Membrane Their Substances differ not only among themselves by way of Connexion as they are Conglobated and Conglomerated but also in the peculiar Vessels for the Conglobated are given to the Lymphatick Vessels which towards and at the Common Ductus Thoracicus or the Superior Folding thereof especially Conspicuous in Dogs drive out a Liquor prepared in themselves or received from another But the Conglomerated dispose their Liquour into peculiar Cavities as the Salivales into the Mouth the Pancreas into the Duodenum and so of others That the Motion of the Lympha is such as we have even now asserted and not from the Centre to the Circumference is proved by the Values in the Lymphatick Vessels every-where existing as may be seen in a little Treatise concerning the Values of the Lymphatick Vessels by the most Famous and our entire Friend Dr. Raysch Anatomyst of Amsterdam Printed Anno 1665. by whose Indefatigable Dilligence at the same time was discovered that Vessel which he calleth the Bronchial Artery by reason that it accompanyeth the Widenings of the Branches of the sharp Artery through the whole Substance of the Lungs as may be seen by the Figure thereof inserted into his little Book aforementioned and worthily Communicated to us Seeing that the Duct's and also the Substances of the Glandules are diverse it is worthy our enquiry Whether the Humour observed in all the Glandules be of the same or a different Quality But we shall answer That the same or like Humour is separated in all the Glandules of a diverse Species for one Liquor is deposed in the Conglobated and another in the Conglomerated For that which is separated in the Conglobated is all of the same Nature which is proved not only by the Substance of the same Glandules every where Consimilar but also by the wayes by which they are all distburdened for as much as further appears to us ending in the Ductus Thoracicus Moreover it is further Demonstrable by the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules ordinarily found more Saltish and less Acid in them than in the Conglomerated Glandules of the Pancreas nevertheless more of Acidity and Salsitude than that of the Conglomerated Salivales From whence it is manifest that a Liquor is separated from the Conglomerated Glandules of the Salivales and Pancreas not alike in all its Qualities as we have asserted even now to be done in the Conglobated in which matter that we might be more certain at the same time and to the same Animal we applyed the Instrument depicted Tab. II. Fig. II. both to the Ductus Pancreaticus and to the upper Salivary Duct as is exhibited Tab. III. Fig. II. But we found a notable diversity of the aforesaid Liquors For the Salival is either Temperate or Insipid but the Succus Pancreaticus is acidly Salt or such like for the most part as we have described it in the former Chapter Seeing there is a diverse Juice of diverse Glandules it deserves our enquiry What use every one may have and whether it be prositable or unnecessary That is Whether it bringeth any Commodity to the Body Or Whether it be such as is in no wise Subservient to the Oeconomy of the Humane Fabrick It will not be hard to satisfie this difficulty especially if we make a more exact Scrutiny into the Motion of those Liquors for seeing that all the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules is inserted into the Ductus Thoracicus and there permixed with the Chyle the chief part of Aliments and with the same may proceed and be purged into the Jugular Veine or left Subclavian Vessel from whence being confused with the descending Blood necessarily passeth through the right Ear of the Heart into its right Ventricle We do not see by what name it may be called Excrementitious and unprofitable because the Excrementitious Humours are separated from the Blood so that according to the Order of Nature they may not any more be commixed therewith but are wholly separated from the Body which is clearly seen in the Urine the which being separated from the masse of Blood in the Reines and thence deduced through the Ureters into the Bladder from whence after some stay according to the Dictate of the Will by the Urinary passage it is excluded from the Body so that it can never again return So the Juice of the Conglomerated Glandules is effused through particular Ducts into divers Cavities of the Body where it may be mingled with other Humours necessary for Nourishment and is least of all to be esteemed for Excrementitious or Unprofitable Which that it may likewise be made known in like manner as we have prosecuted the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules so also we shall follow that of the Conglomerated flowing from the Salivales and the Pancreas The Spittle is separated from the Blood in the Maxillary Glandules as well the Superiour as the Inferiour and is carryed by the said Salival Ducts into the Cavity of the Mouth where it may be mixed with the assumed Aliment or out of the time of the Aliments Assumption is continually swallowed the which we never better consider than whilst we hold somthing in our Mouth the which because of the cleanness of the place in which we are we will not spit out neither dare we swallow it down for the Mouth is very quickly fill'd with Spittle Therefore the Spittle although without our knowledge is continually swallowed and mingled and confused in the stomack with the Aliment which truly would be very indecent if the same were unprofitable and excrementitious The Pancreatick Juice is eâ—â—used in the glandules of the pancreas after the same manner as the Spittle in the salivales being continually separated in a Man about the breadth of four fingers under the Pylorus into the intestinum duodenum and there is mixed with the Aliments already passed the fermentation of the stomack and with the same is driven downwards by the peristaltick motion of the Gutts in which propulsion the greatest part thereof together with the more pure and liquid part of the Aliment is carried to the venae Lacteae and thence to the Cistern from thence it penetrates through the Ductus Thoracicus to the subclavian Vein and so forward to the right Ventricle of the Heart which indeed would happen against reason if the said humours were Excrementitious and unprofitable to the oeconomy of the body of Man To this Opinion besides Sylvius agrees Godofridus Moebius who in his Physiological foundations of Medicine c. 12. concerning the use of the Intestines thus speaketh But this Juice namely the Pancreatick seeing that it may be admixed with the Chyle together with the Bile in the Duodenum without all doubt it further helps and promotes its Fermentation For if the pure purged Excrement should be of no use Nature would have derived that Channel to the lower Intestines wherein hard and unprofitable Excrements are lodged not to the Superiour where the Chyle begun in the Stomach ought to be perfected
he declares that Aqua Mulsa or Hydromel or if to cleanse more powerfully with the Decoction or bitter Juice before-mentioned of Worm-Wood Centaury or Lupines that may be effected adding Honey or Gall which above all other things as hath been often said doth make those things which are Viscous Fluid c. But the Succus Pancreaticus being pregnant with a Subacid Spirit as appeareth by the Precedent Reasons and Experiments doth in like manner augment the Viscidity of the Aliments by the Solution of their Fluidity the which being so as it is more than sufficiently known we will not delay time by further proofs concerning the Manner wherby Acids in the thin Gut do return to a Liquid and Fluxile Motion or other-wise to an Ineâ—t and Pituitous Viscidity we shall only say that in our Judgement it so happeneth for as much as by the Tenuity and Sharpness of the Parts stirred up by the Effervescency the Phlegme is thereby as with Swords incided and attenuated into very Minute Parts That which attaineth a Whitish Colour then observable in the more Fluid part of the Aliments we think it deducible from the Acidity of the Pancreatick Juice because we may note that many other things abounding with a Lixivious Salt and Oyle do wax White upon the affusion of Acids So that Vinegar or Sharp Wine being poured upon common Sulpher dissolved with any Lixivium and grown Red that Reddish Colour is so changed that it is made almost like to Milk Wherefore also it is called by the Chymists Lac Sulphuris The same is apparent in the Resinious Extracts of Vegitables as also in Spirit of Hart's Horne or Soot being Replete with much Volatile Salt with which an Acid Spirit being mixed acquires a Milky Colour All those things being rightly considered we judge Secondly That the Effervescency in the thin Gut is exceeding necessary for the right Separation of the profitable Parts from the unprofitable But perhaps some who are altogether wedded to Antiquity admitting nothing which to them is Novel because they have read or understood nothing in the Antients concerning this our expected Secretion by Fermentation will not think that such a preparation is required to separate the profitable parts of the Aliment from the unprofitable but that the alteration which is performed in the Stomach is sufficient to this purpose in which if any thing be wanting it may be Consummated by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts by the help whereof it s more Fluid parts are thrust forward into the Milky Veines the Foeces with the remaining thicker and lesser profitable parts passing away by the Channel of the Intestines To the which we deny not but that something is contributed to this matter both by the said Fermentation and the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts nevertheless we do not think that any Physitian unless a Slave to the Antients amongst all those things which are daily observed in the dissecting of Brute Animals and Medical Practiss or at least-wise may be observed will reject this cause proposed by us If first of all he diligently consider that in the Coeliack Flux the Aliments sometimes viscid like a Pultiss and every where alike and sometimes mixed with a whitish Liquor are purged out But this Diversity of Colour happens by a Contingent or Non-contingent Secretion of profitable parts from the unprofitable by the said Effervescency which who can but in vain Attribute to expression alone Yet we deny not that by the Fermentation of Aliments alone rightly performed in the Ventricle something Fluid may Spontaneously pass away from the rest of the Aliments more Pultatious nevertheless that is but little if it be compared with the large quantity of noble Chyle which is continually strained through the Venae-lacteae or also from thence swimming up in the Caeliack Flux so that then the more watery part of the Chyle freely going forth by the Compression of the Bowels alone is more without Effervescency than the other which is more white or as we may say more Milky In that Spontaneous Separation of the parts wont to happen through Fermentation the Spirituous indeed first go forth with the Watery necessary for the Reparation of the Animal spirits We have an example in the Fermentation of Plants other things abounding with a Volatile Spirit in which the Spirituous Particles alwayes expanded and endeavouring to flee through the Pores of the Stomach and Guts being loosed from their Fetters rush through the Pores From whence we are fully perswaded that after the Assumption of the most Spirituous Aliments a suddain strength is found in men and although it be Inconspicuous to our Bodily Eyes that the Spirits by the same reason are diffused through the Pores of the Body nevertheless after a manner we understand it with the Eyes of our Mind whilst we see a Stupendious Vertue in some Medicaments externally applyed The same thing is often observed by Anatomists when after the Incision of the Peritonaeum they receive the Foetid Flatulencies passing through the Tunicles of the Guts to the Nostrils But because the Spirituous and Volatile parts are not sufficient to sustain Life but Moreover Acid Oleous and Salt parts are also required therefore there is need of a new Alteration of things assumed that those parts by a decent Copiousness might be separated from the Superfluous and Unprofitable Which alteration we call Effervescency and by help of which we judge with our sometimes Famous Professor Francis de le Boe-Sylvius from whose Lectures as well publick as private we do not deny to have drawn many Fundamentals of this Doctrine that Secretion to be accomplished We do not only judge by that Effervescency mediateing the more Subtile and Fluid parts of Aliments but also the Pituity by the help thereof dissolved in the thin Gut part of which is carryed together with the better Portion of the Bile and Succus Pancreaticus through the Vermiculous crust of the Intestines into the Milky Veines from hence to the Cisterne or Common Receptacle of the Chyle and Lympha placed in the Region of the Loynes under the Appendices of the Diaphragma and from thence ascends through the Chyliferus or more rightly the Lymphatick Ductus Thoracicus because it continually carryeth the Lympha and the Chyle only by Intervals to the Subclavian or left Jugular Veine that from thence it may descend with the Blood through the Superiour Trunck of the Vena Cava descending into the right Eare of the Heart and the right Ventricle thereof And in the right Ear and right Ventricle of the Heart it is confused both with the ascending and descending Blood and also impregnated with the Pancreatick Juice the Bile Phlegme and Lympha from whence it acquires a requisite Consistency of Blood This confirms what we have said That any thing acid Coagulates all Fatness and Oyle But because on the other side the aforesaid humours have in themselves a force of attempering we need not fear too great a Consistency of the Blood
they call Stuypiens doth proceed from the said more Acid Pancreatick Juyce who hath accurately attended to those Invasions and the Symptomes accompanying them and the way of Cure For besides that Acidity which doth very often breath through the Mouth they suffer the Gripings of the Belly the Milk may likewise be perceived to be concreted both upwards and downwards the Excrements of the belly are more Green and give forth a sharp Odour they are also cured by the tempering of Acidity as for Example with Aqua Feniculi Aqua Lilliorū Conuallium Spir. Salis Armoniaci c. The same more Acid Pancratick Juyce carryed to the blood through the Lactean Veines will give it a greater Consistency whence the Blood less Rarifying will produce a lesser Pulse From which Vice highly exceeding we judge a Syncope sometimes to be produced which is not a little confirmed by that Example which Lazarus Riverius relates in Lib. VIII Fol. 358. of his Practice concerning that Syncope which P. Salius as he reports Lib. De Afect Practic Cap. IV. observed in a Girle of 14 Years of Age Who after a dayes suffering of Heaviness of the Head Vertigo and grievous Anxieties the day following suddainly dyed Afterwards her Body being diffected the whole blood in the great Artery and the Vena Cava appeared to be Concreted and so changed that it might intirely be drawn out from the Vein and Artery even as a Sword out of its Scabbard Concerning which thing if any doubt either by ours or others Examples let him take an acid Liquor and pour it by degrees into the Vein of any Living Dog and he shall not only observe the Blood therein to be so Coagulated and Concreted that the greater bloody Vessels may be transversly cut without the Effusion of the blood but also when the acid Liquor shall come in a notable Quantity to the right Ventricle of the Heart that it will presently extinguish and kill the Dog Also no man will deny that Convulsions for the most part proceed from an Internal Cause from the Acrimony of Humours irritating the Nerves and causing by a greater Influx of the animal Spirits into the Muscles Involuntary and also Violent Motions But when there is a two fold Acrimony of Humours viz. Acid and Salt some perhaps may doubt which of these do most frequently produce those Convulsive Motions But for as much as we can observe they rather proceed from an acid Acrimony than a Salt because we see that Aromatick Medicaments and those abounding with a Volatile Salt do very much conduce to their Cure which would never come to pass if they drew their Original from a Saline Acrimony Besides they are accompanyed with such Symptomes which are wont to be the Concomitants of Diseases arising from an acid Acrimony Yea the Effects of Acids are allowed to be far more powerful as is to be seen in Helmont De Lithiasi Cap. 9. Pag. 725. § 71. where he relates that he saw a Chymist which after he had been much Conversant about making of Aqua Regia he fell into the Palpitation of the Heart Convulsions and many other Incredible Dolours by reason of the acid Exhalations which mingled themselves with his Blood From the same Acidity we stedfastly believe That the Strangury is very often produced seeing that together with other Students we have sometimes found the Urines of such as have laboured under the Strangury in the Hospital of Leyden to be Acid and also seen the same Persons cured with such Medicines as temper Acidity The which if you are minded to try saith Helmont De Pleura Furente § 14. Whether or no the Strangury may not proceed from Acidity mix some Drops at least of sharp Wine with the Vrine lately sent forth without pain and inject it again by a Syringe and you shall find to your Pain that what I say is true Also that from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce Ulcers do sometimes break forth in the Skin corroding the same as also producing very great paines they will not deny who following the Opinions of the Antients determine them to arise from the Atra-Bilis seeing that the Atra-Bilis of the Antients as we have above Demonstrated hath its Original from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce We are like-wise plainly perswaded that the more acid Pancreatick Juyce especially if it hath any Austerity conjoyned with it produceth a greater astringency of the Belly For if the Bile by its Acrimony irritating the Guts as is granted may excite the Flux of the Belly why may not that which is contrary to such a Bile produce a contrary Effect Notwithstanding if the belly be bound by a Viscid Matter then we think likewise that a Flux may happen from the sharper Pancreatick Juyce as it hath a power of inciding and attenuating the Viscid Pituity From which it is manifest that the Pancreatick Juyce according to the Diversity of Humours concurring with it doth very often produce a diverse and contrary Effect which thing we would have well noted lest we should seem to contradict our self in explicating the Effects of this juyce As yet we think even as we seem to have already said that the Atra and Eruginous Bile is excited from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce and a certain sharp Bile concurring and consequently all Diseases which Authors deduce from them and therefore they are not cured by other Medicaments than those which are fit to correct the more acid Pancreatick Juyce Which as it is Consonant with Reason so it will not appear Incredible to those who will consider the things above spoken by us with a more attentive Mind But perhaps some will say after what manner doth the Pancreatick Juyce produce the Atra-Bilis seeing that we have ascribed the Whitishness of the Chyle after the Effervescency in the thin Gut to the acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce To which we answer That Acids according to the Diversity of the matter where-with they are mixed do also produce a divers Colour for example pour an acid Spirit to common Sulphur dissolved in a Lixivium and its red Colour will be changed into white Antimony Calcind with Nitre or Chalk being boyl'd in Fountain-Water and any acid thing being affused to its clear Colature will presently acquire a Saffron Colour A clear Infusion of Galls mixed with the Solution of Vitriol maketh Ink to which if you add the acid Spirit of Vitriol that Ink will lose all its blackness and become clear like to Fountain-Water The Blew Tincture of Violets being mixed with Oyle of Vitriol will wax into a Purple The Wood Acanthus brought from Brasile being infused in Common Water doth freely yeild a red Tincture which put to Distilled Vinegar acquires a Colour like to White-Wine A Knife after it hath cut a Pomecitron in the Middle unless it be wiped and cleansed from the Soure Juyce of the Citron in a short time will be reduced to a nigrous Colour And why from the same acidity too much exalted
Seeing than that by Reasons and Experiments already sufficiently inferd it is manifest That the Humours as well of the Conglobated as the Conglomerated Glandules are not Excrementitious We think fit before we proceed any further to propose their Way or Mode of Generation It hath been in times past believed by the Antients to say nothing concerning Faulties and other their Figments that the Glandules did imbile Superfluous Humidities like unto Sponges But to the Neotericks it seemed after a more attentive Examination of their Structure that this Simillitude was greatly wide of the Truth by reason the Glandules are not every where open to the Pores but are sufficiently cloathed on all sides with a strong Membrane therefore they think that nothing entreth into the Glandules unless it be thither propelled by the Arteries and Nerves But the Arteries carry the Humours of every kind to the Glandules under the Colour of Blood every of which by reason of a certain Disposition of the Pores even as Seives do admit such Particles of the Humours which in respect of their Magnitude and Figure have the greatest Analogy with the little Pores in the mean while excluding others which have with them a lesser Simillitude which therefore by the name of Blood are constrained to return to the Heart from whence being more exalted in their passage they are presently driven indiscriminately by the Pulsifick force thereof to the Glandules and other parts of the Body but notwithstanding the Particles fitted to the Generation of the Pancreatick Juice are no where more easily separated than in the Pancreas no where more serous than in the Reins no where more commodiously Bilious than in the Liver so of the rest Because there are some parts of the Body which do more commodiously receive this or that Humour into the Pores than others Nature hath therefore invented a singular Artifice whereby it doth so happily absolve so diverse a work in diverse parts of Animals which they do less admire who diligently consider with themselves that the like thing doth necessarily happen in Plants For we see various Plants posited in the same Sand each to admit a peculiar Juice which nevertheless is so Homo-geneous that it may contain in it self diverse Particles as we see in Trees whereon by the Industry of Gardeners divers Fruits do grow whereas also divers Branches or Twigs are grafted into the same Stock which by reason of the different Constitution of their Pores they admit this and not that part of the Liquor or Sap others being excluded which have a lesser Affinity with their Pores The which things being equally granted we may inferre that the matter fitted to the generation of the Pancreatick Juice is separated from the Blood by a certain disposition of the Pancreas yet not so exactly but that it may bring divers other Particles with it as occular Inspection doth ascertain us to happen in the Reins in which indeed primarily the more Serous Particles of the blood after the manner of Transcolation are separated from its intire Masse yet nevertheless we note those many Saline Bilious and other Humours which are as it were snatcht away therewith by reason of them or those Particles largely abounding in the Body in like manner as Chymistry doth Demonstrate all these things to our Eyes as clear as the Meridian Light The Animal Spirits joyne themselves to the Succus Pancreaticus by a continual Circulation continually separated from the Blood with which being joyn'd together by an Amicable Connexion they run into the Intestinum Duodenum From whence it is Conspicuous that our Pancreatick Juice is not simple but compounded of divers this especially Acid Aqueous Saline and other Particles therein found adjoyned to the Animal Spirits by whose Volatile Sweetnesse the force of Acids is restrained whence it happens that the Pancreatick Juice is Naturally Acidly-Temperate Some may say after what manner may the Pancreatick Juice be Acidly Temperate seeing that in the Precedent Chapter we have said that it is very often Acidly-salt and naturally may be said to be such as alwayes or for the most part it happeneth to be But we shall Answer That perhaps it so happeneth in Dogs onely because they ought to digest Bones and other things of a harder Concoction but in Men we judge there is no such Salsitude existant or required Because in Men that which is Vomited is either Insipid or Bitter or Acid very rarely and perhaps never Acidly Salt the which undoubtedly would happen if their Pancreatick Juice were Naturally such But being granted that in men likewise as in Dogs it may naturally be Acidly Salt Whether then will our Hypothesis run Nowhither Because a Salsitude joyned to it as hereafter shall be declared doth no way impede its primary Operation CHAP. V. The Liquor of the Glandules in the Body it demonstrated to be necessary and that the Pancreatick Juyce doth effervesse with the Bile ALL these things premised deservedly who can ask what the Juyce of the Glandules may perform in the bodies of Animals To whom we shall answer that the juyce of all the Conglobated is subservient to Sanguification but the liquor of the Conglomerated is ordained to other uses For that which is generated in the Maxillary Glandules and other of the Conglomerated placed about the cavity of the mouth for the most part absolveth the Fermentation of Aliments in the Stomach And that liquor which is generated or separated in the Conglomerated Glandules of the Pancreas seems to us to perform far more Seeing that Nature for the most part so wisely disposeth matters that one and the same thing may be accommodated to many But seeing the use thereof is not yet sufficiently known we shall examine what is first effused from it into the thin Intertine and also happeneth in the same There is a sufficiently large quantity of this Pancreatick juice continually brought to the thin Gut we remember there hath been collected from one Dog in the space of seven or eight hours two Drachms half an Ounce and from a Mastive an intire Ounce that it may be continually lifted up and fermented with the Bile flowing from the ducts of the Liver to a double or tripple quantity for as much as we could observe by the benefit of an instrument applied to their passage into the intestine in Doggs being therein carried with a certain strugling motion That this Effervescency is excited from the acidity of the Pancreatick Juice and the concourse of the Bile abounding with a fixed and volatile salt we dare the more freely assert because hitherto we have seen no example of an acid spirit concurring with a lixiviate salt to happen without an effeverscency sufficiently manifest so that all impediments were taken away That both salts are found in the Bile Chymistry that most excellent and famous Medical instrument of truth doth prove by the benefit of which we can separate a volatile salt effervescing with an acid spirit and lixivious
in Ulcers the Cyrurgions Probe may not be stained with a certain Blackness as we have very often observed and such Ulcers be happily cured by Temperating of the acidity as Helmont admonisheth De Blase humano § 53. we leave to the judgment of others It may here suffice for us to have proved that from one and the same acid permixed with diverse things one while a White another a Black another a Yellow another a Purple and so moreover other Colours may arise He which desireth to excite many Colours in the Solution of Minerals and Vegitables endued with no Colour let him go to that most curious Treatise which D. Willis hath written concerning Fermentation where pag. 88. Edit Ang. he may find very many Mutations of Colours not unprofitable and being about to assigne the Reason thereof he saith in the following page If the reason of this Phaeno-mena be enquired it ought altogether to be deduced from those minute particles within the pores of every contained Liquor which according to the scituation and position being after a divers manner altered by the Infusion of another Liquor do diversly transmit the beams of the light and manifoldly break or reflect it and so cause the divers appearances of Colours c. Having now unfolded the Diseases risen from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce we seem in our selves to hear some in short to ask the Question from whence the acid Humour in the body may proceed if we do not use any acid things To which we answer that we can in no wise want those things which abound with an acidity For there is an acidity in the air which appeareth if the Caput Mortuum of Vitriol be exposed to the air which from the same eliciteth a new acidity Also that the air is full of Nitrous particles Gassendus Entius Digbaeus and others which professedly or otherwise ingeniously treat of this Matter have proved But no man is ignorant that Nitre containeth in it self an acidity There is also an acidity inherent in Aliments For in Kitchings if flesh or other Aliments begin to corrupt their Broth doth wax sower yea we have collected an acid Spirit in quantity sufficiently large from the sweetest of Condiments to wit Sugar by chymical Art There is also an acidity inherent in Drink for Beer or Ale as also Wine being left to themselves without the addition of any other thing do wax Soure From whence it is no wonder as Hippocrates witnesseth Lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 24 that there should be an Acidity in Men. But it being granted that there is an acid Humour in our Bodies some one more desirous of Truth may ask How it comes to pass that it doth not only corrode the parts of our Bodies but also Copper and Tinn as we have shewed above To this we shall also answer That the Fermentations continually happening in our Bodies is sufficicient for this thing For we daily see that by their help many things are very sharp which before were sweet or at least Temperate VVhether now this may happen by the Dissipation of the animal Spirits or by reason of any other inward Cause we leave to the Judgment of others Likewise Experience testifies that Men feeding upon a cold Diet do sometimes for the same Reason and Cause fall into burning Feavers We have also deservedly ascribed the Uterine Suffocation or Mother-fits so called to the Pancreatick juyce divers ways vitiated but especially the Austere The following Observation seems to give us no small light into the Truth of this Matter which our Friend Elsnerus in the Year 1667. sent to us from Paris to Andegave We opened saith he a Maid extinguished by the Suffocation of the Womb in whose dead body we found nothing at all to which death might be ascribed but the blood coagulated in the Ventricles of the Heart beyond the order of Nature Which too much coagulation of the blood may not be deduced from any other cause than from an acid Juyce as we have sufficiently proved But the reason why we judge that this Effect is not produced by the Pancreatick Juyce being simply acid is that all women which have a sharp Pancreatick Juyce are not affected with that Disease And therefore we do the more easily believe that there is an austerity or harsh Sowerness present with it because we have known almost the like Disease excited from the Pancreatick Juyce being austere in a certain Bitch as also in a Famous Man the truth of which the following Testimony freely exhibiteth to us done in the Year 1663. as it was communicated to me by the most expert Dr. Sylvius I tested the Pancreatick Juyce and found it first as it were Saltish but afterward the Relish being some-what changed it seemed then to be Sub-acid with a light Austerity There was such a Stink produced in my Mouth that two of my Acquaintance which were with us admonished me concerning it The Stink was like to that which riseth from Muddy and strinking Water My Mouth and Jaws were not only exsiccated or dried but also so constringed that I seemed to be suffoccated which like thing I suffer by a Disease familiar to me And all these things vanished not suddainly but remained and endured for a while till they left me by Degrees and of their own Accord The Bitch's Juyce was brought to the Famous Dr. Sylvius and exhibited to his Tast in our presence From this and the like Observations it seemeth not absurd to assert That Men may some-time be affected with a like Hysterick Suffocation especially when its nearest Cause happens not from the VVomb but from the small Gut in which by reason of the Vitious Effervescency of concurring Humours excited Exhalations and austere Flatulencies are stirred up which as often as they arise through the Oesephagus or Gullet and come to the Arteria-Asperia or Wind-Pipe they so constringe those parts that the Sick think themselves to be in the peril of Strangulation or Choaking That divers Species of the Hypocondriack Affection may be produced by the said Pancreatick juyce divers ways vitiated the Books of Practical Physitians do testifie and the symptoms confirme But that we stay no longer upon the more acid and austere Pancreatick juyce and the effects from them arising we think fit to deduce at least one effect from the said juyce more Salt imagine a serous Diarrhaea which by its saline Acrimony produceth a more violent and more frequent peristaltick Motion of the Gutts These things being rightly considered we doubt not but that by a diligent tract of time by the Observation of those who happen to be conversant about the Sick many effects will be made more manifest And if there be more of Art in knowing than in curing Diseases who sees not that this Pancreatick juyce being altogether known the cure of many Diseases may be performed more easily more speedily and more profitably First of all in this Treatise we have described the Diseases taking their Original from a
For very many Diseases do every day occur in our Practice wherein that Feaver either proceedeth is concomitant or doth follow So that sometimes it requireth an intire Method of Curation for it self Which seeing it is so we think our Cogitations and Experiments not to be ingrateful to the Curious Searchers of Nature especially if we hold their minds not long in suspence by rehearsing the Sentenses and Opinions of many Authors as they ordinarily have done who have gone before us in the same kind of Study or retain those things by shewing an intire Series of Questions relating more to Curiosity than to the necessity of the thing to be known but we shall presently expound in a few words as much as is possible those things which we judge concerning this matter Seeing that Aristotle hath rightly said Lib. 2. Physic Cap. 13. That there can be a sure Knowledge of nothing the Cause or Original whereof is not known We contrary to the Common Order shall endeavour to pursue the Nature of Intermitting Feavers by searching out their Signes and Causes Seeing that all Physitians which have hither-to written of Intermitting Feavers cry out that their Pathognomick Signe is a more Frequent and Preternatural Pulse to know the Nature altogether of Intermitting Feavers by searching into the Causes of the Pulse we judge with the never sufficiently praised Fran. de le Boe-Sylvius that the Cause of a more Preternatural Pulse is either first the too much and Permanent Rare-faction of the Blood arising from a more Potent Fire breaking forth from the Effervescency of both Bloods Or Secondly because of any sharpness being at one time Acid at another Lixivious another while brinishly Salt driven through the Veines with the Blood to the Heart and Internally gnawing the Parenchyma of the Heart Or Thirdly something halituously Flatulent and like-wise carried with the Blood to the Heart or excited by the Effervescency in the Heart and increasing the Explication of the Ventricles of the Heart Or Fourthly something sharp or hard either in the Peri-cardium or else-where existing and externally gnawing or pricking the Heart These few things being premised there is none but may see that the cause of continuall Feavers is continually carryed to the Heart but the cause of Intermittents by Intervals It is not our purpose here to speak of Continual Feavers those that are desirous of searching out and knowing of the Nature of those we recommend them to the Practice of Dr. Sylvius where amongst other things accurately delivered they may find the exact Description of those Feavers Chap. 29. Pag. 407. And we in the mean-time being about to deliver the Description of Intermitting Feavers shall say That such a Focus or Minera of Intermitting Feavers is required which is apt to transmit the cause of a more frequent and Preternatural Pulse by Intervals to the Heart Sundry men have sought this Minera in diverse parts of the Body some have immagined they have found it in the Mass of Blood which to some others seemed less true to whom the Continual Motion of the Blood was known because the Circulation of the Blood is performed once twice or four times a day For the most accurate Dr. Lower in his Treatife of the Heart Fol. 156. proveth That the Blood of a Man well disposed circulateth through the Heart in the space of one Hour thirty times But being granted which in no wise may be denyed that the Mass of Blood of the whole body at least sometimes in a Day doth flow back to the Heart part of which if evilly affected as often as it transiteth the Heart would produce a Fit of a Feaver and so from the Blood naturally following neither a Tertian or a Quartan Feaver may be deduced unless they say that the Blood doth absolve this Tragedy being preternaturally detained in any part of the body which like-wise doth not alike appear to those to whom it is known how easily the Volatile Spirits exhale by the Detention of the blood and the remaining Particles of the blood being made more sharp do suddenly excite mutually among themselves a Heat and Inflamation of the Part to which if an Aposteme be subjoyned that will affect the Blood passing through its Circuits continually and not by Intervals Whence if a Feaver follows it ought not to be called an Intermitting but a Continuall Feaver If they say that the obstruction is not expected to the generation of intermitting Feavers but to furnish the phlegme which is of that nature that daily the yellow Bile w ch every third day and the Atra-bile which every fourth day may produce a certain ebullition many of a higher ingenuity may ask first whether or no those humours such as they are described in the Schools can be Demonstrated to be in the mass of Blood seeing it is evident by what is already said the Atrabilis derives its original from the yellow Bile and more acid pancreatick Juyce Secondly how doth that seem probable that a humour more cold tenatious and unapt for motion as phlegme daily and a hot humour being more fluid and being fit for motion as yellow Choler should every other day onely excite a feaverish Ebullition in the Blood Thirdly how intermitting Feavers may be changed from quotidians into tertrans quartans and the contrary Fourthly to what humours they can ascribe Quintans sextans or those which have more seldome periods of which Fernelius lib. 4. cap. 14. if they determine that each Feavour draws its Original from a certain peculiar Humour But they which have held the minera of intermitting Feavers to be latent in some part of the Body have most of them sought it in the Abdomen for nauceousness loathing of Food Torments Colds Horrors Rigors and other preludiums of the fits conspicuous to none but such as are more attentively disposed do shew the Abdomen to be evilly habited A vomiting excited either by Nature or Art and very often presently asswageing the fierceness of the fits sheweth the principal ways or passages thereof to be evilly habited The Cure it self of the Abdomen also in the beginning of the access declareth the same according to Fernelius de sede intermittentium lib. 4. cap. 10. for Fomentations applied to the Hypocondriaes procure a remission of horror rigor and other Symptomes But what part of the Abdomen in these Feavers is evilly affected hath wearied the brains of many for so confusedly have they sought their minera that nothing of certainty can be concluded from their writings or opinions for some have sought it in the meseraick Veines some in the Branches of the vena porta between the Liver and the Spleen some in other Vessels yea also in the great Colon the duplicature of the Omentum which is under the ventricle and in innumerable other things have they determined the focus of intermitting Feavours whose Clouds of falsity in these our more happy times the sun of Truth hath so discussed and dissipated that they want not our improvement
with a sence of Cold and terminated with heat For the Pancreatick Juice being made more sharp by stagnation in one or more of the lateral Ducts after which flowing into the thin Gut there exciteth such an effervescency with the Bile wherein the Succus Pancreaticus by its predominant Acidity every way emits or sends forth acid Exhalations affected with a sense of Cold which when they touch the Gall-bladder by their acrimony provoke it to its Contraction from whence the Bile breaking forth into the Intestine in a more than usual quantity overwhelmes the Pancreatick Juice and raiseth therewith such an Effervescency in which the Bile predominating Excites heat by sending every way its exhalations or Emissaries This our Opinion is in a wonderful manner confirmed by the Vomitings which very often happen to the Sick at one time so cold and Acid that bringeth a stupor to the Teeth and again on the contrary another while so hot and bitter that they believe they Vomit nothing but pure Choler But some perhaps may ask why we deduce Vomitings and acid belchings rather from the Pancreas than from the Stomach We answer because it is agreeable to experience that the Pancreatick Juice is Acid and seeing that the searchers of Nature do as yet dispute concerning the ferment of the Stomach and its Generation we judged that it ought to be determined rather from a certain than an uncertain Cause And if it shall be evinced by further search in the stomach of Men we speak not of Birds who require a stronger fermentation to digest Stones and other things of a hard consistency for the Generation of Shells that any other ferment is generated besides the Spittle continually swallowed and that to be Acid then shall we be so much the better able to prove an Effervescency to be excited in the thin Gut between the Bile and the Pancreatick Juice Seeing that the Temperate or Natural Acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce would be helped by the acid Ferment of the Stomach and from thence the Effervescency would be the more powerfully performed It is further proved that the Acidity cast forth by Vomitting doth not proceed from the Stomach but from the Intestines by Vomitories exhibited out of the time of the Fit by the help whereof first an insipid Matter afterwards by further straining an Acid and Bilious Matter is vomitted up the contrary of which would happen if the Soure and Cholerick Matter did proceed from the Stomach Concerning the manner by which Acids may get to the Stomach no man of a sound mind will doubt who determines the Bile ejected by Vomiting to proceed from the Intestines Seeing that the Pancreatick Juyce may and ought to be driven through the same wayes as the Bile flowing to the Intestines by their inverted Peristaltick Motion with the same ease to the Ventricle as we have above demonstrated Neither doth the place a little confirm this our Opinion in which a Feaverish fit beginning is for the most part perceived Cold then Hot as also a most fierce pain We understand the Region of the Loynes in which the first part of the thin Gut lies under the Mesentery as is to be seen Tab. I wherein the Confsux and Effervescency of the Bile and the Pancreatick Juyce is Celebrated from which the Particles of those Humours being agitated upon the Ligaments of the Mesentery and other Nervous and Membranous parts they dash against them with an Impetuous force So that that Effervescency may sometimes be perceived by the Touch in the Sick as we have above demonstrated Nor does the Pancreatick Juyce being made sharp by stagnation only exercise a tyranny in the Region of the Loynes but also sends forth its acid Exhalations both upwards and downwards Who doubteth that from the one the Torments of the Belly and from the other Acid belchings do proceed But if those Exhalations penetrate through the Venae Lacteae to the Heart by Incrassating the Blood gives an occasion of a lesser Pulse which nevertheless by its corroding Acrimony produceth one more frequent The Acid Exhalations being subdued in manner afore-said Salt and Bilious Exhalations do follow which again by attenuating the Blood do no less excite a great and sometimes also a more frequent Pulse by irritating the Heart and that so long till their Acrimony being spent they can no longer irritate or provoke the Heart Which done the Vigour and Natural pulse of the Heart is returned So that very often the most skilful can hardly judge whether they have a Feaver or no. We will not here speak lest this Chapter should swell too much with that which we purposed to finish in few Words concerning six Hundred other Symptomes which are wont to accompany Intermitting Feavers seeing we are perswaded there are none at least of those who with an attent mind have considered that the Juyce or its Emissaries after a diverse manner disposed doth perambulate the whole Body and may produce diverse Symptomes but may from these things deduce them by their own proper Industry Which seeing it is so we leaving those small Circumstances shall rightly pass on to the Cure of intermitting Feavers which as it Primarily consisteth in taking away Obstructions and correcting the Pancreatick Juice and other Humours if they be Vitious so it may be most succesfully performed first by Medicines inciding and attenuating tough Phlegme and sometimes expelling it from the Body Secondly By adhibiting Remedies which are indued with a force of correcting and temperating the Pancreatick Juice offending by its Acrimony Thirdly By correcting other Humours in the Body this or that way so peccant that they may Cherish the Vicious Effervescency excited in the thin Gut between the Bile and the Pancreatick Juice For the taking away the Obstruction temperating the more acid Pancreatick Juyce and the diminishing the Cold from thence proceeding these following Medicines do much conduce viz. Water of Parsly Fennel Baume Simple Treacle-Water Salt of Worm-wood of Centary the lesser Syrup of Carduus Benedicttus or the five opening Roots and the like being mixed according to Art especially if taken halfe an hour before the feaverish Cold invades the Sick who ought to be kept in his bed or other warm place that Sweat may be a little promoted or at leastwise that the operation of the Medicine may not be hindered We say half an hour before the feaverish Cold invade the Sick because Reason teacheth and Experience proveth that cutting and attenuating as unobstructing Medicaments do then with a far more happy Success absolve that for which they are Administred than if they were exhibited at any other time the Reason of which seemes to us because those Medicines begin to operate at that time wherein the Pancreatick Juice by its Acrimony doth molifie the Obstruction and so by a united force may more strongly and more happily dissolve the Obstruction than if either of those only were opperating Moreover It very much diminisheth the Feaverish Cold which as yet
so long as at least they remain in a Laudable and Natural Estate But seeing that the more fluid and more profitable parts as well of the Aliments assumed as of the three nominated Humours do go to the Heart the rest more gross and less profitable by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts gradually without Sense are driven forwards to the thick Guts where they are distinguished by the name of Alvinary Foeces Whether also the Exhalations excited by this Effervescency or even the Juice it self may not afford a natural Fermentation in the Stomach we dare not as yet assert although some Animals seem to perswade it to us of both whose Ducts to wit the Pancreatick and Bilar Nature hath determined a passage into the Stomach We judge this Pancreatick Juice is not onely Subservient to the Functions already declared but also by the Sub-acid Spirit with which it is impregnated by the most wise God we think it to be ordained after a certain manner to Incrassate and Inspifate the more fluid Bile and also to temper its too much Acrimony This thing is manifest in the Bile by affusing any acid Spirits thereto which presently either more or less will be thickned and its more gross part precipitated to the bottom whilst its Thinner part floats on the top like Phlegme Hence peradventure Hippocrates Lib. De Victu Accutorum Text 29. 8. 9. teacheth that bitter things are dissolved and pass into Phlegme that is They become sluggish whiles they are spread or mixed with an acid which is not only confirmed by the Authority of the Divine old Gentleman but also by a daily Effervescency whereby it is evident that Acids and Salts being put into a Conflict amongst themselves do so infringe their sharp Particles that they become almost temperate Wherefore not without Reason Hipp. Aph. I. Sect. VI. hath taught us in the daily Levities of the Intestines That if an Acid belching should supervene which had not been before we ought to hope well For it is a signe that the Pancreatick Juice by its acidy will in a short time attemper the Acrimony of the Bile We have said that the Pancreatick Juice is ordained by Nature after a sort to incrassate the more Fluid Bile but it may also so happen that the Bile by its Acidity may be rendered more Fluid viz. when the Viscidity of the Bile dependeth upon the Viscidity of Phlegme therefore in one respect Acids may render the bile more gross but in another more Fluid for Acids do incrassate Fat 's and Lixivious Salts Among those things which we have now recited it is sufficiently evident in the Humours naturally constituted in the small Gut and the Friendly Effervescency of Nature from thence occurring that many Functions in the Body are rightly performed which by the said Effervescency evilly happening are wasted and become Vitious The verity of which thing that we may make it more clearly appear we shall first of all declare some Vices which happen in the Substance of the Pancreas Secondly We shall adjoyne those things which may befall the Juice thereof CHAP. VII With what Diseases the Substance of the Pancreas and its Juice may be Molested CErtainly not a few to whom the Pancreatick Juice hath been unknown have nevertheless believed that the Causes of many grievous Diseases lay hid For Schenkius in his Exerâ—itatione Anat VI. Lib. I. Sect. II. Cap. XXI saith And there are the Seats meaning the Pancreas and the Mesentery of innumerable and wonderful Diseases for the searching of which the age of one man is not sufficient Which thing being the Scorne of Physitians also casteth those which are most exercised into a Blushing hue Fernelius also Lib. VI. Pathol. Cap. VII speaking concerning the Diseases of the Pancreas and Mesentery doth affirm and profess That he hath thought for the most part these to be the Seats of Choler Melancholy Diarhaea Disenteria Cachexia Atrophia of Languishing of Light and Erratick Feavers Lastly the Causes of hidden Diseases by the driving away of which Health might be restored to the Afflicted And Riolanus that Egregious Ornament of the University of Lovaine V. F. Plempius with other Famous men also Conversant in Practise do also think that the cause of intermitting Feavers of Hypocondriack Melancholy and other Chronick Diseases do lurk or lye hid in the Pancreas But this business without all doubt had been more successfully treated of both by these and other men of no small Merit in Medicine had the Pancreatick Juice with its Generation and Nature been known to them Wherefore we shall endeavour being excited by their Commendable Examples to produce something to the Learned World for the Common good by considering first By what Diseases the Substance of the Pancreas may be infested Secondly By declaring the Primary Vices which may happen to its Juice Thirdly By searching into the Functions which are hurt by its evil Disposition Fourthly By investigating the Diseases which follow those Functions hurt Fifthly and lastly By delivering the Remedies wherewith all of them may be amended The Diseases wherewith the Substance of the Pancreas is wont to be molested are Obstructions and those which follow them Tumours Schirous's Abscess's Stones c. Obstructions may happen to the Pancreas two wayes First In the Ductus when the Pancreatick Juice cannot freely pass through it into the Intestines even as we shall more clearly Demonstrate to happen when we shall discourse of Intermitting Feavers Secondly In the Substance of the Pancreas it self when by any cause either Internal or External the Circulation of the Blood through it is hindered from whence the Parenchyma by the continual appulse of blood is puffed up and swells unless it be indurated or by a previous Inflamation goes into an Abseessus Which that it may be made known to all we will bring upon the Stage the Observations of several Phisitians and Anatomists Riolanus Anthropog Lib. 2. Cap. 10. writeth that he had observed in many people who were of a Melancholy Nature and Habit of Body that the Pancreas equalled the weight of the Liver and also confirms the same by the Example of the most Illustrious Augustinus Thuanus Who by the Melancholy Habit of Body did complain for four Years together of a Collick Pain about the Region of the Colon with a Sense of a Burden or Weight at his Stomach while he stood upright or walked But his Hypoconders did not swell At length being taken with an unlookt-for Gangreen from his right Foot suddainly to the Superiour parts with Horrible and Direful Pains in the space of Six Hours expired His Body being opened and the Liver taken out was round like to a Sphare stuffe with Fat and trans-fixed with a certain pituitous hardned Matter like to Mortar But the Pancreas by its Amplitude and Weight did equalize the Liver wholly Schirhous with many little Knobs which were filled with the Species of a Pigeons Egg the Spleen was so wasted that it scarce weighed an