Barrel in which was the meal but more especially that which is called a pitcher and so more frequently it is used This word both the Greeks and the Latines take unto themselves only varying the Termination as is most proper to each Language and that in the very same signification Now the proper containing Vessel for the bloud is the Veins there the bloud is as I may say at home in its own place while it is in the heart it is preparing enlivening and enobling while it is in the Lungs and all the other Parenchymous parts of the bowels it is depurating and cleansing while it is in the Arteries it is by force journeying while it is in the Porosities of the fleshy parts it is communicating of life and nourishing but while it is in the Veins it hath no force upon it at all nor is it doing any thing of general use to the Body only consulting its own good and tending in its own natural course to its proper Center as milk is in the breasts and marrow in the bones so is bloud in the veins and therefore these are the Pitcher here intended This Pitcher also hath its Ear which is usually called Auricula Cordis which notwithstanding its name as if it most properly appertained to the heart yet we must know doth rather belong to the vein and is indeed a part thereof and not only a part but the principal and primary part thereof from whence all other parts and branches do arise as from their original and whereunto all the bloud of the body by the Compressive motion of the Veins doth naturally tend as to its ultimate hold and whence-from it will in no wise depart but by force and therefore this head-spring of the veins being dilated by the continual afflux of bloud is necessitated to ease it self by Contraction and so conveniently forceth out a due proportion of bloud into the Fountain whereunto it is annexed Now the Fountain can be no other than the right Ventricle of the heart for this is yet more strictly the fountain of life and forge of the vital spirits and it doth sensibly live before and dye after the other parts even of the heart it self Moreover here it is that the matter of our nourishment receiveth its first enlivening for our food being received from the stomack and guts into the common passage of Chyle is thence-from carried directly into the subclavial branch of the Vena Cava where being mixed with bloud it yet remains lifeless and heartless till being carried along that vein it is at last brought into the right Ventricle of the heart wherein the heat motion and ferment set the active principles thereof at a perfect freedom and so instantly endow it with plenty both of life and spirit Thus richly fraught doth the bloud pass out of its fountain and by the waies before described it is brought to all the parts of the body where parting with much of its lading for their sustentation and being refrigerated by the coldness of the extremities and the ambient air it would soon be coagulated and altogether barren did it not return again to the right Ventricle of the heart as unto its own fountain to recover its former perfection This part therefore that doth at the first give life to that which enliveneth the whole man and doth as often as it returns thither impraegnate it anew with the same must needs be the fountain here intended And to this the Original word gives an extraordinary clearness implying not only the Signum but the Signatum not the Hieroglyphick only but the part thereby deciphered signifying in the first place Fons a Fountain and secondarily Scaturigo Venarum the spring or original from whence the Veins arise and this is so clear that made ancient Commentators interpret the Fountain here unto the Liver Now had they been right in their natural knowledge that is had they known that the Veins do not arise from the Liver as from their first original but from the right Ventricle of the heart as all knowing men now confess they do they had without all doubt by the guidance of this most significant word pitched upon the true meaning of the place These Vessels being throughly understood we must farther know that so long as man remains in perfect health and strength they are uncellantly and carefully performing all those offices unto which they are appointed but this natural Course doth not continue for ever for this Pitcher is but an earthen Vessel and doth not so often go to the Fountain but at last it comes broken home This breaking of the Pitcher here which is the Symptome of old age just upon the point of death is the failing of the Veins their ceasing from their natural action and use when they can no longer carry back nor conveniently pass into the heart that liquor which they properly contain That little bloud that remains in the cold body of man near his end is soon Coagulated and stagnating in the Veins the motion and circulation thereof is hindered and so it becomes thick like unto the pith of Elder And because it cannot return to the fountain for a redintegration of its life and spirit it dyeth in the veins and so all the extream parts of the body become spiritless and cold which is the Symptome here intended Frigiditas extremorum is acknowledged by all that have considered that subject as one of the most certain signs of approaching death And our great Master of Prognosticks in that compleat and yet compendious book of his Aphorisms doth once and again not out of forgetfulness but out of earnestness that it may more especially be taken notice of give us that famous Maxime 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The wheel broken at the Cistern The Symptome last spoken of had reference to the Instruments of the vital Faculty which serve for importation and reception of the bloud and spirits this that we are now speaking to hath reference to those which serve for exportation and rejection of the same The bloud as was before observed naturally of its own accord tends in the veins unto the heart but it returns not from the heart into the parts of the body but by force Thus all the Rivers in the Land naturally ebb into the Sea but they flow not thence-from any farther than the violence and impulse of the Sea extends The bloud being once forced from the heart is presently received into the Trunk of the great Artery called the Aorta and by the branches thereof is carried to all the parts of the body This therefore being the chief and principal instrument of Rotation or Circulation of the bloud is most aptly intimated unto us by a Wheel For what is a Wheel but an instrument of Circulation And what can a Wheel be an Hieroglyphick of but of something that goes or makes the round And this is so obvious to every one that all that have ever Commented upon this place
have been still hammering at some such thing Some therefore have interpreted this place to the life of man which passeth as in a Ring according to that saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Others have interpreted it to the death of man when his compounding parts shall revert into the first beings Cedit enim retro de terra quod fuit ante In terram c. And so they make this expression explained at large in the following verse The dust shall return to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return to God that gave it Others interpret it to the reciprocal Communications between the heart and the head the heart continually sending to the head bloud and vital spirits and the head again returning them to the heart sublimed instruments of animality Lastly There are that ingeniously interpret it to Respiration which is performed by a circular motion Inspiration and Expiration continually succeeding one another in their Courses All these Archers have shot exceeding well and have hit the But while many others have shot at Rovers yet these not being able to discern the White have not touched that principal Mark. I mean the grand Circulation in mans body not being known to these ancient Commentators they have done the best that could be in the second place What this grand Circulation is and how performed hath been already described and those vessels that are inward bound which bring home the noble Travellour the encompassour of the little World were described in the Explanation of the foregoing Symbole but those which are outward bound which carry him forth with all his wealth and substance to accomplish his intended end are here intimated unto us by the Wheel That the great Artery with all its branches throughout the whole body is here principally pointed at hath been already said and may be farther confirmed first in that it answers so directly to the vein signified in the last Symptome by the Pitcher Secondly In that it is to us the most apparent Pulsor we can feel the bloud to be forced along its Cavity in the Wrists the Temples and divers other parts of the body Lastly in that it is so appositely placed at the Cock of the Cistern as you shall hear hereafter Yet we must not so limit this Wheel to the Arteries as to exclude the very substance and Parenchymous part of the heart it self For upon whatsoever Instruments the pulsifick faculty is exercising it self they are all here intended by the Wheel for they are they and they only that carry off the bloud from the fountain and force it from the Center of the body to the Circumference Water may easily be conveyed in Trunks or Pipes by its own natural tendency only unto all those places that are beneath or level with the Spring from whence it first comes but if you would have it of a farther use to serve those places that are higher than the spring you must then fetch it up with violence by a Wheel or some such Instrument of force as is to be seen in our Water-houses and all such ingenious Inventions of publick good Thus all the bloud in mans body is in certain Pipes and Trunks by its own natural tendency only brought home to the heart but it will in no wise go farther to be of a more general use to the whole body till it have some Instrument of force to compel it thence-from The Pulsifick faculty is the mover and the Instruments of Pulsation the Wheel that performs this work that is of so publick a concern to the whole The Cistern from whence this Wheel forceth that liquor which afterwards it conveyeth throughout all the parts is the left Ventricle of the heart for hereunto it is that the great Artery is annexed and from hence it doth arise A Cistern is a Vessel made on purpose to receive a due proportion of water and to contain it till the time of use and then conveniently to pass it into those other vessels that are appointed to receive it thence-from And thus the left Ventricle of the heart doth in its Diastole receive that bloud that is brought unto it by the Arteria Venosa of the Lungs and having retained it a little it doth in its Systole conveniently pass a due proportion thereof into the Aorta to be dispensed as was spoken before And this is the true and only use of the left Ventricle For the bloud being enobled and enlivened in the right Ventricle and refrigerated and cleansed from its fuliginous vapours in the Lungs it is now in all things accomplished for its ultimate use and remains only to be sent into those several parts it is to quicken which it cannot conveniently be unless it be first received into this Cistern and afterwards by the Pulsifick Faculty and Instruments be disposed of to that appointed end and we cannot but here remind those portals that are placed both at the entrance into and passage from the vessel we are now speaking of namely the Valvulae tricuspides sigmoideae which as the Cocks to let in and let out do by their opening or shutting give convenient passage or absolute stoppage to that liquor which continually runs that way It cannot but by this time be acknowledged by all those that have gone along with us and taken special notice of the aptness of these two expressions viz. The Pitcher at the Fountain and the Wheel at the Cistern to symbolize unto us the circulation of the bloud and the use and action of the heart and the parts belonging thereunto that the Doctrine which is now justly called Harvaean was at first Solomonian For as it pleased God in these latter daies to give in this certain and most useful knowledge to the industrious and indefatigable endeavours of the Learned Dr. Harvey so did he of old give in the same unto King Solomon in the lump together with all other natural knowledge as a superabundant answer to his fervent and effectual Prayer which great truth being confirmed by the powerful reasons and ocular demonstrations of the one and by this divine testimony of the other let it not be for the future in the least measure doubted or questioned but let it be greatly prized and so much the rather because while many others of great importance wherein these two Worthies doubtless agreed have perished by the way this only from them both hath escaped safe to our hands It remains now that I only name unto you that Symptome of Old Age at the time of death that is here signified unto us by the Wheel broken at the Cistern which cannot but be understood to be the ceasing of the Pulse the Instruments of Pulsation decay and can no longer perform that work which must necessarily be continued for the preservation of life It came to pass when the Lord had a purpose immediately to destroy the Host of the Aegyptians that he looked upon them and troubled them and took off their Charet
I am about All that can be said concerning it is that it is low and mean and ordinary however confest by all it is true genuine and proper And this may be said of it beyond all other whatsoever that it is the basis and foundation of all the rest And every one of them receive their clarity of truth from the Analogy they bear to this primary Interpretation that is that these six verses are a true and proper description of the natural infirm and decrepit Age of mankind That which the Latines call Aetas Capularis the age of him who is shortly to be taken unto Death or into the Coffin or upon the Bier or into the Grave plainly the age of him who is by Course of Nature just at his last and must ere long necessarily yield to inevitable dissolution There is in that language also another word which way soever we take its Etymology that will excellently signifie unto us the Condition here delineated And that is Silicernium for whether we take it quasi siliceâ herniâ laborans he that is troubled with hard ruptures as very old men for the most part are or Sili herbâ usurus he that will soon call into use such an herb as was then accustomed to funeral entertainments or Silentibus brevi Cernendus he that will quickly be free among the dead or lastly Silices cernens he that by his age and infirmity is continually put in mind of his Tomb or rather that which seems to me most proper he that is bowed down with age so that he cannot but behold the ground whereon he now stands and under which he must ere long be laid And this answereth exactly to the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I shall not take upon me precisely to limit the bounds of this decrepit state forasmuch as they are various in respect of the dispositions of mens bodies of their course of lives and also of the places and ages in which they live The lives of the Patriarks before the floud were extended to almost a thousand years and yet we read not of those sad Symptomes attending them as attend us now at fourscore About the time of the Floud God abbreviates the course of mans life and seems precisely to set it at one hundred and twenty years I know very well most men would have this Text to be understood as a threatning only to the present Inhabitants of the Old World that it should be so many years before the Floud swept them all away But it seems to me and not to me only rather to intend the cutting short of the life of man for the future For it is clear by the Context that the Floud came upon the World within an hundred years after this denunciation which was made when Noah was five hundred years old And he was but six hundred years old when the Floud of waters was upon the Earth Now God doth seldome anticipate the execution of his Judgements in wrath but doth often prorogue it in mercy It is as clear also that many there were even after the Floud whose lives were prolonged beyond this appointed period but they found it very burthensome and grievous and miseries with their age dayly came upon them the first-born of death about that time began to devour their strength and to take possession of them in the right of him that was to succeed And they might then be said to die in the same propriety of Language as Adam did in the day wherein he did eat the forbidden fruit but the Psalmist gives a more exact account of this thing which may stand firm to this very day The daies of our years are threescore years and ten and if by reason of strength they be four score years yet is their strength labour and sorrow for it is soon cut off and we flee away But as the universal Fabrick that God at first extracted out of nothing draws nearer to its end so doth every particular structure therein made weaken and decay As the heaven and the earth wax old so they that dwell therein shall dye in like manner And therefore it is not to be thought that in these daies mans age should be so long nor so many arrive at it as in the daies wherein the Bow of Universal Nature abode in its greater strength Nor can we exactly put the terms of any mans old age so as to say he is now old at this present moment but was not so before for it is that which creeps on by steps and degrees as the shadow upon a Dial. Inde minutatim vires robor adultum Frangit in partem pejorem liquitur aet as Some of the flowers of age blow before othersome sometime on one bough sometime on another here one there one insensibly however when perfected you have it stand in full bloom as is to be seen in the ensuing Analysis Age is here described Generally v. 1. by way of Assertion The evil daies come Negation No pleasure in them Particularly in Symptomes forerunning death Mediately in the Weakened Faculties Internal v. 2. Rational Principal The Sun shall be darkned Inferiour The Light Irrational The Moon Subservient to them both The Stars External Animal v. 3. appearing in the Limbs Superiour The keepers of the house shall tremble Inferiour The strong mèn shall bow themselves Mouth The grinders shall cease because they are few Eyes The lookers out of the windows shall be darkned Natural v. 4. The beginning The doors shall be shut in the streets when the voice of the grinding is low Mixt v. 4. later end Of Inward and outward in want of sleep which binds up both He shall rise up at the voice of the bird Vital and natural The Active Daughters of Musick belonging to the Vital The Passive to the Animal All the daughters of musick shall be brought low Simple eminent affects and most remarkable alterations v. 5. Of The Mind Fear Lesser He shall be afraid of that which is high Greater Fears shall be in the way The Body in respect of parts Excrementitious The Almond tree shall flourish Aliment Sperm or hard The grashopper shall be a burden Sang. or tender Desire shall fail Immediately v. 6. such as belong to the Brain and the parts arising thencefrom Without the scull The silver cord be loosed Within the scull The golden bowl be broken Heart and the parts arising thencefrom as they relate to Importation The pitcher broken at the fountain Exportation The wheel broken at the Cistern Statutum est in Caelis It is a statute in Heaven for all men once to dye by vertue of which it is that man must necessarily pass through all those various steps and passages from the Womb to the Tomb that are appointed unto him in that unalterable Decree As sure as Man is born so sure he must pass along and unless it please the Lord sooner by a violent stroak to take him to
and that which doth farther confirm this reason is from the Antithesis that is also in the predicate of these expressions For as there the Grashoppers are said to grow big or burdensome So here the Capers are said to shrink or decay for so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth and is usually translated dissipabitur abolebitur conteret shall wast or consume shall be spent or worn out and is a Metaphor taken from interbastation patching or piecing sewing or clapping close together making faster or harder those things that were more dilated spongy and flourishing before So that what we are to understand by this Sentence the Capers shall shrink is the alteration of all the moyst and tender parts of the body usually called the sanguineous Fluidarum scil depravatio minoratio mollium ariditas consumptio I cannot exclude hencefrom that change that befalleth the bloud and natural humours of the body in the time of age For they become low and much depauperated they are diminished and far less in quantity than they were before Minimus gelido jam corpore sanguis Nor can I exclude that change that hapneth to the fat and marrow man in his full strength is described by Job to be such an one Whose breasts are full of milk and his bones moystned with marrow But when he is very old there is scarce any milk or fat or marrow or moysture left in all his body a Consumption is determined concerning them all But that alteration which is principally here intended is that which befalleth those parts of the body that usually go under the name of flesh Now the flesh of the body is of three sorts Parenchymous Glandulous or Musculous The flesh either of the bowels or entrails or of the Glandules or kernels or lastly of the Muscles or outward parts of the body that are the instruments of voluntary motion It is without all question that the entrails of man as the Liver the Spleen the Heart the Lungs c. do receive great alteration in age they decline very much from their softness sponginess and porofity and become far harder and faster and more Schirrous than they were before The same also may be said concerning all the natural Glandules in the body of man those that serve either to Excretion to Reduction or to Nutrition They all of them vary much from their primitive tenderness and bigness and so become more durous and are far more consumed than they were at first and that which the Learned and most ingenious Author of the late Tract De Glandulis doth observe of the Thymus by the time of middle age may be also observed of most of the other Glandules in the time of extream age that is that they will bear very little proportion either in weight or substance to what they did at first but by experience they are found to shrivel and shrink away and be consumed almost to nothing But of all the parts of the body those lax and tender flakes of flesh that lye over and cover the bones and are at both ends affixed to them which from the form of some of them are usually called Muscles do most properly deserve the name of flesh and are consequently chiefly intended in this place These are in Scripture called the coverings of a man Thou hast covered me saith David in my mothers womb And again Job Thou hast covered me with skin and with flesh Now as man declines in years so do these coverings wax old and shrink so that at length they become shorter and narrower than that a man can comelily be wrapped up in them So that this together with the former Symptome doth abundantly shew the great alteration and deformity that is easily discerned upon the external parts of the body in the time of extream age The body becomes more uncomly cragged and crumpled the bones stare through the skin the flesh that should cover them is wasted much away And this condition is lively described by Elihu one of the friends of Job who speaking of Gods dealing with men sometime in reference to their body pointing therein at Jobs Consumption which in this respect is exactly answerable to the Marasmus Senilis saith His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen and his bones that were not seen stick out I would have this expression be principally noted and remembred as being a most perfect Comment upon these two last mentioned Symptomes of age For the former words viz. His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen is the same that is said in these words Dissipatur Capparis and the latter words viz. The bones which were not seen stick out is the same which is said in those Impinguatur Locusta And thus much shall suffice to have spoken for the Explication of all those Symtomes that attend a man all along the time of his decrepit state For man goeth to his long home and the mourners go about the streets These words being not at all figurative but only a plain and easie transition from one part of the Allegory to another namely from those Symptomes that attend a man all along his decrepit state unto those that do immediately forerun his Dissolution It is beside my purpose to speak to them at all for my intention hath been only to explain the difficult terms in the Allegory And I would not willingly seem to any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to play the Bishop in anothers Diocess or to meddle with those matters that are peculiarized to another Coat yet because the words are now read I cannot but take notice of two things in them that is first the term of long home and secondly the mourning at the funeral The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which intimates unto us the state of death and is here translated Long hath three eminent significations either of which may be very well accepted in this place In the first place it signifieth abditum occultum a secret and an hidden thing and thus it is derived from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Latitavit absconditum fuit as it is very often used If the whole Congregation of Israel sin through ignorance and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly And again not to cite many places to this purpose which were easie to do in the last Verse of this Chapter and Book of Ecclesiastes For God will bring every work to judgment with every secret thing which is from the same original word used in this fifth verse for long home And indeed that home that we are all hasting to and know not how soon we may recover or come at and aged persons are undoubtedly at the door of is the true and proper hiding place for all living For they shall all lye down alike together in the grave and the worms shall cover them Men are hid together in the dust and their faces are there bound in secret Death is
by reason of the breaking of the Golden Bowl and shrinking up into it self there immediately follows a Coalescense of all the Vessels thereof and a Subsidence of the brain it self and consequently a total abolition of all the actions of the animal Faculty from whence there is not so much as the least hopes of recovery and under this Consideration it is handled in this place Or it may be the distinction of the learned Nymmanus may be more satisfactory to some in answer to this Objection Apoplexia est vel vera vel notha A true Apoplex is when the meatus and open passages of the brain are shut up and obstructed and so the Communication of the spirits is intercepted the substance of the brain and of all the parts appertaining thereunto remaining otherwise in good plight as they ought to be in their due place with their wonted firmness of Composition And this is like unto an house whose entry or common passages are wholly filled up with rubbish so that it becomes altogether useless and this is the disease of old age before-mentioned But a bastard Apoplex is a far more dreadful thing when the tone of the brain and of all the parts within the compass of the Pia mater is wholly relaxed and destroyed and by consequence only thereupon all animal functions do in a moment cease in the manner of the true Apoplex but yet with far more terrible and amazing Symptomes the pulse and respiration also being wholly taken away and the Countenance changed to that gastly aspect before mentioned which is an infallible sign of the dust immediately returning to the earth as it was without any the least stop in its course 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And this is like that house wherein the Philistines were gathered together to see Sampson make sport which came tumbling down when the two foundation Pillars thereof were violently torn from their place Ut Collapsa ruit domus subducta columnis and this is the certain Symptome of death treated on in this Verse And thus much shall suffice to have spoken for the Explication of those Symptomes of death that belong to the instruments of the animal Faculty those two that remain belong to the Vital Or the Pitcher be broken at the Fountain For the right understanding of this Sentence and that which follows which doth depend hereon both of them belonging to the vital Faculty I must crave leave to premise something concerning the life of man wherein it consists and what those parts are that do principally conduce to the production and preservation of it for otherwise it is impossible to understand these Symptomes For as the Prophesies of Daniel and most others of the latter times are closed up and sealed till the time of the end when their known accomplishments shall demonstrate the truths contained in them Just thus hath it hapned to the great mysterious truths contained in these two last expressions forasmuch as the frame action and use of the heart together with the true motion of the bloud in mans body hath lain hid from the time of Solomon throughout all generations unto this last wherein we now live the words of this Allegory that contain the sum of that Doctrine have all this while been an undiscoverable mystery as a book sealed up that none could read or understand And as all those who have endeavoured to reveal the Revelations that must remain unrevealed till the appointed time of their revelation have by all their industry only declared their own weakness and insufficiency for such a work And describing at the best rate they could the mystery of Babylon by their darkness and confusion have only evinced that they themselves were a part thereof even so all those that have undertaken the explication of what we are now about before the Doctrine of Circulation was received among Men and gave light to the World have with their utmost endeavours only declared their own inability and have left these two Aenigmatical symptomes far more intricate then they found them And of all those ancient Commentators and Criticks that I have seen upon the place which has not been a few I never had the least content in any but one and that is he who after he had set down the four symptomes in this last verse he subjoynes as his comment these words Haec quatuor ego non intelligo Most ingenious Castalio had all Interpreters been so plain and honest I perswade my self we had had lesser volumes and yet far better understanding of the sense of Scripture then now we have Now in order to the end proposed we must know in the first place that which the Scripture doth far above all other Writings most clearly declare and that is that the Life of a Man consists in his Blood For it is the Life of all Flesh the blood of it is for the life thereof therefore I said unto the children of Israel ye shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh for the life of all flesh is in the blood thereof And this most noble Liquor of Life hath a primary seat or fountain where it is principally made and from whence it is dispensed throughout the whole Body and this is none other then the Heart for out of it are the issues of life is a truth not onely Moral and Spiritual but Natural also This part continually issueth forth abundance of blood wherein is the life to all the parts that are to be quickned thereby Hence those Medicines that are of a quickning and enlivening vertue are not unfitly called Cordialls because they help the heart in its work and do that by art unto which the heart is by nature appointed And surely between them there is a very great resemblance which makes the Wise Man say A Merry Heart doth good like a Medicine This wonderfull part of Man hath abundance of the wisdome of the Creatour shewed in its formation in so much that none is able fully to comprehend it for it is exceeding deep And that which is said of the Kings heart though in another sense may as truly be said of Mans heart in general The heart of Man is unsearchable Yet thus much cannot but be observed by all those that take pleasure in searching out this great work of God that it is the fountain of life the first living and the last dying part of Man and that it doth communicate of its life and vigour to all the other parts of the Body though at the extreamest distance which live or die according as the beames and influences of this glorious Sun of the Body are communicated unto or intercepted from them It is said of Nabal his heart dyed within him and immediately he became as a stone If the heart give not forth its vivifying vertue the flesh doth immediately fail And there is no fear of the latter if there be a continuation of the former for a
sound heart is the life of the flesh My son give me thy heart saith Solomon intimating that that was vertually a gift of the whole The soveraignty and principallity of the Heart above all the other members of the body might be abundantly confirmed from Scripture but what hath been said may suffice Yet there is one place relating more particularly to the action and use of the heart that I would especially note and that is in our English Bookes My heart is inditing a good matter But here as in many other places the Translation comes very short of the Original and so the whole strength of the Metaphor is lost 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word is not elsewhere used in the Bible and therefore in this place greatly to be weighed it hath two significations which joyned together make up the whole work of the heart The first is fervere ebullire praeparare cibos the other is cum impetu prâ—trudere longè eructare sive pulsare the heart gives heat and motion and life unto that which is to be our nourishment and after that it doth with a certain force and vehemency cast it forth and pulse it to all even the extreamest parts that are thereby to be enlivened And this in the Letter not having been understood by Interpreters makes them come farr short also in the Mystery which is that the Doctrine of the Kingdom of Christ for that is the good thing that his heart is here inditing having not as yet had its full measure of strength and life in the World and that which it formerly had by reason of the revolution of time and circulation of Ages being much weakned and enfeebled is now again in Davids heart by the Spirit of the living God impraegnated with new vigour and thencefrom with great earnestness pulsed forth to the Generations to come even to the end to sustain and support them and to quicken them all to their duty and to a longing expectation of the Glorious Kingdom of their Lord. But to return to the Heart with the Blood We must farther know for the explication of these symptomes that there are within the body of the heart two firmly distinct cavities a right and a left usually called Ventricles from which there arise and unto which there are annexed certain peculiar vessels conducing to the ends hereafter specified Out of the right ventricle of the heart proceed the great vein called Vena Cava which sends forth branches throughout the whole body and hath at its entrance into the heart certain portals from their form called valvulae tricuspides And also that Artery anciently called vena arteriosa inserted into the lungs unto whose original are annexed the portals resembling the Greek Sigma and are therefore called valvulae sigmoideae Out of the lest Ventricle proceed that vein anciently called arteria venosa inserted in like manner into the lungs and also the great Artery called Arteria aorta which dispenseth its branches throughout the whole Body both whose Cavities are defended with the like portals with the former It remains onely that we shew how the blood and life is actuated in these parts and howit passeth in and through them and in and through the whole habit of the Body which is by way of Rotation or running the round going out from the fountain and returning thither again The Sun ariseth and the Sun goeth down and hasteth to the place where he arose The Wind goeth toward the South and turneth about unto the North it whirleth about continually and the Wind returneth again according to its Circuits All the Rivers run into the Sea yet the Sea is not full unto the place from whence the Rivers come thither they return again Thus it pleaseth the King to express the Circulations of the greater World those of the lesser are no less remarkable The Blood wherein is the Life of Man passeth about the Body continually and returns according to its circuits the streames thereof run into the fountain which is never full unto the place from whence they come thither they return again which is by the Instruments before mentioned thus performed The Vena Cava containing much blood in its cavity neer the basis of the Heart on the right side doth gently pass it into the right Ventricle of the Heart which is dilated in its Diastole for its reception and immediately thereupon contracting its self in its Systole the three pointed Portals hindering the passage back again into the Cava it must necessarily thrust the blood through the open passage of the Vena Arteriosa where the sigmoidal Portals hindering its return it must pass through the Streiner of the Lungs and so be received into the branches of the Arteria Venosa and thereby brought into the left Ventricle of the Heart where again it is with violence pulsed forth into the Aorta the Portals here as before alwayes hindering its regress by the branches of which Artery it is carried to all the parts of the Body to enliven them which work being done what remaines is received into the Capillaries of the Veines in the several parts whence it passeth of its own accord naturally towards its Center from the lesser into the greater branches of the veines and consequently at last into the great Trunk of the Cava from whence it is recommitted into the right ventricle of the Heart to be chased the Foyl This is the true Doctrine of the excellency and motion of the blood and of the use of the Heart and the parts appertaining thereunto all which were perfectly known to Solomon as will abundantly appear anon in the explication of the symptomes we are now about Yet it pleased the Lord that this knowledge should with the possessor of it sink into dust and darkness where it lay buried for the space of 2500 years at the least till it was retreived thence from by the wisdome and industry of that incomparable and for ever to be renouned Dr. William Harvey the greatest honour of our Nation and of all Societies of which he was a Member who stands and ever will do with the highest note of Honour in the Calenders both of Physicians and Philosophers and it were but justice to put him with the same eminence into that of the Church since he hath Contributed more to the understanding of this and many other places of Scripture then all that ever undertook that Charge These things being throughly weighed and well understood the two symptomes which remain to be spoken to do open themselves into the same Doctrine without any more ado By the Pitcher therefore we must understand the true and proper conceptacle of the Blood namely the Veines which throughout the whole body serve only as a vessel to contain that noble Liquor and carry it back again to the Fountain The Original word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth sometime more generally any containing vessel and so is taken for the Widows
Perlegi hunc Librum qui Inscribitur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in quo nihil reperio Doctrinae Disciplinaeve Ecclesiae Anglicanae aut bonis moribus Contrarium Joh. Hall R. P. D. Episc Lond. a Sac. Domest Mar. 8. 1665. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 King SOLOMONS Portraiture OF Old Age. Wherein is contained A SACRED ANATOMY Both of Soul and Body AND A Perfect Account of the Infirmities of Age incident to them both And all those Mystical and Aenigmatical Symptomes expressed in the six former Verses of the 12th Chapter of Ecclesiastes are here Paraphrased upon and made plain and easie to a mean Capacity By John Smith M. D. E. Coll. Med. Lond. Cand. ET E. Coll. Aenea-nasensi Oxon. quondam Com. Nam pernicitas deserit Consitus sum Senectute onustum gero Corpus vires Reliquere ut aetas mala mala merx est ergo Plautus LONDON Printed by J. Hayes for S. Thomson at the Sign of the Bishops Head in St. Pauls Church-yard 1666. The Epistle to the Reader WHosoever thou art into whose hands this Paraphrase may fall know that the Author of it is not near enough any Nobleman to put it into his hands nor hath he face enough as is the mode of this daring Age to call at a distance but could he do both yet know also he would do neither for he desireth not that any thing either of others or his own should be patronized beyond its own native worth And is himself as willing as any touchy-headed Decryers of Anatomy and Anatomists of all Art and Artists that all the shame that is due to the ill managing of this good Subject should return upon his own paâ—e And such is his Allegiance to his King that if he can but keep off their foul fingers from Him to which they are apt enough he cares not how heavy they fall upon himself And on the other hand if there be any thing herein contained of true value it will but shine the brighter for the rubs and petulant endeavours of all Conductitious detractors who being thrust out of some mercenary Employments in a few months time by their mother wit which for want of good neighbours they greatly cry up themselves and instead of bad neighbours do closely insinuate as if all others wanted it can get knowledge enough in Physick to contemn and vilifie and in two words viz. Galenists and fools abundantly confute all those worthy Persons who from Childhood to Gray-hairs have been studying endeavouring and praying have been exercising both their minds and their bodies their heads their hearts and their hands that they may become expert Seconds unto Nature and meet Combatants for all those dreadful Enemies that the Sins of man have stirred up against the peace of his own body But beside this scum of ill conditioned Zoili there are others also nipling at the heel of learned Physicians Whose wounds though seemingly slightly inflicted yet are far worse than the former and that not only because they are persons of credit and knowledge but because they pretend Friendship and kiss while they do the mischief These are those whom Birth Education and Industry have so securely seated in honour that nothing can possibly disthrone them but that which cast the Angels from heaven and man out of Paradice that abominable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which for ever did and for ever will set God in a resistance and the best of their Friends cannot but in time mind them that those smart reflexions without cause both in private and publick not only upon particular persons but upon whole Societies of men half of whom they know not so much as by hear-say seem to have a tincture of that virulent poyson which as easily and as quickly proceeds out of knowledge as the Worm did out of Jonah Gourd and will if not speedily prevented soon wither into nothing all that content under which they have for a season gladly shadowed themselves And here I am afresh put in mind of the Story of Herod who persecuted the Worlds Worthies and because he saw it pleased the People he proceeded farther also And thus prosecuting his rage and ambition in royal Apparel and with Popular Oratory the Angel of the Lord smote him because he gave not God the glory and he was eaten of Worms That main and best end which secureth all men in their undertakings was it which first moved the Author hereof to study sacred Philosophy and to apply himself to the interpretation of such Scriptures as border upon that Faculty unto which he hath betook himself ever since he hath had the judgment of Election wherein he might be most serviceable in his Generation This was the good Seed but falling into a barren and ill manured soil hath for the present produced no better a blade than what you here see which however if it please the Lord to prosper may bring forth as useful fruit as those that seem more fair and flourishing Herein old men may see their own natural faces as in a Glass and young men may foresee what if they live will certainly betide them in their latter end Systemes and compleat Treatises though out of fashion and consequently neglected in this Mimical Age are of better use than fragments of Mechanism and Independent Pieces of Experimental Knowledge which by most men at present are had in greatest honour and reputation But in this respect of honour the ground-work of what is here discoursed upon far surpasseth them all the Author thereof being the wisest and the greatest Earthly Potentate throughout all Generations The Portraiture that is here drawn is done by the hands of no meaner a person than King Solomon and may justly be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that superabundant wisdom in natural things which it pleased God miraculously to enrich him withall beyond all that were before him or since to this very day being no where more Graphically delineated than in this description of Age whereby it plainly appears that Solomon was not like that forward Traveller who was well skilled in Forreign Countries and in the mean time knew little or nothing of his own native Land For as he very well knew all Vegetables from the Cedar in Lebanon to the Hyssop that springeth out of the wall and those Creatures also of aâ— higher rank namely all Beasts Fowls Creeping things and Fishes So neither was he ignorant at home but that wherein his greatest wisdom consisted was that he perfectly knew himself And that Intus in Cute both in respect of the inward and the outward man All the secret and mysterious powers of the mind were as naked and open before him as the visible parts of the Body are before a Vulgar Anatomist and his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in this Allegory contained doth more fully and satisfactorily declare and distinguish them than whatsoever hitherto hath been endeavoured to that purpose by the best of Moralists and as for the parts of the body those apposite
howsoever they may be numbred among the bones yet they have one or two especial properties which are competible to no other bones of the body at least in that measure whereby they are principally adapted for the grinding The first is they are naked they have no covering or skin upon them no not so much as that common Membrane called the Periostion which doth encompass all the bones of the body beside and that is because they might the better atting one anothers bodies and in their attrition one against another they might feel no pain but I must needs here take notice that the words of Job seem to be against me where he saith I have escaped with the skin of my teeth This is easily answered if we consider the two parts of the Teeth viz. the Basis and the Radix that is the part which eminently appears white above the Gums this is that part which is within the Gums and stands fixed in the Mandibles Now by Jobs skin or covering of his teeth it is apparent he meant the gums which cover the roots of the teeth his sores and his boyls were so great and terrible upon him from the sole of his foot to his Crown that there was no part of the skin of his body to be seen but only about his teeth which in all such Cutaneous diseases doth for the most part wholly escape The second is they have the vessels which convey life and sense unto them contained only in the inward parts that the outward parts may be freer and better to grind The third is that they are growing or encreasing so long as man lives so that what is worn away of them by their continual attrition and manducation is dayly repaired otherwise they would grow shorter and smoother and not be so able to perform their work and this is a wonderful piece of the wisdom of God in nature which Art cannot possibly reach unto and therefore because they cannot make their mills grow as they dayly decay by grinding they are fain to supply that want by often pecking their milstones and at length changing them and by those means as it were renew their teeth without which they were able to do nothing at all The last I shall mention is that the teeth of all the bones of the body are the hardest and will suffer the least from any other bodies whatsoever and therefore are the fitter for such a work as this A milstone is of all other stones supposed to be the hardest and therefore Job when he had expressed the hardness of the heart of the Leviathan by a stone as if he had not said enough he farther adds one degree more yea saith he As hard as a piece of the nether milstone These short observations may suffice to teach us in the general that the teeth also may be called the grinders If we yet more particularly consider them and how they may be divided we shall have a farther light into this matter The teeth are of three kinds either Incisores Canini or Molares The first are the broad fore-teeth the second are the next round teeth which are usually called the eye-teeth the last are the great double and hindermost teeth the first bite or cut the food the second break or bruise the food the last chew or grind the food And this distinction also may be found in Scripture the first are alluded to where it is said The Prophets bite with their teeth The second where it is said He hath the cheek teeth of a Lion And both these where it is said There is a generation whose teeth are as swords and their jaw teeth as knives The last is alluded to where it is said While the flesh was yet between their teeth ere it was chewed the wrath of the Lord was kindled against the people They had bit the flesh of the Quails and had passed it from the first teeth to the last which are the grinders and there it stuck till they died And thus at length we are fallen upon the true proper and strict instruments of grinding we have hitherto been shewing the whole frame of the mill and how several parts do wonderfully contribute towards this work and now we are come to those parts wherein the close pinch of grinding lieth and that is in the great broad and hindermost teeth which from the day of the writing of this Allegory to this present time have ever among Anatomists retained the name of grinders And that not without exceeding good reason for the form and figure of these above the rest doth abundantly shew that these are the fittest of them all for this work for these are bigger larger broader every way especially at the top where their form is much-what like to that of a mill where also they have eminent asperities protuberances exactly answerable to the roughness of the Milstones by which the grinding is far more easily and perfectly performed beside these are more firmly inclavated and infixed into the jaw bones by treble or quadruble roots whereas all the rest are but by single or double at the most and being more strongly rooted they are the fitter for more eminent services Lastly and chiefly the experience of every man doth sufficiently confirm that this is the proper use of these teeth and that the more solid food which needs greater manducation cannot be sufficiently comminuated for chyle or ground low enough for the stomack untill these teeth have done this work upon it And thus it is plain that the jaws and teeth and eminently these last mentioned are appositely and elegantly called the grinders which how much service they do to man while usable and how much detriment and loss they bring upon him when they cease from their use is well known to all men Strong meat belongeth to men of full age saith the Author to the Hebrews It belongs to them and only to them because they alone have as I may so say their mill in tune their mouth full of strong teeth and set directly one against another whereby they may bring the strongest meat into a meet consistence and a due preparation for easie digestion in the stomack But it may here be said there are many Creatures that are not thus strongly armed and have not so many teeth nor those they have so well set as your position supposeth they should be for the due preparation of the meat And these are the Sheep the Goat the Cow the Deer and all other Creatures that have teeth only on the lower Jaw and none at all on the upper These have no antagonist grinders nor contra-acting milstones and yet these Creatures in their full age eat as solid food and as hard of digestion and withall do as well with it as they that are better provided in this respect to this I must needs answer it is very true so that from hence we may take occasion to admire the wisdom of God
while it be kept close keeps the meat in the mouth till it be there sufficiently ground and afterward by the retraction of the Muscle of the throat which for this very reason is called Sphincter gulae it is committed into the throat which is the high way to the stomack but before it can come there it meets again with another door which is called the mouth or superior Orifice of the stomack which unless it be opened also it cannot pass And this any man may perceive in himself in a morning or after the mouth of the stomack hath been long and close shut if he hastily swallow down solid food before he drink it makes a stop there and stands knocking as it were with pain waiting for admittance The third door that the chyle meets withal is the passage out of the stomack into the guts and this is the inferiour Orifice of the stomack which is so wonderfully framed that it gives easie admittance for the chyle from the stomack to the guts but back again from them to this very difficult or none at all and it hath a power of dilating or contracting it self making way or stopping it according as the necessity of Nature requireth from whence it is by Anatomists called Pylorus which is a Greek word as most of the Anatomical terms are and is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 porta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 curam gero and is as much as Janitor the Porter or door-keeper and it doth faithfully according to the dictates of nature shut or open that passage unto which it appertains Besides these three there are many others which I shall only generally name The Capillaries of all the containing vessels in the body the feveral stops of all the Veins and Arteries which are called valvulae especially those eminent ones about the heart of which more hereafter the porosity of all the inward parts of the body the Valvula Coli the Annulus Fibrosus of the bladder of gall the several heads of the Ureters their wonderful insertion into the bladder these and whatsoever else in the body of man can by their constriction stop that which comes unto them and by their dilatation give it convenient passage are in this place called the doors of the streets The streets are those open waies and passages in the body of man which the matter of nourishment passeth along without let or molestation Thou shalt make thy self streets in Damascus saith Benhadad to Ahab that is thou shalt pass through Damascus at thy pleasure without interruption there shall alwaies be a broad and an open way Platea dicitur à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 latus and in this place is as much as Latitudo foranea patens aperta And of such there are divers found in our body The oesophagus or Gullet the six several intestines or guts as usually they are divided by Anatomists the milky vessels of one sort and of another all the Veins and Arteries the Nerves and Lymphaeducts the ductus Cholidochi Pancreaticus Salivalis the Vasa praeparantia deferentia tubuli lactiferi the Ureters and the Uretra in a word all the Communes ductus or open passages which are by nature appointed for the conveyance either of the Aliment or Excrements are the streets here intended forasmuch as they have reference to the grinding before mentioned and are the common roads or high waies to and from the places where the grinding is performed What remains now but only that I briefly name unto you those symptomes of age which are signified unto us by this clause The doors shall be shut in the streets What the doors are you have abundantly heard the shutting or them is nothing else but their ceasing from their use or their not being exercised to that end unto which by nature they are appointed when by reason of the extremity of age the voice of the grindings is very low then shall the doors all the doors both the doors the doors of both kinds the double doors shall be shut in the streets they shall all have lost their opening faculty so that they shall neither let in nor let pass nor let out what they ought to do as they formerly did so long as the strength of man remained and the voice of the grinding was high Occlusio labiorum contraum cibum obseratio pharyng is ulriusque orificii ventriculi deglutiendi difficultas impotentia reserandi in omnibus arteriarum venarum imo omnium internarum partium ostiis valvulis pororum constrictio dysuria stranguria iscuria alvi adstrictio sen potius pigra tardaque depositio These and the like symptomes that arise from the inability of those parts that have in themselves a power of opening and shutting for the benefit of the body are hereby indicated unto us And thus far of the natural faculty of man both in reference to the preservation of the Individual and the propagation of the Species from which short observations they that are better skilled in the hidden mystery of the frame of mans body and know all the wonderful alterations that are therin made may easily attain the knowledge of the full scope and intention of the Wise-man in this place He shall rise up at the voice of the bird This expression being in it self easier than the rest and having been well understood by most that have considered this Allegory I shall not much insist upon it I shall only tell you that it is to be understood of those infirmities of age whereby men are altogether unable to take that content and quietness that sleep and nocturnal repose which formerly they had used to be refreshed with there are that earnestly contend to have the latter part translated Ad vocem passeris others would have it Ad gallicantum others are content with Advocein volueris For my own part I think it not worth the dispute what this bird is in particular The generall word pleaseth me best and the Original word Omnem significat avem mane surgentem ad gurriendum For the Radix is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and hath two eminent significations one is Alas habere sive evolare and the other Maturare sive mane surgere and that which else where is translated the early morning is from the same root with this word in the Text so that if we say the early bird or the bird that is warbling its accustomed note betime in the morning without descending to particulars we shall take in the whole latitude of the signification of the word and the full scope of this part of the description of age which is nothing else but to shew how restless and wakeful men are in their old age so that that which is said of the abundance of the rich man may as truly be said of the infirmity of the old man it will not suffer him to sleep In the night time possibly he may have some unquiet drowsings but when the morning approacheth that
and â—eaviness of the spirits and the impotency of the members renders a man most obnoxious unto fear the spirits being of a strong quick and subtile motien are the principal instruments of inâ—er course between the soul and the body and do consequently bring in the greatest aid and assistance against this passion but in age they are benummed as it were and congealed so that they cease much what from their operation and motion and can administer little or no courage at all Nor is it thus onely with the Spirits but the Organical parts also of the Body are in this state made unfit for their Functions and altogether unserviceable to resist the very appearance of danger and stand as I may so say ready prepared for the entertainment of fear The great consequences whereof such as whiteness and stiffness of the hair trembling of the joynts and heart impotency of speech failing of the eyes and astonishment paleness of the face horrour gnashing of the Teeth involuntary Emission of Excrements are very easily produced in this condition nay they are most of them already there to be found without an object to effect them therefore no wonder if those things which are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the strong Man prove 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the decrâ—pit These things were known to be true without an Instance yet I cannot but take notice of Jacob who while young and strong did exceed most Men we read of for Courage and Boldness with what audacity did he manage the two great Enterprizes of obtaining both the Birth-right and the Blessing and that while he was yet very young with what Courage did he undertake and go through with a long and lonesome journey and hard and a deceitful Service but when he was old he was of a more timorous spirit it was fear let fall that passage If I am bereaved I am bereaved Such newes as one would have thought would have refreshed his heart when he was old overcame it for when it was said Joseph is yet alive and he is Governour over all the Land of Aegypt Jacobs heart fainted Fear was a passion so ready at the door that it stept in first and had almost over-born him and left no place for joy to enter in God Eli when he was very old was very fearful he timorously reproves the outragious wickedness of his lewd Sons and after this black and dreadful enemy had once taken possession of him it followed him continually and dogg'd him till he died When the Israelites and Philistines were about to joyn Battel he sate in a fearful posture and it is said his bea rt trembled and when the issue was told him he fell from off his seat backward and his Neck brake that he died and the reason is added for he was an old Man and heavy I will not here be so bold as those that say building their opinion upon the original word his falling down backward and dying was from a voluntary Principle but I dare say it was from an inward one his Age had so enfeebled him that he was not able to bear the newes of a defeat especially such an one wherein the Ark of God was taken but his darksome inward foe taking advantage hereupon strikes him surely under the fifth rib that he died The Objects of old Mens fears are here presented unto us under a double notion First those things which are high Excelsa timebunt aut de excelso They shall be afraid of that which is high Secondly those things which are lower more plain and obvious even in the way Consternati in via vel formidabunt in viis Fears shall be in the may Consternation and Fearfulness do not surprize Men and overthrow them all at once Nemo repente â—it timidissimus but they come on by degrees and first those things that have more of dread in them become the objects of their fear High things high either in respect of place as steep and emineut Wayes Hills and Mountains Steeples and Towers which formerly they could without fear ascend and walk upon or high in respect of the Air as Fiery Meteors Strange Apparitions Thunder and Lightning and such like or high in respect of abstrusness or mysteriousness as the deep and subtile points in Divinity about the Escence of God and the duration of Eternity about the Immortality of the Soul and changes of the Body and many other things which while young they could better have born the Discourse of or high in respect of Hardship or Difficult those great Enterprises and hazardous Undertakings which while strong they durst with boldness have ventered on do now become a terror to them even in the thought of them but as Age comes on and their feares increase upon them not onely those things which are high but even plain and easie things becom the objects of their fear Pavores in via Mole-hills are now as dreadful as Mountains were before every thing that is near them and about them every thing that is plain and obvious every matter that is facile and easily attainable bears it self with terror towards them they are afraid of every thing they are doing they walk in fear sometime least peradventure they should dash their foot against a Stone sometime least that other People heedlessly passing by should rush upon them and injure them being conscious to themselves of their own impotency it makes them most obnoxious to this terrible passion which is the great change that is made upon the Mind in the time of Age. The Almond Tree shall flourish The Symptome last treated of was in reference to the great change that is made upon the Mind of Man those which follow have reference to the Body And that we may accurately observe the Wise Mans Method we must premise one common distinction of the parts of the body for we must know that these are not independent sayings cast forth at a venture but a most exact and methodical Treatise of the symptomes of Age as it influenceth and altereth all the parts of a Man Now the parts of the Body as the word is taken in the largest signification are either Animate or Inanimate either such as participate of the life of the whole and are nourished by the intra-susception of enlivened aliment or such as have no life at all from the Body or in themselves and are nourished only by the juxta-position of an excrement Of the first of these there are very many in the Body of Man which are treated of in the following words of the latter of these there are very few as the nails and the Hair and of these the hair receiveth the most notorious alteration in Age which is here signifyed unto us by these words The Almond Tree shall flourish The word which is here translated an Almond Tree is from the original word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 advigilavit to watch or wake as it is used in that place The