Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	blood_n	great_a	lung_n	2,098	5	11.1885	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61885	Legends no histories, or, A specimen of some animadversions upon The history of the Royal Society wherein, besides the several errors against common literature, sundry mistakes about the making of salt-petre and gun-powder are detected and rectified : whereunto are added two discourses, one of Pietro Sardi and another of Nicolas Tartaglia relating to that subject, translated out of Italian : with a brief account of those passages of the authors life ... : together with the Plus ultra of Mr. Joseph Glanvill reduced to a non-plus, &c. / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.; Tartaglia, Niccolò, d. 1557. Quesiti et inventioni diverse. Libro 3. English.; Sardi, Pietro, b. 1559? Artiglieria. English. Selections.; Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676. Plus ultra reduced to a non plus.; Henshaw, Thomas, 1618-1700.	1670 (1670)	Wing S6053; Wing S6063_PARTIAL; ESTC R21316	289,570	380

cunctatio longa est A sober Physician will look upon the act to be as indiscreet as the Comedian describes love to be Quaeres in se neque consilium neque modum habet ullum eam consilio regere non potes That there is no probability that this way of Medicine can ever amount to any thing appears from this consideration that Liquors immediately injected into the blood have a different Operation there then when taken in by the Stomach and that the mixtures of Liquors with blood upon Phlebotomy in a Pottinger gives no light to the Experiment As I shall now shew Seignior Fracassati Professor of Anatomy at Pisa tried these Experiments by injecting Medicaments 1. Having injected into the jugular and crural veins of a Dog some Aqua fortis diluted the Animal died presently and being opened all the blood in the vessels was coagulated and fixed but that which was in the Viscera which I dare not English Guts but take it to denote the Heart Liver Lungs Spleen where the blood passes extravasated through though the Transactions render it Guts and destroy the antithesis betwixt vasa and viscera did not so easily coagulate It was also observed that the great vessels were burst or as it were cut asunder yet have I known who hath put Aqua fortis into cooling Iuleps in Fevers as others do spirit of Vitriol without ●ny harm 2. There was also infused into another Dog some spirit of Vitriol which had not so present an effect for the Animal complained a great while and foamed like Epilepticks and had its respiration very thick and observing the beating of his breast one might easily judge the Dog suffered much who dying at last his blood was found fixed in the veins and grumous resembling Soot whereas in the Experiment with Aqua fortis which may as easily be given inwardly as spirit of Nitre the blood is not said to have been changed in its colour from other coagulated blood It was also observabl● tho●gh the Transactions minde it not that the blood in this last Dog was not upon coagulation continuous in the veins but broken and severed into parcels 3. There was also injected into the jugular of another dog some oyle of Sulphu● per campanam but he died not of it though this inf●sion was several times tried on him And the wound being closed and the dog l●t go he went into all the corners of the room searching for meat and having found some bones he fell to gnawing them with a strange avidity as if this Liquor had caused in him a great appetite 4. Another dog into whose veins some Oyle of Tartar per deliquium was injected did not escape so well for he complained much and was altogether swoln and then died ●eing o●ened the Spectators were surprised to finde his blood not curdled but on the contrary more thin and florid then ordinary 5. Dr. Lower having extracted half a pound of blood out of the crural urine of a Mastiff dog did inject the like quantity of warm milk into him within half an hour the dog became very sick breathed with difficulty and seemed to labour much with his heart and diaphragme and after to palpitate tremble and sigh grievously and at length miserably died Upon dissection he found the vena cava the ventricles of the heart the vessels of the Lungs and the Aorta full of blood and milk coagulated together and the concretion was so hard that it was not easie to part it This he tried but once But Monsieur Dennys the French Physician saith he tried it with a different success For having syringed about a quarter of a pint of milk into the veins of an Animal he tells not what and having opened the same some time after he found the milk so perfectly mixed with the blood that there was not any place in which appeared the least footstep of the whiteness of the milk and all the blood was generally more liquid and less apt to coagulate 6. I received an account of some Experiments from one much versed in these injections which he may one day acquaint the world with to this effect That the infusion of Crocus Metallorum injected in a less quantity then otherwise viz● ℥ ss semis will work by vomit in a dog almost presently and very strangely and make him grievously sick Yet Dr. Wren informs Mr. Boyle that a moderate dose of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum did not much move the dog that he injected it into but a large dose of two ounces or more wrought soon and so violently that he vomited up life and all That a dog will take two drams of Opium into his Stomack and seem never the worse if you keep him from lying down half an hour after but two drams of Poppy-seeds made into an Emulsion and injected into his veins will kill him presently 7. Mr. Boyle saith that he conveyed a small dose of the tincture of Opium into a dog this way which began to work so speedily upon the brain that he was scarce untied before the Opium began to disclose its Narcotick quality and almost as soon as he was upon his feet he began to nod with his head and reel and faulter in his place but being kept awake and in motion by whipping up and down the Garden after some time he came to himself again and not only recovered but began to grow fat so manifestly that 't was admired 8. A certain German Count coming into England relates an Experiment which he saw in the presence of Pr. Rupert After some blood taken from a dog there was injected into him a small quantity portiuncula of Spanish wine within sometime after the dog was perfectly drunk being giddy performing sundry ridiculous actions then vomiting with a profound sleep 9 Dr. Fabricius Physician to the City of Dantzick injected purgatives into humane bodies with this effect A strong bodied Souldier being dangerously infected with the Pox and having grievous protuberations of the bones in his armes two drams of a purgative liquor were injected he presently complained of great pains in his elbows and the little valves of his arm did swell so visibly that it was necessary by a great compression on 's fingers to stroke up that swelling towards the Patients shoulders● Some four hours after it began to work not very troublesomely and so it did the next day in so much that the man had five good stools with it Without any other remedies those protuberances were gone nor are there any footsteps of the disease left Two other trials were made upon women the one a married woman of 35 the other a Servant-maid of 20 years old both from the birth had been grievously troubled with Epileptick Fits so that there was little hopes of curing them There was injected into their veins a laxative rosin dissolved in an Antiepileptical spirit the first of these had gentle stools some hours after the injection

blood dilating the Heart and issuing out thorough the valves of the Aorta and Pulmonique Artery at the same instant which is pure ●artesianism He holds that the Blood comes up from the veins to the Heart and there acquires the last Perfection and becomes vital and spirituous in the mention of the Arterious Blood he useth indifferently the termes of Blood spirit and natural heat which I desire may be observed lest the proofs seem not full enough and he be construed to speak of nothing but spirits and natural heat in the Arteries He saith that this Blood having acquired its Perfection in its passage through both the ventricles is distributed through all the parts of the body for its nutriment by the Arteries in which Arteries there is such a constant quantity of Blood that the effervency of that in the Heart impells the whole continuation of the Arteries so that they beat all at once Cum enim pulsatio Cordis Arteriarum sit accidens quoddam quod ex necessitate insequitur humoris in corde effervescentiam qua sanguinis generatio per ficitur ut in caeteris quae igne elixantur accidit lib. de vita mort c. 2. intumescente corde necesse est simul omnes Arterias dilatari in quas derivatur fervor non enim repleri pot●st una pars quin totum fiat majus ubi non omni ex parte vasa quae continua sunt fuerint exinanita Nam nullo intus existente corpore non contingit simul repleri principium extrema cum motus non fiat in instanti existente autem per totos canales aliquo spiritu simul ac in principio alius fuerit genitus necesse est totum simul dilatari unum enim sit spiritus accedens cum toto Cum ergo totum reddatur majus simul ac accesserit pars non potest una pars dilatari quin eodem tempore dilatetur totum Est autem veluti totum quoddam Arteriae omnes cum corde Continuum enim est vas sanguinis perfecti Spiritu autem efflante inhabitum corporis distributo particulis sanguine necesse est tumorem vasorum desidere quae est pulsus contractio Continue autem hoc fit quia continua est partium nutritio continua sanguinis generatio in corde Elevatio igitur Spiritus a calore fit non tamen temere sed alicujus gratia Nam sine hujusmodi amplificatione non fieret distributio alimenti in omnes partes He plants a kind of Flammula cordis or fire in the heart which causeth the ebullition and imprints a spirituousness in the blood that issueth out into the Arteries Hujusmodi locus Cor est in quo secundum Naturam elementum praeparatum ardere possit fieri spiritus venae alimentum supp●ditant Arteriae flammae spiritum recipiunt He ●aith that the Blood moves towards the Heart as the Oyle to the flame of the burning Lamp and that the Valves as the orifice of the Vena Cava which immit the blood are placed there to moderate the source of the blood lest it should fall in too fast extinguish the vital fire and that the valves at the entrance of the Aorta do flie open upon the effervescency of the blood by the pressure of it every way to get more room it finding no out-let but by those yielding valves which were so placed lest upon any accident or violent passion the arterious blood should regurgitate into the Heart Motus fit ex venis in Cor caliditate alimentum trahente ex corde autem in arterias quia hac solum patet iter propter membranarum positionem positae autem sunt hoc modo membranae he unquam contingeret contrarium motum fieri quod accidere posset in vehementibus animi perturbationibus aut aliis causis a quibus sanguinis retractio fit ad Cor Obsistunt enim huic motui membranae Nam si hoc modo condite non essent ignis cordis vel levi causa extingueretur Si enim motus f●eret contrarius simile esset ac si flamma compingeretur deorsum ad alimentum● quod ●um minime sit praeparatum aut copiosius qu●m 〈…〉 ignem s●ffocat Oportet enim alimentum praeparari 〈…〉 disp●●s●ri ad locum flammae He saith th● 〈…〉 blood or spirit is distributed into all parts of the body ● with great celerity and that it is that which nourisheth the parts and that upon its diffusion into the habit of the body the spirits are very much exhausted and the corpulent part of the aliment doth remain being coagulated partly by heat and partly by cold He saith that the variety of the pulse as to strength or debility celerity and slowness depends upon the nature of the vi●●l fire the nature of the aliment with which it is fed and sometimes upon the particular Fabrick or conformation of the Heart in which that Fire is seated He placeth Anastomoses betwixt the veins and arteries every where in the body Osculorum communio est non solum in corde sed etiam per totum venerum arteriarum ductum He saith that the blood is never extravasated but where it is aggregated to any part by way of nourishment or else it putrifies he doth not understand how it should not coagulate if once extravasated nor can he comprehend how it should be reassumed into the veins in such a case Venam continuam esse oportet usque ad cordis ventriculos ut inde omnis virtus descendat nec ullibi contingit disjunctam esse sanguis enim calore cordis destitutus concrescit tandem putrescit He makes the Blood to pass betwixt the right and left ventricle of the Heart partly by the Lungs and partly by the Septum Cordis Pulchre igitur condita sunt omnia Cum enim fervere oporteret in corde sanguinem ul fieret alimenti perfectio primo quidem in dextro ventriculo in quo crassior adhuc continetur sanguis deinde autem in sinistro ubi sincerior sang●is est partim per medium septum partim per medios pulmones refrigerationis gratia ex dextro in sinis●rum mittitur Interim autem pulmo abunde nutriri potest totum enim eum sanguinem absumere quem recipit egreditur fines rationis Non enim rara esset ejus substantia levis ut videtur si tantum alimenti vim in suam naturam converteret This he thus ●urther explains Pulmo per venam arteriis similem ex dextro cordis ventriculo fervidum hauriens sanguinem eumque per anastomosin arteriae ●enal●●●●de●s quae in sinistrum 〈◊〉 ventriculum tendit transmisso interim aere frigido per asperae arteriae canales qui juxta arteriam venalem pro●enduntur non tamen osculis communicantes ut pulavit Galenus solo tactu temperat Huic Sanguinis Circulationi ex dextro cordis ventriculo per pulmones in sinis●rum ejusdem ventriculum optime respondent ea guae ex disse●●i●ne apparent

cat as do those excr●ments which differ much from those of men though both eat the same meat Sicut acidus spiritus quilibet animam inseparabiliter in ventre suo portat atque in illud corpus cui infunditur dominium suscipit illudque confestim juxta sui naturam format hinc spiritus salis in Alcali Tartari fusus statim sibi format corpus salinum propriae naturae consentaneum fit sal aceti spiritus vel acetum distillatum in eodem Alcali tartari sibi format corpus adaequatum suae propriae naturae fit tartarus vini sic de vitriolo reliquis acidis Ita quoque acidum Stomachi humani cum apprehendit panem vel quicquam alibile in quod dominari possit illud convertit commutat in chylum exinde in carnem humanam eundem panem Acidum Stomachi canini convertit transmutat in carnem caninam uti de reliquis viventibus quotidie docemur eo quod natura in omnibus iisdem instrumentis operatur If the Case be such and that the blood transfused hath received those impregnations of vitality which are agreeable to the nature of the Animal whence it is transfused and is qualified to generate such nourishment and such excrements as are the consequences of those digestive characters if I may so call them and impressions How can we imagine that such blood being immediately transfused into our 〈◊〉 wi●hout those pr●vious alimental ●igillations and digestions produce those effects which are to be expected in human● bodies and are though irrationally in this case wished for But perhaps they think to atchieve their design by introducing a new texture in the vitiated blood and vessels or fermentation whereupon should ensue the amendment I perceive indeed by their stories a new fermentation that the dogs piss blood no desirable or trivial accident But what a little time is there for the blood to pass unto the heart and mix with those other Liquors and ascending blood and so to pass into the Heart and Lungs How do they know that the blood they transfuse is good Upon burning they shall finde a difference in blood of beasts and a different taste and coagulation in the Serum Besides that the blood of young Animals is generally less balsamical and inflammable of another texture and colour the Serum very saline and in a word exceeding different from what is in men and women of years And in the blood of men and women there are often defects not to be perceived but by coagulating and burning of the Serum and blood I have taken the Serum of a Maid seemingly healthful only pained at Stomach and abounding in blood it coagulated and looked like tallow and would not burn at all and smelt noisomely after coagulat●on not before I have several strange instances of this kind If there be such indiscernable causes of distempers and mixtures in blood of persons that are not well if they neither know what they aim at in transfusing in nor what they transfuse Let Mr. Glanvill talk of great Advantages to be expected and let them try it for me Sure I am that the Transactions report an Untruth in saying that Coga was ever the better for it I am told his Arm was strangely ill after it and difficulty cured and if all the great likelihood of Advantages from Transfusion that are in their present Prospect a●ise from no other grounds they are very improbable The Parliament of Pari● have forbid it to be prosecuted but by the allowance of the Parisian Facul●y of Physicians A Swedish Baron died upon it and to argue from the cures of Madmen or from what they suffer without hurt is not for a Physician but for one that deserves to be sent to Bedlam for mad people endures a thousand ill● ● and strong Physick such as others cannot endure and if they find any amendment sometimes by uncouth means it is by accident as it makes them ill which sometimes prove their recovery As for dogs they cannot declare what they suffer but I am in haste and refer my Reader to the perusal of the Histories in the Transactions in which what I last objected is all confessed and if after all I have said he find encouragement to try a remedy that hath sometimes proved not unfortunate but is always rash let him do it for me I am satisfied That the operation carries more of terror and many swoon upon bleeding then a potion or Galenical Physick and that the greatest part of our distempers do not arise from the scarcity or malignant tempers and corruption of our blood is as manifest as can be more arise from the depraved motion and redundancy of the blood and serosities in and about the brain and the laxity and strictness of the habit and pores of the body and in these cases Transfusion is no remedy much less in malignant diseases in which to let blood is often mortal commonly dangerous and it always must be antecedent to Transfusion excepting only the scarcity of blood in which case what strength is there to assimilate or ferment with the new blood As to the Transfusion of blood in Pleurisies the attempt is very ridiculous considering what an Ebullition and Inflammation of the blood there is then in the Lungs whither the transfused blood immediately flows what extravasated serosities do afflict those parts how unfit are they for any seasonable fermentation And in the Small Pox how few are they in 〈…〉 in that disease at all and ●ow 〈…〉 Tran●fusion seem which distu●bs and diverts nature in her present work what h●zard must the Patient run amidst a Fever and that violent commotion of ●umors which afflicts his head back heart and lungs at tha● time should ●e besides all other accidents fall into pis●ing of blood ● a symptom so dangerous in that disease and so usual a consequent of this Operation Having dispatched those papers thus far the length of time since they were sent to London to be transcribed perused and several insertions made according as my memory amidst a constant employment suggested any thing new unto me and the delay of the Printing till Michaelmass-Tearm gives me an opportunity to relate some Observations I made at Bath during my stay there this Summer As famous as the Bathes are and of as general an use as they are there being no better R●medy in the world for the Scurvey the● the Cross-Bath regularly pursued and as it might be I cannot say is commonly practised yet have not our Experimental Philosophers made any Inquiries into its nature and qualities not a man of them ever so much as tried the mixing of several liquors and spirits with the water as I did and found no change upon the mixture of Acid spirits but the urinous and volatile spirits of Sal Armoniack drawn the Leiden way and Harts horn did change the water of the Pump in the Gross Bath which ariseth from the hot

is so unlike any thing of Moses's and so like to the doctrine of Harvey that any man must blame Mr. Glanvill for rashness of what he says The words are thus set down by Riolanus and I have not the Original by me to consult Cum coelestia corpora circulariter moveantur inferiera corpora motum illum imitari debent cumque Oceanus fluxu refluxu moveatur ab influxu Lunari similiter humores ●●lem motum habere necessum est Which words seem clear enough so as to justifie the Epiphonema of my Author in opposition to our Virtuoso Quid ista significant nisi sanguinis Circulationem He that would be informed more fully about the judgement of the Ancients whether there be any thing in them that discovers the Circulation of the blood to have been known unto them or that they were not totally ignorant and without any apprehensions of it let him reade the first letter of Walaeus and the several Pieces of Ioannes Riolanus about the Circulation of the blood and the disputations of Vander Linden about the Circulation of the blood in which he vindicates it in a prolixe discours unto Hippocrates I wil not trouble my self to transcribe them It is evident that all men do give unto Harvey the credit of having so explicated it and Anatomically proved it that he may as well be termed the Author of it as Epicurus and others the Authors of that Philosophy which they derived from Pythogoras Democritus Leucippus and Ocellus Lucanus Nor hath Harvey any other Plea and Right to the Invention then that he did more fully and perspicuously declare it and in the most judicious and solid manner assert what others had but hinted at or faintly insisted on Nor is Mr. Glanvill any better acquainted with the notions of the Modern Writers then he is with those of the Ancients He saith that some have ascribed the Circulation of the blood to Paulus Venetus I must inform the Reader who may easily mistake if he be one of the ordinary Comical Wits that it is not to be ascribed to Paulus Venetus the great Traveller who is generally understood when that name is mentioned none can say that he brought it from the Kingdom of Cathay But Pater Paulus Sarpa or Serpa or Father Paul the famous Venetian Monk of the order of the Servi who signatised himself during the time that Venice was interdicted He was a Student at Padoa at the same time that Harvey was there and discovered to Aqua pendens the valves in the veins which discovery that great Anatomist appropriated to himself and so Harvey was thought to have abused the same Father But since Fulgentio in the life of Padre Paolo doth not challenge Harvey for this Cheat as he doth Fabricius for that other and since Marquardus Slegelius could not hear of any such thing upon a strict Enquiry at Venice and Padua I know not any since Walaeus and Franciscus Ulmus that have ascribed the invention to Paulus Venetus Servita Neither did I ever reade of any man that attributed it to Prosper Alpinus nor is it credible that any ever did so For that great Physician established his glory by being an excellent Practitioner and not by any Anatomical curiosities which he rather contemned then pursued and till I know what Author Mr. Glanvill follows I believe the mentioning of him was occasioned by that way of discoutse which is common to the Wits of this Age to blunder out any thing and by laughing at improbabilities of their own suggestion to explode substantial truths or represent them as forgeries But if any did deceive the world in attributing the Circulation of the blood to Padre Paolo and Prosper Alpinus it doth not follow but that Andreas Caesalpinus was the first Inventor of it and proposed it to the world in his Medical and Peripatetical Questions though not in any Set Discourse but as it casually falls into the discussion of other Problems Whereupon it was little regarded and not enquired after the book being also scarce and he being of that faction of Physicians which adheres to Aristotle against Galen whence it hapned that few read his Paradoxes and one of the bravest men of the latter Age hath been almost buried in oblivion However an ingenious Florentine call'd Ioannes Nardius hath asserted the repute of Andraeas Caesalpinus for precedency to Harvey in the Discovery nor doth the same Author doubt● but that Erasistratus was of the same opinion but he ●aith of Caesalpinus this Foelix cui contigit post mortem nancisci clarissimum Patronum Guglielmum Harveium Regium M●dicum nobisque per charum qui abortivam illam opinionem excoluit adeo ut nihil cultius nostro seculo nilque mirabilius occurrerit curiosis amaenarum literarum amatoribus To decide this question and to put an end to those disputes which trouble some of our Virtuosi so much by reason of that little converse they have with Books I shall draw out the opinion of Caesalpinus as he expresseth himself in his Disputations As a great abettour of Aristotle he avows that the Heart is the principal part in man and the original of the veins arteries and nerves which is the opinion of Hofman Van der Linden and other Aristotelian Physicians He describes the Fabrick of the Heart as exactly as any of the Circulators in reference to the Valves so much talked of but he declares not their shape Vasorum in Cor desinentium quaedam intromittunt contentam in ipsis substantiam ut vena Cava in dextro ventriculo arteria venalis in sinistro quadam educunt ut arteria aorta in sinistro ventriculo vena arterialis pulmonem nutriens iu dextro omnibus autem membranule sunt appositae officio delegatae ut oscula intromittentia non educant educentia non intromittant And for the account of the Vena arteriosa and Arteria venosa in the Lungs Harvey is not more perspicuous then he is afterwards where he makes the one to be an Artery the other a veine viz. Putaverunt autem Medici usum hunc non videntes commutatae fuisse vasa in pulmone ut Arteria quidem similis esset venae vena autem similis Arteriae appellantes venas vasa omnia quae in dextrum ventriculum desinunt Arterias autem quae in sinistrum figmenta multa absurditates excogitantes ut usum invenirent Pulsat igitur in pulmone vas dextri ventriculi haec enim e corde recipit ut Arteria magna similiter fabricatum est ejus corpus Vas autem sinistri ventriculi non pulsat quia introducit tantum ejus corpus simile est reliquis venis He holds that the motion of the Heart and Arteries depends not upon any pelsifick Faculty but that it ariseth from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ebullition or effervescency of the blood in the Ventricles and that the Heart and Arteries are dilated at the same time the

Nam duo sunt vasa in dextrum ventriculum des●n●ntia duo etiam in sinistrum Duorum autem unum intro●●●●it ●an●um● alterum educit membranis eo ingenio con●●r●●●is Vas igitur intromittens vena est magna quidem in ●extro quae cava appellatur parva autem in sinistro ex pul●●●● introducens cujus unica est tunica ut caeterarum venarum Va● autem educens Arteria est magna quidem in sinistro quae A●rta appellatur parva autem in dextro ad pulmones derivans ●ujus similiter duae sunt tunicae● ut in caeteris arteriis He holds that the spirituous or arterious blood is cast out ●nd diffused vigorously into the habit of the body that the v●ins and arteries being continuous by Anastomosis it returns to the Heart again vigorating the blood of the vena p●rta and ●ava as it returns which is sufficiently intimated in that he deduces all the vigour and vitality of the blood from the Heart ● and that this vigour or natural heat is carried over the body by the Arteries alone and that it is necessary that the whole v●nous Systeme or contexture of Arteries and veins be continuous lest the blood in the veins being destitute of the cordial heat should coagulate and putrifie He holds that this motion or Circulation of the blood is without intermission and that the swelling of the veins upon the Ligature is a suffici●nt proof of it But he holds that the recourse of the blood by the veins is greater in the sleep then when we awake which he proves thus● in that the veins are more full and ●umid during sleep then waking and the pulse weaker and more slow as any man may observe From whence he concludes that the natural heat which is the Art●ri●us ●lood as I observed before to prevent all possible 〈◊〉 which was otherwise in great part expended up●n the 〈◊〉 and sensories doth in sleep return and fill the 〈…〉 that exhaustion ceasing then when we 〈…〉 His opinion will be best set down in his own words and I think it necessary to do it because Nardius hath done it so imperfectly that one would attribute as little to his allegations as to those which are cited out of the Ancients and if I had not read Caesalpinus long before I should have thought the Florentine to have intitled Caesalpinus to the opinion out of envy to Harvey or out of a partial desire to advance the glory of the Tuscan Academy at Pisa when Caesalpinus was Professour Thus that learned man writ about the year 1590. or a little after Audraeas Caesalpinus Quest● Medic. l. 2. Qu. 17. edit venetae secunda in 4 to A. D. 1593. fol. 234. col 1. Sed illud speculatione dignum videtur Propter quod intumescunt venae ultra locum apprehensum non citr● quod experimento sciunt qui vena secant vinculum enim adhibent citra locum sectionis non ultra quia tument venae ultra vinculum non citra Debuisset autem opposito modo contingere si motus sanguinis spiritus a visceribus fit in totum corpus intercepto enim meatu non ultra datur progressus tumor igitur venarum citra vinculum debuisset fieri An ●olvitur dubitatio ex eo quod scribit Aristoteles de Som c. 3. ubi inquit Necesse enim quod evaporatur aliquousque impelli deinde converti permutari sicut Euripum calidum enim cujusque animalium ad superiora natum est ferri cum autem in superioribus locis fuerit multum simul iterum revertitur ferturque deorsum Haec Aristoteles Pro cujus loci explicatione illud sciendum est Cordis meatus ita a natura paratos esse ut ex vena Cava intromissio fiat in Cordis ventriculum dextrum unde patet exitus in pulmonem ex pulmone praeterea alium ingressum esse in Cordis ventriculum sinistrum ex quotandem patet exitus in Arteriam Aortam membranis quibusdam ad ostia vasorum appositis ut impediant retrocessum Sic enim perpetuus quidam motus est ex vena cava per Cor pulmones in Arteriam Aortam ut in Quaestionibus Peripateticis explicavimus Cum autem in vigilia motus caloris nativi fiat extra scilicet ad sensoria in Somno autem intra scilicet ad Cor putandum est in vigilia multum spiritus sanguinis ferri ad arterias inde enim in nervos iter est In somno autem eundem calorem per venas reverti ad Cor non per Arteriam Judicio sunt pulsus qui expergiscentibus fiunt magni vehementes celeres crebri cum quadam vibratione in somno autem parvi languidi tardi rari notante Galeno 3. de caus pul 9 10. Num in Somno calor nativus minus vergit in arterias in casdem erumpit vehementius cum expergiscuntur Venae autem contrario se modo habent nam in somno fiunt tumidiores in vigilia exiliores ut patet intuenti eas quae in manu sunt Transit enim in somno calor nativus ex arteriis in venas per of culorum communionem quam Anastomosin vocant inde ad Cor. Vt autem sanguinis exundatio ad superiora retrocessus ad inferiora ad instar Euripi manifesta est in somno vigilia sic non obscurus est hujusmodi motus in quacunque parte cor poris vinculum adhibeatur aut alia ratione occludantur venae Cum enim tollitur permeatio intumescunt rivuli qua parte fluere solent From hence it is clear that He held that the blood did circulate continually falling into the Heart by the vena Cava and issuing out by the Aorta into all parts of the body that this motion of the blood was perceivable by the Ligatures at any time but most manifest in the intumescence of the veins in sleep at what time also the blood or natural heat which is all one to him did pass by way of Anastomosis out of the arteries into the veins as well as at other times So that we are not to imagine any interrupted circulation in him but that it did constantly flow night and day sleeping and waking though with unequal celerity In letting of blood he tells us that the blood which first issues out is venous and blacker then that which follows and comes more immediately out of the Arteries Venas cum Arteriis adeo copulari osculis ut vena secta primum exeat sanguis venalis nigrior deinde succedat arterialis flavior quod plerumque contingit And he explains the motion of the blood and natural heat thus to prevent all ambiguity At instabit quis in somno nequaquam prohiberi calo●em in cerebro sensoriis pulsant enim arteriae in toto corpore etiam in somno At praesente calore innato debuisset duci in actum facultas animalis An calor innatus in somno viget in venis

arteriis non in nervis sine quibus non sit sensus motus Extra igitur forri est nervos petere intra autem non solum ad viscera sed in omnes venas arterias unde operationes naturales magis perficiuntur in toto corpore I hope I have now determined the Question which hath occasioned so many heats in the world concerning the Circulation of the blood who was the first Inventor of it I have demonstrated that Andraeas Caesalpinus a rigid Peripatetick upon sensible Experiments Mechanical considerations not notional apprehensions did not only discover this motion of the blood even through the Lungs but gave it the name of CIRCULATIO SANGUINIS which name is not so proper in it self considering the Fabrick of the veins and arteries and the Labyrinth in which the blood moves universally describing a Line no way circular as that a man would have pitched upon it in any other Age then when Caesalpinus lived when the knowledge of the Learned Languages was less general then now and such a barbarous stile in fashion as our Inve●tour ●sed But it was not so in the days of Dr. Harvey who published his Treatise in 4 to at Francfourt in the year as I take it 1628. I must confess I am apt to think upon this consideration that Dr. Harvey who was a Peripatetique Physician and in whose time at Padoa those Physicians did flourish with the greatest repute of Learning and skill in Anatomy as well as Philosophy did take up this opinion from my Author And although there wanted not occasion by reason of what Walaus Riolanus Slegelius and others had said upon the point for him to declare the original of the discovery yet in his two Answers to Riolanus and his Book of Generation He no where asserts the Invention so to himself ● as to deny that he had the intimation or notion from Caesalpinus but leaves the Controversy in the dark which silence of his I take for a tacite Confession His Ambition of Glory made him willing to be thought the Authour of a Paradox he had so illustrated and brought upon the Stage when it lay unregarded and in all probability buried in oblivion Yet such was his Modesty as not to vindicate it to himself by telling a Lie And such his Prudence as rather to avoid the debate then resolve it to his prejudice Had Dr. Harvey been a Chymist I should have guessed that he might have fixed upon the word Circulation upon other reasons and those congruous enough to his Hypotheses but since especially in the days when he writ those Studies were unknown to him and not valued by him I am inclined to think that He did receive his first I●telligence from this Professour at Pisa where Harvey also was and so improved those hints that in the divulging of his Opinion they are as little to be seen as the first indeclines which Painters draw in Pictures that are lost when the Pourtraict is finished● or as in the first Appearances of Plants above ground where those leaves and buds which often give growth ● to the succeeding stemme● flower and fruit are lost or altered so as not to be known Let it suffice that Dr. Harvey had parts and industry enough to have discovered it had he not been prevented th●●ein And I should have imagined that our Countreyman had found it out without any communication with those other books a thing possible enough and of which we have instanc● in the case of ●udbek Bartholine and Iolice but that the reasons I have alledged render the case suspicions Had C●salpi●us writ a distinct Treatise I doubt not but much of the Glory had been his since there are as great differences between one Circulator and another and greater then betwixt him and H●rvey but his notions being confusedly laid down here and there in his Peripatetick and Medicinal Questions and he being not ambitious to pretend to any 〈◊〉 discoveries only to illustrate Aristotle● tenets I sh●ll allow Harvey the possession of his present repa●● nor do I give my self this trouble of collecting up into a method th●se confu●ed a●●e●tions of Caes●lpi●us on● of any envy to the dead but out of animosity to Pre●●●ders to Wit and Learning that brave it th●s amongs● u● ye● if to be ignorant of what 〈◊〉 passed 〈…〉 heretofore ● be an argument of c●●ldishness ●here is not any thing more puerile then this sort of Vi●t●●si I might not dismiss my Reader ● but that the great noise which this Circulatio● of bl●●d makes in the World enforceth m● to speak a little m●●e about the utility of this discovery which ou● A●●hour describes to be the most noble of ●ll those discoveries in the O●conomy of humane ●ature which Wit and I●dustry have made I do confess I think the Arguments for it to be such as admit of no Answer in general but when we come to debate how it passeth throught the Lungs which Riolanus almost invincibly disproves or through the Septum Cordis which Riolan and Bartholin asserts but Harvey Slegelius Vander Linden and others reject it on good grounds what it is that causeth the pulsation of the Heart what continues on the motion of the blood in the veins even when a Ligature is made betwixt the antecedent and subsequent blood Whether the blood be diffused into the habit of the body and reimbibed by capillary veins or conveyed on by Anastomoses whether there be any difference betwixt the venous and Arterious blood How the Phaenomena which undeniably are observed about the pulse can be made out and particularly how some have lived without any Pulse others which I have known in the palpitation of the Heart suffer no change in their Pulse How upon diffection or wounds somtimes both ends of the veine divided do bleed How some bleed at the arme without any Ligature some upon a double Ligature These and many other questions when I come to dispute with my self methinks I am forced to constrain my judgement in the assent I give to that Probleme and what I am ashamed to deny I finde I cannot own without some reluctancy which is daily encreased in me by scruples arising from the Practick Part of Physick nor do I blush to declare my self an Abettour only of such Tenets as are consistent with and illustrated by Practical Physick it was thought at first that this Circulation of blood would overthrow all the usual Methods of Physick and introduce new and beneficial discoveries in that part of Medicine which is Therapeutick But Harvey denieth that it varieth the Medicine of the Ancients and Slegelius asserts the same opinion avowing it to be rather an happy illustration then a subver●ion of the former praxis though it alter the Theory much In fine those little advantages and Diorismes which we derive from that Invention m●rit not our notice nay any man shall with more assurance bleed in many diseases in sundry manners and different places upon