it had beene but meanly neyther hard nor soft it should have hurt the Braine by his roughnesse and also have beene hurt of the hard Bone Therefore God and Nature hath ordained two Pannicles the one hard and the other soft the harder to be a meane betweene the soft and the Bone and the softer to be a meane betweene the harder and the Braine it selfe Also these Pannicles be cold and dry of complexion and â—permaticke Next is the Braine of which it is marvellously to be considered and noted how this Piamater divideth the substance of the Braine and lappeth it into certaine selles or divisions as thus The substance of the Braine is divided into three parts or ventricles of which the foremost part is the most The second or middlemost is lesse the third or hindermost is the least And from each one to another be issues or passages that are called Meates through whom passeth the spirit of life to and fro But here ye shall note that every Ventricle is divided into two parts and in every part God hath ordained and set singular and severall vertues as thus First in the foremost Ventricle God hath founded and set the common wittes otherwise called the five Wits as Hearing Seeing Feeling Smelling and Tasting And also there is one part of this Ventricle the vertue that is called Fantasie and he taketh all the formes or ordinances that be disposed of the five Wittes after the meaning of sensible things In the other part of the same Ventricle is ordained and founded the Imaginative vertue the which receiveth of the common Wittes the forme or shape of sensitive things as they were received of the common Wittes without-forth representing their owne shape and ordinances unto the memorative vertue In the middle Sell or Ventricle there is founded and ordained the Cogitative or estimative vertue for he rehearseth sheweth declareth and deemeth those things that be offered vnto him by the other that were spoken of before In the third Ventricle and last there is founded and ordained the vertue Memorative in this place is registred and kept those things that are done and spoken with the sences and keepe them in his treasury vnto the putting forth of the five or common Wittes or Organes or Instruments of animall workes out of whose extremities or lower parts springeth Mynuca or Marrow of the Spondels of whom it shall be spoken of in the Anatomy of the Neck and back Furthermore it is to be noted that from the foremost Ventricle of the Braine springeth seven paire of sentative or
feeling Sinewes the which â—e produced to the Eyes the Eares the Nose the Tongue and to the Stomacke and to divers other parts of the Body as it shall be declared in their Anatomies Also it is to be noted that about the middle Ventricle is the place of Vermiformis with kurnelly flesh that filleth and Retemirabile a wonderfull Cauâ—e vnder the Pannicles is set or bounded with Arteirs onely which come from the Heart in the which the vitall spirit by his great labour is turned and made animall And yee shll understand that these two be the best kept parts of all the Body for a man shall rather dye than any of these should suffer any manner of griefes from without forth and therefore God hath set them farre from the Heart Heere J note the saying of Haly Abba of the comming of small Artiers from the Heart of whom saith he is made a marvellous Net or Caule in the which Caule is inclosed the Braine and in that place is laid the spirit of Feeling from that place hath the spirit of Feeling his first creation and from thence passeth other members c. Furthermore yee shall understand that the Brain is a member cold and moist of complexion thin and meanly viscous and â— principal member and an officiall member and spermaticke And first why he is a principall member is because he is the governour or the treasury of the five Wittes And why he is an officiall member is because he hath the effect of feeling and stirring And why he is cold and moyst is that he should by his coldnesse and moystnesse abate and temper the exceeding heate and drought that commeth from the Heart And why it is moyst is that it should be the more indifferenter and abler to every thing that should be reserved or gotten into him And why it is soft is that it should give place and favour to the vertue of stirring And why it is meanly viscous is that his sinewes should not be letted in their working through his overmuch hardnesse Heere Galen demandeth a question which is this Whether that Feeling and moving be brought to Nerves by one or by divers Or whether the aforesaid thing be brought substantially or rather judicially The matter saith he is so hard to search and to be understood that it were much better to let it alone and passe over it Aristotle intreating of the Braine saith The Braine is a member continually moving and ruling all other members of the body giving unto them both Feeling and moving for if the Braine be let all other members be let and if the Braine be well then all other members of the body be the better disposed Also the Braine hath this property that it moveth and followeth the moving of the Moone For in the waxing of the Moone the Braine followeth upwards and in the wane of the Moone the Braine discendeth downewards and vanisheth in substance of vertue for then the Braine shrinketh together in it selfe and is not so fully obedient to the spirit of Feeling And this is proved in men that be Lunaticke and Mad and also in men that be Epulenticke or having the Falling sicknesse that be most grieved in the beginning of the new Moone and in the latter quarter of the Moone Wherefore saith Aristotle when it happeneth that the Braine is either too dry or too moyst then can it not worke his kind for then is the Body made cold then are the spirits of Life melted and resolved away and then followeth feeblenesse of the Wittes and of all other members of the Body and last Death CHAP. V. The Anatomy of the Face THe Front or the Forehead containeth nothing but the Skin and Musculus flesh for the Pannicle underneath it is of Pericranium and the Bone is of the Coronall bone Howbeit there it is made broad as if there were a double bone which maketh the forme of the browes It is called the Forehead or Front from one eare to the other and from the rootes of the eares of the head before unto the Browes But the cause why the browes were set and reared up was that they should defend the eyes from noyance without-foorth and they be ordained with haire to put by the humor or sweat that commeth from the head Also the browes doe helpe the eye-liddes and doe beautifie and make faire the face for he that hath not his browes haired is not seemely And Aristotle sayth that over-measurable Browes betokeneth an envious man Also high browes and thicke betokeneth cowardise and meanly signifieth gentlenesse of heart Incisions about this part ought to be done according to the length of the body for there the Muscle goeth from one Eare to the other And there if any incision should be made with the length of the Muscle it might happen the brow to hang over the eye without remedy as it is many times seene the more pitty The Browes are called Supercilium in Latine and under is the eye-lids which is called Cilium and is garnished with haires Two causes J find why the eye-lids were ordained The first is that they should keepe and defend the Eye from Dust and other outward noyances The second is when the eye is weary or heavie then they should be covered and take rest nnderneath them Why the haires were ordained in them is that by them is addressed the formes or similitudes of visible things vnto the Apple of the Eye The Eare is a member seemely and gristly able to be holden without and is the Organ or Instrument of Hearing It is of complexion cold and dry But why the Eare was set up out of the head is this that the sounds that be very fugitive should lurke and abide under his shadow till it were taken of the Instruments of Hearing Another cause is that it should keepe the hole that it standeth over from things falling in that might hinder the Hearing The Sinewes that are the Organs or Instruments of Hearing spring each from the Braine from whence the seven paire of Sinewes doe spring and when they come to the hole of the Eare there they writhe like a Winepresse and at the ends of them they be like the head of a Worme or like a little teate in which is received the sound and so carryed to the common wits The Eyes be next of nature unto the Soule for in the Eye is seene and knowne the disturbances and griefes gladnesse and joyes of the Soule as Love Wrath and other passions The Eyes be the Instruments of sight And they be compound and made of ten things that is to say of seven Tunicles or Coates and of three humours Of the which sayth Galen the Braine and the Head were made for the Eye that they might be in the highest as a Beholder in a Tower as it was rehearsed in the Anatomy of the Head But divers men hold divers opinions of the Anatomy of the Eyes for some men account but three Tunicles and some sixe
Theoricke and Practicke Theorick to know and Practicke to worke The ground of the Theoricke is to know the Elements and Humours that proceedeth from them which is for mans health or against it Letchcraft teaches us Causes effects and Signes Signes to know the causes and effects and therefore J treat of signes and many signes doth belong to Physicke and Chyrurgerie as Crisses Urine Pounces Vomits Sege and other c. Chyrurgerie is in Wounds Impostumes and Algebra and Chyrurgerie holdeth foure parts viz. Wounds and Impostumes Algebra and Anatomie And Antidotary is the fift which is a kind of Salves against all kind of Sores that belongeth to Chyrurgerie Algebra is broken Bones and bones out of joynt Antidotary of Chyrurgerie is in Waters Powders Oyles Oyntments and Emplaisters most principall some must bee repercussive some Moleficative some Maturative some generative and some Corosive Anotomie is to know the Body of man throughout and all his Members within and without Two members hath every manner of man viz. Principall and Officiall and foure principall every man hath viz. Braine Heart Liver and Stones the Braine hath the head and necke the Heart hath the Lungs Brest and Midriffe the Liver hath the stomacke and other members downe to the Reynes as Guts Gall and the Kelle veyne and Milt the Milt upon the left side and the gall upon the Liver the Stones hath Reynes Bladder and other Privities and these are the foure principall members Braine Heart Liver and Stones and without Braine Heart and Liver no man can live and without Stones can no man engender three things in the Stones is cause of engendring Heat Wind and humours Heat commeth from the Liver Spirit from the Heart and humours from the Braines that man is made of if any of these foure be faulty that man can not as he should kindly engender These sixe vertues are rooted in the Liver viz. Attractive Digestive Diminusive Expulsive Retentive and a Simulative that is in our English tongue Drawing and breaking out putting holding and liking For first Nature draweth in that which it needeth to live by and then all to breake it and then departeth the good from the bad and holdeth to it the good and then dispierseth the good to all the members of the Body Officiall members bee those that have certaine offices in mans Body where ever they be as the Eye to see the Eare to heare the Hand to touch the Mouth to speake the Feet to goe and many such other c. Also such are called members as branches from the principall to the officiall as the Arme or Legge that rooteth in the principall and brancheth to the officials And so Nerves Artiers Veynes Lygaments Chords Bones Pannicles and Gristles Flesh and Skin to teach them their Office But Nerves Veynes and Artiers bee most needfull for they bee Wells and Rootes of all other Nerves comming from the Braine and Artiers from the Heart and Veynes from the Liver into all the body Nerves giveth to the Body feeling and moving and Artiers leaving and Veynes increasing A Veyne hath but one Tunacle and an Artier hath two in the one runneth Bloud and in the other spirits and all beating Veynes bee Artiers the which J call Pulses and all other be simple Veynes and all such members saving Flesh alone are melancholious and their nature is Sperme but flesh is Sanguine and therefore it may be sodered be it never so much cut but the other said members because their matter is Sperme may never be sodered if they be much cue Now will J speake of Wounds which is the second part of Chyrurgerie ONe of these intentions hath every Surgion The first is to containe that that iâ— evill loosed the second is to loose that that is evill contained the third is to take away that that is too much the fourth is to increase that that is too little In these foure entents standeth all Chirurgery The first is in Wounds the second is Impostumes the third and fourth Algâ—brâ— holdeth Wounds be in many manners Simple and Compound Simple in the flesh alone and compound in seven manners There be seven things that letteth a wound not lightly to heale viz. Empostumes discrased hollownesse or bitten by a venemous Beast and these letteth a Chirurgion suddenly to heale a wound and if a Sinew bee cut or pricked or wounded to the Bone or if the wound bee hollow or else discrased with a Fever or bruised or made by venemous Beasts then mayest thou not as thou wouldest close up a wound And if a wound lacke all these seven things then it is simple Thus Medicine is Letchcraft that is both Physicke and Chirurgery and every one of them hath first his Theoricke perfectly to know and afterwards his Practique cunningly to worke the grounds of both which Qualities are Elements and Humours and â—â—â—nes most needfull both of Urine and Pulses Thus much for the Theoricke Divers things very necessary for every Practitioner in Surgerie to have in a readinesse And first for Instruments viz. NOvacula Spâ—â—illâ—â— Sâ—alpâ—llâ—â— Latâ—â— Spâ—â—illâ—â— Forâ—icis Styluâ— Volsellâ— Acuâ— Caâ—â—liâ—ula Forata Fasâ—iâ— Habâ—â—â— ad membra laquâ—â— intepcipiâ—â—dâ— Panniâ—uli linei ad vâ—lâ—â—ra abligaâ—â—â— Lintâ—a concâ—rpta Aâ—risâ—alpiuâ—â— Forcipâ—s ad dâ—â—tes â—vâ—llâ—ndâ—s Ferraâ—entuâ— quâ—â—râ—â—i dâ—ntes â—radâ—â—tur â—nâ—inus or as Câ—lsuâ— calleth it Hamulâ—â—â—â—â—â—sum 2. For sodaine Accidents HE must have in readinesse Powders Unguents and Emplasters They serve to stop Bleeding to conglutinate Wounds to clense foule and rotten Ulcers to mollifie hardnesse to produce a Cicatrix and Skinne to remove away all excrescent and corrupt Flesh to cease paine to strengthen Fractures and Luxations 3. For Powders THey are of three sorts The first is to stay Bleeding as that which is framed of Bolus Armoniae of Rosis of Mastickes and Pollin The second is for Fractures of the Scull and hurts of other Bones and is called Pulvis Cephalicus and is framed of Radicibus irâ—os of Aristâ—lâ—â—â—iae of Myrrhe Aloes and such like The third is to remove away excrescent and corrupt Flesh as Alumen ustuâ— of Pul praeâ—ipit Merâ—urii and such like 4. For Vnguents HE must have Vnguentum Basilicon which doth humect digest and cease paine Vnguentum album Rhasis which doth Refrigerate coole and dry Vnguentum Aureum called of some Regis which doth Incarnate and conglutinate Wounds together Vnguentum Dialthea simplex which doth Calefie soften humect and also cease paine Vnguentum Apostolorum which doth deterge mollifie dry and remove away corrupt and superfluous Flesh And of like faculty almost is Mundificativum ex apiâ— and Aegyptiacum 5. For Emplasters DIachilon compositum which doth ripen Apostumes and doth mollifie and resolve hardnesse and doth digest and also absterge Diacalciteos commonly called Diapalma which doth conglutinate Ulcers produceth Cicatrix and skinne and according to the opinion of Galen is very fit for the curing of Phlegme Emplastrum de Betonica which is also called De Janua it doth unite
a Veyne from the Liver that bringeth blood to nourish the Kidneyes called Blood nutrimentall The grease of the Kidneyes or Fatnesse is as of other members but it is an officiall member made of thin Blood congealed and cruded through cold and there is ordained the greater quantity in his place because it should receive and temper the heat of the Kidneyes which they have of the byting sharpnesse of the water Now by the Kidneyes upon the Spondels passeth Venakelis or Venacua which is a Veyne of great substance for hee receiveth all the Nutrimentall blood from the Liver and from him passeth many small Pipes on every side and at the Spondell betweene the shoulders hee divideth himselfe whole in two great branches the one goeth into the one arme and the other into the other and there they devide themselves into many Veynes and branches as is declared in the Armes CHAP. IX The Anatomie of the Haunches and their parts THe Haunches are the lower part of the Wombe joyning to the Thighes and the secret members And three things there are to be noted thereof The first is of the parts containing the second is of the parts contained and the third is of the parts proceeding outwards The parts containing outwardly be Myrac and Syfac the Zirbus and the bones The part contained outwardly are the Vezike or Bladder the Spermaticke vessels the Matrix in women Longaon Nerves Veynes and Artiers descending downewards The parts proceeding outwards are the Buttocks and the Muscles descending to the Thighes of which it is to bee spoken of in order And first of the parts containing as of Myrac Syfac and Zirbus there is enough spoken of in the Anatomy of the Wombe But as for the Bones of the Hanches there bee in the parts of the back three Spondels of Ossa sacri or of the Hanches and three Cartaliginis Spondels of Ossa Cande called the Taile-bone And thus it is proved that there is in every man thirty Spondels and thus they are to be numbred in the Necke seaven in the Ridge twelue in the Reynes five and in the Hanches sixe And it is to be noted that every Spondell is hollow in the middest through which hollownesse passeth Nuca from the Braine or the Marrow of the Backe And some Authors say that Mynuca is of the substance that the Braine is of For it is like in substance and in it self giveth to the Nerves both the vertue of Moving and Feeling And also every Spondell is holden on every side through the which holes both Artiers and Veynes doe bring from the Heart and the Liver both Life and nourishment like as they doe to the Braine and from the Pannicle of Mynuca or the Marrow of the back through the holes of the sides of the Spondels springeth forth Nerves motives and there they intermingle themselves with the strong Lygaments that be insensible and so the Lygaments receive that feeling of the Nerves which the Nerves taketh of Mynuca And by this reason many Authors prove that Mynuca is of the same substance that the Braine is of and the Pannicles of the Nuca is of the same substance of the Pannicles of the Braine c. And each of these Spondels bee bound fall one with another so that one of them may not well bee named without another And so all these Spondels together contained one by another are called the Ridge-bone which is the foundation of all the shape of the Body They with the laâ—t Spondell be contained or joyned to the Bones of the Haunches and they be the upholders of all the Spondels And these Bones bee small towards the Taile-bone and broad towards the Hanches and before they joyne and make Os Pectinis And so they bee broad in the parts of the Jles and therefore some Authors calleth it Ylea And each of these two Bones towards the Liver hath a great round hole into which is received the Bone called Vertebra or the Whorlebone Also besides that place there is a great hole or way thorow the which passeth from above Musculus Veynes and Artiers and goe into the Thighes And thus it is to bee noted that of this Bone Pecten and the Bone Vertebra is made the juncture of the Thigh Now to speake of the parts contained the first thing that commeth to sight is the Bladder the which is an officiall member compound of two Nervous Pannicles in complexion cold and dry whose Necke is carnous and hath Muscles to with-hold and to let goe and in man it is long and is contained with the yard passing through Peritoneum but in women it is shorter and is contained with the Vulva The place of the Bladder is betweene the bone of the Share and the Tayle-gut called Longaon and in women it is betweene the aforesaid bone and the Matrix And in it is implanted two long vessels comming from the Kidneyes whoâ—e names be Porri Vrikcides bringing with them the Urine or water from the Kidneys to the Bladder which privily entreth into the holes of the Pannicles of the Bladder by a naturall moving betweene Tunicle and Tunicle and there the Urine findeth the hole of the nether Tunicle and there it entreth privily into the concavity of the bladder and the more that the Bladder is filled with Urine the straiter bee the two Pannicles comprised together for the holes of the Tunicles be not even one against another and therefore if the bladder be never so full there may none goe backe againe The forme of it is round the quantity of it is a Pitcher full in some more in some lesse c. Also there is found two other vessels called Vaza Seminaria or the Spermaticke Vessels And they come from Venakelis bringing blood to the Testikles as well in Man as in Woman the which by his further digestion it is made sperme or nature in men they be put outward for the Testikles be without but in women it abideth within for their Testikles stand within as it shall be declared hereafter Next followeth the Matrix in women the Matrix in women is an officiall member compound and Nerveous and in complexion cold and dry and it is the field of mans generation and it is an instrument susceptive that is to say a thing receiving or taking and her proper place is betweene the Bladder and the Gut Longaon the likenesse of it is as it were a yard reversed and turned inward having Testikles likewise as aforesaid Also the Matrix hath two Concavities or Selles and no more but all Beasts have as many Selles as they have Pappes-heads Also it hath a long Necke like an Urinall and in every Necke it hath a mouth that is to say one within and another without The inner in the time of conception is shut and the outer part is open as it was before and it hath in the middest a Lazartus Pannicle which is called in Latine Tengitâ— And in the creation of this Pannicle is found two utilities The
first is that by it goeth forth the Urine or else it should bee shed throughout all the Vulva The second is that when a woman doth set her Thighs abroad it altereth the ayre that commeth to the Matrix for to temper the heate Furthermore the Necke that is betweene these two aforesaid mouthes in her concavity hath many involusions and pleates joyned together in the manner of Rose-leaves before they be fully spread or ripe and so they be shut together as a purse mouth so that nothing may passe forth but urine untill the time of Childing Also about the middle of this necke be certaine Veynes in Maydens the which in time of deflowring be corrupted and broken Furthermore in the sides of the outer mouth are two Testicles or Stones and also two vessels of Sperme shorter then mans vessels and in time of Coyt the Womans sperme is shead downe in the bottome of the Matrix Also from the Liver there commeth to the Matrix many Veynes bringing to the Child nourishing at the time of a womans being with Child and those Veynes at such time as the Matrix is voyd bring thereto superfluities from certaine members of the Body whereof are engendred womans Flowers c. And forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God to give the knowledge of these his Misteries and Workes unto his Creatures in this present World Heere J suppose to declare what thing Embreon is and his Creation The noble Philosophers as Galen Avicen Bartholmeus and divers others writing upon this matter say That Embreon is a thing engendred in the Mothers wombe the origin all whereof is the Sperme of the Man and of the Woman of the which is made by the might and power of GOD in the mothers wombe a Child as hereafter more at large shall bee declared First the field of Generation called the Matrix or the Mother is knowne in the Anatomy whose place is properly betwixt the Bladder and Longaon in the Woman in which place is sowne by the Tillage of man a covenable matter of kindly heate For kindly heate is cause efficient both of doing and working and Spirit that giveth vertue to the Body and governeth and ruleth that vertue the which Seed of generation commeth from all the parts of the Body both of the Man and Woman with consent and will of all Members and is shead in the place of Conceiving where thorow the vertue of Nature it is gathered together in the Celles of the Matrix or the Mother in whom by the way of the working of mans Seede and by the way of suffering of the Womans Seed mixt together so that each of them worketh in other and suffereth in other there is engendred Embreon And further it is to bee noted that this Sperme that commeth both to man and woman is made and gathered of the most best and purest drops of Blood in all the body and by the labour and chafing of the Testikles or Stones this Blood is turned into another kind and is made Sperme And in man it is hot white and thicke wherefore it may not spread nor runne abroad of it selfe but runneth and taketh temperance of the Womans sperme which hath contrary qualities For the womans sperme is thinner colder and feebler And as some Authors hold opinion when this matter is gathered into the right side of the Matrix then it happeneth a Male-kind and likewise on the left the Female and where the vertue is most there it favoureth most And further it is to bee noted that like as the Renet of the Cheese hath by himselfe the way or vertue of working so hath the Milke by way of suffering and as the Renet and milke make the Cheese so doth the sperme of Man and Woman make the generation of Embreon of the which thing springeth by the vertue of kindly heate a certaine Skin or Caule into the which it lappeth it selfe in wherewith afterwards it is tyed to the Mothers wombe the which covering commeth forth with the byrth of the Childe and if it happen that any of the Skinne remaine after the byrth of the Child then is the Woman in perill of her life Furthermore it is said that of this Embreon is ingendred the Heart the Liver the Braynes Nerves Veynes Arteirs Chords Lygaments Skins Gristles and Bones receiving to them by kindly vertue the menstruall blood of which is engendred both flesh and fatnesse And as Writers say the first thing that is shapen be the principals as is the Heart Liver and Braine For of the Heart springeth the Artiers of the Liver the Veines and of the Brain the Nerves and when these are made Nature maketh and shapeth both Bones and Gristles to keepe and save them as the bones of the head for the Brain the Breast Bones and the Ribbes for the Heart and the Liver And after these springeth all other members one after another and thus is the Child bred forth in foure degrees as thus The first is when the said Sperme or Seed is at the first as it were Milke The second is when it is turned from that kind into another kind is yet but as a lumpe of Blood and this is called of Hypocrates Fettus The third degree is when the principals be shapen as the Heart Liver and Braine The fourth and last as when all the other members bee perfectly shapen then it receiveth the Soule with Life and Breath and then it beginneth to move it selfe alone Now in these foure degrees aforesaid in the first as Milke it continueth seven dayes in the second as Fettus nine dayes in the third as a lumpe of Flesh engendring the principals the space of nine dayes and in the fourth unto the time of full perfection of all the whole members is the space of eighteene dayes So is there fixe and forty dayes from the day of Conception unto the day of full perfection and receiving of the Soule as God best knoweth Now to come againe to the Anatomy of the Haunches Then come wee to Longaon otherwise called the Taile-gut whose substance is Pannicular as of all the other Bowels the length of it is of a span long stretching nigh to the Reynes his nether part is called Annis that is to say the Towell and about him is found two Muscles the one to open the other to shut Also there is found in him five Veâ—nes or Branches of Veynes called Venae Emoraidales and they have Colliganes with the Bladder whereof they are partners in their grieves And when this Longaon is raised up then ye may see the Veynes and Artiers and Sinewes how they bee branched and bound down to the nether parts the parts proceeding outwardly are Didimus Peritoneum the Yard the Testikles and Buttocks And first it shall be spoken of the Yard or of mans generative members the which dureth unto that part that is called Peritoneum the which place is from the Coddes unto the Fundament whereupon is a seame Wherefore saith the Philosopher mans Yard is
in the end and terme of the share The Yard is an officiall member and the Tiller of mans generation compound and made of Skin Brawnes Tendons Veynes Arteirs Sinewes and great Lygaments and it hath in it two passages or principall issues one for the Sperme and another for the Urine And as the Philosophers say the quantity of a common yard is eight or nine Inches with measurable bignesse proportioned to the quantity of the Matrix This member hath as Avicen saith three holes through one passeth insensible polisions and wind that causeth the Yard to rise the other two holes is declared before Also the yard hath a Skinne and about the head thereof it is double and that men call Praeputium and this Skinne is moveable for through his consecration the Spermaticke matter is the better and sooner gathered together and sooner cast forth from the Testikles for by him is had the most delectation in the doing And the foremost part of the head of the Yard before is made of a brawny flesh the which if it bee once lost it is never restored againe but it may be well skinned c. The Coddes is a compound member and an officiall and though it bee counted amongst the generative members yet it is called a principall member because of generation This Purse was ordained for the custody and comfort of the Testikles and other Spermaticke vessels and it is also made of two parts of inner and of the outer The outer is compound and made of Skinne and Lazartus Longitudinall and Transversall in like manner as the Myrac The inner part of the Cods is of the substance of the Sifac and are in similitude as two pockets drawne together by themselves and they differ not from the Syfac and there bee two because if there fall any hurt to the one the other should serve The Testikles or stones bee two made of Glandulus flesh or Curnelly flesh And furthermore through the Didimus commeth the Testikles from the Braine Sinewes and from the Heart Artiers and from the Liver Veynes bringing unto them both feeling and stirring Life and Spirit and Nutrimentall blood and the most purest blood of all other members of the Body whereof is made the Sperme by the labour of the Testikles the which is put forth in due time as is before rehearsed The Groynes bee knowne they bee the empty Junctures or purging place unto the Liver and they have curnelly flesh in the plying or bowing of the Thighes The Hippes have great brawny flesh on them and from thence descend downwards Brawns Chords and Lygaments moving and binding together the Thighes with the Haunches themselues CHAP. X. The Anatomie of the Thighes Legges and Feet THE Legge reacheth from the Joynt of the Thigh unto the extremity of the Toes and J will divide it in parts as the Armes were divided One part is called Coxa or Thigh and that is all that is contained from the joynt of the Haunch unto the Knee The second part is called Tibia and that reacheth from the Knee to the Ankle The third is the little foot and that is from the Anckle unto the end of the Toes And heere it is to bee noted that the Thigh Legge and foot are compound and made as the great Arme or hand with Skin Flesh Veynes Artiers Sinewes Brawnes Tendons and Bones whereof they are to be spoken of in order Of the Skinne and Flesh there is enough spoken of before And as of Veynes and Arteirs in their descending downwards at the last Spondels they bee divided into two parts whereof the one part goeth into the right Thigh and the other into the Left And when they come to the Thigh they be divided in other two great Branches the one of them spreadeth into the inner side of the Legge and the other spreadeth into the outer side and so branching descend downe to the Legge to the Anckles and Feet and bee brought into foure Veynes which be commonly used in letting Blood as hereafter followeth One of them is under the inner Ankle toward the heel called Soffena and another under the outer Ankle called Siarica and another under the Hamme called Poplitica the fourth betweene the little Toe and the next called Renalis And it is to be noted of these foure great Veynes in the Legges of the manifold dangers that might fall of them as oft it happeneth There bee many other branches which a Chirurgion needeth not much to passe upon The Sinewes spring of the last Spondell and of Os Sacrum and passeth through the hole of the bone of the Hippe and descendeth to the Brawnes and moveth the Knee and the Hamme and these descend downe to the Ankle and move the Foot and the brawnes of the Feet move the Toes in like manner as is declared in the bones of the Hand The first is called Coxa that is the Thigh-bone and he is without a fellow and he is full of Marrow and is round at either end The roundnesse that is at the upper end is called Vertebrum or Whyrlebone and boweth inwards and is received into the Concavities of the bone of the Legge at the Knee called the great Fossels There is also at the Knee a round bone called the Knee-panne Then followes the Legge wherein is two bones called Focile Major and Focile Minor the bigger of them passeth before making the shape of the shinne and it is called the Shin-bone and passeth downe making the inner ankle The lesse passeth from the Knee backwards descending downe to the outer Anckle and there formeth that Ankle c. The bones of the Feet are sixe and twenty as thus First next the Ankle bone is one called in Latine Orabalistus Next under that towards the Heele is one called Galeani and betweene them is another bone called Os Nauculare In the second ward there be foure bones called Raceti as be in the hands In the third and fourth wards be foureteene called Digitori and five called Pectens at the extremities of the Toes next to the Nailes And thus be there in the Foot sixe and twenty bones with the Legge from the Ankle to the Knee two in the knee and one round and flat bone and in the Thigh one And thus you shall find in the whole Leg and Foot thirty bones And this may serve for young Practitioners in the Anatomie Veynes in Mans body perfect is 365. Bones 217. Teeth 32. For that in us all things may vaine appeare A Veyne wee have for each day in the Yeare For Practice It is necessary to know what Letchcraft and Chyrurgerie is with their severall parts thereto belonging in the Theorick and Practick Very usefull for young Practitioners PART II. Letchcraft is Chyrurgerie that is to heale a man of all manner of Sicknesse and to keepe him whole so farre as craft may KNow that in Letchcraft is contayned two things that is both Physicke and Chyrurgerie Likewise Letchcraft and Chyrurgerie hath each of them two Parts viz.