hardly_o credible_a of_o the_o calf_n of_o the_o stature_n of_o we_o and_o can_v agree_v only_o with_o those_o which_o be_v take_v near_o england_n which_o according_a to_o gesner_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o bear_n or_o rather_o with_o those_o whereof_o gomara_n oviedo_n pedro_n ciesa_n and_o the_o last_o relation_n of_o the_o ant-isle_n do_v speak_v which_o be_v of_o a_o size_n so_o prodigious_a that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o seven_o thick_a but_o name_n be_v most_o frequent_o give_v to_o fish_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o resemblance_n that_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v pretend_v to_o certain_a thing_n whether_o that_o similitude_n be_v take_v from_o their_o shape_n or_o disposition_n thus_o the_o sea-sheep_n have_v this_o appellation_n because_o it_o be_v white_a and_o have_v crooked_a horn_n like_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v by_o some_o call_v a_o wolf_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o live_v on_o rapine_n nevertheless_o by_o this_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o sheep_n if_o compare_v to_o the_o sea-sheep_n and_o the_o sea-sheep_n ought_v on_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v call_v a_o wolf_n because_o that_o according_a to_o aelian_a the_o sea-sheep_n hunt_v the_o sea-calf_n and_o devour_v they_o the_o tongue_n be_v very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n be_v large_a flat_a and_o smooth_a it_o be_v fork_v and_o cut_v in_o two_o at_o the_o end_n as_o aristotle_n have_v remarque_v but_o not_o double_a round_o and_o small_a as_o in_o serpent_n and_o lizard_n as_o pliny_n describe_v it_o the_o larynx_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v proportionable_o large_a than_o in_o other_o animal_n it_o go_v half_a a_o inch_n in_o length_n beyond_o the_o glottis_fw-la to_o cover_v it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o be_v do_v more_o exact_o to_o close_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o this_o animal_n eat_v his_o prey_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o water_n from_o run_v into_o its_o lung_n the_o ventricle_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o intestine_a which_o be_v contract_v towards_o its_o two_o orifice_n severinus_n describe_v it_o round_o like_o a_o ostrich_n egg._n the_o interior_a membrane_n be_v fold_v and_o make_v several_a wrinkle_n severinus_n describe_v it_o without_o wrinkle_n these_o wrinkle_n from_o the_o superior_a orifice_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ventricle_n be_v wave_v and_o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o pylorus_n they_o be_v straight_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o the_o ventricles_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud_n in_o which_o the_o wrinkle_n of_o the_o low_a ventricle_n be_v straight_o and_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ventricle_n whereas_o in_o the_o upper_a they_o be_v transversal_a and_o oblique_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v find_v a_o round_a bottom_n of_o the_o sea-herb_n call_v by_o the_o seaman_n wreck_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fucus_n this_o clue_n or_o bottom_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o a_o nut._n it_o close_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o round_a lump_n have_v be_v push_v into_o this_o orifice_n by_o the_o effort_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a compression_n and_o by_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n the_o liver_n have_v six_o lobe_n two_o great_a one_o underneath_o and_o behind_o and_o four_o small_a one_o at_o the_o top_n and_o before_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v between_o the_o great_a right_a lobe_n behind_o and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o small_a one_o which_o be_v before_o of_o the_o same_o side_n belonius_a report_n according_a to_o aristotle_n that_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v no_o gall._n pliny_n will_v have_v it_o in_o the_o breast_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o what_o he_o relate_v that_o this_o animal_n vomit_v up_o its_o gall_n when_o pursue_v by_o the_o fisherman_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v that_o he_o be_v take_v only_o for_o his_o gall_n which_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n for_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o vomit_v up_o this_o gall_n which_o be_v in_o his_o breast_n it_o be_v incredible_a that_o he_o can_v understand_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o fisherman_n unless_o that_o this_o sagacity_n be_v peculiar_a to_o it_o and_o other_o amphibia_fw-la such_o as_o be_v the_o castor_n serpent_n and_o frog_n which_o this_o same_o author_n report_v to_o take_v care_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v seek_v after_o so_o that_o the_o castor_n tear_v off_o the_o pouch_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o medicinal_a liquor_n of_o the_o castoreum_n the_o serpent_n do_v swallow_v the_o precious_a skin_n which_o they_o do_v cast_v at_o the_o spring_n the_o frog_n do_v daily_o vomit_v up_o certain_a salutiferous_a liquor_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o their_o body_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v kill_v for_o this_o liquor_n the_o kidney_n resemble_v not_o those_o of_o the_o otter_n as_o rondeletius_n say_v because_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o otter_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a small_a separate_a one_o which_o have_v each_o their_o emulgent_a vessel_n and_o particular_a ureter_n as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o bear._n the_o kidney_n of_o our_o subject_n be_v more_o like_a to_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o land-calf_n be_v cleave_v at_o top_n only_o in_o their_o surface_n by_o chap_n which_o do_v not_o sink_v very_o deep_a but_o these_o chap_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o in_o the_o land-calf_n and_o they_o make_v this_o kidney_n to_o seem_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n join_v together_o these_o kidney_n do_v likewise_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o the_o land-calf_n in_o that_o beside_o the_o great_a pelvis_n which_o be_v in_o the_o gibbous_a part_n of_o that_o kidney_n there_o be_v several_a other_o small_a one_o scatter_v in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o every_o of_o these_o small_a pelves_fw-la appertain_v to_o each_o of_o the_o little_a particular_a kidney_n of_o which_o the_o great_a one_o be_v compose_v and_o that_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o every_o of_o these_o particular_a kidney_n make_v but_o one_o single_a mass._n the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v all_o intersperse_v with_o very_o visible_a vessel_n which_o make_v rondeletius_n to_o say_v that_o the_o emulgent_n enter_v not_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n as_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o that_o they_o be_v distribute_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kidney_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o vessel_n in_o the_o left_a kidney_n be_v the_o branch_n or_o rather_o the_o root_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n which_o by_o reunite_a do_v form_v three_o great_a branch_n which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o emulgent_a do_v by_o the_o way_n receive_v this_o left_a kidney_n be_v accompany_v with_o a_o succenturiatus_fw-la which_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o filbert_n and_o immediate_o adhere_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o lung_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n on_o each_o side_n which_o be_v only_o a_o little_a transvers_o cut_v through_o the_o middle_n the_o heart_n be_v round_o and_o flat_a it_o be_v ventricles_n appear_v very_o large_a and_o its_o auricles_n very_o small_a the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n two_o inch_n in_o length_n before_o it_o return_v downward_o underneath_o the_o great_a aperture_n through_o which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la convey_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v another_o which_o penetrate_v into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o afterward_o into_o the_o aorta_fw-la this_o hole_n which_o be_v call_v the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi in_o the_o foetus_fw-la make_v the_o anastomosis_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o blood_n go_v from_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o aorta_fw-la without_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_o for_o the_o same_o use_n that_o this_o passage_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea-calf_n and_o foetus_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n which_o each_o have_v of_o live_v without_o respiration_n viz._n the_o foetus_fw-la whilst_o in_o the_o womb_n of_o its_o mother_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n whilst_o under_o water_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o circulation_n and_o that_o the_o blood_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v receive_v from_o one_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o be_v dilate_a be_v afterward_o thrust_v into_o the_o other_o ventricle_n by_o the_o compression_n of_o
cartilage_n and_o produce_v only_o membranous_a channel_n very_o large_a and_o unequal_a contain_v even_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o some_o place_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n only_o in_o other_o the_o membrane_n that_o form_v these_o channel_n be_v transparent_a and_o thinn_n but_o solid_a and_o fortify_v with_o ligament_n link_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o net_n compose_v of_o several_a mash_n like_v to_o those_o that_o be_v see_v in_o the_o second_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n that_o ruminate_v each_o of_o these_o mash_n be_v the_o border_n and_o entrance_n of_o a_o little_a pouch_n which_o open_v into_o a_o second_o and_o that_o sometime_o into_o a_o three_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v run_v along_o the_o ligament_n of_o which_o they_o do_v accompany_v all_o the_o division_n equal_o distribute_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o author_n that_o have_v think_v that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v no_o blood_n in_o the_o lung_n have_v ground_v this_o opinion_n on_o the_o whiteness_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o membrane_n whereof_o they_o be_v compose_v which_o do_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v altogether_o membranous_a when_o it_o be_v swell_v whereas_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n appear_v fleshy_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o of_o more_o and_o less_o the_o lung_n of_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n be_v compose_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o small_a vesicles_n heap_v one_o against_o the_o other_o among_o which_o the_o sanguinary_a vessel_n be_v interlace_v in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o they_o do_v form_v a_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n like_o little_a lobe_n fasten_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o bronchi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o little_a lobe_n that_o the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v yet_o this_o difference_n of_o more_o and_o less_o fill_v with_o blood_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o pass_v for_o essential_a and_o sufficient_a to_o establish_v a_o species_n of_o lung_n which_o be_v one_o of_o three_o to_o which_o we_o reduce_v the_o lung_n of_o the_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v for_o we_o have_v find_v lung_n which_o do_v appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a other_o absolute_o membranous_a and_o other_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a the_o lung_n of_o all_o four_o footed_a terrestrial_a animal_n which_o lie_v no_o egg_n and_o some_o of_o the_o amphibious_a as_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n and_o these_o lung_n do_v absolute_o appear_v fleshy_a because_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v equal_o disperse_v through_o all_o their_o substance_n into_o which_o it_o circulate_v entire_o make_v all_o the_o blood_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o its_o vessel_n from_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o other_o the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n serpent_n frog_n salamander_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n and_o they_o appear_v absolute_o membranous_a have_v but_o very_o little_a blood_n disperse_v into_o their_o substance_n viz._n only_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o particular_a nourishment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o circulation_n make_v in_o its_o vessel_n but_o of_o this_o nourishment_n the_o lung_n of_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o three_o species_n and_o they_o do_v appear_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o part_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o rib_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n by_o which_o the_o circulation_n be_v entire_o make_v as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o and_o sometime_o into_o ten_o great_a bladder_n have_v no_o vessel_n and_o the_o circulation_n therein_o be_v only_o for_o its_o peculiar_a nourishment_n these_o three_o species_n of_o the_o lung_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o if_o their_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o use_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n and_o other_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o that_o kind_n will_v make_v a_o particular_a species_n their_o lung_n be_v useless_a for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n and_o that_o of_o terrestrial_a animal_n will_v make_v another_o species_n which_o will_v be_v common_a to_o those_o who_o lung_n appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o those_o that_o appear_v only_o in_o one_o part_n for_o the_o establish_n these_o two_o species_n there_o may_v be_v likewise_o add_v another_o difference_n take_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n even_o as_o in_o bird_n be_v continual_a regular_a and_o periodical_a and_o in_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o tortoise_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o seldom_o and_o unequal_a that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o half_a a_o day_n without_o one_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v in_o he_o any_o motion_n for_o the_o respiration_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v perceive_v to_o swell_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o to_o remain_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o this_o condition_n the_o tortoise_n do_v probable_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n we_o have_v a_o long_a time_n observe_v several_a live_n and_o entire_a and_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o indeed_o they_o sometime_o cast_v forth_o a_o cold_a breath_n through_o the_o nostril_n but_o it_o be_v by_o interval_n and_o without_o order_n in_o those_o which_o be_v open_v alive_a we_o see_v that_o the_o lung_n remain_v continual_o swell_v by_o the_o exact_a compression_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o shrink_v entire_o and_o sudden_o when_o entrance_n be_v give_v to_o the_o air_n by_o cut_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o live_a dog_n be_v open_v by_o take_v away_o the_o sternum_fw-la with_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendix_n of_o the_o rib_n the_o lung_n be_v observe_v sudden_o to_o sink_v and_o afterward_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o cease_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o that_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o auricle_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v swell_v as_o if_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v so_o that_o to_o prevent_v the_o animal_n death_n the_o end_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n be_v put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o push_v in_o the_o air_n to_o make_v the_o lung_n swell_v and_o afterward_o withdraw_v they_o to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o be_v artificial_o make_v to_o have_v the_o motion_n that_o they_o natural_o use_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ventricle_n and_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v unswell_o and_o the_o heart_n resume_v its_o ordinary_a motion_n again_o this_o hapnes_n not_o to_o the_o tortoise_n in_o which_o one_o have_v lay_v open_a the_o lung_n for_o whether_o they_o continue_v swell_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v shrink_v the_o circulation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n do_v continue_v so_o well_o in_o their_o natural_a manner_n that_o it_o be_v experiment_v that_o a_o tortoise_n have_v live_v above_o four_o day_n in_o this_o condition_n we_o have_v also_o make_v another_o experiment_n to_o know_v more_o distinct_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o which_o be_v not_o amphibious_a a_o injection_n be_v make_v by_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o a_o dead_a dog_n it_o happen_v that_o if_o one_o continue_v to_o make_v the_o lung_n rise_v and_o sink_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o bellows_o put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o liquor_n which_o be_v push_v into_o the_o lung_n do_v easy_o pass_v and_o go_v through_o the_o vein_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o that_o when_o one_o cease_v to_o blow_v it_o pass_v not_o but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n after_o have_v veiw_v the_o different_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o tortoise_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v some_o probable_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o these_o experiment_n for_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o dog_n be_v sink_v after_o expiration_n the_o vessel_n be_v compress_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o blood_n can_v pass_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o vessel_n be_v dilate_v by_o inspiration_n for_o the_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o they_o be_v afterward_o compress_v in_o the_o expiration_n to_o press_v it_o
uteri_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v very_o true_a to_o say_v that_o the_o structure_n and_o use_n of_o the_o tuba_fw-la in_o woman_n and_o the_o cornua_fw-la in_o brute_n have_v nothing_o essential_o different_a see_v that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o example_n of_o the_o conception_n make_v in_o the_o tuba_fw-la we_o have_v some_o observation_n which_o do_v manifest_a to_o we_o that_o this_o tuba_fw-la have_v sometime_o also_o a_o evident_a cavity_n we_o have_v here_o put_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la of_o a_o woman_n in_o which_o we_o find_v two_o apparent_a cavity_n which_o make_v some_o wind_a eight_o line_n long_o and_o near_o two_o broad_a at_o their_o beginning_n which_o from_o the_o fundus_fw-la uteri_fw-la do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o tuba_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o of_o the_o cornua_fw-la a_o little_a below_o the_o testicle_n there_o be_v a_o long_a body_n of_o a_o nervous_a substance_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o ligamenta_fw-la teretia_n for_o it_o descend_v 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contain_v ten_o line_n the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v exceed_o small_a not_o exceed_v a_o line_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n like_o as_o in_o lion_n be_v more_o convex_a before_o than_o behind_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o other_o lioness_n where_o it_o be_v flat_a and_o more_o convex_a behind_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v put_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o lay_v on_o the_o choroide_n which_o we_o call_v the_o tapetum_fw-la be_v of_o a_o isabel_n colour_n intermix_v with_o a_o brisk_a greenish_a blue_n it_o be_v easy_o separable_a from_o the_o choroide_n which_o remain_v entire_a with_o its_o ordinary_a thickness_n after_o that_o we_o have_v take_v away_o the_o membrane_n which_o form_v this_o tapetum_fw-la the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v near_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o it_o be_v middle_a there_o be_v see_v to_o appear_v a_o foramen_fw-la which_o disappear_v when_o the_o whole_a retina_fw-la be_v lay_v on_o one_o side_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o equal_o extend_v about_o the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o the_o concavitie_n of_o the_o choroide_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o chameleon_n it_o be_v represent_v alive_a perch_v on_o a_o tree_n somewhat_o crooked_a towards_o the_o side_n which_o it_o ascend_v to_o discover_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n in_o the_o part_n which_o the_o dissection_n discover_v a._n the_o gallbladder_n b._n the_o left_a lo_n e_o of_o the_o liver_n c_o c._n the_o right_a d._n the_o oesophagus_n e._n the_o ventricle_n f._n the_o pylorus_n g._n the_o ductus_fw-la cholidocus_fw-la h._n the_o vena_fw-la porta_n i._o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k_o k_o k._n the_o intestin_n l_o m._n a_o membrane_n which_o hold_v all_o these_o part_n link_v together_o and_o suspend_v n._n the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la o._n the_o left_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n p._n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o lung_n blow_v up_o and_o speckled_a with_o red_a spot_n q_o q_o q._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o lung_n blow_v up_o r._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la tie_v to_o keep_v the_o lung_n blow_v up_o s_o s_o the_o os_fw-la hyoide_n t._n the_o cartalaginous_a style_n to_o which_o the_o trunk_n which_o sustain_v the_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v x_o x._o the_o tongue_n y._n the_o trunk_n draw_v up_o z_o z._n the_o kidney_n γ_n γ._n the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la δ._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la k_o k._n the_o intestine_n θ_o θ._n the_o eye_n λ_n λ._n the_o optic_a nerve_n Ï€._n the_o brain_n we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o skeleton_n need_v any_o explication_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o the_o exactness_n wherewith_o it_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o discourse_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o chameleon_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o animal_n more_o famous_a than_o the_o chameleon_n its_o admirable_a property_n have_v ever_o be_v the_o subject_a as_o well_o of_o natural_a as_o moral_a philosophy_n the_o change_n of_o its_o colour_n and_o the_o particular_a manner_n of_o feed_v which_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o have_v in_o all_o age_n give_v great_a admiration_n and_o exercise_n to_o those_o that_o do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o those_o wonder_n which_o naturalist_n have_v relate_v of_o this_o inconsiderable_a animal_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a symbol_n use_v in_o rhetoric_n and_o ethic_n to_o represent_v the_o base_a compliance_n of_o courtier_n and_o flatterer_n and_o the_o vanity_n wherewith_o simple_a and_o light_a mind_n do_v feed_v themselves_o it_o be_v very_a name_n in_o tertullian_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o serious_a meditation_n upon_o false-glory_n and_o he_o propose_v it_o as_o the_o example_n of_o the_o impudence_n of_o cheat_n and_o boaster_n it_o be_v not_o know_v true_o why_o the_o greek_n have_v bestow_v so_o fine_a a_o name_n upon_o so_o vile_a and_o ugly_a a_o beast_n by_o call_v it_o the_o little-lyon_n or_o dwarf-lyon_n according_a to_o isidâ—…re's_n etymology_n gesner_n say_v that_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v the_o lion_n without_o mention_v wherein_o panarolus_n will_v have_v it_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v crooked_a at_o the_o end_n as_o he_o say_v like_o the_o lion_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o chameleon_n nor_o the_o lion_n have_v a_o crooked_a tail._n it_o will_v be_v more_o probable_a to_o place_v the_o resemblance_n on_o the_o crest_n which_o they_o both_o have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o casque_n but_o it_o appear_v on_o the_o lion_n head_n only_o when_o the_o fleâ—…h_n of_o the_o musculi_fw-la crotophitae_fw-la be_v cut_v off_o licetus_n think_v that_o this_o name_n be_v give_v it_o because_o as_o the_o lion_n hunt_v and_o devour_v other_o animal_n so_o the_o chameleon_n catch_v fly_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o a_o little_a worm_n which_o hunt_v and_o take_v ant_n as_o albertus_n have_v describe_v be_v call_v formicaleon_n and_o that_o a_o little_a lobster_n as_o pliny_n and_o athenaus_n report_n be_v name_v lion_n because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o chameleon_n be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o fourfooted_a beast_n which_o do_v lay_v egg_n as_o the_o crocodile_n and_o lizard_n which_o it_o sufficient_o resemble_v save_v that_o its_o head_n and_o back_o be_v not_o flat_a like_o the_o lizard_n who_o have_v likewise_o much_o short_a leg_n with_o which_o it_o crâ—…wls_v very_o fast_o along_o the_o ground_n whereas_o the_o chameleon_n have_v long_a leg_n and_o go_v easy_o only_a upon_o tree_n where_o it_o delight_v itself_o much_o more_o than_o on_o the_o ground_n because_o that_o as_o it_o be_v say_v it_o fear_v the_o serpent_n from_o which_o it_o can_v secure_v itself_o by_o flight_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o spy_v
smallness_n of_o this_o subject_a which_o make_v it_o to_o dry_v speedy_o hinder_v we_o from_o make_v our_o observation_n so_o particular_o as_o it_o deserve_v the_o last_o observation_n which_o we_o make_v but_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o considerable_a be_v upon_o its_o tongue_n the_o make_v and_o use_v of_o which_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o white_a flesh_n very_o solid_a ten_o line_n long_o three_o broad_a round_o and_o a_o little_a flattish_a towards_o the_o end_n it_o be_v hollow_a and_o open_a at_o the_o end_n like_o a_o sack_n somewhat_o like_o the_o end_n of_o a_o elephant_n proâ—…oscis_fw-la this_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o trunk_n like_o a_o gut_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o line_n broad_a have_v a_o membrane_n without_o and_o a_o nervous_a substance_n within_o the_o membrane_n be_v cover_v with_o spot_n all_o along_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v imbue_v on_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o blackish_a extravassated_a blood_n unequal_o collect_v in_o several_a place_n the_o nervous_a substance_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v solid_a and_o compact_a although_o very_o soft_a and_o be_v not_o easy_o divide_v into_o string_n like_o the_o nerve_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n this_o trunk_n serve_v to_o cast_v out_o the_o tongue_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o by_o extend_v it_o and_o to_o draw_v it_o back_o by_o contract_n itself_o and_o it_o be_v our_o opinion_n that_o when_o it_o shorten_v itself_o it_o must_v be_v that_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v it_o have_v a_o stylus_fw-la of_o a_o cartilagineous_a substance_n very_o fine_a and_o smooth_a insert_v into_o it_o to_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o trunk_n be_v fasten_v and_o on_o which_o its_o membrane_n be_v plait_v like_o a_o silk-stocking_n on_o the_o leg_n for_o we_o can_v not_o certain_o understand_v how_o this_o tongue_n can_v otherwise_o be_v retract_v this_o stylus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o inch_n long_o take_v its_o original_a from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o os_fw-la hyoide_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o tongue_n of_o several_a bird_n the_o tongue_n be_v endow_v with_o store_n of_o apparent_a vessel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n as_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n which_o make_v we_o wonder_v why_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o chameleon_n have_v no_o blood_n but_o about_o the_o heart_n and_o eye_n and_o that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o modern_n do_v place_n it_o among_o those_o animal_n that_o have_v little_a blood._n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o small_a esteem_n which_o the_o ancient_n make_v of_o the_o particularity_n of_o this_o tongue_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o speak_v thereof_o and_o that_o if_o they_o have_v see_v to_o what_o purpose_n the_o chameleon_n use_v it_o they_o can_v not_o think_v that_o it_o live_v by_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o this_o tongue_n serve_v it_o for_o the_o catch_n of_o the_o animal_n whereon_o it_o live_v and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a surprise_a thing_n to_o we_o to_o see_v the_o swiftness_n wherewith_o it_o dart_v this_o tongue_n at_o a_o fly_n and_o with_o which_o it_o draw_v it_o back_o again_o into_o its_o mouth_n with_o the_o prey_n which_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o never_o fail_v to_o catch_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o natural_a glue_n which_o its_o tongue_n incessant_o sweat_v forth_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o which_o gather_v together_o and_o thicken_v in_o its_o cavitie_n which_o penetrate_v not_o into_o the_o trunk_n to_o which_o this_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v so_o that_o to_o swallow_v what_o it_o have_v glue_v at_o the_o end_n of_o its_o tongue_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o peristaltic_a action_n perform_v by_o the_o tongue_n who_o part_n successive_o join_v and_o press_v against_o the_o palate_n do_v there_o cause_v to_o run_v into_o the_o throat_n whatever_o it_o have_v to_o swallow_n the_o abundance_n of_o wrinkle_n which_o we_o see_v run_v a_o cross_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o this_o tongue_n make_v we_o to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o do_v nevertheless_o marmol_n who_o say_v that_o he_o have_v see_v a_o great_a many_o live_v chameleon_n with_o a_o design_n to_o explain_v himself_o upon_o this_o particular_a use_n of_o their_o tongue_n assert_n that_o it_o serve_v they_o not_o to_o catch_v infect_v and_o that_o whatever_o he_o have_v observe_v of_o this_o animal_n can_v not_o make_v he_o to_o alter_v his_o opinion_n that_o its_o only_a nourishment_n be_v the_o air_n and_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun._n yet_o we_o have_v find_v its_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n fill_v with_o fly_n and_o worm_n have_v see_v it_o swallow_v they_o after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a we_o have_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o excrement_n that_o it_o void_v almost_o every_o day_n be_v mix_v with_o store_n of_o yellow_a and_o greenish_a choler_n and_o such_o as_o they_o be_v in_o animal_n which_o do_v live_v in_o something_o else_o beside_o air_n which_o nidermayer_n physician_n to_o the_o landgrave_n of_o hessen_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1619._o bring_v a_o live_v camelion_n from_o malta_n into_o germany_n have_v already_o observe_v we_o do_v many_o time_n void_a stone_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pea_n which_o it_o have_v not_o swallow_v but_o which_o be_v engender_v in_o its_o intestine_n as_o we_o discover_v after_o a_o curious_a examination_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o these_o stone_n be_v so_o light_a that_o be_v put_v into_o distil_a vinegar_n they_o rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n when_o stir_v that_o they_o do_v there_o dissolve_v and_o that_o one_o of_o they_o which_o cleave_v contain_v in_o its_o middle_n the_o head_n of_o a_o fly_n about_o which_o the_o stony_a matter_n be_v amass_v this_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o the_o lienteria_fw-la which_o panarâ—…lus_n report_v to_o be_v perpetual_a in_o the_o chameleon_n be_v not_o the_o distemper_n of_o we_o see_v that_o retain_v the_o useful_a thing_n it_o reject_v those_o only_o which_o be_v superfluous_a and_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v keep_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o it_o void_v fly_n which_o appear_v almost_o as_o entire_a as_o it_o have_v take_v they_o but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o this_o happen_v to_o serpent_n which_o do_v evacuate_v animal_n whole_a as_o they_o have_v swallow_v they_o and_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o draw_v the_o nutritive_a juice_n from_o the_o food_n be_v different_a in_o different_a creature_n that_o some_o must_v dissolve_v what_o they_o eat_v and_o therefore_o they_o do_v first_o chew_n it_o and_o afterward_o reduce_v it_o into_o liquor_n in_o their_o stomach_n that_o other_o who_o swallow_v without_o chew_v have_v a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n powerful_a enough_o to_o extract_v the_o juice_n they_o have_v need_n of_o 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little_a one_o the_o aqueous_a humour_n which_o be_v in_o exceed_v great_a abundance_n be_v not_o find_v congeal_v although_o the_o vitreous_a and_o crystalline_a be_v hard_o freeze_v which_o demonstrate_v that_o this_o humour_n be_v improper_o call_v aqueous_a and_o that_o its_o substance_n be_v rather_o spirituous_a and_o as_o it_o be_v aetherial_a because_o that_o congelation_n peculiar_o belong_v to_o aqueous_a liquor_n those_o which_o be_v fat_a and_o oleaginous_a be_v capable_a only_o of_o coagulation_n even_o as_o those_o which_o be_v spirituous_a and_o aetherial_a do_v suffer_v neither_o congelation_n nor_o coagulation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o substance_n which_o be_v lock_v up_o in_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o eye_n have_v nothing_o of_o water_n but_o the_o transparency_n and_o fluidity_n because_o that_o it_o have_v need_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a thinness_n and_o subtlety_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o refraction_n which_o must_v be_v make_v in_o the_o 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inch_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o external_a orifice_n to_o the_o bifurcation_n of_o the_o two_o horn_n or_o ductus_n which_o from_o the_o bifurcation_n to_o their_o extremity_n where_o the_o testicle_n be_v contain_v each_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n the_o testicle_n be_v six_o line_n long_o and_o four_o broad_a they_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n like_o the_o liver_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o and_o friable_a through_o the_o extraordinary_a heat_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v black_v by_o adustion_n this_o blackness_n of_o the_o blood_n have_v make_v the_o heart_n livid_n and_o tinge_v the_o water_n of_o the_o pericardium_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bloody_a the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o auricles_n vessel_n and_o valve_n be_v as_o in_o a_o cat_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v large_a and_o strong_a be_v eight_o line_n in_o thickness_n and_o 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part_n on_o the_o land_n and_o hind_a part_n in_o the_o water_n because_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v dure_v the_o time_n that_o it_o be_v keep_v that_o it_o love_v frequent_o to_o plung_v its_o hind-paw_n and_o tail_n into_o the_o water_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la b._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n c_o c._n the_o two_o first_o pouch_n which_o be_v the_o large_a of_o those_o wherein_o the_o castoreum_n be_v prepare_v and_o contain_v d_o d._n the_o two_o second_o which_o be_v less_o e_o e._n the_o other_o pouch_n of_o a_o three_o sort_n enclose_v in_o the_o second_o d_o e._n several_a little_a globular_a body_n be_v see_v upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sort_n of_o pouch_n f._n the_o common_a hole_n to_o the_o intestine_a and_o penis_n g._n the_o begin_n of_o the_o penis_n h_o h._n the_o epididymides_n i._o the_o testicle_n k_o k._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la l_o l._n the_o deferentia_fw-la m_o m._n the_o cremaster_n n._n one_o of_o the_o fore-paw_n o_o o._n the_o colon._n p._n the_o caecum_fw-la q._n a_o ligament_n fasten_v to_o the_o caecum_fw-la along_o which_o be_v spread_v several_a vessel_n which_o lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o coat_n of_o this_o intestine_a r_o r._n the_o brain_n s._n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n t_o t_o t_o t._n four_o other_o sinus_n proceed_v from_o the_o other_o which_o divide_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o three_o v_o v_o v._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la x._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o penis_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o castor_n or_o beaver_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a to_o observe_v nice_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o castor_n because_o there_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v make_v a_o exact_a description_n thereof_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v almost_o whole_o silent_a concern_v this_o animal_n and_o the_o modern_n apply_v themselves_o more_o to_o speak_v of_o its_o nature_n than_o to_o examine_v the_o structure_n of_o its_o body_n that_o which_o be_v dissect_v at_o the_o king_n library_n be_v take_v in_o canada_n about_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n it_o resemble_v a_o otter_n but_o be_v large_a and_o big_a and_o weigh_v above_o thirty_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o its_o great_a breadth_n be_v near_o twelve_o inch_n the_o hair_n which_o cover_v its_o whole_a body_n except_o the_o tail_n be_v not_o every_o where_o alike_o but_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o be_v mingle_v together_o and_o which_o differ_v in_o length_n as_o well_o as_o colour_n the_o big_a be_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o as_o thick_a as_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o head._n be_v colour_n be_v brown_a somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o minime_fw-la or_o soot-colour_n but_o very_o bright_a and_o its_o substance_n be_v firm_a and_o so_o solid_a that_o have_v cut_v it_o crosswise_o there_o can_v not_o any_o 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great_a difficulty_n to_o separate_v they_o with_o a_o launcet_n rondeletius_n run_v into_o the_o same_o error_n although_o he_o have_v examine_v à _fw-fr little_a better_o than_o other_o author_n the_o pouch_n from_o which_o the_o castoreum_n be_v take_v but_o yet_o very_o negligent_o not_o to_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v four_o in_o number_n for_o he_o reckon_v but_o two_o there_o be_v some_o more_o modern_a author_n who_o have_v not_o go_v much_o far_a than_o the_o other_o content_v themselves_o with_o know_v that_o the_o testicle_n be_v different_a from_o these_o pouch_n and_o have_v so_o ill_o understand_v dioscorides_n as_o to_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o say_v the_o testicle_n of_o the_o castor_n be_v hide_v in_o the_o groin_n he_o take_v the_o pouch_n for_o they_o but_o experience_n have_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o all_o these_o author_n be_v mistake_v if_o all_o castor_n be_v like_o to_o that_o which_o we_o dissect_v for_o the_o testicle_n be_v no_o more_o on_o the_o 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in_o length_n it_o be_v that_o which_o make_v we_o to_o distinguish_v this_o intestine_a from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v figure_n be_v not_o straight_o but_o a_o little_a crooked_a like_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o scythe_n in_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o this_o bend_n there_o be_v a_o ligament_n and_o in_o the_o convex_a another_o both_o like_a to_o those_o which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o the_o colon_n of_o man_n and_o these_o ligament_n be_v accompany_v with_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o come_v from_o the_o venae_fw-la mesentericae_fw-la and_o spread_v from_o space_n to_o space_v their_o branch_n into_o the_o body_n of_o this_o intestine_a two_o finger_n underneath_o the_o great_a end_n of_o the_o spleen_n there_o lay_v a_o little_a spherical_a body_n very_o extraordinary_a which_o appear_v of_o the_o same_o substance_n as_o the_o spleen_n although_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o it_o it_o be_v three_o line_n diameter_n the_o other_o intestine_n be_v so_o little_a different_a from_o one_o another_o that_o we_o can_v never_o distinguish_v the_o colon._n they_o be_v near_o twenty_o eight_o foot_n long_o have_v open_v they_o we_o find_v in_o the_o inside_n eight_o worm_n long_o and_o round_o like_a to_o earthworm_n three_o whereof_o be_v between_o seven_o and_o eight_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o rest_n about_o four_o the_o spleen_n be_v lay_v along_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o stomach_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v by_o eight_o vein_n and_o as_o many_o artery_n which_o make_v so_o many_o vas_n breve_n it_o be_v colour_n be_v very_o red_a its_o length_n seven_o inch_n and_o its_o thickness_n almost_o equal_v its_o breadth_n which_o be_v about_o ten_o line_n we_o observe_v nothing_o particular_a in_o the_o liver_n save_v that_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o lobe_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o the_o lobe_n of_o a_o dog_n liver_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n between_o two_o of_o its_o lobe_n it_o be_v two_o 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of_o dog_n the_o lung_n have_v six_o lobe_n three_o on_o the_o right_a side_n two_o on_o the_o left_a and_o another_o little_a one_o which_o be_v in_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o the_o left_a auricle_n be_v large_a than_o the_o right_n which_o be_v likewise_o see_v in_o some_o other_o animal_n but_o not_o in_o man_n who_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v the_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n big_a than_o the_o left_a we_o the_o more_o careful_o seek_v after_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o several_a modern_a author_n have_v aver_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o amphibious_a animal_n and_o even_o in_o man_n who_o do_v often_o dive_v and_o swim_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o water_n but_o what_o exactness_n soever_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n we_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o hole_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o our_o castor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o it_o have_v be_v 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toe_n be_v equal_a have_v each_o their_o three_o phalanges_fw-la and_o the_o pollex_n not_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o other_o toe_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v from_o each_o other_o the_o nose_n eye_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o whole_a head_n do_v hardly_o render_v it_o different_a from_o the_o castor_n the_o tooth_n only_o be_v unlike_a not_o be_v sharp_a nor_o so_o strong_a as_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n which_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o aristotle_n have_v mistake_v the_o otter_n for_o the_o castor_n when_o he_o exaggerate_v after_o the_o manner_n already_o show_v the_o strange_a force_n of_o its_o bite_a for_o our_o otter_n have_v not_o those_o four_o great_a and_o long_a incisore_n which_o be_v particular_a to_o the_o castor_n and_o some_o other_o animal_n as_o the_o hare_n squirel_n and_o rat_n all_o the_o tooth_n be_v make_v like_o those_o of_o the_o dog_n or_o wolf_n and_o the_o canini_n be_v as_o be_v usual_a long_o than_o the_o incisore_n so_o that_o these_o 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castor_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v short_a than_o upon_o the_o body_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n long_o than_o on_o the_o foot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hair_n viz._n on_o the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n and_o of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o long_o brown_a straight_a and_o thick_a the_o other_o short_a grayer_n more_o frizzle_a and_o soft_a to_o finish_v the_o description_n of_o the_o outside_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o particular_a very_o remarkable_a and_o which_o great_o distinguish_v the_o otter_n not_o only_o from_o the_o castor_n but_o even_o from_o other_o brute_n which_o be_v the_o extraordinary_a formation_n of_o the_o exterior_a orifice_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la where_o we_o find_v the_o nymphae_n and_o a_o clitoris_n as_o in_o woman_n the_o clitoris_n which_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o nymphae_n and_o beyond_o their_o junction_n be_v three_o line_n in_o length_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o membrane_n and_o ligament_n which_o enclose_v a_o bone_n two_o line_n long_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v see_v by_o the_o dissection_n be_v yet_o more_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n than_o the_o exterior_a be_v the_o liver_n which_o contain_v but_o five_o lobe_n in_o the_o castor_n have_v six_o in_o our_o otter_n the_o spleen_n which_o be_v cylindrical_a in_o the_o castor_n and_o very_o small_a not_o exceed_v ten_o line_n diameter_n and_o seven_o inch_n in_o length_n be_v flat_a in_o the_o otter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o four_o and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o its_o connexion_n be_v so_o particular_a that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n but_o from_o almost_o all_o other_o animal_n in_o which_o the_o spleen_n be_v general_o fasten_v to_o the_o stomach_n whereas_o in_o our_o otter_n it_o be_v at_o the_o epiploon_n the_o kidney_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a in_o the_o castor_n they_o be_v not_o two_o in_o length_n but_o the_o principal_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o conformation_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o a_o bear_n those_o of_o the_o otter_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o number_n of_o little_a kidney_n whereof_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v compose_v for_o instead_o of_o fifty_o two_o little_a kidney_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o bear_n there_o be_v only_o ten_o in_o the_o otter_n which_o be_v separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o each_o have_v their_o parenchyma_n vena_fw-la and_o arteria_fw-la emulgens_fw-la apart_o with_o a_o three_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o pelvis_n which_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o ureter_n produce_v and_o ten_o branch_n of_o which_o go_v to_o each_o little_a kidney_n one_o these_o little_a kidney_n beside_o a_o common_a membrane_n that_o envelop_v they_o have_v store_n of_o fibres_n which_o tie_v and_o collect_v they_o into_o a_o heap_n which_o have_v a_o figure_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o kidney_n usual_o have_v and_o there_o be_v one_o of_o these_o small_a kidney_n which_o be_v a_o little_a more_o separate_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o extend_v this_o figure_n towards_o the_o top_n so_o that_o this_o little_a kidney_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o capsula_fw-la atrabilaria_n the_o pancreas_n be_v compose_v of_o conglomerated_a gland_n like_a that_o of_o the_o castor_n and_o generality_n of_o other_o animal_n but_o they_o appear_v more_o distinct_a and_o separate_a one_o from_o the_o other_o than_o usual_a the_o lung_n as_o in_o the_o castor_n be_v compose_v of_o seven_o lobe_n six_o of_o which_o be_v equal_a in_o size_n and_o the_o seven_o very_o small_a which_o seem_v only_o a_o appendix_n of_o the_o six_o we_o careful_o seek_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o animal_n while_o they_o do_v remain_v without_o breathe_v in_o the_o belly_n of_o their_o dam_n for_o supply_v the_o use_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o respiration_n which_o be_v to_o assist_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v make_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o dilatation_n and_o compression_n of_o this_o part_n we_o have_v former_o make_v this_o search_n in_o the_o castor_n because_o that_o some_o have_v think_v that_o that_o animal_n have_v need_n of_o this_o conformation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o make_v it_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o cessation_n of_o respiration_n which_o it_o undergo_v when_o it_o plunge_v and_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n but_o we_o find_v not_o this_o foramen_fw-la open_a nor_o that_o there_o be_v other_o conveyance_n which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n than_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lung_n yet_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o we_o observe_v some_o vestigia_fw-la of_o this_o aperture_n which_o seem_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o have_v not_o be_v long_o close_v which_o appear_v to_o we_o the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o castor_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n shut_v up_o in_o his_o hutt_n without_o have_v liberty_n to_o plunge_v into_o the_o water_n and_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o this_o foramen_fw-la be_v stop_v as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o all_o animal_n a_o little_a after_o their_o birth_n when_o the_o faculty_n which_o they_o have_v of_o breathe_v render_v this_o foramen_fw-la useless_a but_o in_o our_o otter_n we_o find_v not_o any_o appearance_n that_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o foramen_fw-la which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o this_o sufficient_o agree_v with_o the_o remark_n which_o all_o author_n have_v make_v that_o the_o otter_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o force_v to_o raise_v itself_o above_o the_o water_n to_o breath_n which_o the_o castor_n do_v not_o have_v a_o much_o great_a facility_n of_o want_v respiration_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o other_o part_n which_o have_v be_v careful_o dissect_v have_v furnish_v we_o with_o nothing_o considerable_a and_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v remark_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n it_o be_v dispose_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o one_o may_v see_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o pouch_n in_o which_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n and_o the_o three_o aperture_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o animal_n and_o which_o be_v more_o distinct_o represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o penis_n forcible_o draw_v outward_o b_o b._n the_o anus_fw-la of_o the_o
man_n explain_v himself_o by_o a_o figure_n which_o leave_v those_o who_o will_v be_v deceive_v in_o their_o error_n without_o scandalize_a they_o and_o which_o make_v other_o to_o understand_v his_o meaning_n for_o the_o proverb_n be_v that_o the_o eye_n must_v be_v rub_v only_o with_o the_o elbow_n when_o it_o be_v sore_o to_o signify_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v touch_v at_o all_o he_o have_v intimate_v that_o there_o be_v no_o claw_n of_o the_o elk_n which_o infallible_o cure_v the_o epilepsy_n by_o say_v that_o there_o be_v none_o but_o that_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o the_o elk_n can_v put_v into_o its_o ear_n that_o can_v do_v it_o for_o he_o add_v this_o impossible_a qualification_n to_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o author_n do_v mention_n and_o which_o be_v very_o difficult_a but_o absolute_o necessary_a as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o make_v this_o remedy_n operate_v as_o to_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o one_o blow_n of_o a_o hatchet_n the_o animal_n be_v alive_a on_o st._n giles_n day_n from_o a_o male_n which_o be_v at_o rutilio_n and_o have_v not_o yet_o engender_v to_o manifest_v that_o the_o impostor_n which_o will_v sell_v elk_n claw_n have_v add_v all_o these_o difficult_a qualification_n to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o who_o have_v experience_v the_o claw_n of_o the_o elk_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v nothing_o may_v think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o want_n of_o some_o one_o of_o those_o qualification_n which_o be_v certain_o in_o that_o which_o the_o merchant_n present_v they_o have_v make_v these_o reflection_n on_o the_o firmness_n of_o the_o ligament_n of_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o elk_n we_o observe_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o great_a canthus_n or_o corner_n of_o which_o be_v slit_v downward_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o stag_n fallow-deer_n and_o wild_a goat_n but_o after_o a_o fashion_n very_o extraordinary_a which_o be_v that_o this_o slit_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o eye_n but_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o the_o line_n which_o go_v from_o one_o of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o other_o the_o dissection_n discover_v to_o we_o that_o this_o slit_n be_v proportion_v to_o the_o glandulâ—…_n lachrymalis_fw-la which_o be_v find_v to_o contain_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o seven_o line_n in_o breadth_n the_o internal_a part_n have_v something_o resemble_v those_o of_o a_o ox_n especial_o in_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o four_o ventricles_n and_o intestine_n nevertheless_o these_o part_n have_v this_o particular_a that_o the_o first_o and_o great_a ventricle_n be_v partly_o enclose_v by_o a_o membrane_n like_o a_o sack_n which_o have_v abundance_n of_o vessel_n may_v pass_v for_o the_o epiploon_n and_o that_o instead_o of_o the_o gland_n and_o fat_a which_o be_v usual_o in_o this_o part_n there_o be_v only_o towards_o the_o top_n some_o bladder_n full_a of_o wind_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o chestnut_n the_o intestine_n which_o be_v forty_o eight_o foot_n long_o have_v a_o caecum_fw-la without_o a_o appendix_n which_o be_v thirteen_o inch_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a it_o near_o resemble_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n the_o liver_n be_v small_a not_o exceed_v one_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o seven_o inch_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v whole_a without_o lobe_n and_o even_o without_o any_o appearance_n of_o the_o cleave_a which_o be_v over_o the_o cartilago_n xiphoide_v it_o be_v so_o join_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o separate_v it_o from_o its_o convex_a part_n without_o cut_v it_o it_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n and_o it_o be_v all_o over_o and_o even_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o parenchyma_n of_o a_o gray_a and_o livid_v colour_n the_o spleen_n be_v likewise_o very_o small_a be_v no_o more_o than_o eight_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o broad_a the_o substance_n of_o these_o two_o viscera_n seem_v very_o smooth_a and_o homogeneous_a but_o the_o kidney_n be_v in_o their_o external_a substance_n spot_v with_o two_o different_a colour_n which_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v rough_a like_o chagrin_n though_o to_o the_o touch_n nothing_o feel_v rugged_a they_o be_v not_o adherent_a to_o the_o loin_n by_o the_o duplicature_n of_o the_o peritoneum_fw-la but_o fasten_v only_o by_o their_o vessel_n the_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o lobe_n of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o at_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la the_o inferior_a lobe_n be_v each_o as_o big_a again_o as_o the_o superior_a the_o heart_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o five_o broad_a it_o be_v figure_n be_v point_v and_o from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n there_o be_v a_o eminence_n oblique_o turn_v like_o a_o screw_n which_o eminence_n answer_v to_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o two_o ventricles_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o fold_n of_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n upon_o the_o left_a this_o eminence_n which_o be_v scarce_o visible_a in_o the_o heart_n of_o other_o animal_n be_v extraordinary_o apparent_a in_o this_o the_o septum_fw-la and_o rest_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o environ_v the_o left_a ventricle_n have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o inch_n the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la artâ—…ria_fw-la be_v imperfect_a the_o brain_n comprehend_v the_o cerebellâ—…m_n be_v but_o four_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n the_o smallness_n of_o this_o part_n compare_v with_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v a_o inch_n long_o seem_v to_o we_o as_o a_o argument_n capable_a of_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o believe_v that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o gland_n which_o be_v about_o the_o brain_n do_v not_o receive_v from_o it_o the_o humidity_n wherewith_o they_o usual_o be_v imbue_v but_o that_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o they_o by_o the_o artery_n or_o by_o the_o nerve_n from_o which_o they_o do_v receive_v the_o matter_n whereof_o they_o do_v make_v the_o lympha_fw-la the_o curiosity_n which_o we_o have_v of_o exact_o seek_v out_o the_o ductus_n design_v to_o receive_v and_o convey_v these_o humour_n which_o must_v be_v very_o visible_a in_o a_o part_n so_o extraordinary_a large_a can_v not_o be_v satisfy_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o corruption_n of_o our_o subject_n which_o have_v be_v keep_v so_o long_o that_o all_o the_o part_n begin_v to_o dissolve_v with_o putrefaction_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la both_o be_v very_o white_a and_o firm_a enough_o notwithstanding_o the_o corruption_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v very_o sound_a in_o a_o animal_n so_o subject_a to_o some_o distemper_n who_o seat_n be_v place_v in_o the_o brain_n which_o according_a to_o cardan_n be_v cold_a moist_a and_o more_o phlegmatic_a in_o this_o animal_n than_o in_o any_o other_o the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a size_n exceed_v three_o line_n in_o length_n like_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o dromedary_n but_o its_o figure_n be_v conical_a as_o usual_o whereas_o the_o glandula_n of_o the_o dromedary_n have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o trefoil_n this_o greatness_n which_o to_o we_o seem_v very_o considerable_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o brain_n make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o those_o who_o follow_v erasistratus_n do_v attribute_n to_o the_o different_a formation_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o divers_a operation_n of_o the_o interior_a sense_n may_v fortify_v themselves_o in_o their_o opinion_n by_o some_o such_o like_a observation_n consider_v that_o lion_n bear_n and_o other_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a beast_n have_v this_o part_n so_o little_a that_o it_o be_v almost_o imperceptible_a and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o great_a in_o those_o which_o be_v timorous_a like_o the_o elk_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v so_o fearful_a that_o it_o die_v with_o fear_n when_o it_o have_v receive_v the_o least_o wound_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o never_o recover_v when_o he_o see_v the_o small_a drop_n of_o his_o own_o blood._n in_o the_o brain_n we_o likewise_o find_v another_o part_n who_o bigness_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o smell_a which_o be_v more_o exquisite_a in_o the_o elk_n than_o in_o any_o other_o animal_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o pausanias_n as_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v for_o the_o processus_n mammillare_v which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o organ_n of_o that_o sense_n be_v without_o comparison_n great_a than_o in_o any_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v be_v above_o four_o line_n in_o diameter_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o coati_fw-la mondi_n the_o low_a
the_o kidney_n which_o seem_v draw_v downward_o the_o bladder_n be_v very_o large_a and_o thick_a be_v compose_v of_o two_o coat_n which_o include_v between_o they_o a_o substance_n spongious_a and_o somewhat_o fleshy_a in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n as_o it_o have_v be_v already_o declare_v all_o the_o back_n part_n of_o it_o adhere_v to_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o epiploon_n on_o which_o it_o be_v lay_v the_o forepart_n which_o touch_v the_o peritonaeum_fw-la be_v less_o fleshy_a it_o be_v loose_a in_o this_o place_n without_o be_v join_v to_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male_n be_v long_o and_o narrow_a contain_v only_o four_o line_n in_o breadth_n and_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o length_n the_o vasa_n praeparantia_fw-la be_v fasten_v to_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o testicle_n and_o do_v form_v a_o epididymis_fw-la separate_v from_o the_o testicle_n this_o epididymis_fw-la be_v fasten_v to_o a_o ligament_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o 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foot_n in_o find_v only_o in_o animal_n which_o do_v love_n and_o dilight-in_a watery_a place_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o turkey-cock_n take_v no_o pleasure_n in_o fine_a in_o the_o exact_a description_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v of_o the_o meleagris_n it_o be_v impossible_a if_o it_o be_v the_o turkey-cock_n that_o they_o shall_v omit_v the_o remarkable_a and_o particular_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o turkey-cock_n and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o pintado_n such_o as_o be_v the_o way_n of_o display_v its_o tail_n of_o drag_v its_o wing_n against_o the_o ground_n of_o extend_v and_o suffer_v the_o comb_n on_o its_o head_n to_o hang_v of_o have_v the_o neck_n rough_a and_o whole_o void_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o have_v a_o lock_n of_o black_a hair_n at_o the_o breast_n as_o for_o what_o respect_v the_o inward_a part_n we_o find_v the_o oesophagus_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n range_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la 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from_o the_o gizzard_n be_v easy_o dry_v and_o wax_v hard_a and_o brittle_a like_o glass_n the_o intestine_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o without_o reckon_v the_o two_o caecum_n which_o be_v each_o six_o inch_n the_o duodenum_fw-la be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o other_o be_v above_o eight_o line_n the_o caecum_n be_v not_o of_o a_o uniform_a breadth_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n but_o do_v go_v enlarge_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o receive_v vessel_n therefrom_o like_o the_o other_o intestine_n there_o be_v no_o pancreas_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n which_o at_o the_o top_n have_v each_o a_o cavitie_n to_o receive_v the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o right_a side_n the_o low_a extremity_n of_o the_o lobe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o 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so_o plain_o and_o distinct_o as_o in_o the_o bustard_n arantius_n who_o have_v make_v the_o dissection_n of_o a_o bustard_n call_v these_o gland_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n carunculae_fw-la and_o say_v that_o they_o be_v round_o but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o see_v those_o gland_n only_a through_o the_o internal_a membrane_n which_o offer_v to_o view_v only_o the_o great_a end_n of_o each_o gland_n which_o be_v round_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v extend_v and_o make_v a_o point_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o other_o gland_n the_o gizzard_n be_v four_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a before_o its_o open_v it_o appear_v very_o like_a to_o the_o gizzard_n of_o hen_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o hardness_n which_o in_o hen_n proceed_v from_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o fleshey_n part_n but_o in_o all_o our_o bustard_n this_o fleshy_a part_n be_v very_o thin_a not_o exceed_v a_o line_n in_o thickness_n and_o the_o whole_a hardness_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o gizzard_n before_o 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the_o inside_n a_o cartilege_n fasten_v to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n its_o side_n be_v rough_a with_o some_o prickly_a part_n of_o a_o substance_n between_o a_o membrane_n and_o a_o cartilege_n the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v entire_a in_o some_o of_o the_o subject_n there_o be_v on_o each_o side_n a_o caruncle_n or_o red_a gland_n immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o to_o the_o carotide_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o branch_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o great_a pin_n which_o be_v very_o common_a in_o bird_n the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a big_a the_o sack_n which_o form_n the_o fleshy_a valve_n which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o bird_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v four_o line_n deep_a the_o flesh_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v four_o line_n thick_a towards_o its_o 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of_o the_o aâ—…rta_n and_o cava_fw-la be_v seat_v towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o kidney_n they_o have_v a_o epididymis_fw-la loose_a from_o the_o testicle_n which_o hang_v by_o one_o end_n it_o be_v five_o line_n long_o of_o a_o green_a colour_n the_o testicle_n be_v of_o a_o whitish-yellow_a the_o ductus_fw-la deferens_fw-la proceed_v not_o from_o the_o epididymis_fw-la but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o testicle_n from_o whence_o descend_v along_o the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ureter_n so_o that_o the_o ureter_n and_o deferens_fw-la make_v but_o one_o ductus_fw-la the_o female_n have_v testicle_n like_o those_o of_o the_o male_n except_o the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o be_v want_v immediate_o underneath_o the_o testicle_n the_o ovarrum_fw-la be_v place_v it_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a egg_n different_a in_o size_n some_o be_v as_o big_a as_o little_a pease_n other_o as_o small_a as_o rape-seed_n the_o 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regular_o range_v and_o frame_v like_o the_o end_n of_o small_a pipe_n be_v round_o and_o pierce_v through_o the_o middle_n at_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o craw_n and_o unequal_a on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a grain_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o conglomerated_a gland_n and_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o gland_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o craw_n of_o the_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n goose_n duck_n and_o several_a other_o fowl_n where_o these_o gland_n be_v see_v pierce_v only_o as_o in_o the_o ostrich_n but_o they_o be_v single_a and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o those_o call_v conglobate_v the_o membrane_n that_o coated_a the_o inside_n of_o the_o gizzard_n and_o which_o be_v easy_o separable_a therefrom_o be_v a_o line_n and_o half_a in_o thickness_n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n of_o a_o tunicle_n which_o be_v immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o gizzard_n 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this_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o in_o bird_n and_o general_o in_o all_o animal_n the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n be_v not_o perform_v only_o by_o subtle_a and_o penetrate_a spirit_n but_o also_o by_o the_o organical_a and_o mechanical_a action_n of_o the_o ventricle_n which_o compress_n and_o incessant_o beat_v the_o thing_n which_o it_o contain_v so_o that_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o animal_n which_o do_v swallow_v a_o hard_a nourishment_n without_o chew_v it_o as_o bird_n which_o live_v on_o grain_n nature_n have_v make_v their_o ventricle_n musculous_a and_o have_v give_v they_o the_o instinct_n of_o swallow_a stone_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o may_v break_v in_o their_o ventricle_n what_o other_o do_v bruise_v with_o their_o tooth_n in_o fine_a this_o affectation_n which_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n have_v of_o swallow_a stone_n have_v a_o more_o manifest_a use_n than_o that_o which_o eagle_n and_o crane_n have_v of_o put_v stone_n into_o 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be_v furnish_v with_o that_o of_o digest_v metal_n and_o stone_n reflect_v not_o on_o that_o attrition_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o copper_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o much_o less_o on_o the_o verdure_n with_o which_o all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n be_v tinge_v for_o if_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o ostrich_n have_v a_o faculty_n peculiar_a for_o digest_v of_o metal_n it_o will_v digest_v they_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o thing_n be_v digest_v which_o be_v to_o be_v melt_v and_o dissolve_v without_o suffer_v other_o change_n in_o their_o colour_n than_o to_o become_v white_a which_o proceed_v from_o the_o almost_o infinite_a little_a bubble_n which_o the_o boil_a of_o the_o fermentation_n there_o produce_v for_o this_o ebullition_n give_v a_o white_a colour_n to_o whatever_o it_o agitate_v as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o froth_n of_o ink_n which_o be_v white_a it_o be_v likewise_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o ventricle_n do_v receive_v a_o alteration_n in_o their_o substance_n without_o change_a colour_n as_o it_o be_v remark_v in_o craw-fish_n which_o be_v find_v half_o digest_v in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o fish_n with_o their_o natural_a blackness_n and_o not_o have_v that_o redness_n which_o they_o do_v acquire_v when_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n boil_v and_o alter_v they_o after_o a_o manner_n which_o be_v very_o different_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o animal_n so_o that_o the_o greeness_n which_o happen_v to_o copper_n in_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o ostrich_n can_v proceed_v from_o a_o dissolvent_a that_o it_o have_v to_o digest_v metal_n but_o there_o be_v a_o probability_n that_o the_o dissolution_n be_v there_o make_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v do_v out_o of_o this_o ventricle_n if_o the_o copper_n have_v be_v champ_v with_o herb_n or_o some_o acid_n or_o saline_a liquor_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o it_o be_v and_o which_o shall_v be_v very_o different_a from_o this_o acid_a or_o salt_n or_o else_o from_o that_o general_a dissolvent_a whatever_o it_o be_v of_o all_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o afford_v nourishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o ostrich_n be_v a_o voracious_a animal_n which_o have_v need_n of_o swallow_v some_o hard_a thing_n that_o be_v requisite_a as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o break_v its_o nourishment_n it_o misuse_v the_o instinct_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v it_o for_o that_o end_n when_o it_o swallow_n iron_n and_o especial_o copper_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o poison_n in_o its_o stomach_n instead_o of_o turn_v into_o nourishment_n and_o indeed_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o those_o who_o look_v after_o these_o animal_n in_o the_o aviary_n of_o versalle_n that_o the_o ostrich_n ostrich_n which_o do_v swallow_n much_o iron_n or_o copper_n do_v all_o dye_n present_o after_o the_o intestine_n in_o our_o subject_n be_v different_a in_o length_n although_o the_o animal_n be_v almost_o of_o the_o same_o size_n in_o one_o they_o be_v fifty_o foot_n in_o another_o forty_o two_o in_o a_o three_o thirty_o three_o in_o a_o four_o twenty_o nine_o the_o three_o small_a intestine_n have_v scarce_o more_o length_n than_o the_o colon_n and_o rectum_fw-la together_o the_o caecum_fw-la be_v double_v as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n each_o comprehend_v two_o foot_n in_o length_n more_o or_o less_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o other_o intestine_n the_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o colon_n and_o caecum_fw-la be_v uneven_a with_o some_o very_a regular_a boss_n but_o different_a in_o each_o of_o these_o intestine_n these_o boss_n be_v form_v by_o some_o leaf-like_a ligament_n which_o be_v on_o the_o inside_n almost_o the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v see_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v
towards_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o its_o action_n be_v to_o contract_v the_o thorax_n by_o close_v the_o rib_n and_o draw_v they_o downward_o each_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o be_v only_o a_o membrane_n without_o musculous_a flesh_n and_o consequent_o without_o action_n and_o serve_v only_o for_o a_o partition_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o merit_n rather_o the_o name_n of_o diaphragme_n than_o the_o two_o little_a one_o that_o be_v musculous_a and_o also_o than_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n which_o serve_v for_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o separate_v the_o upper_a belly_n from_o the_o low_a be_v principal_o employ_v by_o its_o motion_n in_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v free_a as_o be_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v violent_a and_o force_v the_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o dilatation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n each_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n be_v join_v at_o the_o top_n and_o at_o the_o fore-side_n along_o each_o rib_n of_o the_o strnum_fw-la which_o be_v very_o broad_a in_o our_o ostrich_n as_o it_o common_o be_v in_o bird_n at_o its_o backpart_n it_o join_v to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o aponeurosis_n to_o the_o vertibrae_fw-la of_o the_o back_o at_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o transverse_a diaphragme_n be_v seat_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n and_o cle_n a_o ving_z on_o the_o forepart_n to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o on_o the_o hind-part_n to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n it_o go_v to_o fasten_v itself_o to_o the_o other_o great_a diaphragme_n underneath_o it_o be_v garnish_v with_o fat_a about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n the_o lung_n be_v include_v between_o the_o rib_n and_o little_a diaphragme_n call_v by_o we_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o red_a and_o spongious_a fleshy_a part_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n they_o be_v each_o ten_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a each_o of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la enter_v into_o the_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o its_o whole_a parenchyma_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n except_o that_o all_o these_o branch_n be_v simple_o membranous_a without_o any_o cartilage_n the_o air_n pass_v into_o these_o branch_n go_v to_o the_o external_a surface_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n which_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a hole_n which_o be_v see_v through_o a_o very_a thin_a coat_n wherewith_o the_o whole_a lung_n be_v cover_v to_o enclose_v the_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o only_o through_o five_o hole_n each_o about_o five_o line_n diameter_n and_o rank_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o lung_n some_o towards_o the_o backbone_n other_o towards_o the_o sternum_n those_o hole_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sternum_n pierce_v the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bladder_n be_v oblique_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o form_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v voluntary_o retain_v in_o these_o bladder_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o by_o contract_v itself_o may_v lessen_v this_o hole_n for_o some_o use_n which_o may_v be_v conjecture_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o four_o bladder_n which_o be_v on_o each_o side_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v include_v as_o have_v be_v say_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n where_o with_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o the_o coat_n of_o each_o bladder_n be_v fasten_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bladder_n between_o which_o it_o be_v the_o five_o bladder_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o include_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o between_o the_o two_o diaphragme_n with_o the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o that_o they_o touch_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n only_o at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v pierce_v to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o lung_n in_o eagle_n and_o some_o other_o bird_n we_o find_v these_o bladder_n fasten_v by_o the_o bottom_n to_o a_o membrane_n exceed_o load_v with_o fat_a which_o enclose_v as_o in_o a_o sack_n the_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n and_o which_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o epiploon_n the_o part_n of_o this_o structure_n can_v not_o be_v so_o well_o observe_v in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenderness_n of_o the_o coat_n whereof_o these_o bladder_n be_v compose_v which_o in_o the_o ostrich_n be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o hog_n bladder_n and_o we_o find_v those_o of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n four_o time_n thick_a be_v scirrhous_n but_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a not_o to_o cut_v they_o in_o make_v the_o dissection_n and_o they_o can_v be_v well_o view_v only_o by_o keep_v they_o extend_v by_o blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la this_o knowledge_n of_o this_o structure_n give_v the_o society_n a_o occasion_n of_o make_v several_a reflection_n on_o the_o manner_n of_o respiration_n in_o general_n and_o on_o that_o particular_a to_o bird_n to_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n which_o these_o organ_n must_v have_v which_o be_v so_o different_a in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v consider_v that_o respiration_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o the_o voice_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o useful_a for_o the_o concoction_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n by_o the_o continual_a agitation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o press_v the_o lung_n fill_v with_o air_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v render_v like_o soft_a pillow_n make_v that_o they_o gentle_o squeeze_v out_o not_o only_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o their_o vessel_n and_o push_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n but_o do_v also_o compress_v the_o other_o vessel_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n to_o favour_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o violent_a action_n where_o the_o retention_n of_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o make_v the_o blood_n to_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o face_n but_o the_o manner_n whereby_o respiration_n be_v accomplish_v by_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n do_v evident_o demonstrate_v the_o verity_n of_o this_o use_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n for_o inspiration_n be_v perform_v when_o the_o thorax_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o sternum_n which_o render_v its_o capacity_n more_o ample_a and_o by_o the_o relaxation_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o likewise_o diminish_v the_o capacity_n because_o that_o it_o make_v it_o to_o mount_v on_o high_a and_o take_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o thorax_n now_o this_o relaxation_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n passive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o powerful_a effort_n that_o expiration_n require_v because_o that_o the_o air_n enclose_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o action_n which_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n do_v cause_n in_o respiration_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o force_v the_o diaphragme_n downward_o if_o not_o thrust_v upward_o by_o some_o power_n which_o act_n strong_o in_o expiration_n this_o power_n be_v double_a one_o be_v that_o of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la which_o after_o have_v be_v draw_v and_o extend_v in_o the_o inspiration_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n descend_v downward_o do_v afterward_o draw_v the_o same_o centre_n upward_o as_o do_v spring_n which_o after_o have_v be_v force_v return_n to_o its_o first_o state_n by_o a_o action_n which_o galen_n call_v natural_a and_o which_o be_v not_o volentary_a like_o that_o of_o the_o muscle_n so_o that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o the_o involuntary_a retraction_n which_o happen'_v to_o the_o part_n by_o muscle_n who_o antagonist_n have_v be_v cut_v the_o other_o power_n which_o make_v the_o diaphragme_n to_o ascend_v be_v that_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o antagonist_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n when_o they_o do_v compress_v whatever_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o diaphragme_n for_o
by_o this_o action_n make_v the_o liver_n ventricle_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n to_o rise_v up_o they_o force_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n upward_o which_o afterward_o descend_v when_o by_o its_o proper_a action_n which_o be_v extension_n it_o again_o take_v the_o strait_a and_o flat_a figure_n which_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o fibre_n do_v give_v it_o this_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n on_o the_o viscera_n be_v so_o powerful_a that_o the_o ventricle_n have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v push_v into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o thorax_n when_o the_o diaphragme_n have_v receive_v a_o great_a wound_n as_o paraeus_n sennertus_n and_o hildanâ—…s_n do_v testify_v by_o these_o action_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n on_o the_o viscera_n make_v they_o to_o ascend_v and_o of_o that_o of_o the_o diaphragme_n make_v they_o afterward_o to_o descend_v and_o by_o the_o continuity_n of_o these_o alternate_a motion_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o respiration_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o the_o humour_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a venture_n what_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o its_o ventricles_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o this_o compression_n and_o agitation_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o chyle_n as_o that_o of_o the_o heart_n serve_v to_o force_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n but_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o chyle_n by_o the_o division_n attenuation_n and_o mixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o food_n which_o this_o continual_a agitation_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v these_o action_n which_o be_v essential_o necessary_a for_o life_n and_o which_o must_v be_v porform_v in_o bird_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v there_o also_o perform_v by_o respiration_n although_o with_o different_a organ_n for_o though_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o those_o bird_n that_o have_v it_o musculous_a or_o at_o least_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o ostrich_n have_v some_o tension_n and_o relaxation_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o lung_n and_o its_o bladder_n be_v compress_v it_o have_v not_o that_o motion_n which_o it_o have_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n by_o which_o the_o viscera_n be_v sometime_o force_v upward_o sometime_o downward_o and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n can_v compress_v they_o but_o very_o feeble_o because_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o sternum_n who_o size_n must_v be_v exceed_o great_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v rise_v to_o the_o great_a muscle_n which_o do_v draw_v the_o wing_n downward_o the_o force_n of_o these_o muscle_n be_v unable_a to_o answer_v the_o powerful_a action_n of_o flight_n if_o they_o be_v less_o so_o that_o this_o weakness_n of_o the_o museles_a of_o the_o low_a venture_n and_o diaphragme_n must_v be_v supply_v in_o bird_n by_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v alternate_o fill_v and_o empty_v in_o their_o respiration_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o act_n be_v thus_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v dilate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n the_o air_n enter_v into_o the_o lung_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o the_o lung_n into_o the_o bladder_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o it_o enter_v only_o into_o those_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o thorax_n because_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o by_o dilate_v the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a belly_n can_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o for_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v then_o that_o they_o shrink_v and_o that_o the_o air_n which_o they_o contain_v re-enter_v into_o the_o lung_n but_o when_o afterward_o the_o thorax_n be_v compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n lock_v up_o in_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v thereby_o squeeze_v out_o one_o part_n go_v out_o through_o the_o larynx_n the_o other_o enter_v into_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o swell_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v evacuate_v and_o afterward_o when_o the_o upper_a bladder_n be_v fill_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o thorax_n they_o do_v receive_v not_o only_o the_o outward_a air_n through_o the_o larynx_n but_o also_o that_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o be_v compress_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v dilate_v and_o this_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o coat_n do_v return_v into_o their_o first_o state_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o spring_n as_o because_o that_o the_o viscera_n which_o have_v be_v force_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o bladder_n do_v in_o their_o turn_n force_v they_o aid_v by_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n notwithstanding_o their_o smallness_n this_o make_v a_o reciprocation_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o impulsion_n which_o supply_v the_o potent_a action_n produce_v by_o the_o great_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n this_o action_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n be_v plain_o see_v when_o they_o be_v dissect_v alive_a we_o have_v make_v the_o experiment_n thereof_o in_o great_a bird_n as_o goose_n and_o turkeycock_n in_o which_o have_v open_v the_o low_a belly_n without_o hurt_v the_o bladder_n which_o be_v there_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v depress_v in_o the_o expiration_n the_o low_a bladder_n do_v swell_v and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v dilate_v for_o inspiration_n they_o do_v shrink_v this_o particular_a manner_n which_o bird_n have_v in_o their_o respiration_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v after_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n for_o these_o bellow_n have_v a_o double_a capacity_n to_o receive_v the_o air._n the_o first_o be_v that_o underneath_o which_o receive_v the_o air_n when_o the_o bellows_o be_v open_v and_o this_o capacity_n represent_v the_o upper_a bladder_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n the_o second_o capacity_n be_v that_o above_o which_o represent_v the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n for_o when_o the_o inferior_a capacity_n be_v contract_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o bellows_o the_o air_n which_o it_o have_v receive_v enter_v through_o a_o hole_n with_o which_o it_o be_v pierce_v and_o pass_v into_o the_o upper_a capacity_n so_o that_o the_o air_n forcible_o thrust_v do_v enlarge_v this_o capacity_n by_o make_v the_o upper_a board_n to_o rise_v this_o hole_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a board_n between_o they_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o diaphragme_n between_o the_o two_o capacity_n that_o compose_v the_o bellows_o which_o be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n in_o that_o their_o situation_n be_v different_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o do_v first_o receive_v the_o air_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a part_n in_o bird_n and_o in_o the_o inferior_a in_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n the_o society_n have_v likewise_o make_v on_o several_a other_o bird_n some_o remark_n concern_v the_o respiration_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o description_n the_o heart_n be_v almost_o round_o be_v six_o inch_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n and_o five_o in_o breadth_n bird_n have_v it_o general_o long_o in_o proportion_n the_o auricles_n be_v small_a and_o the_o ventricles_n great_a the_o aperture_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v very_o large_a without_o any_o valve_n there_o be_v only_o as_o it_o be_v a_o sack_n who_o side_n which_o be_v a_o partition_n between_o its_o cavity_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v serve_v for_o a_o valve_n which_o may_v be_v call_v sigmoide_v this_o structure_n be_v common_a to_o the_o heart_n of_o bird_n the_o other_o valve_n be_v in_o the_o other_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o usual_o the_o aorta_n descede_v along_o the_o right_a side_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o capsula_fw-la form_v by_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o skull_n be_v soft_a in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n we_o find_v a_o fracture_n naturallist_n have_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o ostrich_n fear_v any_o danger_n it_o think_v itself_o in_o safety_n when_o it_o have_v hide_v its_o head._n the_o cerebrum_fw-la with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v but_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o twenty_o line_n broad_a the_o dura_n mater_n divide_v not_o the_o brain_n in_o two_o by_o that_o large_a production_n call_v the_o falx_n
region_n be_v destitute_a for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o bird_n which_o do_v never_o rise_v very_o high_a into_o the_o air_n who_o lung_n have_v notwithstanding_o these_o bladder_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v retain_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a many_o that_o have_v wing_n which_o they_o use_v not_o for_o fly_v and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o part_n in_o animal_n which_o have_v not_o any_o use_n in_o certain_a species_n and_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o whole_a genus_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v a_o important_a use_n in_o some_o of_o the_o species_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o in_o several_a kind_n of_o animal_n the_o male_n have_v teat_n like_o the_o female_n that_o mole_n have_v eye_n ostrich_n and_o cassowar_n wing_n and_o that_o land-tortoise_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o agree_v only_o with_o water-tortoise_n as_o it_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tortoise_n however_o it_o be_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v serve_v to_o this_o retention_n because_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o hole_n which_o they_o have_v to_o give_v entrance_n into_o the_o pouch_n be_v most_o in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o voluntary_a constriction_n and_o relaxation_n and_o moreover_o this_o retention_n of_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_a in_o the_o chameleon_n which_o have_v lung_n of_o a_o structure_n like_o that_o of_o bird_n for_o we_o have_v remark_v that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o swell_v as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o this_o posture_n although_o the_o reciprocation_n of_o the_o respiration_n cease_v not_o from_o go_v its_o usual_a pace_n as_o if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n this_o animal_n do_v retain_v the_o air_n in_o some_o of_o the_o bladder_n viz._n in_o those_o who_o aperture_n be_v in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o that_o in_o the_o other_o it_o leave_v a_o free_a egress_n and_o entrance_n to_o the_o air_n for_o respiration_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o great_a diaphragme_n there_o be_v a_o membrane_n which_o like_o a_o mediastinum_fw-la descend_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n and_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o ligament_n to_o suspend_v the_o heart_n liver_n ventricle_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v separable_a from_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n each_o have_v their_o particular_a tunicle_n these_o tunicle_n be_v join_v together_o make_v double_a and_o not_o single_a partition_n the_o second_o bladder_n have_v two_o hole_n the_o four_o descend_v not_o so_o low_a as_o in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o sternum_fw-la be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n great_a than_o ordinary_a this_o bladder_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a as_o in_o bird_n which_o have_v the_o sternum_n big_a which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o use_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o this_o four_o bladder_n and_o which_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ostrich_n now_o the_o sternum_n be_v proportionable_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o ostrich_n because_o that_o the_o muscle_n design_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o which_o it_o give_v rise_v be_v very_o small_a and_o proportion_v to_o the_o wing_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o a_o inch_n broad_a towards_o its_o basis._n it_o be_v fleshy_a valve_n make_v a_o sack_n that_o be_v but_o one_o line_n deep_a the_o tongue_n measure_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o eight_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v indent_v all_o round_a like_o a_o cock_n comb_n aldrovandus_n have_v say_v that_o the_o cassowar_n have_v neither_o wing_n nor_o tongue_n instead_o of_o say_v that_o these_o part_n be_v of_o a_o structure_n altogether_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o bird._n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v very_o big_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o cornea_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a diameter_n and_o the_o cornea_n but_o three_o line_n the_o crystalline_a be_v four_o the_o black_a purse_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v as_o usual_o in_o other_o bird_n in_o this_o subject_a we_o apply_v ourselves_o exact_o to_o remark_n what_o belong_v to_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o bird_n and_o in_o those_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o particularity_n of_o the_o admirable_a structure_n of_o this_o eyelid_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v distinct_o discover_v the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o of_o which_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o contrivance_n because_o we_o understand_v they_o only_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o we_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o we_o here_o treat_v of_o a_o machine_n all_o the_o part_n whereof_o be_v visible_a and_o which_o need_v only_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o action_n this_o internal_a eyelid_n in_o bird_n be_v a_o membranous_a part_n which_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o cornea_n when_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o it_o like_o a_o curtain_n by_o a_o little_a cord_n or_o tendon_n and_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o again_o into_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n to_o uncover_v the_o cornea_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o very_a strong_a ligament_n that_o it_o have_v and_o which_o in_o draw_v it_o back_o towards_o their_o origine_fw-la do_v fold_v it_o up_o it_o make_v a_o triangle_n when_o extend_v and_o it_o have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_a when_o fold_v up_o it_o be_v basis_n which_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la be_v towards_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la form_n when_o it_o be_v flat_v before_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o its_o anteriour_a part_n which_o be_v flat_a and_o on_o which_o the_o cornea_n be_v raise_v make_v a_o convexitie_n this_o basis_n which_o be_v the_o part_n immovable_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la do_v take_v up_o more_o than_o a_o three_o of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la the_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o which_o be_v movable_a be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o border_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o tarsus_n and_o which_o be_v black_a in_o most_o quadruped_n this_o side_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v that_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o into_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o whole_a eyelid_n which_o part_v from_o its_o origine_fw-la proceed_v to_o join_v themselves_o to_o its_o tarsus_n to_o extend_v this_o eyelid_n over_o the_o cornea_n there_o be_v two_o muscle_n that_o be_v see_v when_o the_o six_o be_v take_v away_o which_o serve_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a eye_n we_o find_v that_o the_o great_a of_o these_o two_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o very_a edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la towards_o the_o great_a corner_n from_o whence_o the_o eyelid_n take_v its_o original_n it_o be_v very_o fleshy_a in_o its_o beginning_n which_o be_v a_o large_a basis_n from_o whence_o come_v insensible_o to_o contract_v itself_o by_o pass_v under_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n like_v as_o the_o eyelid_n pass_v over_o it_o it_o approach_v the_o optic_a nerve_n where_o it_o produce_v a_o tendon_n round_o and_o slender_a so_o that_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o other_o muscle_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o poultry_n and_o which_o hinder_v it_o from_o press_v the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v and_o make_v a_o angle_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o come_v out_o from_o underneath_o the_o eye_n to_o insert_v itself_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o make_v the_o internal_a eyelid_n this_o second_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o same_o circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la but_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o eye_n like_o the_o other_o go_v to_o meet_v it_o and_o embrace_v its_o tendon_n as_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o action_n of_o these_o two_o muscle_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o first_o to_o draw_v by_o mean_n of_o its_o cord_n or_o tendon_n the_o corner_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n and_o to_o extend_v it_o over_o the_o cornea_n as_o to_o the_o
second_o muscle_n its_o action_n be_v by_o make_v its_o tendon_n to_o approach_v towards_o its_o origine_fw-la to_o hinder_v the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o it_o embrace_v from_o hurt_v the_o optic_a nerve_n but_o its_o principal_a use_n be_v to_o assist_v the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n and_o it_o be_v herein_o that_o the_o mechanism_n be_v marvellous_a in_o this_o structure_n which_o make_v that_o these_o two_o muscle_n join_v together_o do_v draw_v much_o far_a than_o if_o it_o have_v but_o one_o for_o the_o inflexion_n of_o the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o make_v a_o angle_n on_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v make_v only_o for_o this_o end_n and_o a_o single_a muscle_n with_o a_o strait_a tendon_n have_v be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o have_v power_n to_o draw_v far_o enough_o but_o the_o traction_n which_o must_v make_v the_o eyelid_n to_o extend_v over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n be_v necessary_o great_a it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o a_o very_a long_a muscle_n and_o such_o a_o muscle_n not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o eye_n all_o its_o length_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n than_o to_o supply_v the_o action_n of_o a_o long_a muscle_n by_o that_o of_o two_o indifferent_a one_o and_o by_o bend_v one_o of_o they_o to_o give_v it_o the_o great_a length_n in_o a_o little_a space_n the_o inspection_n of_o the_o figure_n will_v serve_v great_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o description_n which_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o thing_n render_v obscure_a in_o itself_o the_o use_n of_o this_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o till_o now_o have_v be_v describe_v by_o no_o person_n be_v not_o determine_v our_o opinion_n be_v that_o it_o serve_v to_o clean_a the_o cornea_n and_o to_o hinder_v that_o by_o dry_v it_o grow_v not_o less_o transparent_a man_n and_o the_o ape_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a animal_n where_o we_o have_v not_o find_v this_o eyelid_n have_v not_o want_v this_o precaution_n for_o the_o cleanse_v their_o eye_n because_o that_o they_o have_v hand_n with_o which_o they_o may_v by_o rub_v their_o eyelid_n express_v the_o humidity_n which_o they_o contain_v and_o which_o they_o let_v out_o through_o the_o ductus_fw-la lacrymalis_n which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n when_o the_o sight_n be_v darken_v or_o when_o the_o eye_n suffer_v any_o pain_n or_o itch_a for_o these_o accident_n do_v cease_v when_o the_o eye_n be_v rub_v but_o the_o dissection_n have_v distinct_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o organ_n which_o do_v particular_o serve_v for_o this_o use_n and_o which_o be_v otherwise_o in_o bird_n than_o in_o man_n where_o the_o ductus_fw-la pass_v not_o beyond_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n for_o in_o bird_n it_o go_v beyond_o and_o penetrate_v above_o half_a way_n on_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n it_o be_v open_v underneath_o upon_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v evident_o do_v to_o spread_v a_o liquor_n over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n when_o this_o eyelid_n pass_v and_o repass_n as_o we_o observe_v it_o to_o do_v every_o moment_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tortoise_n this_o tortoise_n have_v several_a particularity_n which_o do_v render_v it_o different_a from_o those_o that_o we_o have_v in_o france_n it_o be_v shell_n be_v not_o flat_a but_o very_o convex_a it_o have_v but_o one_o shell_n to_o cover_v its_o back_n and_o belly_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o horn_n at_o the_o end_n its_o paw_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o scales_n but_o with_o a_o skin_n wrinkle_a like_o spanish_a leather_n its_o claw_n be_v not_o sharp_a but_o blunt_a and_o half_o wear_v away_o and_o its_o jaw_n tooth_v like_o a_o saw._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o liver_n a._n a_o little_a lobe_n which_o cover_v the_o bladder_n b._n the_o bladder_n c._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n d._n the_o right_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la e_o f_o g._n the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n e._n the_o left_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la f._n the_o isthmus_n by_o which_o the_o left_a and_o right_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v join_v together_o g._n the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n h_o h._n the_o right_a vena_fw-la cava_fw-la i_o i._n the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la l._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o rami_n hepatici_n m_o m._n the_o kidney_n n_o n._n the_o venae_fw-la emulgentes_fw-la to_o which_o be_v fasten_v two_o gland_n o_o o._n the_o testicle_n p_o p._n the_o epididymides_n proceed_v from_o the_o kidney_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o testicle_n by_o little_a ductus_n q_o q._n the_o ureter_n r_o r._n the_o bladder_n open_v s._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n open_v offer_v to_o the_o sight_n two_o carunculae_fw-la which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ureter_n and_o two_o other_o which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o deferentia_fw-la t_o t._n two_o hole_n which_o be_v of_o the_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o spongious_a ligament_n compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n v_o v._n a_o large_a muscle_n which_o include_v the_o rectum_fw-la and_o penis_n x_o x._o two_o other_o muscle_n of_o the_o penis_n which_o be_v interlace_v with_o two_o other_o mark_v y_o y._n y._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la z._n the_o great_a circular_a appendix_n δ._n the_o little_a appendix_n with_o its_o two_o button_n φ_n φ._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la cut_v lengthwise_o to_o discover_v the_o body_n if_o the_o penis_n θ._n a_o aperture_n between_o the_o two_o ligament_n on_o which_o abutt_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n φ._n the_o penis_n cut_v a_o cross_n to_o discover_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o two_o ligament_n mark_v ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr and_o the_o cavity_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o urethra_n mark_v Ï€._n ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω._n the_o great_a ductus_n of_o the_o lung_n ξ_n ξ_n ξ._n the_o bladder_n open_v into_o the_o ductus_n λ_n λ._n the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n see_v on_o the_o side_n which_o touch_v the_o backbone_n 1._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 2._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o right_n vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 3._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n form_v two_o cross_n 4._o the_o left_a aorta_n 5._o the_o right_a aorta_n 6._o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o two_o aortas_n 7_o 7._o the_o carotide_n 8._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n 9_o 9_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v discharge_v into_o the_o axillare_v 10._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o stomach_n 11._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o liver_n pancreas_n spleen_n etc._n etc._n 12._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o intestine_n 13._o the_o heart_n in_o its_o natural_a situation_n 14._o the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n 15._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n open_v to_o show_v its_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n 16._o 16._o the_o heart_n out_o of_o its_o 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the_o three_o pigeon_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n i._o southby_n at_o the_o harrow_n in_o cornhill_n and_o w._n canning_n in_o the_o temple_n mdclxxxviii_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n article_n i._n the_o attempt_n to_o determine_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o new_a many_o ancient_a author_n have_v make_v themselves_o famous_a by_o this_o enquiry_n but_o the_o most_o memorable_a attempt_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o the_o arabian_n thus_o record_v by_o their_o geographer_n a_o great_a face_n circle_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o part_n as_o we_o also_o suppose_v those_o in_o the_o heaven_n ptolemy_n author_n of_o the_o almage_a and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v observe_v what_o space_n upon_o the_o earth_n contain_v one_o of_o these_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o have_v find_v it_o to_o contain_v 66â…”_n miles_n those_o which_o succeed_v they_o willing_a to_o satisfy_v themselves_o by_o their_o 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like_o a_o pen._n β._n the_o vermiforme_a apophysis_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la γ._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la raise_v and_o turn_v backward_o δ_n δ_n the_o brain_n divide_v in_o two_o after_o have_v cut_v the_o small_a fibre_n which_o join_v the_o two_o part_n ε_n ζ._n the_o upper_a ventricles_n in_o which_o be_v see_v the_o lacis_fw-la choroide_v mark_v ζ._n ι._n the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la bend_v a_o little_a backward_o out_o of_o its_o place_n λ_n λ._n two_o swell_n situate_v under_o the_o brain_n they_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v mark_v x_o x._o μ._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la ν._n the_o four_o sinus_n δ._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o a_o feather_n view_v with_o the_o microscope_n 11._o 22._o two_o of_o the_o filament_n whereof_o the_o less_o beard_n of_o the_o feather_n be_v compose_v here_o be_v represent_v only_o the_o beginning_n the_o rest_n