towards_o all_o the_o male_n which_o they_o do_v keep_v in_o their_o house_n where_o they_o do_v frequent_o nourish_v these_o chat-pards_a especial_o in_o barbary_n there_o be_v some_o appearance_n that_o the_o spermatick_a vessel_n may_v have_v be_v consume_v and_o efface_v by_o age_n even_o as_o the_o anastomosis_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o animal_n of_o a_o short_a time_n after_o their_o birth_n when_o these_o part_n want_v action_n and_o use_v do_v wax_n dry_a and_o utter_o abolish_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o we_o find_v not_o any_o cicatrice_n in_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o belly_n and_o consider_v that_o the_o umbilical_a vessel_n do_v still_o remain_v although_o contract_v when_o they_o do_v no_o more_o execute_v the_o function_n for_o which_o they_o be_v employ_v before_o the_o birth_n and_o that_o the_o spermatick_a vessel_n serve_v for_o other_o use_n than_o generation_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o dry_v up_o for_o want_n of_o employment_n when_o that_o for_o which_o they_o be_v principal_o design_v come_v to_o cease_v see_v that_o it_o be_v ordinary_o see_v that_o as_o they_o pass_v they_o shoot_v forth_o several_a branch_n for_o the_o nourishment_n of_o the_o adjoin_a part_n we_o remain_v in_o our_o former_a opinion_n that_o this_o defect_n of_o such_o important_a organ_n must_v proceed_v from_o some_o other_o part_n and_o that_o the_o sterility_n which_o be_v common_a to_o some_o animal_n which_o have_v be_v engender_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o different_a species_n must_v have_v a_o particular_a cause_n in_o our_o subject_n for_o that_o which_o render_v mule_n barren_a be_v not_o the_o defect_n of_o any_o of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o generation_n see_v that_o the_o difference_n which_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o conformation_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la of_o mare_n and_o that_o of_o she-ass_n can_v as_o some_o pretend_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o sterility_n the_o mare_n in_o which_o something_a be_v want_v that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o she-asse_n be_v not_o deprive_v of_o any_o of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o generation_n see_v that_o she_o engender_v and_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o be_v between_o the_o species_n of_o horse_n and_o that_o of_o ass_n hinder_v not_o the_o generation_n of_o mule_n which_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o species_n therefore_o aristotle_n according_a to_o empedocles_n attribute_n this_o defect_n only_o to_o the_o temper_n of_o these_o animal_n who_o part_n have_v contract_v a_o hardness_n which_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o contribute_v to_o a_o new_a mixture_n which_o this_o philosopher_n explain_v by_o the_o comparison_n of_o copper_n and_o tin_n which_o be_v separately_z very_o ductile_a and_o malleable_a to_o be_v employ_v in_o different_a and_o several_a work_n be_v no_o more_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o be_v wield_v and_o receive_v a_o new_a form_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o brittle_a hardness_n and_o sharpness_n which_o the_o mass_n compose_v of_o these_o two_o metal_n acquire_v when_o they_o be_v melt_v together_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o lupi_fw-la cervarii_n or_o ounce_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v engender_v of_o the_o wolf_n and_o panther_n as_o mastiff_n of_o the_o leopard_n and_o bitch_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o other_o animal_n which_o be_v bear_v by_o the_o mixture_n of_o two_o species_n cease_v not_o to_o be_v fertile_a it_o must_v be_v think_v that_o the_o conformation_n of_o our_o chatpard_n be_v particular_a and_o accidental_a to_o it_o and_o that_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v want_v and_o which_o make_v it_o incapable_a of_o generation_n proceed_v not_o from_o this_o mixture_n of_o species_n which_o by_o change_v the_o conformation_n of_o the_o part_n can_v not_o corrupt_v it_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o render_v it_o useless_a to_o the_o function_n and_o which_o be_v still_o less_o capable_a of_o make_v a_o mutilation_n but_o which_o may_v more_o easy_o cause_v a_o vice_n in_o the_o temper_n which_o be_v a_o consequence_n very_o natural_a from_o the_o mixture_n and_o in_o fine_a it_o be_v probable_a that_o if_o the_o mule_n be_v the_o only_a animal_n which_o the_o confusion_n of_o species_n make_v barren_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o there_o be_v something_o particular_a in_o those_o which_o have_v engender_v it_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v that_o which_o aristotle_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o horse_n and_o ass_n who_o have_v both_o much_o less_o power_n for_o generation_n than_o all_o other_o animal_n see_v that_o in_o this_o genus_fw-la which_o consist_v of_o those_o which_o be_v short-lived_a and_o which_o ought_v consequent_o to_o be_v more_o ready_o engender_v the_o female_n do_v carry_v their_o conception_n a_o great_a deal_n long_o and_o have_v much_o more_o difficulty_n to_o give_v it_o its_o last_o perfection_n than_o other_o by_o reason_n as_o this_o philosopher_n say_v of_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o uterus_fw-la which_o be_v like_o a_o earth_n which_o drought_n and_o aridity_n have_v make_v sterile_a for_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o mule_n be_v barren_a not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o the_o repugnance_n which_o be_v always_o find_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o different_a species_n but_o likewise_o by_o the_o particular_a defect_n which_o be_v in_o both_o of_o the_o species_n which_o be_v assemble_v for_o generation_n and_o which_o have_v not_o surmount_v that_o repugnancy_n so_o powerful_o as_o leopard_n dog_n and_o fox_n which_o be_v animal_n fertile_a enough_o to_o transmit_v to_o their_o posterity_n the_o powerful_a disposition_n which_o they_o have_v for_o generation_n notwithstanding_o the_o contrariâ—…ty_n which_o the_o mixture_n of_o different_a species_n may_v cause_v the_o penis_n be_v extraordinary_a small_a contain_v from_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o ischium_n which_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la to_o the_o end_n but_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a and_o but_o a_o line_n and_o half_a in_o diameter_n there_o be_v find_v no_o bone._n the_o diaphragme_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o its_o nervous_a part_n very_o small_a the_o pericardium_n in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o water_n be_v exceed_v close_o to_o the_o heart_n which_o happen_v perhaps_o by_o the_o swell_a of_o this_o part_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o do_v congeal_v be_v puff_v up_o for_o this_o dissection_n be_v make_v the_o eleven_o day_n of_o january_n 1670._o at_o which_o time_n be_v feel_v a_o great_a cold_a than_o ever_o be_v know_v the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v fill_v with_o great_a plenty_n of_o congeal_a and_o harden_a blood_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o vein_n perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o little_a quantity_n which_o easy_o thaw_v in_o the_o part_n which_o must_v necessary_o be_v much_o handle_v in_o the_o dissection_n and_o preparation_n thereof_o the_o heart_n be_v round_a and_o less_o point_v than_o in_o cat_n and_o fierce_a beast_n by_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o extraordinary_a distension_n and_o enlarge_n of_o the_o ventricles_n have_v make_v the_o point_n to_o shrink_v towards_o the_o basis._n the_o lung_n have_v eight_o lobe_n four_o on_o the_o right_a side_n three_o on_o the_o left_a and_o the_o eight_o in_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la join_v the_o diaphragme_n the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la have_v two_o very_a large_a sinus_n which_o be_v square_a and_o long_o adjoin_v to_o each_o other_o there_o be_v two_o other_o sinus_n in_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la they_o be_v of_o a_o triangular_a form_n and_o distant_a from_o each_o other_o be_v of_o the_o right_n and_o left_a side_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la the_o bone_n which_o separate_v these_o two_o brain_n have_v two_o point_n the_o brain_n be_v divide_v in_o two_o by_o the_o falx_n which_o be_v very_o large_a and_o which_o do_v enter_v very_o deep_a therein_o the_o anfractuosity_n be_v extend_v in_o length_n from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la to_o the_o forepart_n at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la usual_o be_v there_o be_v find_v only_o a_o little_a point_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin_n point_n which_o be_v take_v for_o this_o gland_n the_o orbite_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v whole_a and_o bony_a all_o round_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o that_o of_o the_o jaw_n be_v join_v but_o the_o internal_a and_o upper_a part_n be_v open_a insomuch_o that_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n touch_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n the_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n contain_v eleven_o line_n in_o diameter_n through_o the_o middle_n the_o cornea_n have_v nine_o there_o be_v a_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o great_a canthus_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o which_o advance_v towards_o the_o
hardly_o credible_a of_o the_o calf_n of_o the_o stature_n of_o we_o and_o can_v agree_v only_o with_o those_o which_o be_v take_v near_o england_n which_o according_a to_o gesner_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o bear_n or_o rather_o with_o those_o whereof_o gomara_n oviedo_n pedro_n ciesa_n and_o the_o last_o relation_n of_o the_o ant-isle_n do_v speak_v which_o be_v of_o a_o size_n so_o prodigious_a that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o seven_o thick_a but_o name_n be_v most_o frequent_o give_v to_o fish_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o resemblance_n that_o they_o have_v as_o it_o be_v pretend_v to_o certain_a thing_n whether_o that_o similitude_n be_v take_v from_o their_o shape_n or_o disposition_n thus_o the_o sea-sheep_n have_v this_o appellation_n because_o it_o be_v white_a and_o have_v crooked_a horn_n like_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v by_o some_o call_v a_o wolf_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o live_v on_o rapine_n nevertheless_o by_o this_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o sheep_n if_o compare_v to_o the_o sea-sheep_n and_o the_o sea-sheep_n ought_v on_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v call_v a_o wolf_n because_o that_o according_a to_o aelian_a the_o sea-sheep_n hunt_v the_o sea-calf_n and_o devour_v they_o the_o tongue_n be_v very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n be_v large_a flat_a and_o smooth_a it_o be_v fork_v and_o cut_v in_o two_o at_o the_o end_n as_o aristotle_n have_v remarque_v but_o not_o double_a round_o and_o small_a as_o in_o serpent_n and_o lizard_n as_o pliny_n describe_v it_o the_o larynx_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n the_o epiglottis_fw-la be_v proportionable_o large_a than_o in_o other_o animal_n it_o go_v half_a a_o inch_n in_o length_n beyond_o the_o glottis_fw-la to_o cover_v it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o be_v do_v more_o exact_o to_o close_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o this_o animal_n eat_v his_o prey_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o water_n from_o run_v into_o its_o lung_n the_o ventricle_n be_v in_o form_n of_o a_o intestine_a which_o be_v contract_v towards_o its_o two_o orifice_n severinus_n describe_v it_o round_o like_o a_o ostrich_n egg._n the_o interior_a membrane_n be_v fold_v and_o make_v several_a wrinkle_n severinus_n describe_v it_o without_o wrinkle_n these_o wrinkle_n from_o the_o superior_a orifice_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ventricle_n be_v wave_v and_o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o pylorus_n they_o be_v straight_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v some_o resemblance_n with_o the_o ventricles_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud_n in_o which_o the_o wrinkle_n of_o the_o low_a ventricle_n be_v straight_o and_o according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ventricle_n whereas_o in_o the_o upper_a they_o be_v transversal_a and_o oblique_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v find_v a_o round_a bottom_n of_o the_o sea-herb_n call_v by_o the_o seaman_n wreck_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fucus_n this_o clue_n or_o bottom_n be_v of_o the_o bigness_n and_o shape_n of_o a_o nut._n it_o close_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o round_a lump_n have_v be_v push_v into_o this_o orifice_n by_o the_o effort_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a compression_n and_o by_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n the_o liver_n have_v six_o lobe_n two_o great_a one_o underneath_o and_o behind_o and_o four_o small_a one_o at_o the_o top_n and_o before_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v between_o the_o great_a right_a lobe_n behind_o and_o the_o first_o of_o the_o small_a one_o which_o be_v before_o of_o the_o same_o side_n belonius_a report_n according_a to_o aristotle_n that_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v no_o gall._n pliny_n will_v have_v it_o in_o the_o breast_n which_o agree_v not_o with_o what_o he_o relate_v that_o this_o animal_n vomit_v up_o its_o gall_n when_o pursue_v by_o the_o fisherman_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v that_o he_o be_v take_v only_o for_o his_o gall_n which_o be_v profitable_a for_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n for_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a for_o he_o to_o vomit_v up_o this_o gall_n which_o be_v in_o his_o breast_n it_o be_v incredible_a that_o he_o can_v understand_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o fisherman_n unless_o that_o this_o sagacity_n be_v peculiar_a to_o it_o and_o other_o amphibia_fw-la such_o as_o be_v the_o castor_n serpent_n and_o frog_n which_o this_o same_o author_n report_v to_o take_v care_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o the_o thing_n for_o which_o they_o be_v seek_v after_o so_o that_o the_o castor_n tear_v off_o the_o pouch_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o medicinal_a liquor_n of_o the_o castoreum_n the_o serpent_n do_v swallow_v the_o precious_a skin_n which_o they_o do_v cast_v at_o the_o spring_n the_o frog_n do_v daily_o vomit_v up_o certain_a salutiferous_a liquor_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o their_o body_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v kill_v for_o this_o liquor_n the_o kidney_n resemble_v not_o those_o of_o the_o otter_n as_o rondeletius_n say_v because_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o otter_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a small_a separate_a one_o which_o have_v each_o their_o emulgent_a vessel_n and_o particular_a ureter_n as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o bear._n the_o kidney_n of_o our_o subject_n be_v more_o like_a to_o the_o kidney_n of_o the_o land-calf_n be_v cleave_v at_o top_n only_o in_o their_o surface_n by_o chap_n which_o do_v not_o sink_v very_o deep_a but_o these_o chap_n be_v much_o more_o numerous_a than_o in_o the_o land-calf_n and_o they_o make_v this_o kidney_n to_o seem_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n join_v together_o these_o kidney_n do_v likewise_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o the_o land-calf_n in_o that_o beside_o the_o great_a pelvis_n which_o be_v in_o the_o gibbous_a part_n of_o that_o kidney_n there_o be_v several_a other_o small_a one_o scatter_v in_o several_a place_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n insomuch_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o every_o of_o these_o small_a pelves_fw-la appertain_v to_o each_o of_o the_o little_a particular_a kidney_n of_o which_o the_o great_a one_o be_v compose_v and_o that_o the_o parenchyma_n of_o every_o of_o these_o particular_a kidney_n make_v but_o one_o single_a mass._n the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n of_o the_o kidney_n be_v all_o intersperse_v with_o very_o visible_a vessel_n which_o make_v rondeletius_n to_o say_v that_o the_o emulgent_n enter_v not_o into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n as_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o that_o they_o be_v distribute_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o kidney_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o vessel_n in_o the_o left_a kidney_n be_v the_o branch_n or_o rather_o the_o root_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n which_o by_o reunite_a do_v form_v three_o great_a branch_n which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o spermatick_a vein_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o emulgent_a do_v by_o the_o way_n receive_v this_o left_a kidney_n be_v accompany_v with_o a_o succenturiatus_fw-la which_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o filbert_n and_o immediate_o adhere_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o lung_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n on_o each_o side_n which_o be_v only_o a_o little_a transvers_o cut_v through_o the_o middle_n the_o heart_n be_v round_o and_o flat_a it_o be_v ventricles_n appear_v very_o large_a and_o its_o auricles_n very_o small_a the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n proceed_v from_o the_o heart_n two_o inch_n in_o length_n before_o it_o return_v downward_o underneath_o the_o great_a aperture_n through_o which_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la convey_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v another_o which_o penetrate_v into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o afterward_o into_o the_o aorta_fw-la this_o hole_n which_o be_v call_v the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi in_o the_o foetus_fw-la make_v the_o anastomosis_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o blood_n go_v from_o the_o cava_fw-la into_o the_o aorta_fw-la without_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o it_o be_v apparent_o for_o the_o same_o use_n that_o this_o passage_n be_v find_v in_o the_o sea-calf_n and_o foetus_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o necessity_n which_o each_o have_v of_o live_v without_o respiration_n viz._n the_o foetus_fw-la whilst_o in_o the_o womb_n of_o its_o mother_n and_o the_o sea-calf_n whilst_o under_o water_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o circulation_n and_o that_o the_o blood_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v receive_v from_o one_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n by_o be_v dilate_a be_v afterward_o thrust_v into_o the_o other_o ventricle_n by_o the_o compression_n of_o
the_o heart_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o facility_n which_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v of_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n must_v rather_o be_v attribute_v to_o this_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n than_o to_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o pliny_n allege_v between_o these_o two_o hole_n which_o be_v in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la there_o be_v a_o membranous_a separation_n make_v by_o a_o fold_n of_o the_o interior_a coat_n of_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o in_o the_o lung_n there_o be_v find_v great_a store_n of_o blood._n pliny_n report_v that_o these_o part_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n do_v contain_v less_o blood_n than_o in_o other_o animal_n this_o blood_n be_v keep_v congeal_v very_o firm_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n do_v affirm_v that_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v cartilaginous_a we_o find_v that_o they_o be_v real_a bone_n very_o hard_o especial_o those_o of_o the_o cranium_fw-la the_o dura_n mater_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o skull_n and_o redouble_v to_o make_v the_o falx_n there_o be_v a_o bone_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la like_o as_o in_o dog_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o do_v live_v by_o rapine_n and_o which_o do_v eat_v flesh_n and_o not_o grass_n like_o the_o calf_n this_o bone_n be_v flat_a and_o point_a and_o not_o round_o and_o massy_a so_o as_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o lamantin_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sea-calf_n of_o the_o west-indies_n and_o which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o bone_n which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a virtue_n for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o bladder_n the_o sinuosity_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v as_o in_o the_o calf_n but_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la proportionable_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o calf_n which_o be_v unusual_a in_o fish_n which_o have_v very_o little_a cerebellum_fw-la the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v two_o line_n in_o length_n and_o little_a less_o in_o breadth_n naturallist_n have_v observe_v that_o this_o animal_n participate_v nothing_o of_o the_o stupidity_n of_o fish_n but_o that_o it_o equal_n the_o most_o subtle_a sagacity_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n pliny_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v show_v some_o at_o rome_n which_o answer_v when_o they_o be_v call_v and_o which_o with_o voice_n and_o gesture_n salute_v the_o people_n in_o the_o theatre_n gomara_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o manati_n or_o sea-calf_n of_o the_o indies_n of_o a_o prodigious_a size_n which_o be_v tame_v do_v come_v when_o it_o be_v call_v by_o its_o name_n and_o carry_v ten_o man_n upon_o its_o back_n in_o a_o lake_n where_o a_o indian_a prince_n keep_v it_o aldrovandus_n report_n that_o he_o see_v one_o which_o do_v sing_v for_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o not_o for_o the_o turk_n the_o crystalline_a be_v almost_o spherical_a after_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o more_o convex_a part_n be_v before_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a the_o whole_a choroide_n be_v besmear_v with_o a_o white_a and_o very_o opake_v substance_n in_o the_o retina_fw-la there_o be_v three_o branch_n of_o blood-vessel_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o eye_n with_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a membrane_n this_o optic_a nerve_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o its_o entrance_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o crystalline_a these_o two_o remark_n be_v favourable_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o which_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o visual_a species_n be_v make_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o retina_fw-la and_o not_o the_o choroide_n because_o that_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v spread_v into_o the_o retina_fw-la be_v lay_v upon_o the_o choroide_n must_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o opacity_n oppose_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o visual_a species_n and_o hinder_v they_o from_o go_v to_o the_o choroide_n which_o these_o vessel_n do_v not_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o retina_fw-la because_o that_o it_o cover_v they_o with_o its_o surface_n which_o terminate_v and_o lock_v up_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o which_o by_o consequence_n do_v direct_o receive_v the_o visual_a species_n seem_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o choroide_n which_o receive_v the_o species_n see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o choroide_n at_o the_o principal_a place_n where_o the_o species_n do_v fall_v but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o retina_fw-la which_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o optic_a nerve_n as_o well_o as_o on_o all_o the_o other_o place_n on_o which_o the_o species_n may_v fall_v the_o left_a eye_n be_v contract_v and_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o than_o the_o right_n and_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v hurt_v the_o humour_n be_v half_o suppurate_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v not_o find_v the_o thousand_o colour_n which_o natualist_n report_v to_o be_v there_o observable_a the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o barbary_n cow._n the_o low_a figure_n be_v to_o discover_v the_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v very_o high_a the_o wind_a of_o the_o horn_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o bunch_n which_o the_o shoulder_n do_v form_n on_o the_o back_n that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o sternum_n as_o in_o the_o camel_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o other_o particularity_n which_o do_v render_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o animal_n different_a from_o the_o ordinary_a cow._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o be_v the_o great_a ventricle_n b_o b_o b._n the_o three_o other_o ventricles_n c_o c._n the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o epiploon_n d_o d._n the_o pancreas_n e._n a_o part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o its_o natural_a bigness_n â—…_n â—…â—…_n the_o membranous_a part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la on_o which_o the_o oesophagus_n lie_v and_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_o e_o e_o e._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v and_o enlarge_v make_v as_o it_o be_v the_o wing_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o extremitys_n of_o the_o other_o half_a ring_n which_o be_v underneath_o and_o be_v represent_v by_o f_z f_o f._n g_o g._n the_o hollow_a and_o chanellate_v part_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n f_o f._n the_o liver_n g._n the_o gallbladder_n γ._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n h._n half_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n loose_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o discover_v its_o interior_a surface_n i_o i._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n with_o the_o valve_n which_o do_v half_o shut_v they_o k._n the_o head_n see_v in_o another_o aspect_n than_o that_o of_o the_o low_a figure_n to_o represent_v the_o particular_a wind_a of_o the_o horn_n l_o l_o l_o l_o l._n the_o five_o small_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n m_o m._n the_o two_o great_a lobe_n n._n the_o ligament_n which_o fasten_v the_o two_o great_a lobe_n to_o one_o another_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o barbary_n cow_n this_o animal_n be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o cow._n its_o hair_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n pale_a towards_o the_o point_n than_o the_o root_n it_o be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o it_o common_o be_v in_o cow_n and_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n towards_o the_o point_n as_o the_o root_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o hair_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o big_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o other_o end_n yet_o we_o have_v before_o remarque_v a_o irregularity_n opposite_a to_o this_o in_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o elk_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n small_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o middle_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n leg_n and_o neck_n make_v it_o better_a to_o resemble_v a_o stag_n than_o a_o cow_n of_o which_o it_o have_v only_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v in_o a_o great_a many_o thing_n different_a from_o those_o of_o cow_n they_o be_v each_o of_o they_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o take_v their_o rise_n very_o near_a one_o another_o by_o reason_n the_o head_n be_v in_o this_o part_n exceed_v narrow_a they_o be_v very_o thick_a bend_v backward_o black_a wreathe_v like_o a_o screw_n and_o wear_v before_o and_o at_o top_n so_o that_o the_o raise_v part_n which_o form_v the_o screw_n be_v there_o whole_o efface_v the_o tail_n be_v large_a at_o its_o beginning_n than_o towards_o its_o end_n
cartilage_n and_o produce_v only_o membranous_a channel_n very_o large_a and_o unequal_a contain_v even_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o some_o place_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n only_o in_o other_o the_o membrane_n that_o form_v these_o channel_n be_v transparent_a and_o thinn_n but_o solid_a and_o fortify_v with_o ligament_n link_v together_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o net_n compose_v of_o several_a mash_n like_v to_o those_o that_o be_v see_v in_o the_o second_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n that_o ruminate_v each_o of_o these_o mash_n be_v the_o border_n and_o entrance_n of_o a_o little_a pouch_n which_o open_v into_o a_o second_o and_o that_o sometime_o into_o a_o three_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v run_v along_o the_o ligament_n of_o which_o they_o do_v accompany_v all_o the_o division_n equal_o distribute_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o author_n that_o have_v think_v that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v no_o blood_n in_o the_o lung_n have_v ground_v this_o opinion_n on_o the_o whiteness_n and_o transparency_n of_o the_o membrane_n whereof_o they_o be_v compose_v which_o do_v make_v it_o to_o appear_v altogether_o membranous_a when_o it_o be_v swell_v whereas_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n appear_v fleshy_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o of_o more_o and_o less_o the_o lung_n of_o man_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o other_o animal_n be_v compose_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o small_a vesicles_n heap_v one_o against_o the_o other_o among_o which_o the_o sanguinary_a vessel_n be_v interlace_v in_o so_o great_a a_o number_n that_o they_o do_v form_v a_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n like_o little_a lobe_n fasten_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o bronchi_n and_o it_o be_v of_o these_o little_a lobe_n that_o the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v yet_o this_o difference_n of_o more_o and_o less_o fill_v with_o blood_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o pass_v for_o essential_a and_o sufficient_a to_o establish_v a_o species_n of_o lung_n which_o be_v one_o of_o three_o to_o which_o we_o reduce_v the_o lung_n of_o the_o animal_n that_o we_o have_v dissect_v for_o we_o have_v find_v lung_n which_o do_v appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a other_o absolute_o membranous_a and_o other_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a the_o lung_n of_o all_o four_o footed_a terrestrial_a animal_n which_o lie_v no_o egg_n and_o some_o of_o the_o amphibious_a as_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n and_o these_o lung_n do_v absolute_o appear_v fleshy_a because_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v equal_o disperse_v through_o all_o their_o substance_n into_o which_o it_o circulate_v entire_o make_v all_o the_o blood_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o its_o vessel_n from_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o other_o the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n serpent_n frog_n salamander_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n and_o they_o appear_v absolute_o membranous_a have_v but_o very_o little_a blood_n disperse_v into_o their_o substance_n viz._n only_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o particular_a nourishment_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o circulation_n make_v in_o its_o vessel_n but_o of_o this_o nourishment_n the_o lung_n of_o bird_n be_v of_o the_o three_o species_n and_o they_o do_v appear_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o membranous_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o part_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o rib_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n by_o which_o the_o circulation_n be_v entire_o make_v as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o and_o sometime_o into_o ten_o great_a bladder_n have_v no_o vessel_n and_o the_o circulation_n therein_o be_v only_o for_o its_o peculiar_a nourishment_n these_o three_o species_n of_o the_o lung_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o if_o their_o difference_n be_v take_v from_o the_o use_n which_o the_o lung_n have_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lung_n of_o tortoise_n and_o other_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o that_o kind_n will_v make_v a_o particular_a species_n their_o lung_n be_v useless_a for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n and_o that_o of_o terrestrial_a animal_n will_v make_v another_o species_n which_o will_v be_v common_a to_o those_o who_o lung_n appear_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o those_o that_o appear_v only_o in_o one_o part_n for_o the_o establish_n these_o two_o species_n there_o may_v be_v likewise_o add_v another_o difference_n take_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n even_o as_o in_o bird_n be_v continual_a regular_a and_o periodical_a and_o in_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o tortoise_n chameleon_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v interrupt_v and_o so_o seldom_o and_o unequal_a that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o half_a a_o day_n without_o one_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v in_o he_o any_o motion_n for_o the_o respiration_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v perceive_v to_o swell_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o to_o remain_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n in_o this_o condition_n the_o tortoise_n do_v probable_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n we_o have_v a_o long_a time_n observe_v several_a live_n and_o entire_a and_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o indeed_o they_o sometime_o cast_v forth_o a_o cold_a breath_n through_o the_o nostril_n but_o it_o be_v by_o interval_n and_o without_o order_n in_o those_o which_o be_v open_v alive_a we_o see_v that_o the_o lung_n remain_v continual_o swell_v by_o the_o exact_a compression_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o shrink_v entire_o and_o sudden_o when_o entrance_n be_v give_v to_o the_o air_n by_o cut_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o breast_n of_o a_o live_a dog_n be_v open_v by_o take_v away_o the_o sternum_fw-la with_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendix_n of_o the_o rib_n the_o lung_n be_v observe_v sudden_o to_o sink_v and_o afterward_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o cease_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o that_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o auricle_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v swell_v as_o if_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v so_o that_o to_o prevent_v the_o animal_n death_n the_o end_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_n be_v put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o push_v in_o the_o air_n to_o make_v the_o lung_n swell_v and_o afterward_o withdraw_v they_o to_o make_v they_o sink_v they_o be_v artificial_o make_v to_o have_v the_o motion_n that_o they_o natural_o use_v and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ventricle_n and_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v unswell_o and_o the_o heart_n resume_v its_o ordinary_a motion_n again_o this_o hapnes_n not_o to_o the_o tortoise_n in_o which_o one_o have_v lay_v open_a the_o lung_n for_o whether_o they_o continue_v swell_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v shrink_v the_o circulation_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n do_v continue_v so_o well_o in_o their_o natural_a manner_n that_o it_o be_v experiment_v that_o a_o tortoise_n have_v live_v above_o four_o day_n in_o this_o condition_n we_o have_v also_o make_v another_o experiment_n to_o know_v more_o distinct_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o fleshy_a and_o which_o be_v not_o amphibious_a a_o injection_n be_v make_v by_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o a_o dead_a dog_n it_o happen_v that_o if_o one_o continue_v to_o make_v the_o lung_n rise_v and_o sink_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o bellows_o put_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o liquor_n which_o be_v push_v into_o the_o lung_n do_v easy_o pass_v and_o go_v through_o the_o vein_n into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o that_o when_o one_o cease_v to_o blow_v it_o pass_v not_o but_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n after_o have_v veiw_v the_o different_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n and_o tortoise_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v some_o probable_a reason_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o these_o experiment_n for_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o dog_n be_v sink_v after_o expiration_n the_o vessel_n be_v compress_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o blood_n can_v pass_v and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o these_o vessel_n be_v dilate_v by_o inspiration_n for_o the_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o that_o they_o be_v afterward_o compress_v in_o the_o expiration_n to_o press_v it_o
smallness_n of_o this_o subject_a which_o make_v it_o to_o dry_v speedy_o hinder_v we_o from_o make_v our_o observation_n so_o particular_o as_o it_o deserve_v the_o last_o observation_n which_o we_o make_v but_o which_o be_v not_o the_o least_o considerable_a be_v upon_o its_o tongue_n the_o make_v and_o use_v of_o which_o be_v very_o extraordinary_a we_o find_v that_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o white_a flesh_n very_o solid_a ten_o line_n long_o three_o broad_a round_o and_o a_o little_a flattish_a towards_o the_o end_n it_o be_v hollow_a and_o open_a at_o the_o end_n like_o a_o sack_n somewhat_o like_o the_o end_n of_o a_o elephant_n proâ—…oscis_fw-la this_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o trunk_n like_o a_o gut_n six_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o line_n broad_a have_v a_o membrane_n without_o and_o a_o nervous_a substance_n within_o the_o membrane_n be_v cover_v with_o spot_n all_o along_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v imbue_v on_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o blackish_a extravassated_a blood_n unequal_o collect_v in_o several_a place_n the_o nervous_a substance_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v solid_a and_o compact_a although_o very_o soft_a and_o be_v not_o easy_o divide_v into_o string_n like_o the_o nerve_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n this_o trunk_n serve_v to_o cast_v out_o the_o tongue_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o it_o by_o extend_v it_o and_o to_o draw_v it_o back_o by_o contract_n itself_o and_o it_o be_v our_o opinion_n that_o when_o it_o shorten_v itself_o it_o must_v be_v that_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v it_o have_v a_o stylus_fw-la of_o a_o cartilagineous_a substance_n very_o fine_a and_o smooth_a insert_v into_o it_o to_o the_o end_n of_o which_o the_o trunk_n be_v fasten_v and_o on_o which_o its_o membrane_n be_v plait_v like_o a_o silk-stocking_n on_o the_o leg_n for_o we_o can_v not_o certain_o understand_v how_o this_o tongue_n can_v otherwise_o be_v retract_v this_o stylus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o inch_n long_o take_v its_o original_a from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o os_fw-la hyoide_n as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o tongue_n of_o several_a bird_n the_o tongue_n be_v endow_v with_o store_n of_o apparent_a vessel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n as_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n which_o make_v we_o wonder_v why_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o chameleon_n have_v no_o blood_n but_o about_o the_o heart_n and_o eye_n and_o that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o modern_n do_v place_n it_o among_o those_o animal_n that_o have_v little_a blood._n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o small_a esteem_n which_o the_o ancient_n make_v of_o the_o particularity_n of_o this_o tongue_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o speak_v thereof_o and_o that_o if_o they_o have_v see_v to_o what_o purpose_n the_o chameleon_n use_v it_o they_o can_v not_o think_v that_o it_o live_v by_o the_o air_n alone_o for_o this_o tongue_n serve_v it_o for_o the_o catch_n of_o the_o animal_n whereon_o it_o live_v and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a surprise_a thing_n to_o we_o to_o see_v the_o swiftness_n wherewith_o it_o dart_v this_o tongue_n at_o a_o fly_n and_o with_o which_o it_o draw_v it_o back_o again_o into_o its_o mouth_n with_o the_o prey_n which_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o never_o fail_v to_o catch_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o natural_a glue_n which_o its_o tongue_n incessant_o sweat_v forth_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o which_o gather_v together_o and_o thicken_v in_o its_o cavitie_n which_o penetrate_v not_o into_o the_o trunk_n to_o which_o this_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v so_o that_o to_o swallow_v what_o it_o have_v glue_v at_o the_o end_n of_o its_o tongue_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o peristaltic_a action_n perform_v by_o the_o tongue_n who_o part_n successive_o join_v and_o press_v against_o the_o palate_n do_v there_o cause_v to_o run_v into_o the_o throat_n whatever_o it_o have_v to_o swallow_n the_o abundance_n of_o wrinkle_n which_o we_o see_v run_v a_o cross_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o this_o tongue_n make_v we_o to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o must_v be_v so_o do_v nevertheless_o marmol_n who_o say_v that_o he_o have_v see_v a_o great_a many_o live_v chameleon_n with_o a_o design_n to_o explain_v himself_o upon_o this_o particular_a use_n of_o their_o tongue_n assert_n that_o it_o serve_v they_o not_o to_o catch_v infect_v and_o that_o whatever_o he_o have_v observe_v of_o this_o animal_n can_v not_o make_v he_o to_o alter_v his_o opinion_n that_o its_o only_a nourishment_n be_v the_o air_n and_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun._n yet_o we_o have_v find_v its_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n fill_v with_o fly_n and_o worm_n have_v see_v it_o swallow_v they_o after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a we_o have_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o excrement_n that_o it_o void_v almost_o every_o day_n be_v mix_v with_o store_n of_o yellow_a and_o greenish_a choler_n and_o such_o as_o they_o be_v in_o animal_n which_o do_v live_v in_o something_o else_o beside_o air_n which_o nidermayer_n physician_n to_o the_o landgrave_n of_o hessen_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1619._o bring_v a_o live_v camelion_n from_o malta_n into_o germany_n have_v already_o observe_v we_o do_v many_o time_n void_a stone_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pea_n which_o it_o have_v not_o swallow_v but_o which_o be_v engender_v in_o its_o intestine_n as_o we_o discover_v after_o a_o curious_a examination_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o these_o stone_n be_v so_o light_a that_o be_v put_v into_o distil_a vinegar_n they_o rise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n when_o stir_v that_o they_o do_v there_o dissolve_v and_o that_o one_o of_o they_o which_o cleave_v contain_v in_o its_o middle_n the_o head_n of_o a_o fly_n about_o which_o the_o stony_a matter_n be_v amass_v this_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o the_o lienteria_fw-la which_o panarâ—…lus_n report_v to_o be_v perpetual_a in_o the_o chameleon_n be_v not_o the_o distemper_n of_o we_o see_v that_o retain_v the_o useful_a thing_n it_o reject_v those_o only_o which_o be_v superfluous_a and_o not_o fit_a to_o be_v keep_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o it_o void_v fly_n which_o appear_v almost_o as_o entire_a as_o it_o have_v take_v they_o but_o it_o be_v know_v that_o this_o happen_v to_o serpent_n which_o do_v evacuate_v animal_n whole_a as_o they_o have_v swallow_v they_o and_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o draw_v the_o nutritive_a juice_n from_o the_o food_n be_v different_a in_o different_a creature_n that_o some_o must_v dissolve_v what_o they_o eat_v and_o therefore_o they_o do_v first_o chew_n it_o and_o afterward_o reduce_v it_o into_o liquor_n in_o their_o stomach_n that_o other_o who_o swallow_v without_o chew_v have_v a_o heat_n and_o spirit_n powerful_a enough_o to_o extract_v the_o juice_n they_o have_v need_n of_o without_o break_v that_o which_o contain_v it_o even_o as_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o rape_n where_o the_o stone_n remain_v whole_a as_o from_o a_o what_fw-mi wherein_o they_o be_v bruise_v by_o these_o observation_n we_o think_v there_o be_v not_o less_o reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v start_v touch_v the_o aerial_a nourishment_n of_o the_o chameleon_n than_o we_o have_v have_v to_o reject_v that_o which_o they_o have_v establish_v touch_v the_o change_n of_o colour_n which_o they_o have_v say_v happen_v to_o it_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o different_a thing_n which_o it_o approach_v after_o have_v observe_v that_o except_o the_o white_a which_o our_o chameleon_n take_v in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n all_o the_o other_o colour_n wherewith_o it_o be_v cover_v proceed_v not_o from_o the_o thing_n which_o it_o touch_v and_o it_o be_v rational_a to_o think_v that_o the_o white_a which_o it_o receive_v in_o a_o cold_a linen_n clothe_v where_o it_o be_v keep_v some_o time_n as_o under_o a_o cloak_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o cold_a which_o general_o make_v it_o grow_v pale_a because_o that_o very_a day_n be_v the_o cold_a of_o all_o those_o whereon_o we_o observe_v it_o and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o naturalist_n and_o those_o which_o study_v morality_n may_v not_o be_v trouble_v for_o curious_a subject_n to_o exercise_v their_o philosophy_n which_o they_o think_v to_o have_v find_v in_o the_o extraordinary_a particular_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v leave_v in_o write_v concern_v the_o wonder_n of_o the_o chameleon_n nourishment_n and_o change_n of_o colour_n we_o do_v think_v that_o the_o new_a observation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o its_o eye_n and_o that_o of_o its_o tongue_n and_o the_o
toe_n be_v equal_a have_v each_o their_o three_o phalanges_fw-la and_o the_o pollex_n not_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o other_o toe_n than_o the_o rest_n be_v from_o each_o other_o the_o nose_n eye_n and_o shape_n of_o the_o whole_a head_n do_v hardly_o render_v it_o different_a from_o the_o castor_n the_o tooth_n only_o be_v unlike_a not_o be_v sharp_a nor_o so_o strong_a as_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n which_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o aristotle_n have_v mistake_v the_o otter_n for_o the_o castor_n when_o he_o exaggerate_v after_o the_o manner_n already_o show_v the_o strange_a force_n of_o its_o bite_a for_o our_o otter_n have_v not_o those_o four_o great_a and_o long_a incisore_n which_o be_v particular_a to_o the_o castor_n and_o some_o other_o animal_n as_o the_o hare_n squirel_n and_o rat_n all_o the_o tooth_n be_v make_v like_o those_o of_o the_o dog_n or_o wolf_n and_o the_o canini_n be_v as_o be_v usual_a long_o than_o the_o incisore_n so_o that_o these_o tooth_n make_v all_o the_o resemblance_n that_o we_o find_v the_o otter_n to_o have_v with_o the_o dog_n although_o bellonius_fw-la report_v that_o it_o have_v its_o head_n and_o aelian_a call_v it_o the_o river-dog_n the_o ear_n which_o be_v little_a as_o in_o the_o castor_n be_v low_a than_o the_o eye_n and_o situate_v near_o the_o low_a jaw_n the_o hair_n be_v not_o half_a so_o long_o as_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n contain_v in_o that_o place_n of_o the_o body_n where_o it_o be_v long_a but_o eight_o line_n whereas_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v eighteen_o it_o be_v colour_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n but_o not_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o author_n do_v express_v it_o for_o they_o do_v report_n that_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o castor_n incline_v more_o to_o grey_n and_o we_o have_v find_v the_o contrary_a our_o otter_n have_v the_o hair_n underneath_o its_o throat_n stomach_n and_o belly_n much_o greyer_n than_o it_o be_v in_o our_o castor_n the_o hair_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v short_a than_o upon_o the_o body_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n long_o than_o on_o the_o foot_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hair_n viz._n on_o the_o head_n and_o back_o be_v of_o a_o colour_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n and_o of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o long_o brown_a straight_a and_o thick_a the_o other_o short_a grayer_n more_o frizzle_a and_o soft_a to_o finish_v the_o description_n of_o the_o outside_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o a_o particular_a very_o remarkable_a and_o which_o great_o distinguish_v the_o otter_n not_o only_o from_o the_o castor_n but_o even_o from_o other_o brute_n which_o be_v the_o extraordinary_a formation_n of_o the_o exterior_a orifice_n of_o the_o matrix_fw-la where_o we_o find_v the_o nymphae_n and_o a_o clitoris_n as_o in_o woman_n the_o clitoris_n which_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o nymphae_n and_o beyond_o their_o junction_n be_v three_o line_n in_o length_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o membrane_n and_o ligament_n which_o enclose_v a_o bone_n two_o line_n long_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o part_n which_o be_v see_v by_o the_o dissection_n be_v yet_o more_o different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n than_o the_o exterior_a be_v the_o liver_n which_o contain_v but_o five_o lobe_n in_o the_o castor_n have_v six_o in_o our_o otter_n the_o spleen_n which_o be_v cylindrical_a in_o the_o castor_n and_o very_o small_a not_o exceed_v ten_o line_n diameter_n and_o seven_o inch_n in_o length_n be_v flat_a in_o the_o otter_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o four_o and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o its_o connexion_n be_v so_o particular_a that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o castor_n but_o from_o almost_o all_o other_o animal_n in_o which_o the_o spleen_n be_v general_o fasten_v to_o the_o stomach_n whereas_o in_o our_o otter_n it_o be_v at_o the_o epiploon_n the_o kidney_n be_v three_o inch_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a in_o the_o castor_n they_o be_v not_o two_o in_o length_n but_o the_o principal_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o conformation_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o it_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o a_o bear_n those_o of_o the_o otter_n differ_v only_o in_o the_o number_n of_o little_a kidney_n whereof_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v compose_v for_o instead_o of_o fifty_o two_o little_a kidney_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o bear_n there_o be_v only_o ten_o in_o the_o otter_n which_o be_v separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o each_o have_v their_o parenchyma_n vena_fw-la and_o arteria_fw-la emulgens_fw-la apart_o with_o a_o three_o vessel_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o pelvis_n which_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o ureter_n produce_v and_o ten_o branch_n of_o which_o go_v to_o each_o little_a kidney_n one_o these_o little_a kidney_n beside_o a_o common_a membrane_n that_o envelop_v they_o have_v store_n of_o fibres_n which_o tie_v and_o collect_v they_o into_o a_o heap_n which_o have_v a_o figure_n somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o kidney_n usual_o have_v and_o there_o be_v one_o of_o these_o small_a kidney_n which_o be_v a_o little_a more_o separate_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o which_o extend_v this_o figure_n towards_o the_o top_n so_o that_o this_o little_a kidney_n may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o capsula_fw-la atrabilaria_n the_o pancreas_n be_v compose_v of_o conglomerated_a gland_n like_a that_o of_o the_o castor_n and_o generality_n of_o other_o animal_n but_o they_o appear_v more_o distinct_a and_o separate_a one_o from_o the_o other_o than_o usual_a the_o lung_n as_o in_o the_o castor_n be_v compose_v of_o seven_o lobe_n six_o of_o which_o be_v equal_a in_o size_n and_o the_o seven_o very_o small_a which_o seem_v only_o a_o appendix_n of_o the_o six_o we_o careful_o seek_v in_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o animal_n while_o they_o do_v remain_v without_o breathe_v in_o the_o belly_n of_o their_o dam_n for_o supply_v the_o use_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o respiration_n which_o be_v to_o assist_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v make_v through_o the_o lung_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o dilatation_n and_o compression_n of_o this_o part_n we_o have_v former_o make_v this_o search_n in_o the_o castor_n because_o that_o some_o have_v think_v that_o that_o animal_n have_v need_n of_o this_o conformation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o make_v it_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o cessation_n of_o respiration_n which_o it_o undergo_v when_o it_o plunge_v and_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n but_o we_o find_v not_o this_o foramen_fw-la open_a nor_o that_o there_o be_v other_o conveyance_n which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n than_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lung_n yet_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o we_o observe_v some_o vestigia_fw-la of_o this_o aperture_n which_o seem_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o have_v not_o be_v long_o close_v which_o appear_v to_o we_o the_o more_o probable_a for_o that_o we_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o castor_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n shut_v up_o in_o his_o hutt_n without_o have_v liberty_n to_o plunge_v into_o the_o water_n and_o that_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o this_o foramen_fw-la be_v stop_v as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o all_o animal_n a_o little_a after_o their_o birth_n when_o the_o faculty_n which_o they_o have_v of_o breathe_v render_v this_o foramen_fw-la useless_a but_o in_o our_o otter_n we_o find_v not_o any_o appearance_n that_o there_o ever_o have_v be_v a_o foramen_fw-la which_o may_v grant_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o this_o sufficient_o agree_v with_o the_o remark_n which_o all_o author_n have_v make_v that_o the_o otter_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o force_v to_o raise_v itself_o above_o the_o water_n to_o breath_n which_o the_o castor_n do_v not_o have_v a_o much_o great_a facility_n of_o want_v respiration_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o other_o part_n which_o have_v be_v careful_o dissect_v have_v furnish_v we_o with_o nothing_o considerable_a and_o which_o deserve_v to_o be_v remark_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o civet-cat_n it_o be_v dispose_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o one_o may_v see_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o pouch_n in_o which_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n and_o the_o three_o aperture_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o animal_n and_o which_o be_v more_o distinct_o represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o penis_n forcible_o draw_v outward_o b_o b._n the_o anus_fw-la of_o the_o
like_o a_o epiploon_n the_o upper_a part_n which_o cover_v the_o ventricles_n be_v thin_a and_o transparent_a without_o fat_a gland_n or_o apparent_a vessel_n the_o part_n which_o descend_v to_o enclose_v the_o intestine_n have_v some_o vessel_n and_o fat_a but_o in_o a_o very_a little_a quantity_n the_o spleen_n be_v round_o thin_a and_o whole_o adherent_a to_o the_o great_a ventricle_n it_o be_v six_o inch_n diameter_n the_o vessel_n which_o do_v make_v the_o vas_n breve_fw-la be_v utter_o imperceptible_a the_o gibbous_a and_o upper_a part_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n by_o three_o strong_a ligament_n the_o liver_n have_v but_o one_o lobe_n and_o be_v only_o cleave_v before_o and_o quite_o whole_a within_o the_o right_a side_n be_v somewhat_o more_o extend_v that_o the_o leave_v and_o make_v a_o point_n towards_o the_o kidney_n there_o be_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o kidney_n be_v very_o large_a be_v five_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o broad_a there_o be_v no_o ren_fw-it succenturiatus_fw-la the_o penis_n have_v no_o bone_n the_o proper_a membrane_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o glandulous_a substance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o inseparable_a therefrom_o and_o more_o than_o usual_a in_o other_o animal_n over_o this_o membrane_n be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o blood-vessel_n some_o whereof_o be_v straight_o and_o as_o big_a as_o a_o bodkin_n other_o be_v undulate_v and_o as_o it_o be_v frizzle_a very_o small_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin._n the_o glandulous_a substance_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v yellow_a that_o of_o the_o epididymis_fw-la of_o a_o pale_a livid_fw-la red._n the_o unite_n of_o the_o vasa_n praeparantia_fw-la be_v wreathe_v and_o confound_v and_o make_v a_o tube_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o finger_n which_o produce_v the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o cover_v and_o embrace_v the_o top_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n even_o as_o the_o cup_n of_o a_o acorne_n this_o part_n resemble_v a_o acorne_n do_v produce_v a_o body_n about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n which_o descend_v along_o the_o body_n of_o the_o testicle_n be_v there_o fasten_v and_o make_v towards_o the_o bottom_n a_o kind_n of_o a_o teat_n from_o whence_o it_o return_v along_o the_o side_n opposite_a to_o that_o by_o which_o it_o descend_v and_o form_v the_o vas_n deferens_fw-la which_o be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n four_o on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o three_o on_o the_o left_a the_o heart_n be_v very_o large_a almost_o round_o and_o soft_a because_o that_o the_o ventricles_n be_v very_o large_a there_o be_v a_o bone_n as_o usual_o in_o staggs_n to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o stag_n we_o do_v join_v that_o of_o the_o hind_n to_o discover_v wherein_o these_o two_o animal_n do_v agree_v and_o in_o what_o they_o be_v unlike_a beside_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sex._n the_o height_n of_o this_o hind_n be_v two_o foot_n eight_o inch_n from_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o the_o hind-legg_n from_o the_o knee_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o heel_n one_o foot_n the_o hair_n be_v of_o four_o colour_n viz._n fallow_a white_a black_a and_o grace_n there_o be_v some_o white_a under_o the_o belly_n and_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n on_o the_o back_o it_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a fallow_a on_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o isabella-fallow_a both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n be_v mark_v with_o white_a spot_n of_o different_a figure_n along_o the_o back_n there_o be_v two_o row_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n the_o rest_n be_v confuse_o speckled_a along_o the_o flank_n there_o be_v on_o each_o side_n a_o white_a line_n the_o neck_n and_o head_n be_v grace_n the_o tail_n all_o white_a underneath_o and_o black_a at_o top_n the_o hair_n be_v six_o inch_n long_o the_o epiploon_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la direct_o over_o the_o navel_n and_o envelop_v the_o intestine_n underneath_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o very_o thin_a membrane_n and_o small_a vessel_n without_o fat_a it_o be_v double_a the_o liver_n be_v small_a and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o stagg_n in_o that_o it_o be_v not_o separate_v into_o several_a lobe_n have_v only_o the_o fissure_n which_o be_v general_o at_o top_n towards_o the_o middle_n and_o a_o other_o underneath_o incline_v to_o the_o right_a side_n there_o be_v not_o also_o any_o gallbladder_n the_o four_o ventricles_n be_v better_o distinguish_v and_o separate_v each_o from_o other_o than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o stagg_n where_o there_o be_v distinct_o see_v but_o two_o the_o first_o and_o great_a ventricle_n have_v on_o the_o inside_n a_o membrane_n easy_o separable_a from_o that_o of_o the_o outside_n as_o in_o the_o gazella_n this_o internal_a membrane_n be_v rough_a by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o asperite_n or_o teat_n as_o be_v general_o see_v in_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud._n all_o this_o great_a ventricle_n be_v contract_v in_o several_a place_n and_o separate_v in_o different_a pouch_n as_o in_o the_o stagg_n it_o be_v fill_v with_o grass_n among_o which_o there_o be_v find_v several_a piece_n of_o skin_n of_o shoe-sole_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o crown-piece_n some_o piece_n of_o lead_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o nail_n which_o seem_v wear_v and_o fret_v and_o some_o fragment_n of_o slate_n this_o may_v make_v one_o to_o think_v that_o these_o sort_n of_o animal_n do_v hasty_o gather_v their_o food_n in_o the_o field_n and_o that_o they_o do_v wait_v to_o cull_v it_o leisurely_o when_o they_o chew_n it_n the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n be_v not_o different_a from_o those_o of_o sheep_n the_o intestine_n be_v very_o long_o as_o in_o the_o stagg_n but_o less_o in_o proportion_n they_o measure_v in_o all_o forty_o foot_n there_o be_v two_o sort_n the_o first_o which_o make_v about_o a_o quarter_n be_v grayish_a and_o plait_v in_o folds_n six_o inch_n long_o the_o other_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a and_o fold_v very_o small_a in_o cell_n the_o mesentery_n be_v compose_v of_o very_o fine_a membrane_n the_o spleen_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o hard_a thick_a and_o whiteish_a membrane_n its_o figure_n be_v round_o it_o be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o stagg_n strong_o knit_v to_o the_o ventricle_n and_o diaphragme_n the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la be_v long_o and_o bend_v into_o several_a anfractuosity_n their_o extremity_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o testicle_n which_o be_v small_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o each_o of_o these_o horn_n there_o be_v two_o fold_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n which_o do_v form_v some_o leaf_n range_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o horn_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o three_o and_o four_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cudd._n the_o heart_n be_v extraordinary_a large_a and_o soft_a it_o be_v ventricles_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o quantity_n of_o coagulate_v blood_n which_o fill_v they_o the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o two_o jugular_n as_o well_o the_o internal_a as_o external_a have_v each_o sixteen_o valve_n dispose_v in_o six_o row_n about_o two_o inch_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o the_o four_o upper_a row_n consist_v each_o of_o three_o valve_n the_o two_o low_a one_o have_v only_o two_o but_o they_o be_v large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a row_n the_o disposition_n of_o these_o valve_n be_v such_o that_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o sack_n which_o they_o do_v form_n be_v towards_o the_o head_n to_o stop_v as_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o too_o great_a impetuositie_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o fall_v in_o its_o return_n from_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o axillary_a branch_n those_o of_o the_o modern_n who_o be_v ignorant_a what_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n have_v attribute_v this_o use_n to_o all_o the_o valve_n of_o these_o vesseles_a the_o situation_n of_o which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n and_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n after_o the_o manner_n as_o they_o understand_v it_o and_o favourable_a to_o the_o course_n which_o it_o efective_o have_v for_o the_o circulation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o its_o return_n towards_o the_o heart_n bartholinus_n have_v remark_v two_o valve_n in_o one_o of_o the_o jugular_n riolanus_n who_o first_o find_v out_o these_o two_o valve_n affirm_v that_o they_o be_v never_o find_v but_o in_o the_o internal_a jugular_a although_o we_o have_v always_o find_v they_o in_o the_o external_a as_o well_o as_o internal_a but_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n
foot_n in_o find_v only_o in_o animal_n which_o do_v love_n and_o dilight-in_a watery_a place_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o turkey-cock_n take_v no_o pleasure_n in_o fine_a in_o the_o exact_a description_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v of_o the_o meleagris_n it_o be_v impossible_a if_o it_o be_v the_o turkey-cock_n that_o they_o shall_v omit_v the_o remarkable_a and_o particular_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o turkey-cock_n and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o pintado_n such_o as_o be_v the_o way_n of_o display_v its_o tail_n of_o drag_v its_o wing_n against_o the_o ground_n of_o extend_v and_o suffer_v the_o comb_n on_o its_o head_n to_o hang_v of_o have_v the_o neck_n rough_a and_o whole_o void_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o have_v a_o lock_n of_o black_a hair_n at_o the_o breast_n as_o for_o what_o respect_v the_o inward_a part_n we_o find_v the_o oesophagus_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n range_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la it_o be_v enlarge_v before_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o thorax_n and_o make_v a_o craw_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tennis_n ball_n when_o it_o be_v blow_v up_o afterward_o it_o be_v contract_v to_o pass_v through_o the_o thorax_n this_o contract_a part_n measure_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n this_o whole_a oesophagus_n be_v spread_v over_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o vessel_n which_o be_v not_o visible_a in_o the_o passage_n which_o from_o the_o dilatation_n that_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o craw_n pass_v to_o the_o gizzard_n this_o passage_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n hardder_n white_a and_o more_o nervous_a than_o the_o rest_n the_o gizzard_n be_v as_o in_o the_o hen._n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fill_v only_o with_o gravel_n it_o be_v internal_a membrane_n be_v very_o much_o plait_v and_o easy_o separable_a from_o the_o fleshy_a part_n it_o be_v substance_n be_v like_a to_o white_a glue_n so_o that_o this_o membrane_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o gizzard_n be_v easy_o dry_v and_o wax_v hard_a and_o brittle_a like_o glass_n the_o intestine_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o without_o reckon_v the_o two_o caecum_n which_o be_v each_o six_o inch_n the_o duodenum_fw-la be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o other_o be_v above_o eight_o line_n the_o caecum_n be_v not_o of_o a_o uniform_a breadth_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n but_o do_v go_v enlarge_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o receive_v vessel_n therefrom_o like_o the_o other_o intestine_n there_o be_v no_o pancreas_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n which_o at_o the_o top_n have_v each_o a_o cavitie_n to_o receive_v the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o right_a side_n the_o low_a extremity_n of_o the_o lobe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o top_n downward_o and_o to_o the_o bladder_n which_o the_o lung_n form_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n in_o most_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n and_o fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o hard_a yellow_a grain_n some_o as_o large_a as_o pease_n and_o other_o less_o we_o find_v a_o gallbladder_n only_o in_o two_o of_o our_o subject_n in_o the_o one_o it_o be_v nine_o line_n in_o length_n and_o six_o in_o breadth_n it_o have_v a_o ductus_fw-la from_o its_o bottom_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a near_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o four_o line_n broad_a be_v fasten_v to_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n and_o the_o ductus_fw-la be_v from_o its_o middle_n and_o not_o from_o its_o low_a extremity_n and_o insert_v itself_o into_o the_o intestine_a four_o finger_n beneath_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o subject_n which_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o ramus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la be_v there_o find_v very_o large_a and_o visible_a it_o measure_v five_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a six_o inch_n beyond_o the_o pylorus_n towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gizzard_n there_o be_v a_o body_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n nine_o line_n long_o and_o of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o a_o firm_a substance_n it_o have_v connexion_n with_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n with_o that_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la and_o with_o the_o intestine_n and_o ventricle_n by_o some_o very_a visible_a branch_n some_o modern_a author_n have_v observe_v that_o bird_n which_o have_v a_o fleshy_a ventricle_n have_v no_o spleen_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o body_n can_v be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o spleen_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o connexion_n as_o of_o the_o sympathy_n which_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v with_o the_o liver_n because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o subject_n where_o the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n this_o part_n be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n although_o the_o hard_a and_o compact_a substance_n of_o this_o body_n in_o the_o subject_n where_o it_o be_v scirrhous_n and_o its_o figure_n so_o regular_o oval_a may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o it_o be_v a_o testicle_n but_o there_o be_v two_o other_o round_a body_n four_o line_n diameter_n couch_v on_o the_o loin_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la which_o be_v the_o true_a testicle_n in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n these_o round_a body_n be_v single_a and_o fasten_v on_o the_o place_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_n the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la it_o make_v all_o the_o bladder_n to_o swell_v which_o receive_v the_o air_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o that_o do_v descend_v into_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o pericardium_n be_v likewise_o blow_v up_o this_o remark_n may_v be_v of_o some_o importance_n to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o respiration_n and_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o air_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v introduce_v into_o the_o thorax_n may_v bring_v to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o compression_n it_o may_v there_o cause_n by_o the_o impression_n of_o its_o quality_n by_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o fume_n which_o it_o incessant_o exhale_v in_o the_o continual_a heat_n in_o which_o it_o be_v etc._n etc._n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o pericardium_n be_v not_o just_o fit_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o heart_n as_o be_v usual_a but_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n extend_v towards_o the_o point_n make_v a_o sack_n or_o appendix_n half_a a_o inch_n long_o in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n this_o appendix_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n long_o for_o descend_v between_o the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n it_o go_v to_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o gizzard_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la after_o have_v enter_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n have_v two_o small_a muscle_n which_o be_v knit_v to_o its_o anteriour_a part_n and_o which_o turn_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o somewhat_o downward_o be_v by_o several_a fibre_n unite_v to_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n these_o muscle_n be_v each_o almost_o a_o inch_n long_o round_o like_o a_o cord_n and_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n we_o have_v find_v these_o same_o muscle_n in_o a_o great_a many_o bird_n in_o most_o they_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la to_o the_o sternum_fw-la the_o lung_n be_v of_o spongious_a flesh_n perforate_v with_o several_a little_a hole_n as_o big_a as_o the_o head_n of_o a_o small_a pin_n regular_o place_v as_o well_o full_a as_o empty_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o very_a fine_a tunicle_n they_o be_v of_o a_o pale-red_n incline_v to_o ash-colour_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a and_o five_o thick_a the_o heart_n measure_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o length_n and_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n towards_o its_o basis_n it_o be_v very_o point_v the_o aorta_fw-la be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v turn_v direct_o forward_o be_v still_o in_o the_o heart_n and_o cover_v with_o the_o right_a auricle_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o right_a uentricle_n and_o cross_v over_o in_o this_o place_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o right_a side_n for_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o left_a carotid_n do_v likewise_o appear_v to_o come_v from_o the_o heart_n although_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o trunk_n the_o division_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o form_n the_o iliack_a branch_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_o
communicate_v themselves_o along_o the_o testicle_n to_o which_o they_o insert_v some_o branch_n at_o equal_a space_n in_o this_o place_n they_o be_v exceed_o enveloped_v with_o membrane_n and_o fat_a but_o notwithstanding_o these_o impediment_n their_o structure_n and_o communication_n be_v distinct_o see_v because_o that_o have_v boil_v one_o testicle_n and_o all_o the_o fat_a be_v melt_v the_o vessel_n evident_o appear_v and_o show_v that_o after_o be_v unite_v they_o be_v separate_v to_o rejoin_v again_o the_o deferens_fw-la descend_v along_o the_o spine_n to_o the_o second_o bladder_n be_v there_o fasten_v after_o be_v dilate_v and_o change_v into_o a_o membrane_n this_o ductus_fw-la as_o usual_o be_v solid_a and_o without_o cavity_n at_o its_o beginning_n and_o at_o the_o end_n it_o be_v enlarge_v and_o become_v membranous_a the_o liver_n be_v red_a of_o a_o substance_n hard_a and_o firm_a by_o its_o figure_n it_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o man_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a lobe_n the_o left_a be_v part_v into_o two_o other_o small_a one_o there_o be_v also_o another_o little_a one_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o two_o great_a one_o which_o be_v find_v but_o in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n there_o be_v no_o gallbladder_n but_o only_o a_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la which_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o insert_v itself_o at_o the_o pylorus_n the_o ductus_fw-la be_v form_v by_o the_o unite_n of_o three_o great_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o liver_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o one_o of_o these_o branch_n very_o near_o its_o insertion_n into_o the_o ductus_fw-la there_o be_v a_o dilatation_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o great_a filbeard_n which_o do_v not_o appear_v because_o it_o be_v again_o cover_v over_o by_o the_o parenthyma_n of_o the_o liver_n the_o vena_fw-la porta_n be_v double_a have_v two_o separate_a trunk_n and_o each_o their_o particular_a root_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o big_a be_v fasten_v to_o the_o right_a lobe_n at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o gallbladder_n common_o be_v in_o bird_n the_o second_o the_o lesser_a come_v out_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o left_a lobe_n the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v join_v along_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n right_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi the_o pancreas_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o and_o a_o inch_n broad_a it_o be_v place_v between_o the_o first_o fold_n which_o the_o intestine_n do_v make_v in_o form_n of_o a_o long_a sinuosity_n as_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v of_o a_o true_a flesh-colour_n the_o gland_n whereof_o it_o be_v compose_v be_v whole_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o join_v only_o by_o membrane_n the_o ductus_fw-la pancreaticus_fw-la be_v knit_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o jejunum_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pancreas_n where_o the_o two_o branch_n join_v which_o it_o shoot_v forth_o into_o each_o half_n of_o the_o pancreas_n one_o towards_o the_o top_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n the_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n be_v insert_v near_o the_o cholidochi_n but_o in_o our_o ostrich_n the_o insertion_n of_o the_o pancreaticus_n be_v above_o three_o foot_n distant_a from_o that_o of_o the_o hepaticus_fw-la the_o spleen_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o ventricle_n by_o a_o strong_a membrane_n which_o conduct_v and_o hold_v the_o splenatick_a vessel_n it_o be_v cylindrical_a be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o eight_o line_n diameter_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o little_o small_a at_o the_o bottom_n than_o at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v parenchyma_n be_v solid_a and_o like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o quadrupedes_fw-la the_o kidney_n comprehend_v eight_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n in_o most_o of_o our_o subject_n they_o be_v different_a from_o the_o kidney_n of_o other_o bird_n not_o be_v cut_v into_o several_a lobe_n but_o have_v a_o continuity_n very_o equal_a their_o whole_a substance_n which_o be_v quaggy_a appear_v moreover_o very_o unequal_a as_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o gland_n they_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a membrane_n that_o immediate_o cover_v they_o which_o be_v again_o cover_v over_o with_o another_o strong_a and_o thick_a supply_v the_o use_n of_o the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n the_o colour_n of_o these_o gland_n be_v of_o a_o very_a brisk_a dark_a red._n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n we_o find_v the_o kidney_n be_v cut_v in_o three_o as_o usual_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n be_v large_a than_o that_o of_o the_o middle_n the_o ureter_n be_v not_o as_o in_o other_o bird_n lay_v upon_o the_o kidney_n from_o top_n to_o bottom_n but_o it_o be_v include_v in_o their_o substance_n where_o it_o be_v a_o little_o large_a than_o outward_o as_o it_o be_v to_o form_v a_o pelvis_n which_o be_v about_o the_o length_n of_o the_o kidney_n in_o this_o pelvis_n there_o be_v see_v several_a hole_n which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o branch_n or_o channel_n which_o the_o pelvis_n send_v into_o the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o kidney_n there_o be_v not_o any_o appearance_n of_o papillae_fw-la the_o ring_n which_o compose_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v entire_a but_o a_o little_a compress_v which_o give_v they_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o larynx_n consist_v of_o one_o cricoide_n and_o one_o arytaenoide_n the_o cricoide_v resemble_v that_o of_o a_o man_n and_o the_o arytaenoide_n be_v make_v of_o two_o flat_a and_o large_a cartilage_n articulate_v with_o the_o cricoide_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o muscle_n between_o they_o they_o leave_v a_o aperture_n of_o six_o line_n which_o make_v the_o glottis_fw-la these_o two_o cartilage_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o one_o muscle_n which_o plain_o serve_v to_o close_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la by_o draw_v they_o together_o the_o diaphragme_n be_v not_o single_a as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o partition_n which_o separate_v the_o part_n contain_v in_o the_o thorax_n from_o those_o of_o the_o low_a venture_n but_o there_o be_v several_a diaphragme_n which_o make_v a_o great_a many_o separation_n by_o divide_v the_o cavity_n of_o all_o this_o part_n of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v call_v the_o trunk_n into_o six_o other_o cavity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o five_o partition_n which_o may_v be_v take_v for_o as_o many_o diaphragme_n there_o be_v four_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n or_o partition_n who_o situation_n be_v direct_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n and_o a_o five_o seat_v a_o cross._n of_o the_o four_o straight_o one_o two_o be_v little_a and_o two_o great_a the_o little_a one_o cover_v the_o lung_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o side_n and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o four_o upper_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o cover_v these_o bladder_n as_o the_o little_a one_o cover_v the_o lung_n leave_v a_o great_a space_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o heart_n and_o liver_n be_v include_v together_o the_o five_o diaphragme_n which_o be_v seat_v crosswise_o go_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o other_o separated_z the_o heart_n and_o liver_n from_o the_o gizzard_n the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o which_o the_o two_o inferior_a bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v likewise_o hold_v so_o that_o the_o six_o cavivity_n be_v a_o great_a one_o of_o the_o low_a venture_n another_o great_a one_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thorax_n seat_v over_o the_o first_o two_o middling_a one_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o second_o which_o contain_v the_o four_o upper_a bladder_n and_o two_o little_a one_o at_o the_o side_n of_o these_o middling_a one_o where_o the_o right_a and_o left_a lung_n be_v enclose_v each_o of_o the_o little_a diaphragme_n which_o we_o call_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n because_o that_o it_o be_v fleshy_a and_o cover_v the_o lung_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la very_o fleshy_a which_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o head_n fasten_v towards_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o great_a rib_n near_o the_o angle_n which_o they_o do_v make_v with_o other_o little_a rib_n that_o fasten_v they_o to_o the_o sternum_n instead_o of_o the_o cartilage_n which_o knit_v they_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n these_o six_o head_n do_v altogether_o produce_v a_o large_a tendon_n or_o aponeurosis_n which_o be_v couch_v on_o the_o lung_n go_v to_o join_v itself_o with_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o other_o opposite_a muscle_n on_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n to_o which_o it_o be_v also_o strong_o connect_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v oblique_a incline_v a_o little_a
towards_o the_o bottom_n so_o that_o its_o action_n be_v to_o contract_v the_o thorax_n by_o close_v the_o rib_n and_o draw_v they_o downward_o each_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n which_o be_v only_o a_o membrane_n without_o musculous_a flesh_n and_o consequent_o without_o action_n and_o serve_v only_o for_o a_o partition_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o to_o merit_n rather_o the_o name_n of_o diaphragme_n than_o the_o two_o little_a one_o that_o be_v musculous_a and_o also_o than_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n which_o serve_v for_o other_o purpose_n than_o to_o separate_v the_o upper_a belly_n from_o the_o low_a be_v principal_o employ_v by_o its_o motion_n in_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v free_a as_o be_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n for_o the_o respiration_n which_o be_v call_v violent_a and_o force_v the_o which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o dilatation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n each_o of_o these_o diaphragme_n be_v join_v at_o the_o top_n and_o at_o the_o fore-side_n along_o each_o rib_n of_o the_o strnum_fw-la which_o be_v very_o broad_a in_o our_o ostrich_n as_o it_o common_o be_v in_o bird_n at_o its_o backpart_n it_o join_v to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o this_o aponeurosis_n to_o the_o vertibrae_fw-la of_o the_o back_o at_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o transverse_a diaphragme_n be_v seat_v a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la it_o proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a diaphragme_n and_o cle_n a_o ving_z on_o the_o forepart_n to_o the_o transverse_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o on_o the_o hind-part_n to_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n it_o go_v to_o fasten_v itself_o to_o the_o other_o great_a diaphragme_n underneath_o it_o be_v garnish_v with_o fat_a about_o the_o thickness_n of_o one_o finger_n the_o lung_n be_v include_v between_o the_o rib_n and_o little_a diaphragme_n call_v by_o we_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o red_a and_o spongious_a fleshy_a part_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n they_o be_v each_o ten_o inch_n long_o and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a thick_a each_o of_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la enter_v into_o the_o lung_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v into_o its_o whole_a parenchyma_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n except_o that_o all_o these_o branch_n be_v simple_o membranous_a without_o any_o cartilage_n the_o air_n pass_v into_o these_o branch_n go_v to_o the_o external_a surface_n of_o the_o parenchyma_n which_o be_v pierce_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a hole_n which_o be_v see_v through_o a_o very_a thin_a coat_n wherewith_o the_o whole_a lung_n be_v cover_v to_o enclose_v the_o air_n and_o let_v it_o out_o only_o through_o five_o hole_n each_o about_o five_o line_n diameter_n and_o rank_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o lung_n some_o towards_o the_o backbone_n other_o towards_o the_o sternum_n those_o hole_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o sternum_n pierce_v the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o bladder_n be_v oblique_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v thus_o form_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v voluntary_o retain_v in_o these_o bladder_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o by_o contract_v itself_o may_v lessen_v this_o hole_n for_o some_o use_n which_o may_v be_v conjecture_v as_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o four_o bladder_n which_o be_v on_o each_o side_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v include_v as_o have_v be_v say_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n where_o with_o they_o be_v cover_v over_o the_o coat_n of_o each_o bladder_n be_v fasten_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n at_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bladder_n between_o which_o it_o be_v the_o five_o bladder_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o include_v between_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o between_o the_o two_o diaphragme_n with_o the_o intestine_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o that_o they_o touch_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n only_o at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v pierce_v to_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o lung_n in_o eagle_n and_o some_o other_o bird_n we_o find_v these_o bladder_n fasten_v by_o the_o bottom_n to_o a_o membrane_n exceed_o load_v with_o fat_a which_o enclose_v as_o in_o a_o sack_n the_o ventricle_n and_o intestine_n and_o which_o we_o have_v take_v for_o a_o epiploon_n the_o part_n of_o this_o structure_n can_v not_o be_v so_o well_o observe_v in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tenderness_n of_o the_o coat_n whereof_o these_o bladder_n be_v compose_v which_o in_o the_o ostrich_n be_v about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o hog_n bladder_n and_o we_o find_v those_o of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n four_o time_n thick_a be_v scirrhous_n but_o in_o most_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a not_o to_o cut_v they_o in_o make_v the_o dissection_n and_o they_o can_v be_v well_o view_v only_o by_o keep_v they_o extend_v by_o blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la this_o knowledge_n of_o this_o structure_n give_v the_o society_n a_o occasion_n of_o make_v several_a reflection_n on_o the_o manner_n of_o respiration_n in_o general_n and_o on_o that_o particular_a to_o bird_n to_o endeavour_v to_o arrive_v at_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o use_n which_o these_o organ_n must_v have_v which_o be_v so_o different_a in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v consider_v that_o respiration_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o to_o the_o voice_n but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o useful_a for_o the_o concoction_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n by_o the_o continual_a agitation_n and_o constriction_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o press_v the_o lung_n fill_v with_o air_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v render_v like_o soft_a pillow_n make_v that_o they_o gentle_o squeeze_v out_o not_o only_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o their_o vessel_n and_o push_v it_o into_o the_o heart_n but_o do_v also_o compress_v the_o other_o vessel_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n to_o favour_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o violent_a action_n where_o the_o retention_n of_o respiration_n be_v necessary_a for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o make_v the_o blood_n to_o rise_v up_o into_o the_o face_n but_o the_o manner_n whereby_o respiration_n be_v accomplish_v by_o inspiration_n and_o expiration_n do_v evident_o demonstrate_v the_o verity_n of_o this_o use_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n for_o inspiration_n be_v perform_v when_o the_o thorax_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o rib_n and_o sternum_n which_o render_v its_o capacity_n more_o ample_a and_o by_o the_o relaxation_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o likewise_o diminish_v the_o capacity_n because_o that_o it_o make_v it_o to_o mount_v on_o high_a and_o take_v up_o a_o part_n of_o the_o thorax_n now_o this_o relaxation_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n passive_a be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o powerful_a effort_n that_o expiration_n require_v because_o that_o the_o air_n enclose_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o action_n which_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n do_v cause_n in_o respiration_n will_v be_v capable_a of_o force_v the_o diaphragme_n downward_o if_o not_o thrust_v upward_o by_o some_o power_n which_o act_n strong_o in_o expiration_n this_o power_n be_v double_a one_o be_v that_o of_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la which_o after_o have_v be_v draw_v and_o extend_v in_o the_o inspiration_n when_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n descend_v downward_o do_v afterward_o draw_v the_o same_o centre_n upward_o as_o do_v spring_n which_o after_o have_v be_v force_v return_n to_o its_o first_o state_n by_o a_o action_n which_o galen_n call_v natural_a and_o which_o be_v not_o volentary_a like_o that_o of_o the_o muscle_n so_o that_o he_o attribute_n to_o it_o the_o involuntary_a retraction_n which_o happen'_v to_o the_o part_n by_o muscle_n who_o antagonist_n have_v be_v cut_v the_o other_o power_n which_o make_v the_o diaphragme_n to_o ascend_v be_v that_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o antagonist_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n when_o they_o do_v compress_v whatever_o be_v contain_v under_o the_o diaphragme_n for_o
by_o this_o action_n make_v the_o liver_n ventricle_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n to_o rise_v up_o they_o force_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n upward_o which_o afterward_o descend_v when_o by_o its_o proper_a action_n which_o be_v extension_n it_o again_o take_v the_o strait_a and_o flat_a figure_n which_o the_o contraction_n of_o the_o fibre_n do_v give_v it_o this_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n on_o the_o viscera_n be_v so_o powerful_a that_o the_o ventricle_n have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v to_o have_v be_v push_v into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o thorax_n when_o the_o diaphragme_n have_v receive_v a_o great_a wound_n as_o paraeus_n sennertus_n and_o hildanâ—…s_n do_v testify_v by_o these_o action_n of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n on_o the_o viscera_n make_v they_o to_o ascend_v and_o of_o that_o of_o the_o diaphragme_n make_v they_o afterward_o to_o descend_v and_o by_o the_o continuity_n of_o these_o alternate_a motion_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o respiration_n be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o the_o humour_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a venture_n what_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o its_o ventricles_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o this_o compression_n and_o agitation_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o chyle_n as_o that_o of_o the_o heart_n serve_v to_o force_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n but_o that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o chyle_n by_o the_o division_n attenuation_n and_o mixture_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o food_n which_o this_o continual_a agitation_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v these_o action_n which_o be_v essential_o necessary_a for_o life_n and_o which_o must_v be_v porform_v in_o bird_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v there_o also_o perform_v by_o respiration_n although_o with_o different_a organ_n for_o though_o the_o diaphragme_n of_o those_o bird_n that_o have_v it_o musculous_a or_o at_o least_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o ostrich_n have_v some_o tension_n and_o relaxation_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o the_o lung_n and_o its_o bladder_n be_v compress_v it_o have_v not_o that_o motion_n which_o it_o have_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n by_o which_o the_o viscera_n be_v sometime_o force_v upward_o sometime_o downward_o and_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n can_v compress_v they_o but_o very_o feeble_o because_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o sternum_n who_o size_n must_v be_v exceed_o great_a as_o it_o be_v to_o give_v rise_v to_o the_o great_a muscle_n which_o do_v draw_v the_o wing_n downward_o the_o force_n of_o these_o muscle_n be_v unable_a to_o answer_v the_o powerful_a action_n of_o flight_n if_o they_o be_v less_o so_o that_o this_o weakness_n of_o the_o museles_a of_o the_o low_a venture_n and_o diaphragme_n must_v be_v supply_v in_o bird_n by_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v alternate_o fill_v and_o empty_v in_o their_o respiration_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o act_n be_v thus_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v dilate_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n the_o air_n enter_v into_o the_o lung_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o the_o lung_n into_o the_o bladder_n but_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o it_o enter_v only_o into_o those_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o thorax_n because_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o by_o dilate_v the_o bladder_n contain_v in_o the_o low_a belly_n can_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o for_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v then_o that_o they_o shrink_v and_o that_o the_o air_n which_o they_o contain_v re-enter_v into_o the_o lung_n but_o when_o afterward_o the_o thorax_n be_v compress_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n lock_v up_o in_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o thorax_n be_v thereby_o squeeze_v out_o one_o part_n go_v out_o through_o the_o larynx_n the_o other_o enter_v into_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n and_o swell_v they_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v evacuate_v and_o afterward_o when_o the_o upper_a bladder_n be_v fill_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o thorax_n they_o do_v receive_v not_o only_o the_o outward_a air_n through_o the_o larynx_n but_o also_o that_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n which_o be_v compress_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o upper_a one_o be_v dilate_v and_o this_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o coat_n do_v return_v into_o their_o first_o state_n by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o spring_n as_o because_o that_o the_o viscera_n which_o have_v be_v force_v and_o compress_v by_o the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o bladder_n do_v in_o their_o turn_n force_v they_o aid_v by_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n notwithstanding_o their_o smallness_n this_o make_v a_o reciprocation_n and_o vicissitude_n of_o impulsion_n which_o supply_v the_o potent_a action_n produce_v by_o the_o great_a muscle_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o terrestrial_a animal_n this_o action_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n be_v plain_o see_v when_o they_o be_v dissect_v alive_a we_o have_v make_v the_o experiment_n thereof_o in_o great_a bird_n as_o goose_n and_o turkeycock_n in_o which_o have_v open_v the_o low_a belly_n without_o hurt_v the_o bladder_n which_o be_v there_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o when_o the_o thorax_n be_v depress_v in_o the_o expiration_n the_o low_a bladder_n do_v swell_v and_o that_o when_o it_o be_v dilate_v for_o inspiration_n they_o do_v shrink_v this_o particular_a manner_n which_o bird_n have_v in_o their_o respiration_n may_v be_v explain_v by_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v make_v after_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o respiration_n of_o bird_n for_o these_o bellow_n have_v a_o double_a capacity_n to_o receive_v the_o air._n the_o first_o be_v that_o underneath_o which_o receive_v the_o air_n when_o the_o bellows_o be_v open_v and_o this_o capacity_n represent_v the_o upper_a bladder_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o thorax_n the_o second_o capacity_n be_v that_o above_o which_o represent_v the_o bladder_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n for_o when_o the_o inferior_a capacity_n be_v contract_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o bellows_o the_o air_n which_o it_o have_v receive_v enter_v through_o a_o hole_n with_o which_o it_o be_v pierce_v and_o pass_v into_o the_o upper_a capacity_n so_o that_o the_o air_n forcible_o thrust_v do_v enlarge_v this_o capacity_n by_o make_v the_o upper_a board_n to_o rise_v this_o hole_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a board_n between_o they_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o diaphragme_n between_o the_o two_o capacity_n that_o compose_v the_o bellows_o which_o be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n in_o that_o their_o situation_n be_v different_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o bladder_n which_o do_v first_o receive_v the_o air_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a part_n in_o bird_n and_o in_o the_o inferior_a in_o the_o bellows_o of_o forge_n the_o society_n have_v likewise_o make_v on_o several_a other_o bird_n some_o remark_n concern_v the_o respiration_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o description_n the_o heart_n be_v almost_o round_o be_v six_o inch_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n and_o five_o in_o breadth_n bird_n have_v it_o general_o long_o in_o proportion_n the_o auricles_n be_v small_a and_o the_o ventricles_n great_a the_o aperture_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la be_v very_o large_a without_o any_o valve_n there_o be_v only_o as_o it_o be_v a_o sack_n who_o side_n which_o be_v a_o partition_n between_o its_o cavity_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la do_v serve_v for_o a_o valve_n which_o may_v be_v call_v sigmoide_v this_o structure_n be_v common_a to_o the_o heart_n of_o bird_n the_o other_o valve_n be_v in_o the_o other_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o usual_o the_o aorta_n descede_v along_o the_o right_a side_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o capsula_fw-la form_v by_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o skull_n be_v soft_a in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n we_o find_v a_o fracture_n naturallist_n have_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o ostrich_n fear_v any_o danger_n it_o think_v itself_o in_o safety_n when_o it_o have_v hide_v its_o head._n the_o cerebrum_fw-la with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v but_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o twenty_o line_n broad_a the_o dura_n mater_n divide_v not_o the_o brain_n in_o two_o by_o that_o large_a production_n call_v the_o falx_n
of_o which_o form_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ligament_n be_v convex_a and_o the_o three_o form_v by_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o intestine_a be_v straight_o each_o of_o the_o two_o ligament_n be_v not_o only_o spongious_a as_o it_o be_v ordinary_o in_o other_o animal_n but_o they_o be_v hollow_a with_o a_o long_a cavity_n in_o form_n of_o a_o pipe_n which_o go_v from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la where_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o ligament_n as_o far_o as_o the_o glans_fw-la the_o vessel_n which_o be_v send_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n have_v a_o particular_a distribution_n for_o whereas_o the_o artery_n vein_n and_o nerve_n do_v usual_o all_o three_o run_v upon_o the_o penis_n there_o be_v but_o two_o in_o our_o subject_n and_o the_o vein_n after_o have_v form_v a_o net_n work_n and_o several_a circumvolution_n towards_o the_o root_n of_o the_o penis_n do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o ligament_n and_o produce_v a_o trunk_n which_o run_v along_o the_o internal_a and_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n send_v forth_o several_a branch_n into_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o this_o cavity_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la be_v yet_o more_o extraordinary_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n above_o it_o terminate_v in_o a_o point_n and_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o continuation_n of_o the_o ligament_n not_o differ_v therefrom_o neither_o in_o its_o substance_n nor_o its_o tunicle_n underneath_o it_o have_v two_o flat_a and_o almost_o circular_a append_v ces_fw-fr place_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o the_o great_a which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o glans_fw-la underneath_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o diameter_n the_o least_o which_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o great_a contain_v but_o half_a a_o inch._n it_o have_v moreover_o two_o little_a appendix_n like_o two_o bud_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o line_n all_o the_o glans_fw-la be_v of_o a_o colour_n like_o to_o that_o of_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o tunicle_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la which_o serve_v as_o a_o case_n to_o the_o penis_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a dark_a slate_n colour_n there_o be_v two_o muscle_n serve_v to_o draw_v the_o glans_fw-la inward_o they_o take_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o vertetrae_fw-la lumbares_n and_o pass_v along_o the_o side_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la insert_v themselves_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o penis_n near_o the_o glans_fw-la towards_o the_o middle_n they_o be_v interlace_v with_o two_o other_o muscle_n appoint_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o which_o serve_v they_o as_o a_o poultry_n the_o heart_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n be_v close_v in_o a_o very_a thick_a pericardium_n and_o fasten_v by_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v the_o liver_n it_o be_v figure_n differ_v great_o from_o that_o which_o the_o heart_n general_o have_v for_o instead_o of_o be_v extend_v from_o its_o basis_n to_o its_o point_n its_o great_a dimension_n be_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o be_v three_o inch_n this_o way_n and_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a only_o from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o point_n the_o two_o auricles_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o basis_n be_v very_o loose_a and_o as_o it_o be_v hang_v down_o the_o right_n have_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n to_o a_o inch_n and_o half_o over_o the_o left_a be_v lesser_a the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v have_v two_o trunk_n proceed_v the_o one_o from_o the_o right_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o left_a convey_v the_o blood_n through_o each_o of_o these_o trunk_n into_o each_o of_o the_o auricles_n these_o auricles_n as_o usual_o open_v each_o into_o a_o ventricle_n and_o at_o each_o of_o the_o aperture_n which_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n from_o the_o auricle_n into_o the_o ventricle_n there_o be_v three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_v which_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o this_o kind_n of_o valve_n hinder_v the_o blood_n from_o go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n to_o return_v into_o the_o auricles_n perform_v the_o office_n of_o the_o valvulae_fw-la tricuspide_n beside_o these_o two_o ventricles_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o face_v the_o spine_n there_o be_v a_o three_o in_o the_o forepart_n incline_v a_o little_a towards_o the_o right_a side_n these_o three_o ventricles_n be_v communicate_v by_o several_a aperture_n their_o substance_n not_o be_v solid_a and_o continue_v as_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o other_o animal_n but_o spongious_a and_o compose_v of_o fibres_n and_o fleshy_a column_n contiguous_a only_o to_o each_o other_o and_o interweave_v together_o beside_o the_o strait_a aperture_n which_o be_v between_o these_o column_n there_o be_v other_o more_o capacious_a by_o which_o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n have_v communication_n together_o and_o with_o the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n the_o two_o hinder_v ventricles_n as_o have_v be_v say_v do_v receive_v the_o blood_n from_o the_o two_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o pulmonique_a vein_n which_o be_v double_a there_o be_v one_o on_o each_o side_n for_o these_o vein_n empty_v themselves_o into_o each_o axillary_a do_v mix_v the_o blood_n that_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o lung_n with_o that_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la to_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n from_o which_o the_o aorta_n do_v proceed_v the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n have_v no_o other_o vessel_n than_o the_o pulmonique_a artery_n this_o artery_n as_o well_o as_o the_o aorta_fw-mi have_v three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n the_o action_n of_o which_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o blood_n which_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n from_o re-enter_v when_o the_o ventricles_n have_v dilate_v themselves_o to_o receive_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o the_o lung_n this_o uncommon_a structure_n of_o the_o ventricles_n and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n must_v have_v some_o particular_a use_n on_o which_o we_o will_v not_o declare_v our_o conjecture_n support_v on_o different_a experiment_n till_o after_o have_v show_v that_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v not_o less_o extraordinary_a for_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o structure_n be_v thus_o extraordinary_a in_o these_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a action_n that_o they_o have_v in_o amphibious_a animal_n of_o which_o kind_n the_o tortoise_n be_v the_o aorta_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n which_o form_v two_o cross_n these_o cross_n before_o they_o be_v quite_o turn_v downward_o do_v produce_v the_o axillare_v and_o carotides_n afterward_o the_o left_a cross_n descend_v along_o the_o vertebra_n do_v cast_v forth_o branch_n the_o first_o be_v distribute_v to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n the_o second_o go_v to_o the_o liver_n pancreas_n duodenum_fw-la and_o spleen_n the_o three_o furnish_v branch_n to_o all_o the_o intestine_n afterward_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o right_a cross_n which_o descend_v so_o far_o without_o cast_v forth_o any_o branch_n and_o both_o form_v but_o one_o trunk_n which_o descend_v along_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n give_v branch_n to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n the_o larynx_n be_v compose_v as_o in_o bird_n of_o a_o arytenoide_n and_o cricoide_n articulate_v together_o the_o two_o bone_n which_o do_v each_o make_v one_o of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o hyoide_n be_v not_o articulate_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_z each_z separately_z in_o different_a place_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o hyoide_n the_o cleave_v of_o the_o glottis_fw-la be_v straight_o and_o close_o apparent_o to_o keep_v the_o air_n a_o long_a time_n enclose_v in_o the_o lung_n for_o use_n which_o shall_v be_v afterward_o explain_v it_o may_v be_v also_o believe_v that_o this_o so_o exact_a enclosure_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o water_n from_o enter_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la when_o the_o tortoise_n be_v under_o water_n and_o this_o particular_a conformation_n of_o the_o glottis_fw-la may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o snore_v of_o the_o sea-tortoise_n which_o as_o pliny_n report_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a way_n when_o they_o do_v float_v sleep_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o sea-calf_n which_o be_v likewise_o remarkable_a for_o their_o snore_v have_v also_o their_o glottis_fw-la and_o epiglottis_fw-la extraordinary_a close_o as_o have_v be_v remark_v in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o amphibious_a animal_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o have_v its_o ring_n entire_a be_v separate_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o breast_n into_o two_o long_a branch_n of_o six_o inch_n each_o from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o lung_n these_o branch_n do_v loose_v their_o
out_o and_o make_v it_o pass_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n it_o may_v be_v again_o imagine_v that_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tortoise_n and_o other_o animal_n who_o lung_n be_v absolute_o membranous_a not_o have_v their_o wall_n solid_a like_o those_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o dog_n wherein_o the_o blood_n have_v no_o free_a passage_n from_o one_o ventricle_n to_o the_o other_o but_o across_o the_o lung_n but_o that_o be_v porous_a in_o all_o their_o substance_n and_o also_o open_a one_o into_o the_o other_o by_o very_o large_a hole_n it_o must_v not_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o although_o the_o lung_n remain_v immovable_a whether_o blow_v up_o or_o sink_v the_o circulation_n be_v not_o hinder_v and_o that_o in_o these_o animal_n it_o be_v always_o perform_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o foetus_fw-la because_o that_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la as_o in_o these_o animal_n the_o lung_n receive_v the_o blood_n only_o for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o not_o for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n so_o that_o it_o send_v to_o the_o heart_n only_o the_o remainder_n of_o what_o it_o have_v not_o consume_v and_o in_o fine_a as_o the_o entire_a circulation_n be_v not_o perform_v but_o by_o the_o anastomosis_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o foetus_fw-la it_o be_v do_v also_o in_o the_o other_o animal_n which_o we_o treat_v of_o only_o by_o particular_a aperture_n which_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o heart_n have_v one_o into_o the_o other_o but_o to_o be_v more_o assure_v that_o the_o blood_n circulate_v not_o entire_o through_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o tortoise_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v tie_v up_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v in_o no_o manner_n alter_v and_o that_o the_o circulation_n be_v continue_v always_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n now_o this_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o animal_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n that_o its_o heart_n be_v whitish_a and_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n thin_a before_o the_o blood_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n see_v to_o enter_v in_o and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n from_o which_o the_o aorta_n proceed_v as_o have_v be_v declare_v and_o this_o be_v know_v by_o a_o redness_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n approach_v its_o basis_n and_o which_o disappear_v when_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o it_o for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_n that_o when_o the_o point_n approach_v the_o basis_n it_o be_v then_o that_o the_o heart_n utter_v the_o blood_n from_o its_o ventricles_n because_o that_o at_o this_o very_a instant_n their_o wall_n prese_v inward_o and_o compress_v the_o blood_n do_v cause_v a_o redness_n to_o appear_v in_o this_o place_n the_o compression_n be_v capable_a of_o make_v the_o body_n which_o their_o spongious_a consistence_n have_v render_v opake_v to_o become_v diaphanous_a by_o the_o diminution_n of_o the_o interval_n which_o make_v they_o spongious_a in_o fine_a this_o circulation_n thus_o apparent_a &_o which_o have_v continue_v for_o four_o day_n the_o lung_n be_v open_v and_o cut_v in_o several_a place_n have_v seem_v to_o we_o very_o clear_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o in_o the_o tortoise_n the_o lung_n serve_v not_o for_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n as_o in_o the_o animal_n which_o have_v fleshy_a lung_n the_o true_a use_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o the_o tortoise_n and_o other_o animal_n of_o its_o genus_fw-la be_v a_o thing_n which_o have_v seem_v to_o we_o obscure_a enough_o to_o excite_v we_o to_o examine_v it_o careful_o and_o to_o allow_v we_o the_o boldness_n of_o promote_a thought_n somewhat_o extraordinary_a follow_v the_o liberty_n that_o we_o think_v we_o may_v take_v to_o ourselves_o in_o these_o memoires_n where_o we_o do_v not_o place_v thing_n as_o be_v complete_v but_o only_o as_o material_n which_o may_v be_v employ_v or_o reject_v according_a as_o they_o shall_v be_v find_v fit_a or_o useless_a or_o defective_a when_o time_n by_o new_a experiment_n or_o better_a argumentation_n shall_v better_o make_v know_v their_o worth._n we_o do_v believe_v then_o that_o there_o be_v no_o appearance_n that_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o tortoise_n serve_v for_o the_o entire_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n for_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v allege_v neither_o be_v it_o make_v for_o the_o voice_n the_o tortoise_n be_v absolute_o mute_a and_o it_o be_v not_o conduce_v to_o the_o refreshment_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n nor_o for_o the_o evacuation_n of_o their_o vapour_n see_v that_o it_o want_v the_o continual_a and_o regulate_v motion_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o other_o animal_n and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o these_o purpose_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v only_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n who_o use_n have_v be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n that_o we_o have_v make_v of_o bird_n and_o which_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o preparation_n and_o distribution_n of_o the_o nourishment_n but_o we_o do_v search_v after_o another_o use_n more_o important_a and_o which_o be_v more_o particular_a to_o the_o tortoise_n and_o the_o other_o animal_n of_o its_o species_n do_v better_a answer_n to_o the_o particular_a conformation_n of_o their_o lung_n and_o we_o have_v find_v that_o to_o this_o part_n may_v be_v attribute_v the_o faculty_n that_o the_o tortoise_n have_v of_o raise_v and_o hold_v itself_o above_o the_o water_n and_o of_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o it_o please_v in_o so_o much_o that_o it_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o air-bladder_n which_o be_v find_v in_o most_o fish_n there_o be_v several_a conjecture_n on_o which_o we_o find_v the_o probability_n of_o this_o opinion_n and_o which_o do_v make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o this_o bladder_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o lung_n of_o the_o tortoise_n be_v enlarge_v do_v render_v the_o body_n of_o these_o animal_n light_a enough_o to_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n and_o that_o when_o these_o part_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o air_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o compression_n take_v up_o less_o room_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v straighten_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v less_o extend_v it_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o little_a hollow_a figure_n of_o enamel_n enclose_v in_o a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n do_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n when_o by_o press_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n the_o air_n be_v compress_v which_o be_v enclose_v in_o the_o cavity_n that_o make_v they_o swim_v we_o have_v frequent_o observe_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o a_o tortoise_n be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n it_o cast_v forth_o through_o the_o mouth_n or_o nostril_n several_a bubble_n which_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n form_v by_o the_o overmuch_a air_n that_o it_o have_v in_o its_o lung_n for_o the_o keep_n itself_o in_o a_o just_a equilibrium_n which_o put_v it_o in_o a_o condition_n of_o be_v heavy_a enough_o to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n at_o the_o least_o compression_n which_o its_o muscle_n do_v make_v upon_o its_o lung_n just_a as_o the_o little_a figure_n of_o enamel_n descend_v in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o small_a effort_n that_o be_v make_v to_o compress_v the_o air_n that_o it_o enclose_v and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o comprehend_v that_o if_o the_o tortoise_n be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n relax_n the_o muscle_n that_o do_v compress_v its_o lung_n the_o air_n by_o the_o virtue_n of_o its_o spring_n return_v into_o its_o first_o state_n can_v give_v again_o to_o its_o whole_a body_n the_o extent_n which_o it_o have_v when_o it_o do_v swim_v upon_o the_o water_n the_o probability_n of_o this_o argue_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o experience_n a_o live_a tortoise_n be_v lock_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n on_o which_o there_o be_v with_o wax_n exact_o fasten_v a_o cover_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o there_o go_v a_o glass_n pipe._n the_o vessel_n be_v full_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o water_n appear_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n pipe_n we_o observe_v the_o water_n do_v sometime_o ascend_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o that_o sometime_o it_o descend_v now_o this_o can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o augmentation_n and_o dimunition_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o tortoise_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o when_o the_o tortoise_n endeavour_v to_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o water_n fall_v in_o the_o pipe_n because_o that_o the_o animal_n lessen_v its_o bulk_n by_o the_o contraction_n of_o its_o muscle_n and_o that_o the_o water_n rise_v by_o the_o slacken_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o cease_v to_o compress_v the_o lung_n do_v permit_v it_o to_o return_v to_o its_o first_o size_n and_o do_v render_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o tortoise_n light_a
and_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o these_o two_o animal_n have_v the_o same_o conformity_n although_o albertus_n affirm_v the_o contrary_a at_o the_o first_o open_v the_o skin_n seem_v not_o to_o we_o extraordinary_a hard_a nor_o impenetrable_a as_o cardan_n report_v but_o it_o be_v find_v strong_o connect_v by_o a_o number_n of_o hard_a and_o nervous_a fibre_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o muscle_n and_o penetrate_v the_o panniculus_fw-la carnosus_fw-la the_o oesophagus_n be_v not_o so_o large_a that_o the_o lion_n can_v swallow_v as_o some_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o member_n of_o animal_n all_o entire_a for_o it_o exceed_v not_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o be_v draw_v together_o by_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o diaphragme_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n be_v not_o open_a and_o dilate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o most_o fish_n and_o serpent_n which_o do_v easy_o swallow_v whatever_o enter_v into_o their_o mouth_n the_o stomach_n be_v eighteen_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o broad_a situate_v from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n incline_v a_o little_a to_o the_o right_a side_n and_o rise_v towards_o the_o pylorus_n at_o the_o superior_a and_o anteriour_a part_n there_o be_v two_o unequal_a protuberancy_n the_o intestine_n be_v not_o very_o long_o comprehend_v all_o together_o but_o twenty_o five_o foot_n the_o colon_n eighteen_o inch_n and_o the_o appendix_n of_o the_o caecum_fw-la three_o the_o pancreas_n be_v like_a to_o that_o of_o cat_n and_o dog_n and_o the_o great_a glandule_n of_o the_o mesentery_n which_o be_v by_o asellius_n call_v pancreas_n be_v also_o like_a to_o those_o of_o these_o animal_n the_o liver_n in_o which_o we_o find_v seven_o lobe_n as_o in_o cat_n be_v of_o so_o dark_a a_o red_a that_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o black_a it_o be_v also_o very_o soft_a it_o be_v hollow_a part_n under_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v fill_v with_o choler_n diffuse_v into_o its_o substance_n and_o into_o that_o of_o all_o the_o circumjacent_a part_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a circumstance_n that_o give_v we_o some_o suspicion_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o animal_n death_n which_o we_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o disease_n to_o which_o pliny_n alone_o say_v lion_n be_v subject_a and_o which_o he_o call_v aegritudinem_fw-la fastidii_fw-la for_o whether_o this_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o mortal_a trouble_n which_o it_o conceive_v of_o its_o captivity_n as_o that_o author_n express_v it_o or_o that_o this_o signify_v the_o disgust_n which_o kill_v he_o for_o want_v of_o eat_v it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o retention_n of_o the_o choler_n may_v cause_v either_o the_o gallbladder_n be_v seven_o inch_n long_o and_o one_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v structure_n be_v very_o particular_a be_v anfractous_a towards_o the_o meatus_fw-la cholidochus_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v separate_v into_o several_a cell_n cat_n have_v exact_o the_o like_a the_o spleen_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o two_o inch_n broad_a and_o half_a a_o inch_n thick_a it_o be_v not_o so_o black_a as_o the_o liver_n notwithstanding_o that_o general_a rule_n which_o galen_n give_v of_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o spleen_n which_o he_o say_v be_v always_o black_a than_o the_o liver_n especial_o in_o animal_n which_o be_v of_o a_o temperament_n hot_a and_o dry_a and_o which_o have_v sharp_a tooth_n so_o that_o there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o this_o blackness_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v extraordinary_a in_o this_o subject_a and_o not_o natural_a the_o kidney_n be_v almost_o round_o be_v three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n it_o weigh_v seven_o ounce_n and_o two_o drachma_n the_o part_n of_o generation_n have_v this_o particular_a that_o the_o urethra_n be_v not_o crooked_a but_o quite_o straight_o from_o the_o bladder_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o penis_n and_o that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ligament_n which_o with_o the_o urethra_n do_v compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o the_o prostatae_fw-la which_o be_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n so_o that_o the_o urethra_n which_o in_o all_o contain_v eleven_o inch_n extend_v not_o be_v join_v to_o these_o ligament_n the_o length_n of_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o make_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o aristotle_n say_v concern_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o the_o lion_n to_o wit_n that_o he_o have_v eminent_o and_o above_o all_o other_o animal_n visible_a and_o apparent_a sign_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o perfection_n of_o his_o sex._n the_o reason_n of_o this_o structure_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o be_v found_v on_o the_o extraordinary_a breadth_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la along_o which_o the_o urethra_n must_v descend_v from_o the_o bladder_n the_o bottom_n of_o which_o must_v pass_v over_o the_o bone_n to_o their_o inferior_a part_n from_o whence_o arise_v these_o ligament_n which_o do_v compose_v the_o penis_n this_o conformation_n make_v the_o the_o lion_n to_o piss_v backward_o and_o not_o by_o lift_v up_o the_o leg_n like_o dog_n as_o pliny_n say_v and_o that_o he_o couple_n with_o the_o lionness_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o camel_n hare_n etc._n etc._n in_o open_v the_o thorax_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o from_o all_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o sternum_n which_o have_v be_v cut_v there_o come_v out_o two_o or_o three_o drop_n of_o blood_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o these_o part_n be_v not_o so_o solid_a as_o that_o their_o cavity_n shall_v be_v imperceptible_a as_o some_o author_n do_v think_v see_v that_o they_o be_v penetrate_v by_o some_o sanguinary_a vessel_n as_o be_v see_v in_o all_o animal_n when_o young_a the_o mediastinum_fw-la be_v furnish_v with_o abundance_n of_o great_a vessel_n the_o membrane_n which_o compose_v it_o and_o which_o be_v perforate_v like_o a_o net_n be_v join_v and_o leave_v no_o space_n but_o towards_o the_o diaphragme_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o heart_n where_o there_o be_v a_o very_a large_a and_o ample_a cavity_n the_o same_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o cat_n the_o lung_n be_v find_v to_o have_v six_o lobe_n on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o three_o on_o the_o left_a all_o the_o annular_a cartilage_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la make_v a_o entire_a circle_n except_v two_o or_o three_o under_o the_o larynx_n in_o which_o beside_o their_o greatness_n which_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o compass_n there_o be_v not_o more_o than_o two_o line_n which_o be_v not_o entire_a the_o breadth_n of_o this_o organ_n of_o the_o voice_n seem_v to_o we_o very_o capable_a of_o make_v the_o dreadful_a noise_n of_o its_o roar_v the_o ductus_fw-la lacteus_fw-la thoracicus_n be_v very_o small_a and_o join_v to_o a_o long_a fillet_n of_o fat_a which_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o whole_a length_n and_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n it_o be_v two_o line_n broad_a the_o heart_n which_o be_v find_v dry_a and_o without_o water_n in_o the_o pericardium_n be_v in_o proportion_n much_o great_a than_o in_o any_o animal_n contain_v six_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n towards_o the_o basis_n and_o end_v in_o a_o very_a sharp_a point_n it_o be_v substance_n appear_v to_o we_o very_o soft_a before_o it_o be_v open_v but_o it_o be_v discover_v that_o this_o proceed_v from_o its_o be_v lean_a and_o hollow_a its_o ventricles_n be_v so_o ample_a that_o the_o leave_v one_o which_o descend_v into_o the_o cuspis_fw-la leave_v but_o two_o line_n of_o thickness_n in_o the_o flesh_n which_o cover_v it_o at_o this_o place_n towards_o the_o basis_n it_o have_v but_o seven_o and_o the_o septum_fw-la have_v almost_o as_o many_o the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v so_o small_a that_o the_o right_n which_o be_v the_o great_a be_v not_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o structure_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o cat_n be_v not_o so_o particular_a for_o it_o be_v more_o obtuse_a at_o the_o cuspis_fw-la and_o fleshy_a than_o ordinary_a the_o proportion_n of_o the_o branch_n which_o the_o ascendent_n aorta_n emitt_v be_v such_o that_o the_o carotide_n contain_v the_o same_o thickness_n as_o the_o left_a subclavian_n and_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o right_n from_o whence_o they_o do_v arise_v which_o be_v very_o considerable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o same_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o cat_n except_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o brain_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o bigness_n the_o brain_n exceed_v not_o two_o inch_n every_o way_n it_o be_v include_v in_o a_o cranium_fw-la about_o half_a a_o inch_n thick_a in_o the_o thin_a place_n and_o almost_o a_o inch_n in_o the_o forehead_n the_o crown_n be_v elevate_v like_o the_o crest_n of_o a_o helmet_n to_o give_v rise_v to_o the_o muscle_n of_o
the_o temple_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o forehead_n do_v leave_v that_o cavitie_n which_o aristotle_n in_o his_o physiognomy_n adjudge_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o lion_n every_o of_o these_o muscle_n be_v five_o inch_n in_o length_n four_o and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n two_o in_o thickness_n and_o twenty_o ounce_n in_o weight_n this_o head_n thus_o garnish_v with_o flesh_n and_o compose_v of_o bone_n so_o firm_a in_o their_o structure_n and_o substance_n make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o if_o the_o bear_n according_a to_o pliny_n have_v a_o head_n so_o tender_a and_o weak_a that_o it_o may_v be_v slay_v with_o a_o slight_a blow_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a to_o stun_v a_o lion_n and_o that_o this_o be_v well_o know_v to_o theocritus_n who_o tell_v hercules_n that_o all_o that_o he_o can_v do_v to_o the_o nemaean_a lion_n with_o his_o club_n be_v to_o stun_v he_o and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o kill_v he_o but_o by_o strangle_v he_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o bone_n which_o be_v find_v in_o brute_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la over_o the_o satura_fw-la lambdoide_v be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o ten_o line_n broad_a and_o two_o thick_a of_o a_o squarer_n figure_n than_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scull_n of_o cat_n dog_n &c_n &c_n the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v diaphanous_a and_o so_o small_a that_o it_o exceed_v not_o a_o line_n in_o length_n and_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n in_o breadth_n at_o its_o basis._n the_o optic_a nerve_n appear_v much_o thick_a after_o their_o conjunction_n than_o before_o which_o proceed_v hence_o that_o the_o foramina_fw-la through_o which_o they_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o orbita_fw-la be_v not_o round_o but_o like_o a_o slit_v which_o make_v they_o broad_a by_o flatten_v they_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o orbita_fw-la they_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o this_o orbita_fw-la be_v not_o whole_o fence_v with_o a_o bone_n on_o the_o inside_n but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n towards_o the_o temple_n between_o the_o apophysis_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la and_o that_o of_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n which_o be_v not_o join_v more_o than_o in_o cat_n dog_n etc._n etc._n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v sixteen_o line_n diameter_n the_o cornea_n be_v about_o the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o line_n in_o thickness_n at_o the_o middle_n and_o grow_v thick_a towards_o its_o circumference_n till_o it_o come_v to_o half_a a_o line_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o glass_n in_o spectacle_n the_o iris_n be_v of_o that_o pale_a colour_n which_o be_v call_v isabel_n the_o tunica_n choroide_v appear_v of_o a_o gold-colour_n and_o which_o have_v nothing_o of_o that_o verdure_n which_o most_o author_n do_v give_v to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o lion._n the_o reverse_n of_o the_o anterior_a vuea_n in_o the_o place_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o crystallinus_n be_v all_o black._n the_o crystallinus_n be_v find_v very_o flat_a and_o its_o great_a convexity_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v in_o other_o animal_n be_v in_o its_o anteriour_a part_n which_o be_v also_o observe_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o cat_n the_o figur_n of_o the_o crystallinus_n be_v such_o that_o it_o seem_v shrink_v up_o have_v a_o dent_n in_o the_o side_n which_o make_v the_o crystallinus_n of_o the_o left_a eye_n where_o this_o dent_n be_v the_o great_a like_o the_o form_n of_o a_o heart_n but_o one_o of_o these_o crystallinus_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v spoil_v by_o a_o glaucoma_n make_v we_o to_o suspect_v that_o this_o be_v praet_fw-la ernatural_a and_o particular_a to_o our_o subject_n the_o aqucous_a humour_n be_v find_v very_o abundant_a so_o that_o it_o almost_o equal_v the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n this_o abundance_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o clearness_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o eye_n after_o death_n which_o be_v obscure_v when_o the_o cornea_n be_v dry_v and_o contract_v for_o want_n of_o this_o humour_n which_o keep_v his_o it_o extend_v the_o last_o observation_n be_v that_o consider_v the_o season_n which_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a when_o this_o dissection_n be_v make_v and_o the_o disposition_n to_o putrefaction_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n dead_a of_o a_o disease_n and_o which_o all_o author_n report_n to_o have_v a_o breath_n so_o stink_v that_o it_o infect_v whatever_o it_o approach_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o other_o animal_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o flesh_n whereof_o he_o have_v eat_v yet_o there_o appear_v nothing_o to_o we_o which_o denote_v any_o extraordinary_a corruption_n its_o smell_n be_v less_o offensive_a than_o that_o of_o a_o deer_n which_o must_v be_v embowel_v soon_o after_o it_o be_v kill_v and_o although_o there_o be_v find_v some_o worm_n in_o its_o flesh_n the_o four_o day_n it_o be_v judge_v that_o they_o be_v engender_v of_o fly_n because_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o tongue_n wrap_v up_o in_o paper_n be_v dry_v in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o night_n and_o be_v grow_v very_o hard_o without_o any_o smell_n which_o make_v we_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o lion_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o fever_n it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o humour_n and_o be_v only_o a_o ephemera_fw-la although_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o have_v it_o all_o his_o life_n this_o may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o choler_n be_v a_o balsam_n in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n which_o resist_v corruption_n and_o which_o have_v this_o effect_n that_o lion_n in_o who_o it_o be_v predominant_a do_v live_v a_o long_a time_n there_o be_v likewise_o make_v another_o reflection_n upon_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o brain_n of_o this_o animal_n of_o which_o natural_a historian_n do_v relate_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o judgement_n and_o reason_n and_o by_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o abundance_n of_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n it_o be_v judge_v that_o the_o littleness_n of_o brain_n be_v rather_o the_o sign_n and_o cause_n of_o a_o savage_a and_o cruel_a disposition_n than_o a_o want_n of_o judgement_n this_o conjecture_n be_v fortify_v by_o a_o other_o observation_n which_o be_v make_v four_o day_n before_o upon_o a_o sea-fox_n where_o be_v find_v hardly_o any_o brain_n although_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o sagacity_n and_o subtlety_n which_o it_o have_v have_v give_v it_o this_o name_n among_o fish_n all_o the_o kind_n of_o which_o be_v general_o ill_o provide_v of_o brain_n so_o that_o they_o have_v little_a disposition_n to_o the_o society_n and_o discipline_n which_o terrestrial_a animal_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o another_o lyon_n this_o lion_n be_v extraordinary_a large_a though_o very_o young_a it_o be_v seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n our_o observation_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o those_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v on_o the_o first_o lion_n but_o among_o other_o thing_n the_o straitness_n and_o narrowness_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v seem_v to_o we_o very_o considerable_a in_o this_o subject_a for_o in_o the_o inside_n from_o the_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o large_a place_n it_o exceed_v not_o seven_o inch_n of_o which_o the_o heart_n take_v up_o four_o so_o that_o there_o remain_v but_o three_o for_o the_o lung_n pericardium_n mediastinum_fw-la and_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o pericardium_n be_v likewise_o without_o water_n and_o the_o intestine_n short_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n contain_v but_o twenty_o five_o foot_n in_o length_n which_o be_v just_a three_o time_n the_o length_n of_o the_o body_n the_o crystallinus_n be_v more_o convex_a on_o the_o outside_n than_o the_o inside_n what_o we_o find_v different_a be_v that_o the_o liver_n which_o be_v of_o so_o dark_a a_o red_a in_o the_o first_o lion_n that_o it_o appear_v black_a be_v so_o pale_a in_o this_o that_o it_o have_v a_o fevillemorte_a colour_n that_o the_o annular_a cartilage_n of_o the_o larynx_n which_o be_v entire_a in_o the_o first_o lion_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o old_a be_v find_v imperfect_a in_o this_o which_o be_v young_a and_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o resolve_v whether_o we_o ought_v to_o attribute_n to_o the_o difference_n of_o age_n that_o which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o paw_n because_o that_o in_o those_o of_o the_o young_a lion_n we_o
uteri_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v very_o true_a to_o say_v that_o the_o structure_n and_o use_n of_o the_o tuba_fw-la in_o woman_n and_o the_o cornua_fw-la in_o brute_n have_v nothing_o essential_o different_a see_v that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o example_n of_o the_o conception_n make_v in_o the_o tuba_fw-la we_o have_v some_o observation_n which_o do_v manifest_a to_o we_o that_o this_o tuba_fw-la have_v sometime_o also_o a_o evident_a cavity_n we_o have_v here_o put_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la of_o a_o woman_n in_o which_o we_o find_v two_o apparent_a cavity_n which_o make_v some_o wind_a eight_o line_n long_o and_o near_o two_o broad_a at_o their_o beginning_n which_o from_o the_o fundus_fw-la uteri_fw-la do_v penetrate_v into_o the_o tuba_fw-la at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o of_o the_o cornua_fw-la a_o little_a below_o the_o testicle_n there_o be_v a_o long_a body_n of_o a_o nervous_a substance_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o ligamenta_fw-la teretia_n for_o it_o descend_v into_o the_o groin_n and_o be_v there_o dilate_v like_o a_o goose_n foot_n as_o in_o woman_n it_o be_v original_n be_v only_o different_a in_o this_o that_o in_o woman_n these_o ligament_n proceed_v from_o the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tuba_fw-la begin_v a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o testicle_n soranus_n write_v that_o he_o have_v see_v in_o a_o woman_n this_o round_a ligament_n which_o he_o call_v the_o cremaster_fw-la of_o the_o testicle_n of_o woman_n which_o be_v fasten_v near_o the_o testicle_n even_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o lioness_n the_o mediastine_n be_v not_o pierce_v like_o a_o net_n as_o in_o the_o first_o lion_n but_o its_o membrane_n be_v thick_a and_o continue_a the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n three_o of_o each_o side_n and_o one_o in_o the_o middle_n those_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o left_a the_o whole_a parenchyma_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v scirrhous_a the_o vena_fw-la coronaria_fw-la be_v very_o large_a but_o the_o heart_n be_v much_o less_o than_o in_o the_o two_o lion_n which_o have_v be_v dissect_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v scirrhous_a towards_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o lung_n have_v communicate_v this_o distemper_n to_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v two_o polypus_n one_o in_o each_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n all_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n on_o the_o out_o side_n be_v sirround_v with_o a_o flimy_a substance_n which_o form_v several_a unequal_a protuberancy_n instead_o of_o the_o fat_a which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o this_o place_n the_o tongue_n be_v arm_v as_o in_o the_o lion_n with_o great_a point_n like_o claw_n they_o be_v lesser_a soft_a and_o blunt_a the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v very_o large_a and_o the_o cavity_n where_o the_o falx_n enter_v and_o which_o divide_v the_o cereâ—…rum_n in_o two_o be_v likewise_o very_o deep_a contain_v ten_o line_n the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v exceed_o small_a not_o exceed_v a_o line_n the_o crystalline_a humour_n like_o as_o in_o lion_n be_v more_o convex_a before_o than_o behind_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o other_o lioness_n where_o it_o be_v flat_a and_o more_o convex_a behind_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v put_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o lay_v on_o the_o choroide_n which_o we_o call_v the_o tapetum_fw-la be_v of_o a_o isabel_n colour_n intermix_v with_o a_o brisk_a greenish_a blue_n it_o be_v easy_o separable_a from_o the_o choroide_n which_o remain_v entire_a with_o its_o ordinary_a thickness_n after_o that_o we_o have_v take_v away_o the_o membrane_n which_o form_v this_o tapetum_fw-la the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v near_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o it_o be_v middle_a there_o be_v see_v to_o appear_v a_o foramen_fw-la which_o disappear_v when_o the_o whole_a retina_fw-la be_v lay_v on_o one_o side_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o equal_o extend_v about_o the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o the_o concavitie_n of_o the_o choroide_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o chameleon_n it_o be_v represent_v alive_a perch_v on_o a_o tree_n somewhat_o crooked_a towards_o the_o side_n which_o it_o ascend_v to_o discover_v as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n in_o the_o part_n which_o the_o dissection_n discover_v a._n the_o gallbladder_n b._n the_o left_a lo_n e_o of_o the_o liver_n c_o c._n the_o right_a d._n the_o oesophagus_n e._n the_o ventricle_n f._n the_o pylorus_n g._n the_o ductus_fw-la cholidocus_fw-la h._n the_o vena_fw-la porta_n i._o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k_o k_o k._n the_o intestin_n l_o m._n a_o membrane_n which_o hold_v all_o these_o part_n link_v together_o and_o suspend_v n._n the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la o._n the_o left_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n p._n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o lung_n blow_v up_o and_o speckled_a with_o red_a spot_n q_o q_o q._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o lung_n blow_v up_o r._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la tie_v to_o keep_v the_o lung_n blow_v up_o s_o s_o the_o os_fw-la hyoide_n t._n the_o cartalaginous_a style_n to_o which_o the_o trunk_n which_o sustain_v the_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v x_o x._o the_o tongue_n y._n the_o trunk_n draw_v up_o z_o z._n the_o kidney_n γ_n γ._n the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la δ._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la k_o k._n the_o intestine_n θ_o θ._n the_o eye_n λ_n λ._n the_o optic_a nerve_n Ï€._n the_o brain_n we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o skeleton_n need_v any_o explication_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o the_o exactness_n wherewith_o it_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o discourse_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o chameleon_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o animal_n more_o famous_a than_o the_o chameleon_n its_o admirable_a property_n have_v ever_o be_v the_o subject_a as_o well_o of_o natural_a as_o moral_a philosophy_n the_o change_n of_o its_o colour_n and_o the_o particular_a manner_n of_o feed_v which_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o have_v in_o all_o age_n give_v great_a admiration_n and_o exercise_n to_o those_o that_o do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n and_o those_o wonder_n which_o naturalist_n have_v relate_v of_o this_o inconsiderable_a animal_n have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a symbol_n use_v in_o rhetoric_n and_o ethic_n to_o represent_v the_o base_a compliance_n of_o courtier_n and_o flatterer_n and_o the_o vanity_n wherewith_o simple_a and_o light_a mind_n do_v feed_v themselves_o it_o be_v very_a name_n in_o tertullian_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o serious_a meditation_n upon_o false-glory_n and_o he_o propose_v it_o as_o the_o example_n of_o the_o impudence_n of_o cheat_n and_o boaster_n it_o be_v not_o know_v true_o why_o the_o greek_n have_v bestow_v so_o fine_a a_o name_n upon_o so_o vile_a and_o ugly_a a_o beast_n by_o call_v it_o the_o little-lyon_n or_o dwarf-lyon_n according_a to_o isidâ—…re's_n etymology_n gesner_n say_v that_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v the_o lion_n without_o mention_v wherein_o panarolus_n will_v have_v it_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v crooked_a at_o the_o end_n as_o he_o say_v like_o the_o lion_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o chameleon_n nor_o the_o lion_n have_v a_o crooked_a tail._n it_o will_v be_v more_o probable_a to_o place_v the_o resemblance_n on_o the_o crest_n which_o they_o both_o have_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o casque_n but_o it_o appear_v on_o the_o lion_n head_n only_o when_o the_o fleâ—…h_n of_o the_o musculi_fw-la crotophitae_fw-la be_v cut_v off_o licetus_n think_v that_o this_o name_n be_v give_v it_o because_o as_o the_o lion_n hunt_v and_o devour_v other_o animal_n so_o the_o chameleon_n catch_v fly_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o a_o little_a worm_n which_o hunt_v and_o take_v ant_n as_o albertus_n have_v describe_v be_v call_v formicaleon_n and_o that_o a_o little_a lobster_n as_o pliny_n and_o athenaus_n report_n be_v name_v lion_n because_o it_o be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o chameleon_n be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o fourfooted_a beast_n which_o do_v lay_v egg_n as_o the_o crocodile_n and_o lizard_n which_o it_o sufficient_o resemble_v save_v that_o its_o head_n and_o back_o be_v not_o flat_a like_o the_o lizard_n who_o have_v likewise_o much_o short_a leg_n with_o which_o it_o crâ—…wls_v very_o fast_o along_o the_o ground_n whereas_o the_o chameleon_n have_v long_a leg_n and_o go_v easy_o only_a upon_o tree_n where_o it_o delight_v itself_o much_o more_o than_o on_o the_o ground_n because_o that_o as_o it_o be_v say_v it_o fear_v the_o serpent_n from_o which_o it_o can_v secure_v itself_o by_o flight_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o it_o spy_v
appear_v very_o curious_a but_o they_o be_v strengthen_v by_o fibres_n inter-woven_a like_o net_n when_o we_o cease_v to_o blow_v all_o these_o membrane_n fall_v down_o and_o lie_v upon_o one_o another_o cause_v all_o these_o bladder_n to_o disappear_v which_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o processus_n of_o the_o lung_n gesner_n say_v that_o of_o the_o entrail_n of_o a_o chameleon_n the_o lung_n only_o be_v visible_a but_o aristotle_n have_v more_o true_o observe_v that_o quadrupe_v which_o lay_v egg_n have_v lung_n almost_o invisible_a if_o they_o be_v not_o blow_v into_o to_o swell_v they_o indeed_o whatever_o appear_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o lung_n ought_v to_o be_v be_v before_o it_o be_v extend_v by_o blow_v but_o like_o two_o little_a piece_n of_o rose-coloured_a flesh_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o bean_n situate_v on_o each_o side_n the_o heart_n which_o make_v panarolus_n to_o say_v that_o the_o chameleon_n have_v little_a lung_n but_o these_o little_a piece_n of_o flesh_n be_v not_o all_o the_o lung_n they_o can_v be_v take_v only_o for_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o lung_n plait_v and_o heap_v together_o which_o in_o this_o place_n be_v intersperse_v with_o small_a red_a eminence_n which_o when_o the_o wind_n dilate_v these_o membrane_n appear_v all_o over_o the_o extent_n of_o their_o superfice_n and_o when_o the_o membrane_n subside_v these_o little_a red_a eeminence_n approach_v one_o another_o cause_v again_o this_o appearance_n of_o flesh_n which_o be_v no_o spongious_a substance_n as_o panarolus_n will_v have_v it_o but_o only_o a_o heap_n of_o contiguous_a membrane_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v very_o short_a compose_v as_o be_v usual_o of_o annulary_a cartilage_n it_o have_v a_o larynx_n at_o its_o beginning_n make_v up_o as_o it_o be_v of_o two_o epiglottis_n which_o shut_v the_o open_n or_o chink_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o glottis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o transverse_a slit_n and_o not_o upright_o as_o it_o be_v in_o animal_n that_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o voice_n of_o which_o our_o chameleon_n be_v whole_o destitute_a the_o heart_n be_v very_o little_a not_o exceed_v three_o line_n in_o length_n it_o be_v point_n appear_v as_o if_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v very_o large_a especial_o the_o left_a and_o somewhat_o red_a than_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v very_o pale_a the_o vessel_n about_o the_o heart_n be_v very_o full_a of_o blood._n the_o brain_n be_v find_v so_o little_a that_o it_o be_v hardly_o above_o a_o line_n diameter_n and_o be_v not_o twice_o as_o large_a as_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n which_o be_v very_o white_a the_o brain_n be_v of_o a_o reddish-gray_n the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v not_o so_o short_a that_o the_o brain_n shall_v be_v continue_v and_o fasten_v to_o the_o eye_n as_o aristotle_n describe_v they_o they_o be_v not_o likewise_o as_o panarolus_n represent_v they_o who_o say_v that_o they_o do_v proceed_v separately_z from_o the_o brain_n but_o do_v not_o join_v again_o for_o there_o be_v two_o eminence_n in_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la and_o first_o part_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o these_o eminency_n after_o join_v separate_v into_o two_o string_n eight_o line_n long_o a_o piece_n and_o insert_v into_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n out_o of_o its_o axis_n as_o be_v usual_a this_o globe_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o tuniâ—…a_n conjunctiva_fw-la underneath_o which_o be_v the_o insertion_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v not_o fibrous_a as_o panarolus_n say_v nor_o of_o little_a pulley_n as_o johnson_n will_v have_v it_o but_o a_o true_a musculous_a flesh._n over_o the_o whole_a tunica_n conjunctiva_fw-la be_v a_o orbicular_a muscle_n which_o fasten_v the_o lidd_o to_o the_o eye_n to_o which_o it_o be_v so_o adherent_a that_o it_o serve_v to_o give_v the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o lidd_o as_o to_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v particular_a action_n be_v to_o close_v the_o little_a round_a hole_n of_o the_o lidd_o this_o muscle_n be_v raise_v the_o iris_n be_v see_v entire_a which_o johnston_n say_v the_o chameleon_n want_v it_o be_v of_o a_o isabel_n colour_n encompass_v at_o its_o interior_a edge_n with_o a_o little_a golden_a circle_n which_o have_v already_o be_v mention_v the_o cornea_n be_v very_o small_a the_o forepart_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la very_o thick_a and_o hard_o and_o the_o hinder_a part_n very_o thin_a the_o choroide_v black_a under_o the_o iris_n and_o bluish_a in_o the_o bottom_n the_o retina_fw-la very_o thick_a and_o somewhat_o reddish_n the_o humour_n all_o aqueous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o didistinguish_v they_o the_o crystallinus_n itself_o seem_v to_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o other_o humour_n near_o the_o place_n through_o which_o the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o orbitae_fw-la or_o eye-hole_n several_a very_a fine_a fibre_n of_o nerve_n do_v likewise_o enter_v and_o pass_v into_o the_o vacuity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o orbitae_fw-la do_v penetrate_v into_o a_o great_a sinus_n which_o be_v in_o the_o upper_a jax-bone_n where_o be_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n this_o sinus_n be_v full_a of_o hard_a fibrous_a and_o very_o red_a flesh_n through_o which_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o nostril_n do_v go_v these_o passage_n be_v make_v through_o a_o very_a hard_a yellow_a membrane_n they_o be_v oblique_a ascend_v all_o the_o way_n from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n into_o the_o sinus_n and_o afterward_o they_o descend_v into_o the_o palate_n which_o by_o a_o very_a hard_a membranous_a production_n cover_v the_o extremity_n of_o each_o passage_n in_o which_o we_o find_v nothing_o that_o can_v carry_v the_o air_n towards_o any_o organ_n for_o the_o sense_n of_o hear_v aristotle_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o generality_n of_o fish_n do_v hear_v though_o they_o have_v no_o conveyance_n for_o the_o hear_n but_o we_o have_v find_v neither_o any_o passage_n for_o sound_n nor_o any_o sign_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o our_o chameleon_n which_o can_v make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o it_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o true_a say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o animal_n that_o neither_o receive_v nor_o make_v any_o noise_n the_o nerve_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n be_v easy_o see_v when_o the_o entrail_n be_v take_v away_o they_o proceed_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n from_o the_o vertebra_n and_o some_o of_o those_o which_o be_v dâ—…stributed_v into_o the_o foreleg_n come_v out_o from_o the_o superior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n because_o that_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v very_o short_a can_v not_o sufficient_o afford_v they_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o thorax_n three_o on_o each_o side_n which_o first_o unite_v and_o be_v afterward_o divide_v return_v towards_o the_o omâ—…platae_n those_o design_v for_o the_o move_n of_o the_o hind-leg_n do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n enter_v in_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_fw-la be_v unite_v and_o afterward_o divide_v to_o distribute_v themselves_o into_o the_o leg_n between_o every_o rib_n there_o be_v one_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o these_o verteâ—…rae_n at_o the_o top_n whereof_o the_o rib_n be_v articulate_v go_v crosswise_o oblique_o ascend_v towards_o the_o rib_n and_o accompany_v they_o to_o the_o end_n aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o chameleon_n have_v no_o flesh_n but_o on_o the_o jaw_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n we_o have_v all_o over_o the_o body_n except_o underneath_o the_o thorax_n and_o belly_n where_o instead_o of_o the_o musculi_fw-la intercostales_fw-la and_o those_o of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la there_o be_v only_o transparent_a membrane_n but_o double_a and_o fibrous_a which_o be_v think_v capable_a of_o assist_v the_o motion_n which_o the_o rib_n ought_v to_o have_v for_o the_o respiration_n of_o the_o chameleon_n which_o be_v very_o slow_a the_o principal_a organ_n of_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o rib_n be_v a_o fleshy_a part_n which_o descend_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o backbone_n near_o their_o articulation_n which_o may_v be_v the_o musculus_fw-la sacrolumbus_n all_o the_o backbone_n tail_n upper_a part_n of_o the_o thorax_n the_o fore_n and_o hind-leg_n be_v furnish_v with_o musculous_a red_a fibrous_a flesh_n who_o white_a and_o silver-coloured_a tendon_n be_v so_o visible_a that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o have_v make_v a_o muscular_a dissection_n thereof_o all_o these_o muscle_n be_v without_o fat_a of_o which_o we_o find_v no_o appearance_n in_o all_o the_o animal_n unless_o one_o may_v take_v for_o fat_a four_o or_o five_o little_a grain_n like_v to_o millet_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o membrane_n and_o fill_v the_o interval_n of_o the_o rib_n but_o the_o
inch_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o external_a orifice_n to_o the_o bifurcation_n of_o the_o two_o horn_n or_o ductus_n which_o from_o the_o bifurcation_n to_o their_o extremity_n where_o the_o testicle_n be_v contain_v each_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n the_o testicle_n be_v six_o line_n long_o and_o four_o broad_a they_o be_v compose_v of_o several_a gland_n the_o lung_n have_v seven_o lobe_n like_o the_o liver_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o and_o friable_a through_o the_o extraordinary_a heat_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v black_v by_o adustion_n this_o blackness_n of_o the_o blood_n have_v make_v the_o heart_n livid_n and_o tinge_v the_o water_n of_o the_o pericardium_n so_o that_o it_o be_v bloody_a the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o two_o inch_n broad_a the_o auricles_n vessel_n and_o valve_n be_v as_o in_o a_o cat_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v large_a and_o strong_a be_v eight_o line_n in_o thickness_n and_o two_o inch_n in_o breadth_n this_o bigness_n seem_v to_o we_o very_o considerable_a to_o make_v dubious_a the_o belief_n which_o we_o have_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v the_o lynx_n of_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o when_o galen_n speak_v of_o the_o different_a size_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n in_o various_a animal_n he_o give_v only_o three_o example_n of_o those_o which_o have_v they_o extraordinary_a small_a and_o feeble_a which_o be_v man_n the_o ape_n and_o lynx_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o galen_n mean_v the_o little_a lynx_n of_o oppian_n which_o only_o hunt_v hare_n and_o not_o that_o which_o devour_v staggs_n which_o be_v the_o lupus_n cervarius_n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o skull_n be_v very_o ample_a and_o open_a the_o bone_n which_o sepertes_o the_o brain_n from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o a_o tiger_n fox_n dog_n cat_n and_o a_o great_a many_o other_o animal_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o skull_n the_o anfractuosity_n of_o the_o brain_n appear_v through_o the_o dura_n mater_n which_o be_v transparent_a the_o external_a part_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o be_v call_v the_o cortex_fw-la be_v very_o white_a and_o solid_a the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v very_o small_a the_o ball_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n diameter_n it_o be_v almost_o sphâ—…rical_a except_o the_o cornea_n which_o be_v raise_v somewhat_o more_o point_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o cornea_n which_o be_v half_o a_o line_n be_v every_o where_o alike_o it_o be_v join_v as_o usual_o with_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la by_o the_o mutual_a attenuation_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o two_o membrane_n which_o be_v each_o in_o this_o place_n make_v like_o the_o diamond-cut_a of_o a_o glass_n do_v so_o join_v themselves_o that_o both_o together_o be_v not_o thick_a than_o each_o apart_o because_o that_o the_o thin_a place_n of_o the_o one_o which_o be_v its_o extremity_n lie_v upon_o the_o thick_a place_n of_o the_o other_o these_o sloapeing_n be_v each_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n broad_a the_o sclerotica_fw-la which_o be_v outward_o white_a and_o inward_o somewhat_o blackish_a by_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o uvea_o be_v very_o thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n not_o be_v thick_a than_o strong_a paper_n it_o be_v twice_o as_o thick_a at_o its_o extremity_n towards_o the_o cornea_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cornea_n there_o be_v a_o membrane_n as_o in_o the_o lion_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o easy_o cover_v all_o the_o pupilla_fw-la when_o it_o be_v thrust_v over_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o triangular_a form._n the_o two_o lesser_a side_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o conjunctiva_fw-la the_o three_o which_o be_v the_o large_a can_v slip_v and_o advance_v over_o the_o eye_n to_o cover_v it_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o iris_n be_v of_o a_o yellow-colour_n mix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o little_a red_a line_n which_o be_v break_v and_o of_o a_o unequal_a size_n it_o be_v black_a at_o the_o hinder_a part_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o crystalline_a the_o aqueous_a humour_n be_v very_o abundant_a but_o somewhat_o muddy_a be_v sully_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o black_a substance_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o uvea_o the_o crystaline_a be_v seven_o line_n diameter_n and_o five_o thick_a three_o of_o which_o make_v the_o anteriour_a convexitie_n and_o two_o the_o posteriour_a the_o vitreous_a humour_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o transparent_a the_o tapetum_fw-la of_o the_o uvea_o which_o be_v of_o a_o bluish_a white_a be_v pierce_v by_o the_o optic_a nerve_n not_o at_o its_o extremity_n as_o it_o be_v see_v in_o most_o animal_n but_o almost_o in_o its_o centre_n the_o optic_a nerve_n have_v in_o its_o middle_n a_o red_a point_n incline_v to_o black._n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o castor_n or_o beaver_n it_o be_v represent_v below_o with_o half_a of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v the_o fore_a part_n on_o the_o land_n and_o hind_a part_n in_o the_o water_n because_o that_o it_o be_v observe_v dure_v the_o time_n that_o it_o be_v keep_v that_o it_o love_v frequent_o to_o plung_v its_o hind-paw_n and_o tail_n into_o the_o water_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la b._n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n c_o c._n the_o two_o first_o pouch_n which_o be_v the_o large_a of_o those_o wherein_o the_o castoreum_n be_v prepare_v and_o contain_v d_o d._n the_o two_o second_o which_o be_v less_o e_o e._n the_o other_o pouch_n of_o a_o three_o sort_n enclose_v in_o the_o second_o d_o e._n several_a little_a globular_a body_n be_v see_v upon_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sort_n of_o pouch_n f._n the_o common_a hole_n to_o the_o intestine_a and_o penis_n g._n the_o begin_n of_o the_o penis_n h_o h._n the_o epididymides_n i._o the_o testicle_n k_o k._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la l_o l._n the_o deferentia_fw-la m_o m._n the_o cremaster_n n._n one_o of_o the_o fore-paw_n o_o o._n the_o colon._n p._n the_o caecum_fw-la q._n a_o ligament_n fasten_v to_o the_o caecum_fw-la along_o which_o be_v spread_v several_a vessel_n which_o lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o coat_n of_o this_o intestine_a r_o r._n the_o brain_n s._n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n t_o t_o t_o t._n four_o other_o sinus_n proceed_v from_o the_o other_o which_o divide_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o three_o v_o v_o v._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la x._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o penis_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o castor_n or_o beaver_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o necessary_a to_o observe_v nice_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o castor_n because_o there_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v make_v a_o exact_a description_n thereof_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v almost_o whole_o silent_a concern_v this_o animal_n and_o the_o modern_n apply_v themselves_o more_o to_o speak_v of_o its_o nature_n than_o to_o examine_v the_o structure_n of_o its_o body_n that_o which_o be_v dissect_v at_o the_o king_n library_n be_v take_v in_o canada_n about_o the_o river_n of_o st._n laurence_n it_o resemble_v a_o otter_n but_o be_v large_a and_o big_a and_o weigh_v above_o thirty_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n be_v about_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o its_o great_a breadth_n be_v near_o twelve_o inch_n the_o hair_n which_o cover_v its_o whole_a body_n except_o the_o tail_n be_v not_o every_o where_o alike_o but_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n which_o be_v mingle_v together_o and_o which_o differ_v in_o length_n as_o well_o as_o colour_n the_o big_a be_v about_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o as_o thick_a as_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o head._n be_v colour_n be_v brown_a somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o minime_fw-la or_o soot-colour_n but_o very_o bright_a and_o its_o substance_n be_v firm_a and_o so_o solid_a that_o have_v cut_v it_o crosswise_o there_o can_v not_o any_o cavity_n be_v see_v even_o with_o the_o microscope_n the_o lesser_a be_v about_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n there_o be_v some_o much_o short_a than_o other_o it_o seem_v likewise_o more_o slender_a and_o be_v so_o soft_a that_o the_o fine_a down_n be_v not_o soft_a the_o mixture_n of_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o hair_n so_o different_a be_v find_v in_o many_o animal_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o castor_n otter_n and_o wild-boar_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v likewise_o more_o necessary_a for_o they_o for_o these_o animal_n be_v subject_a to_o wallow_v in_o the_o mire_n beside_o the_o short_a hair_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v they_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o cold_a they_o have_v need_n of_o another_o long_a hair_n to_o receive_v the_o mudd_n and_o keep_v it_o
great_a difficulty_n to_o separate_v they_o with_o a_o launcet_n rondeletius_n run_v into_o the_o same_o error_n although_o he_o have_v examine_v à _fw-fr little_a better_o than_o other_o author_n the_o pouch_n from_o which_o the_o castoreum_n be_v take_v but_o yet_o very_o negligent_o not_o to_o perceive_v that_o they_o be_v four_o in_o number_n for_o he_o reckon_v but_o two_o there_o be_v some_o more_o modern_a author_n who_o have_v not_o go_v much_o far_a than_o the_o other_o content_v themselves_o with_o know_v that_o the_o testicle_n be_v different_a from_o these_o pouch_n and_o have_v so_o ill_o understand_v dioscorides_n as_o to_o believe_v that_o when_o he_o say_v the_o testicle_n of_o the_o castor_n be_v hide_v in_o the_o groin_n he_o take_v the_o pouch_n for_o they_o but_o experience_n have_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o all_o these_o author_n be_v mistake_v if_o all_o castor_n be_v like_o to_o that_o which_o we_o dissect_v for_o the_o testicle_n be_v no_o more_o on_o the_o inside_n than_o the_o pouch_n they_o be_v only_o a_o little_a high_o at_o the_o external_a and_o lateral_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o groin_n where_o we_o find_v they_o whole_o conceal_v so_o that_o they_o appear_v not_o outward_o no_o more_o than_o the_o penis_n before_o that_o the_o skin_n be_v take_v off_o their_o figure_n and_o shape_n be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o stone_n of_o dog_n save_v that_o they_o be_v long_o and_o lesser_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o length_n they_o be_v little_o more_o than_o a_o inch_n long_o their_o breadth_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n and_o their_o thickness_n somewhat_o less_o as_o to_o the_o epididymis_fw-la and_o all_o the_o vessel_n necessary_a to_o generation_n they_o differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o those_o of_o dog_n the_o penis_n appear_v more_o singular_a to_o we_o in_o its_o extremity_n instead_o of_o the_o balanus_n it_o have_v a_o bone_n fourteen_o line_n long_o and_o make_v like_o a_o stylus_fw-la which_o be_v two_o line_n broad_a in_o its_o basis_n and_o sudden_o straighten_v itself_o end_v in_o a_o point_n there_o be_v this_o also_o remarkable_a that_o whereas_o the_o penis_n of_o dog_n reascends_a from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la towards_o the_o navel_n this_o descend_v downward_o towards_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o excrement_n where_o it_o end_v it_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v conceal_v so_o that_o before_o the_o skin_n be_v take_v off_o we_o perceive_v it_o not_o and_o we_o can_v not_o discern_v of_o what_o sex_n this_o animal_n be_v the_o better_a to_o examine_v these_o part_n we_o open_v the_o low_a venture_n and_o have_v trace_v the_o spermatick_a vessel_n to_o their_o origine_fw-la we_o find_v they_o like_v to_o those_o of_o dog_n and_o other_o animal_n we_o observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o penis_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o rectum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o pass_v underneath_o the_o two_o first_o pouch_n of_o the_o castoreum_n to_o which_o it_o be_v close_o join_v that_o moreover_o these_o bag_n receive_v their_o vein_n and_o artery_n from_o the_o hypogastrick_n vein_n and_o artery_n there_o be_v no_o appearance_n that_o there_o be_v other_o vessel_n which_o can_v furnish_v the_o matter_n whereof_o the_o castoreum_n be_v form_v unless_o it_o be_v imagine_v that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o uret_fw-la which_o be_v improbable_a as_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la peritonaeum_fw-la stomach_n and_o bladder_n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a and_o their_o structure_n be_v altogether_o like_o that_o of_o dog_n the_o intestine_n have_v little_a considerable_a except_o the_o caecum_fw-la which_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n and_o ten_o in_o length_n it_o be_v unusual_o range_v on_o the_o left_a side_n underneath_o the_o spleen_n from_o whence_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ileum_n and_o terminate_v in_o a_o round_a point_n make_v a_o appendix_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n it_o be_v that_o which_o make_v we_o to_o distinguish_v this_o intestine_a from_o the_o other_o it_o be_v figure_n be_v not_o straight_o but_o a_o little_a crooked_a like_o the_o blade_n of_o a_o scythe_n in_o the_o concave_a part_n of_o this_o bend_n there_o be_v a_o ligament_n and_o in_o the_o convex_a another_o both_o like_a to_o those_o which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o the_o colon_n of_o man_n and_o these_o ligament_n be_v accompany_v with_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o come_v from_o the_o venae_fw-la mesentericae_fw-la and_o spread_v from_o space_n to_o space_v their_o branch_n into_o the_o body_n of_o this_o intestine_a two_o finger_n underneath_o the_o great_a end_n of_o the_o spleen_n there_o lay_v a_o little_a spherical_a body_n very_o extraordinary_a which_o appear_v of_o the_o same_o substance_n as_o the_o spleen_n although_o it_o be_v remote_a from_o it_o it_o be_v three_o line_n diameter_n the_o other_o intestine_n be_v so_o little_a different_a from_o one_o another_o that_o we_o can_v never_o distinguish_v the_o colon._n they_o be_v near_o twenty_o eight_o foot_n long_o have_v open_v they_o we_o find_v in_o the_o inside_n eight_o worm_n long_o and_o round_o like_a to_o earthworm_n three_o whereof_o be_v between_o seven_o and_o eight_o inch_n long_o and_o the_o rest_n about_o four_o the_o spleen_n be_v lay_v along_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o stomach_n to_o which_o it_o be_v fasten_v by_o eight_o vein_n and_o as_o many_o artery_n which_o make_v so_o many_o vas_n breve_n it_o be_v colour_n be_v very_o red_a its_o length_n seven_o inch_n and_o its_o thickness_n almost_o equal_v its_o breadth_n which_o be_v about_o ten_o line_n we_o observe_v nothing_o particular_a in_o the_o liver_n save_v that_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o lobe_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n as_o the_o lobe_n of_o a_o dog_n liver_n the_o gallbladder_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n between_o two_o of_o its_o lobe_n it_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o near_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n all_o the_o low_a venture_n be_v overflow_v with_o a_o diffuse_a choler_n which_o have_v perhaps_o occationed_a the_o death_n of_o this_o animal_n the_o pancreas_n be_v nothing_o different_a from_o that_o of_o dog_n it_o be_v length_n be_v ten_o inch_n but_o it_o exceed_v not_o two_o in_o its_o great_a breadth_n though_o this_o castor_n be_v very_o fat_a especial_o through_o the_o belly_n and_o tail_n yet_o there_o be_v find_v very_o little_a in_o the_o tunica_n adiposa_fw-la of_o the_o kidney_n and_o in_o the_o epiploon_n each_o kidney_n be_v a_o inch_n in_o thickness_n near_o two_o in_o length_n and_o as_o much_o in_o breadth_n at_o the_o middle_n the_o cartilago_n xiphoide_v be_v round_o and_o fourteen_o line_n broad_a but_o very_o thin_a and_o pliable_a have_v afterward_o open_v the_o thorax_n we_o observe_v little_a difference_n between_o all_o the_o part_n which_o be_v there_o enclose_v and_o those_o of_o dog_n the_o lung_n have_v six_o lobe_n three_o on_o the_o right_a side_n two_o on_o the_o left_a and_o another_o little_a one_o which_o be_v in_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o diaphragme_n that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o heart_n be_v that_o the_o left_a auricle_n be_v large_a than_o the_o right_n which_o be_v likewise_o see_v in_o some_o other_o animal_n but_o not_o in_o man_n who_o on_o the_o contrary_n have_v the_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n big_a than_o the_o left_a we_o the_o more_o careful_o seek_v after_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_n which_o several_a modern_a author_n have_v aver_v to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o amphibious_a animal_n and_o even_o in_o man_n who_o do_v often_o dive_v and_o swim_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o water_n but_o what_o exactness_n soever_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n we_o can_v not_o discover_v that_o hole_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o our_o castor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o as_o it_o have_v be_v several_a year_n pen_v up_o at_o versailles_n without_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o go_v into_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v that_o this_o hole_n be_v close_v up_o even_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o foetus_fw-la after_o it_o be_v bear_v and_o have_v breathe_v sometime_o indeed_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o this_o place_n there_o have_v former_o be_v a_o hole_n which_o be_v since_o grow_v up_o under_o the_o vena_fw-la coronaria_fw-la we_o find_v the_o valve_n call_v noble_a which_o fill_v the_o whole_a trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o which_o be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o blood_n may_v easy_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la but_o which_o be_v hinder_v from_o descend_v from_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o liver_n through_o the_o same_o vein_n the_o heart_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o
bone_n of_o a_o pullet_n thigh_n along_o the_o penis_n there_o be_v two_o vein_n very_o large_a and_o full_a of_o blood_n which_o go_v to_o the_o balanus_n the_o testicle_n be_v like_a to_o those_o of_o dog_n the_o epiploon_n be_v very_o small_a it_o have_v little_a fat_a and_o be_v a_o complication_n of_o fibres_n and_o fillet_n rather_o than_o a_o membrane_n it_o be_v not_o lay_v upon_o the_o intestine_n but_o tuck_v upon_o the_o ventricle_n the_o spleen_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o it_o be_v of_o a_o dark-red_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o stomach_n in_o its_o hollow_a part_n and_o blackish_a at_o the_o extremity_n in_o its_o gibbous_a part_n there_o be_v not_o observe_v any_o vessel_n in_o the_o external_a membrane_n of_o the_o ventricle_n except_o the_o coronaria_fw-la stomachica_fw-la which_o appear_v towards_o the_o upper_a orifice_n and_o soon_o disappear_v shoot_v forth_o a_o few_o branch_n the_o liver_n be_v somewhat_o blackish_a and_o of_o a_o substance_n very_o homogeneous_a without_o any_o appearance_n of_o gland_n it_o have_v seven_o lobe_n two_o great_a one_o on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o five_o other_o small_a one_o on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o bladder_n be_v between_o the_o two_o upper_a lobe_n the_o pancreas_n which_o be_v fasten_v along_o the_o duodenum_fw-la incline_v more_o towards_o the_o right_a kidney_n than_o towards_o the_o spleen_n be_v very_o small_a the_o mesentery_n be_v all_o fill_v with_o a_o very_a hard_a fat_a which_o enclose_v and_o almost_o conceal_v all_o its_o vessel_n the_o intestine_n contain_v in_o all_o seven_o foot_n in_o length_n they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o thickness_n and_o have_v nothing_o which_o may_v distinguish_v they_o from_o each_o other_o there_o be_v no_o caecum_fw-la the_o right_a kidney_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n high_o than_o the_o left_a so_o that_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n cover_v it_o the_o lung_n have_v five_o lobe_n two_o on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o two_o on_o the_o left_a which_o be_v somewhat_o small_a and_o a_o five_o in_o the_o mediastinum_fw-la the_o heart_n which_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o dog_n have_v the_o right_a auricle_n extreme_o great_a in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o in_o the_o right_a auricle_n there_o be_v find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o slimy_a matter_n harden_v the_o musculus_fw-la crotophites_n pass_v under_o the_o zygoma_n be_v fasten_v there_o it_o be_v extraordinary_a fleshy_a even_o to_o its_o insertion_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o very_a large_a tendon_n which_o be_v enclose_v between_o two_o piece_n of_o flesh_n much_o thick_a than_o those_o which_o be_v general_o find_v in_o this_o place_n and_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v there_o put_v to_o defend_v and_o strengthen_v the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o temple_n the_o orbita_fw-la be_v not_o bony_a throughout_o but_o it_o be_v supply_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n by_o a_o crrtilaginous_a ligament_n which_o join_v the_o apophysis_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o bone_n in_o the_o upper_a jaw_n the_o bone_n which_o separate_v the_o cerebrum_fw-la from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v as_o in_o dog_n the_o dura_n mater_n be_v very_o adherent_a to_o the_o cranium_fw-la the_o sinus_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la be_v full_a of_o a_o matter_n like_o a_o fryable_a fat._n the_o mamillare_v processus_n be_v very_o large_a the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n exceed_v not_o four_o line_n and_o a_o half_a in_o diameter_n the_o aperture_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v large_a and_o the_o pupilla_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o lesser_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o crystalline_a contain_v three_o line_n in_o breadth_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o thickness_n and_o be_v more_o convex_a inward_o than_o outward_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o crystalline_a make_v the_o two_o other_o humour_n to_o be_v less_o in_o quantity_n the_o choroide_n be_v all_o over_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n viz._n of_o a_o very_a brown-red_n without_o any_o tapetum_fw-la which_o be_v hardly_o ever_o want_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o other_o animal_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n the_o low_a figure_n show_v the_o difference_n that_o there_o be_v between_o the_o fore-feet_n which_o be_v lock_v up_o under_o the_o skin_n except_o the_o paw_n and_o hind_a foot_n which_o be_v join_v together_o have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o fish_n tail._n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o ear_n do_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o have_v no_o external_a ear_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la b._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi cc._n the_o venae_fw-la and_o arteriae_fw-la adiposae_fw-la d._n ren_fw-it succenturiatus_fw-la e._n the_o right_a kidney_n stripe_v of_o the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o gibbous_a part_n ffff_n four_o small_a particular_a pelves_fw-la f._n the_o emulgent_a vessel_n of_o the_o right_a kidney_n gg_n the_o emulgent_a vessel_n of_o the_o left_a kidney_n h._n the_o left_a kidney_n cover_v with_o its_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n give_v the_o left_a spermatick_a vein_n which_o general_o enter_v into_o the_o emulgent_a but_o which_o have_v three_o other_o branch_n which_o do_v fasten_v it_o to_o the_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n kl_n the_o ventricle_n half_a of_o which_o be_v take_v away_o to_o represent_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n who_o wrinkle_n be_v undulate_v and_o wave_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n and_o straight_o in_o the_o low_a mmm_o the_o liver_n n._n the_o gallbladder_n oh_o the_o heart_n p._n the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o run_v along_o by_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n qq_n the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n r._n the_o aorta_fw-la make_v the_o cross._n s._n the_o right_a arteria_fw-la axillaris_fw-la t._n the_o left_a axillaris_n δ._n the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n vv._n the_o carotide_n xx._n the_o nervi_fw-la recurrentes_fw-la yz_n the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la open_v at_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o heart_n y._n the_o hole_n which_o penetrate_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n z._n the_o oval_a hole_n which_o penetrate_v into_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o lung_n a._n a_o edge_n make_v by_o the_o interior_a membrane_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la bc_n one_o of_o the_o hair_n of_o the_o beard_n represent_v twice_o as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n d._n part_v of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la which_o with_o the_o cornea_n not_o represent_v make_v the_o half_a of_o the_o eye_n cut_v in_o two_o e._n the_o crystalline_a gg_n the_o vitreous_a humour_n hiii_fw-la the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o eye_n h._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o enter_v direct_o at_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eye_n iii._o three_o branch_n of_o blood-vessel_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o eye_n with_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o which_o be_v ramify_v in_o the_o retina_fw-la ω._n the_o tongue_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o sea-calf_n rondeletius_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v of_o two_o species_n one_o of_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o ocean_n but_o he_o make_v no_o other_o difference_n between_o each_o of_o these_o two_o species_n than_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n which_o he_o report_v to_o be_v full_a in_o the_o sea-calf_n of_o the_o ocean_n than_o in_o that_o of_o the_o mediterranean_a which_o be_v not_o so_o thick_a and_o short_a as_o the_o other_o the_o sea-calf_n who_o description_n we_o make_v have_v more_o resemblance_n with_o this_o second_o species_n than_o with_o the_o first_o it_o have_v a_o long_a neck_n and_o the_o head_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o shoulder_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o calf_n of_o the_o ocean_n so_o as_o it_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n we_o have_v of_o it_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v likewise_o straight_a the_o breast_n be_v broad_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o omoplata_n which_o be_v forward_a than_o they_o be_v in_o other_o animal_n which_o have_v the_o breast_n point_v and_o narrow_a when_o the_o omoplata_n be_v backwarde_a the_o whole_a animal_n be_v twenty_o eight_o inch_n in_o length_n from_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hind-feet_n which_o according_a to_o the_o disposition_n that_o they_o natural_o have_v in_o this_o animal_n be_v extend_v and_o join_v one_o to_o the_o other_o have_v in_o this_o only_a the_o form_n of_o a_o fish_n tail_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o rondeletius_n who_o represent_v the_o sea-calf_n as_o well_o that_o of_o the_o ocean_n as_o of_o the_o mediterrrnean_a without_o hind-feet_n and_o who_o reprehend_v aristotle_n for_o report_v that_o this_o animal_n have_v toe_n on_o the_o hind-feet_n like_v to_o those_o of_o the_o
fore-feet_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o rondeletius_n have_v confound_v the_o true_a sea-calf_n or_o phoca_n of_o the_o ancient_n with_o the_o sea-ox_n of_o the_o west-indies_n which_o have_v no_o hind-feet_n but_o only_o a_o misshape_a fish-tail_n which_o it_o make_v use_v of_o for_o swim_v which_o it_o perform_v with_o a_o very_a great_a swiftness_n according_a to_o clusius_n who_o say_v that_o he_o see_v one_o which_o the_o hollander_n have_v bring_v from_o the_o indies_n the_o sea-calf_n which_o we_o describe_v have_v not_o only_o two_o hind-feet_n but_o beside_o that_o a_o tail_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o which_o aristotle_n just_o compare_v to_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o stagg_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o toe_n of_o these_o foot_n be_v not_o so_o shape_v nor_o so_o distinct_a as_o in_o the_o fore-feet_n and_o that_o these_o two_o foot_n thus_o extend_v as_o they_o be_v and_o join_v one_o against_o the_o other_o have_v rather_o the_o form_n of_o a_o fishe_n tail_n than_o that_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o animal_n which_o have_v any_o and_o which_o they_o common_o bend_v under_o the_o belly_n these_o foot_n be_v like_a to_o those_o of_o a_o ducker_n which_o can_v walk_v like_o other_o bird_n by_o hold_v their_o body_n parallel_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o which_o be_v force_v to_o go_v upright_o like_o man._n aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n resemble_v hand_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o fore-feet_n of_o this_o animal_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o three_o part_n which_o do_v compose_v the_o arm_n of_o a_o man_n viz._n the_o arm_n cubitus_fw-la and_o hand_n have_v only_o the_o last_o correspondent_a to_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n so_o that_o this_o part_n proceed_v immediate_o from_o the_o breast_n the_o sea_n ox_n of_o the_o western_a island_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sea-calf_n of_o a_o prodigious_a bigness_n be_v there_o call_v manaty_n because_o that_o according_a to_o oviedo_n remark_n it_o have_v only_o the_o fore-feet_n which_o by_o the_o spaniard_n be_v in_o all_o animal_n common_o call_v hand_n in_o our_o subject_n the_o brachium_fw-la and_o cubitus_fw-la be_v enclose_v and_o lock_v up_o under_o the_o skin_n which_o cover_v the_o breast_n and_o there_o be_v only_o the_o paw_n which_o come_v outward_o these_o paw_n thus_o close_v and_o contract_v do_v not_o seem_v to_o we_o sufficient_a to_o serve_v the_o female_a to_o embrace_v her_o young_a as_o oppian_n report_v that_o she_o do_v when_o she_o carry_v they_o to_o sea_n they_o do_v likewise_o appear_v even_o as_o the_o hind-feet_n fit_a for_o swim_v than_o walk_v although_o in_o truth_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o these_o foot_n can_v well_o serve_v to_o walk_v convenient_o aelian_a have_v observe_v that_o the_o female_n have_v a_o great_a care_n of_o carry_v and_o frequent_o recarry_v their_o young_a one_o sometime_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o sometime_o on_o land_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o be_v to_o teach_v they_o to_o swim_v and_o walk_v by_o a_o long_a exercise_n which_o produce_v a_o habit_n capable_a of_o supply_v the_o convenience_n which_o nature_n have_v deny_v they_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o homer_n call_v the_o sea-calf_n nepode_n by_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o do_v swim_v with_o foot_n and_o walk_v with_o fin_n and_o not_o because_o they_o have_v no_o foot_n as_o eustathius_n explain_v it_o these_o foot_n have_v claw_n which_o be_v not_o so_o necessary_a for_o swim_v as_o they_o be_v for_o walk_v so_o that_o it_o seem_v that_o nature_n who_o have_v make_v the_o sea-calf_n to_o live_v like_o the_o castor_n on_o land_n and_o in_o the_o water_n have_v give_v organ_n to_o each_o of_o these_o animal_n to_o go_v with_o more_o or_o less_o ease_n according_a as_o it_o have_v design_v they_o to_o be_v more_o general_o in_o the_o one_o or_o other_o of_o these_o element_n for_o the_o sea-calf_n which_o be_v often_o in_o the_o sea_n than_o on_o land_n walk_v not_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n and_o facility_n as_o the_o castor_n and_o the_o castor_n swim_v not_o so_o easy_o as_o the_o sea-calf_n because_o it_o go_v into_o the_o water_n only_o to_o catch_v fish_n and_o make_v not_o its_o common_a residence_n there_o for_o these_o very_a reason_n the_o heart_n and_o lung_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v a_o particular_a conformation_n to_o enable_v this_o animal_n to_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n without_o breathe_v as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v explain_v but_o the_o castor_n which_o stay_v not_o long_o in_o the_o water_n have_v not_o this_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o heart_n at_o least_o we_o have_v not_o find_v it_o in_o the_o two_o castor_n which_o we_o dissect_v the_o one_o whereof_o be_v of_o canada_n the_o other_o of_o france_n the_o head_n be_v not_o short_a and_o round_o as_o rondeletius_n describe_v it_o and_o its_o nose_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o make_v it_o resemble_v the_o head_n of_o a_o calf_n but_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o like_o those_o of_o a_o calf_n which_o have_v they_o full_a and_o as_o it_o be_v stand_v out_o of_o the_o head_n for_o those_o of_o our_o subject_n be_v hide_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sink_v into_o their_o orbite_n who_o upper_a edge_n be_v not_o raise_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o calf_n nevertheless_o thesâ—…_n eye_n be_v large_a contain_v fifteen_o line_n diameter_n there_o be_v a_o internal_a eyelidd_a to_o cover_v the_o eye_n it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o hide_v in_o the_o great_a canthus_n over_o the_o eye_n there_o want_v those_o long_a hair_n which_o rondeletius_n and_o severinus_n do_v there_o place_n and_o it_o only_o have_v some_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o nose_n which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a peculiar_a figure_n be_v square_a and_o flat_v with_o knot_n from_o space_n to_o space_n and_o very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o as_o it_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n beyond_o the_o eye_n there_o be_v hole_n for_o the_o internal_a ear_n as_o in_o bird_n and_o there_o be_v no_o external_a one_o aristotle_n have_v observe_v that_o this_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o sea-calf_n which_o among_o all_o viviparous_a animal_n be_v the_o sole_a one_o that_o have_v internal_a and_o no_o external_a ear_n the_o whole_a skin_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o short_a hair_n very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o land_n calf_n silvaticus_n do_v â—…ill_v compare_v it_o to_o that_o of_o the_o goat_n which_o be_v very_o long_o it_o be_v colour_n be_v between_o a_o grey_a and_o yellow_a somewhat_o faint_a towards_o the_o belly_n than_o towards_o the_o back_n which_o be_v chequer_a with_o spot_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o nail_n of_o a_o dark-red_n pliny_n report_v that_o this_o hair_n a_o long_a time_n after_o that_o the_o skin_n have_v be_v flay_v retain_v such_o a_o sympathy_n with_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o follow_v its_o motion_n and_o that_o sometime_o it_o stare_v sometime_o be_v smooth_a as_o the_o sea_n swell_v or_o be_v abate_v by_o its_o flux_n and_o reflux_n severinus_n declare_v that_o he_o have_v see_v this_o miracle_n but_o he_o express_v it_o with_o such_o excess_n that_o it_o be_v the_o less_o credible_a he_o say_v that_o when_o the_o northwind_n blow_v the_o hair_n which_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o southwind_n be_v not_o only_o lay_v but_o do_v whole_o disappear_v cardan_n affirm_v that_o this_o property_n which_o have_v pass_v for_o fabulous_a be_v find_v true_a in_o the_o indies_n experience_n have_v demonstrate_v to_o we_o that_o this_o miracle_n be_v never_o see_v at_o paris_n for_o have_v keep_v and_o observe_v this_o skin_n for_o several_a month_n we_o find_v that_o the_o hair_n be_v in_o all_o weather_n of_o the_o same_o height_n and_o situation_n the_o skin_n be_v hard_a and_o thick_a pliny_n say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o kill_v the_o sea-calf_n but_o by_o break_v its_o head._n the_o historian_n of_o the_o west-indies_n do_v report_v that_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o manati_n be_v tan_v be_v above_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o that_o thereof_o be_v make_v the_o sole_n of_o shoe_n the_o tooth_n which_o be_v long_o and_o sharp_a in_o both_o the_o jaw_n be_v very_o unlike_a to_o those_o of_o the_o calf_n and_o do_v better_o resemble_v the_o tooth_n of_o a_o wolf._n so_o that_o the_o spaniard_n and_o german_n have_v reason_n to_o call_v this_o animal_n the_o sea_n wolf._n beside_o the_o mild_a and_o heavy_a disposition_n of_o the_o land-calf_n have_v very_o little_a resemblance_n with_o that_o of_o the_o sea-calf_n which_o naturalist_n report_v to_o be_v crafty_a bold_a and_o courageous_a live_v on_o rapine_n have_v the_o industry_n of_o assemble_v with_o its_o kind_a to_o attack_v the_o great_a fish_n and_o strength_n enough_o to_o defend_v itself_o on_o land_n against_o the_o bear_n which_o be_v
have_v as_o yet_o be_v see_v only_o by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n who_o have_v observe_v some_o of_o this_o nature_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o azygos_n and_o which_o he_o think_v to_o serve_v to_o hinder_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o azygos_n from_o return_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la but_o this_o conformation_n be_v extraordinary_a whatever_o this_o author_n say_v who_o averr'_v himself_o to_o have_v see_v it_o a_o thousand_o time_n because_o that_o all_o anatomist_n with_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n do_v testify_v and_o avow_v to_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a and_o never_o to_o have_v find_v valve_n in_o the_o vein_n who_o situation_n favour_v not_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n the_o carotide_n have_v be_v open_v long-way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v several_a ray_n like_o transverse_a cutts_n which_o interrupt_v the_o continuitie_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o this_o artery_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v make_v to_o knit_v together_o these_o fibre_n and_o to_o fortify_v they_o even_o as_o it_o be_v see_v in_o the_o fibres_fw-es of_o the_o right_a muscle_n of_o the_o belly_n which_o be_v so_o interrupt_v by_o the_o transverse_a line_n that_o they_o be_v call_v enervation_n it_o be_v search_v whether_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o crural_a artery_n but_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o even_a and_o have_v not_o these_o cutts_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o diameter_n the_o crystalline_a be_v more_o convex_a behind_o than_o before_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o pintado_n the_o pintado_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o low_a figure_n have_v no_o tuft_n at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o beak_n like_o that_o who_o head_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n as_o to_o other_o particular_n the_o ten_o which_o we_o describe_v have_v all_o that_o be_v remarkable_a in_o this_o viz._n the_o tail_n turn_v downward_o as_o it_o be_v in_o partridge_n the_o neck_n and_o leg_n long_o than_o partridge_n be_v the_o foot_n provide_v with_o membrane_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o waterfowl_n the_o head_n cover_v with_o a_o casque_n the_o top_n of_o the_o beak_n garnish_v with_o two_o appendix_n and_o the_o whole_a plumage_n black_a or_o dark-gray_a spekle_v with_o white_a spot_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n a_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v uncover_v b_o be_v that_o which_o be_v cover_v by_o another_o feather_n c_o d._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o belly_n c_o the_o part_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o cover_v the_o down_o mark_v d._n e_o f_o g._n the_o head_n almost_o as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n e_o the_o tuft_n which_o grow_v out_o at_o the_o root_n at_o the_o beak_n f._n the_o casque_n or_o bonnet_n g_o the_o fleshy_a beard_n g._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear._n h_o h._n the_o small_a muscle_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la i_o i._n the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n divide_v into_o two_o branch_n k_o k._n the_o carotide_n the_o left_a of_o which_o seem_v to_o proceed_v immediate_o from_o the_o heart_n l._n the_o cross_n or_o bend_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi on_o the_o right_a side_n m_o n._n the_o heart_n n._n the_o right_a auricle_n o_o o._n the_o liver_n p._n the_o gallbladder_n q._n the_o ductus_fw-la which_o convey_v the_o choler_n into_o the_o intestine_a r._n the_o intestine_a s._n the_o ventricle_n or_o gizzard_n t_o t._n the_o venae_fw-la iliacae_fw-la v._o a_o single_a testicle_n fasten_v to_o the_o bifurcation_n of_o the_o iliack_a vein_n x_o x._o the_o emulgent_a vein_n y._n the_o continuation_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi beyond_o the_o venae_fw-la iliacae_fw-la a_o a._n the_o iliack_a artery_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o emulgent_n b_o b._n the_o kidney_n c_o c._n the_o ureter_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o ten_o pintado_n the_o bird_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o hen_n call_v pintado_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o exactness_n of_o the_o figure_n which_o seem_v as_o if_o paint_a on_o its_o plumage_n these_o figure_v not_o be_v irregular_a and_o as_o it_o be_v accidental_o make_v as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o bird_n upon_o this_o very_a reason_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o these_o fowl_n for_o by_o varro_n and_o pliny_n they_o be_v call_v variae_fw-la and_o by_o martial_a guttatae_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o white_a spot_n wherewith_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v diversify_v and_o speckled_a as_o it_o be_v with_o several_a drop_n their_o egg_n be_v likewise_o paint_v and_o chequer_v with_o white_a and_o black_a thus_o this_o sort_n of_o diversity_n be_v a_o thing_n natural_a and_o perpetual_a to_o these_o bird_n which_o this_o particularity_n distinguish_v from_o common_a hen_n which_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o bird_n be_v almost_o the_o sole_a one_o which_o have_v not_o the_o plumage_n always_o with_o the_o same_o colour_n in_o their_o species_n hen_n be_v indifferent_o white_a black_a gray_a yellow_a or_o mix_v with_o all_o these_o colour_n other_o author_n have_v give_v to_o the_o pintado_n appellation_n take_v from_o the_o country_n where_o they_o do_v general_o breed_v which_o be_v africa_n by_o call_v they_o hen_n of_o africa_n barbary_n numidia_n guinea_n mauritania_n tunis_n pharos_n that_o be_v to_o say_v egypt_n margravius_n report_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n it_o be_v call_v quesele_n pliny_n relate_v that_o they_o be_v also_o call_v meleagrides_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o his_o time_n they_o go_v annual_o from_o africa_n into_o boeotia_n and_o come_v to_o beat_v themselves_o near_o the_o tomb_n of_o meleager_n who_o story_n feign_v that_o the_o sister_n be_v change_v into_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v some_o which_o do_v think_v that_o the_o meleagris_n be_v the_o cocq-d'inde_a or_o turkey-cock_n which_o shall_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o ten_o pintado_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v the_o dissection_n be_v of_o the_o size_n and_o almost_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o ordinary_a hen._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o do_v better_o resemble_v the_o partridge_n but_o the_o length_n of_o their_o neck_n and_o leg_n which_o do_v even_o surpass_v that_o of_o the_o neck_n and_o leg_n of_o hen_n have_v make_v we_o to_o disapprove_v this_o similitude_n we_o only_o find_v that_o they_o have_v the_o tail_n bend_v downward_o like_o the_o partridge_n and_o not_o hold_v up_o like_o the_o hen._n but_o they_o have_v no_o characteristic_a more_o particular_a of_o the_o hen_n than_o the_o fleshy_a appendix_n which_o do_v hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o their_o jaw_n which_o be_v not_o mett-with_a in_o any_o other_o bird_n and_o which_o even_o in_o the_o pintado_n have_v something_o different_a from_o those_o which_o be_v in_o hen_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v explain_v their_o whole_a plumage_n be_v only_o of_o two_o colour_n viz._n white_a and_o black._n the_o white_a be_v every_o where_o perfect_o white_a the_o black_a be_v also_o in_o some_o place_n perfect_o black_a but_o in_o the_o most_o it_o be_v faint_a and_o incline_v to_o a_o dark-gray_n the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n instead_o of_o feather_n be_v only_o garnish_v with_o a_o black_a down_o which_o do_v better_o resemble_v hair_n than_o feather_n these_o hair_n be_v about_o two_o line_n long_o be_v turn_v upward_o contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a situation_n of_o hair_n and_o feather_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n these_o hair_n be_v almost_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tuft_n the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n have_v little_a dark-gray_a feather_n mark_v with_o white_a these_o feather_n go_v insensible_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n the_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n be_v garnish_v with_o beard_n or_o branching_n like_o grayish_a white_a down_n above_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o on_o each_o side_n each_o down_n or_o beard_n be_v dissheivel_v and_o divide_v as_o it_o be_v into_o several_a fine_a lock_n or_o thread_n towards_o its_o extremity_n near_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n the_o root_n of_o each_o beard_n be_v join_v together_o by_o the_o crotchet_n or_o little_a fibres_n wherewith_o the_o beard_n or_o branching_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o flight_n use_v to_o be_v fasten_v and_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o ostrich_n the_o other_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n be_v compose_v of_o these_o same_o sort_n of_o beard_n or_o branching_n which_o
region_n be_v destitute_a for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o bird_n which_o do_v never_o rise_v very_o high_a into_o the_o air_n who_o lung_n have_v notwithstanding_o these_o bladder_n in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v retain_v there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a many_o that_o have_v wing_n which_o they_o use_v not_o for_o fly_v and_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v find_v some_o part_n in_o animal_n which_o have_v not_o any_o use_n in_o certain_a species_n and_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o whole_a genus_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v a_o important_a use_n in_o some_o of_o the_o species_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o in_o several_a kind_n of_o animal_n the_o male_n have_v teat_n like_o the_o female_n that_o mole_n have_v eye_n ostrich_n and_o cassowar_n wing_n and_o that_o land-tortoise_n have_v a_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o agree_v only_o with_o water-tortoise_n as_o it_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o tortoise_n however_o it_o be_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n of_o bird_n give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o do_v serve_v to_o this_o retention_n because_o it_o be_v see_v that_o the_o hole_n which_o they_o have_v to_o give_v entrance_n into_o the_o pouch_n be_v most_o in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o voluntary_a constriction_n and_o relaxation_n and_o moreover_o this_o retention_n of_o the_o air_n be_v manifest_a in_o the_o chameleon_n which_o have_v lung_n of_o a_o structure_n like_o that_o of_o bird_n for_o we_o have_v remark_v that_o the_o chameleon_n be_v sometime_o swell_v as_o it_o be_v ready_a to_o burst_v and_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o this_o posture_n although_o the_o reciprocation_n of_o the_o respiration_n cease_v not_o from_o go_v its_o usual_a pace_n as_o if_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n this_o animal_n do_v retain_v the_o air_n in_o some_o of_o the_o bladder_n viz._n in_o those_o who_o aperture_n be_v in_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o that_o in_o the_o other_o it_o leave_v a_o free_a egress_n and_o entrance_n to_o the_o air_n for_o respiration_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o great_a diaphragme_n there_o be_v a_o membrane_n which_o like_o a_o mediastinum_fw-la descend_v from_o top_n to_o bottom_n and_o which_o serve_v for_o a_o ligament_n to_o suspend_v the_o heart_n liver_n ventricle_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n be_v separable_a from_o the_o diaphragme_n and_o muscle_n of_o the_o lung_n each_o have_v their_o particular_a tunicle_n these_o tunicle_n be_v join_v together_o make_v double_a and_o not_o single_a partition_n the_o second_o bladder_n have_v two_o hole_n the_o four_o descend_v not_o so_o low_a as_o in_o other_o bird_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o sternum_fw-la be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a venture_n great_a than_o ordinary_a this_o bladder_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a as_o in_o bird_n which_o have_v the_o sternum_n big_a which_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o use_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o this_o four_o bladder_n and_o which_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ostrich_n now_o the_o sternum_n be_v proportionable_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o ostrich_n because_o that_o the_o muscle_n design_v for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o wing_n to_o which_o it_o give_v rise_v be_v very_o small_a and_o proportion_v to_o the_o wing_n the_o heart_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o a_o inch_n broad_a towards_o its_o basis._n it_o be_v fleshy_a valve_n make_v a_o sack_n that_o be_v but_o one_o line_n deep_a the_o tongue_n measure_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o eight_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v indent_v all_o round_a like_o a_o cock_n comb_n aldrovandus_n have_v say_v that_o the_o cassowar_n have_v neither_o wing_n nor_o tongue_n instead_o of_o say_v that_o these_o part_n be_v of_o a_o structure_n altogether_o extraordinary_a in_o this_o bird._n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v very_o big_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o cornea_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a diameter_n and_o the_o cornea_n but_o three_o line_n the_o crystalline_a be_v four_o the_o black_a purse_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v as_o usual_o in_o other_o bird_n in_o this_o subject_a we_o apply_v ourselves_o exact_o to_o remark_n what_o belong_v to_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o all_o bird_n and_o in_o those_o of_o the_o generality_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o particularity_n of_o the_o admirable_a structure_n of_o this_o eyelid_n be_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v distinct_o discover_v the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n among_o a_o thousand_o other_o of_o which_o we_o perceive_v not_o the_o contrivance_n because_o we_o understand_v they_o only_o by_o the_o effect_n of_o which_o we_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o we_o here_o treat_v of_o a_o machine_n all_o the_o part_n whereof_o be_v visible_a and_o which_o need_v only_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o discover_v the_o reason_n of_o its_o motion_n and_o action_n this_o internal_a eyelid_n in_o bird_n be_v a_o membranous_a part_n which_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o cornea_n when_o it_o be_v draw_v upon_o it_o like_o a_o curtain_n by_o a_o little_a cord_n or_o tendon_n and_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o again_o into_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n to_o uncover_v the_o cornea_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o very_a strong_a ligament_n that_o it_o have_v and_o which_o in_o draw_v it_o back_o towards_o their_o origine_fw-la do_v fold_v it_o up_o it_o make_v a_o triangle_n when_o extend_v and_o it_o have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o crescent_a when_o fold_v up_o it_o be_v basis_n which_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la be_v towards_o the_o great_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n which_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la form_n when_o it_o be_v flat_v before_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o its_o anteriour_a part_n which_o be_v flat_a and_o on_o which_o the_o cornea_n be_v raise_v make_v a_o convexitie_n this_o basis_n which_o be_v the_o part_n immovable_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la do_v take_v up_o more_o than_o a_o three_o of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la the_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o which_o be_v movable_a be_v reinforce_v with_o a_o border_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o tarsus_n and_o which_o be_v black_a in_o most_o quadruped_n this_o side_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v that_o which_o be_v draw_v back_o into_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o whole_a eyelid_n which_o part_v from_o its_o origine_fw-la proceed_v to_o join_v themselves_o to_o its_o tarsus_n to_o extend_v this_o eyelid_n over_o the_o cornea_n there_o be_v two_o muscle_n that_o be_v see_v when_o the_o six_o be_v take_v away_o which_o serve_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a eye_n we_o find_v that_o the_o great_a of_o these_o two_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o very_a edge_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la towards_o the_o great_a corner_n from_o whence_o the_o eyelid_n take_v its_o original_n it_o be_v very_o fleshy_a in_o its_o beginning_n which_o be_v a_o large_a basis_n from_o whence_o come_v insensible_o to_o contract_v itself_o by_o pass_v under_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n like_v as_o the_o eyelid_n pass_v over_o it_o it_o approach_v the_o optic_a nerve_n where_o it_o produce_v a_o tendon_n round_o and_o slender_a so_o that_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o other_o muscle_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o poultry_n and_o which_o hinder_v it_o from_o press_v the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o which_o it_o be_v bend_v and_o make_v a_o angle_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o come_v out_o from_o underneath_o the_o eye_n to_o insert_v itself_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o make_v the_o internal_a eyelid_n this_o second_o muscle_n have_v its_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o same_o circle_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la but_o opposite_a to_o the_o first_o towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o eye_n like_o the_o other_o go_v to_o meet_v it_o and_o embrace_v its_o tendon_n as_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o action_n of_o these_o two_o muscle_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o first_o to_o draw_v by_o mean_n of_o its_o cord_n or_o tendon_n the_o corner_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n and_o to_o extend_v it_o over_o the_o cornea_n as_o to_o the_o
second_o muscle_n its_o action_n be_v by_o make_v its_o tendon_n to_o approach_v towards_o its_o origine_fw-la to_o hinder_v the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o it_o embrace_v from_o hurt_v the_o optic_a nerve_n but_o its_o principal_a use_n be_v to_o assist_v the_o action_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n and_o it_o be_v herein_o that_o the_o mechanism_n be_v marvellous_a in_o this_o structure_n which_o make_v that_o these_o two_o muscle_n join_v together_o do_v draw_v much_o far_a than_o if_o it_o have_v but_o one_o for_o the_o inflexion_n of_o the_o cord_n of_o the_o first_o muscle_n which_o cause_v it_o to_o make_v a_o angle_n on_o the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v make_v only_o for_o this_o end_n and_o a_o single_a muscle_n with_o a_o strait_a tendon_n have_v be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o have_v power_n to_o draw_v far_o enough_o but_o the_o traction_n which_o must_v make_v the_o eyelid_n to_o extend_v over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n be_v necessary_o great_a it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v but_o by_o a_o very_a long_a muscle_n and_o such_o a_o muscle_n not_o be_v able_a to_o be_v lodge_v in_o the_o eye_n all_o its_o length_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n than_o to_o supply_v the_o action_n of_o a_o long_a muscle_n by_o that_o of_o two_o indifferent_a one_o and_o by_o bend_v one_o of_o they_o to_o give_v it_o the_o great_a length_n in_o a_o little_a space_n the_o inspection_n of_o the_o figure_n will_v serve_v great_o to_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o description_n which_o the_o novelty_n of_o the_o thing_n render_v obscure_a in_o itself_o the_o use_n of_o this_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o till_o now_o have_v be_v describe_v by_o no_o person_n be_v not_o determine_v our_o opinion_n be_v that_o it_o serve_v to_o clean_a the_o cornea_n and_o to_o hinder_v that_o by_o dry_v it_o grow_v not_o less_o transparent_a man_n and_o the_o ape_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a animal_n where_o we_o have_v not_o find_v this_o eyelid_n have_v not_o want_v this_o precaution_n for_o the_o cleanse_v their_o eye_n because_o that_o they_o have_v hand_n with_o which_o they_o may_v by_o rub_v their_o eyelid_n express_v the_o humidity_n which_o they_o contain_v and_o which_o they_o let_v out_o through_o the_o ductus_fw-la lacrymalis_n which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n when_o the_o sight_n be_v darken_v or_o when_o the_o eye_n suffer_v any_o pain_n or_o itch_a for_o these_o accident_n do_v cease_v when_o the_o eye_n be_v rub_v but_o the_o dissection_n have_v distinct_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o organ_n which_o do_v particular_o serve_v for_o this_o use_n and_o which_o be_v otherwise_o in_o bird_n than_o in_o man_n where_o the_o ductus_fw-la pass_v not_o beyond_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n for_o in_o bird_n it_o go_v beyond_o and_o penetrate_v above_o half_a way_n on_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n it_o be_v open_v underneath_o upon_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v evident_o do_v to_o spread_v a_o liquor_n over_o the_o whole_a cornea_n when_o this_o eyelid_n pass_v and_o repass_n as_o we_o observe_v it_o to_o do_v every_o moment_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tortoise_n this_o tortoise_n have_v several_a particularity_n which_o do_v render_v it_o different_a from_o those_o that_o we_o have_v in_o france_n it_o be_v shell_n be_v not_o flat_a but_o very_o convex_a it_o have_v but_o one_o shell_n to_o cover_v its_o back_n and_o belly_n it_o be_v tail_n be_v furnish_v with_o a_o horn_n at_o the_o end_n its_o paw_n be_v not_o cover_v with_o scales_n but_o with_o a_o skin_n wrinkle_a like_o spanish_a leather_n its_o claw_n be_v not_o sharp_a but_o blunt_a and_o half_o wear_v away_o and_o its_o jaw_n tooth_v like_o a_o saw._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b_o c_o d._n the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o liver_n a._n a_o little_a lobe_n which_o cover_v the_o bladder_n b._n the_o bladder_n c._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n d._n the_o right_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la e_o f_o g._n the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n e._n the_o left_a ramus_n hepaticus_fw-la f._n the_o isthmus_n by_o which_o the_o left_a and_o right_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n be_v join_v together_o g._n the_o great_a lobe_n of_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n h_o h._n the_o right_a vena_fw-la cava_fw-la i_o i._n the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la k._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la l._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o rami_n hepatici_n m_o m._n the_o kidney_n n_o n._n the_o venae_fw-la emulgentes_fw-la to_o which_o be_v fasten_v two_o gland_n o_o o._n the_o testicle_n p_o p._n the_o epididymides_n proceed_v from_o the_o kidney_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o testicle_n by_o little_a ductus_n q_o q._n the_o ureter_n r_o r._n the_o bladder_n open_v s._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n open_v offer_v to_o the_o sight_n two_o carunculae_fw-la which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ureter_n and_o two_o other_o which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o deferentia_fw-la t_o t._n two_o hole_n which_o be_v of_o the_o origine_fw-la at_o the_o spongious_a ligament_n compose_v the_o body_n of_o the_o penis_n v_o v._n a_o large_a muscle_n which_o include_v the_o rectum_fw-la and_o penis_n x_o x._o two_o other_o muscle_n of_o the_o penis_n which_o be_v interlace_v with_o two_o other_o mark_v y_o y._n y._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la z._n the_o great_a circular_a appendix_n δ._n the_o little_a appendix_n with_o its_o two_o button_n φ_n φ._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la cut_v lengthwise_o to_o discover_v the_o body_n if_o the_o penis_n θ._n a_o aperture_n between_o the_o two_o ligament_n on_o which_o abutt_n the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n φ._n the_o penis_n cut_v a_o cross_n to_o discover_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o two_o ligament_n mark_v ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr and_o the_o cavity_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o urethra_n mark_v Ï€._n ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω_fw-gr ω._n the_o great_a ductus_n of_o the_o lung_n ξ_n ξ_n ξ._n the_o bladder_n open_v into_o the_o ductus_n λ_n λ._n the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n see_v on_o the_o side_n which_o touch_v the_o backbone_n 1._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o leave_v vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 2._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o right_n vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 3._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n form_v two_o cross_n 4._o the_o left_a aorta_n 5._o the_o right_a aorta_n 6._o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o two_o aortas_n 7_o 7._o the_o carotide_n 8._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n 9_o 9_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v discharge_v into_o the_o axillare_v 10._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o stomach_n 11._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o liver_n pancreas_n spleen_n etc._n etc._n 12._o the_o artery_n which_o go_v to_o the_o intestine_n 13._o the_o heart_n in_o its_o natural_a situation_n 14._o the_o anteriour_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n 15._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o lung_n open_v to_o show_v its_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n 16._o 16._o the_o heart_n out_o of_o its_o natural_a situation_n be_v raise_v upward_o and_o separate_v from_o its_o auricles_n λ_n λ_n which_o be_v in_o their_o place_n 17._o 18._o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n 19_o the_o aorta_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o right_a ventricle_n it_o be_v open_v to_o represent_v its_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n 20_o 20_o 20._o the_o three_o valvulae_fw-la sigmoide_n which_o be_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o auricles_n of_o the_o heart_n a_o b._n two_o hole_n which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ductus_fw-la by_o which_o the_o two_o posteriour_a ventricles_n do_v commnuicate_a c_o d._n two_o other_o hole_n which_o do_v make_v the_o communication_n of_o the_o posteriour_a left_a ventricle_n with_o the_o anteriour_a α_n α._n the_o cerebrum_fw-la β._n the_o cerebellum_fw-la γ_n γ._n the_o olfactory_a nerve_n δ._n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la ε_n ε._n the_o musculi_fw-la crotaphitae_fw-la cut_n θ_o θ._n the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la χ._n the_o cartilaginous_a plate_n oâ—…_n film_n which_o stop_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear._n Ï„._n a_o ductus_fw-la which_o descend_v into_o the_o palate_n κ._n the_o plate_n or_o film_n sustain_v by_o the_o â—…ony_n stylus_fw-la mark_v â—…_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o great_a indian_a tortoise_n this_o tortoise_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v take_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n it_o be_v four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o fourteen_o inch_n thick_a the_o shell_n contain_v three_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n how_o great_a soever_o this_o tortoise_n be_v it_o come_v not_o near_o those_o of_o which_o elian_n and_o pliny_n do_v speak_v which_o be_v fifteen_o cubit_n and_o every_o one_o of_o
the_o exactness_n with_o which_o the_o glottis_fw-la be_v close_v in_o this_o animal_n seem_v great_o to_o assist_v the_o effect_n of_o this_o compression_n even_o as_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o be_v for_o such_o a_o use_n that_o the_o bladder_n of_o fish_n be_v so_o close_v that_o what_o force_n soever_o be_v use_v for_o the_o compress_v they_o the_o air_n can_v be_v get_v out_o otherwise_o than_o by_o burst_v they_o for_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o these_o bladder_n be_v in_o fish_n to_o remain_v always_o in_o one_o state_n they_o will_v hurt_v they_o as_o much_o in_o hinder_v they_o from_o descend_v in_o the_o water_n as_o they_o will_v assist_v they_o by_o make_v they_o to_o rise_v towards_o its_o surface_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o will_v have_v suffice_v that_o their_o body_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n thin_a enough_o to_o render_v their_o bulk_n proportion_v to_o their_o weight_n such_o as_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o wood_n and_o other_o spongious_a body_n which_o do_v swim_v upon_o the_o water_n we_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n observe_v tortoise_n float_v upon_o the_o water_n without_o stir_v fish_n do_v likewise_o keep_v themselves_o a_o long_a while_n in_o one_o place_n under_o water_n sometime_o near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n sometime_o near_o its_o surface_n the_o little_a figure_n of_o enamel_n do_v thus_o stop_v themselves_o in_o different_a place_n according_a to_o the_o different_a compression_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o do_v contain_v aristotle_n and_o pliny_n have_v remark_v that_o when_o tortoise_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n upon_o the_o water_n during_o a_o calm_a it_o happen_v that_o their_o shell_n be_v dry_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o be_v easy_o take_v by_o the_o fisherman_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v plung_v into_o the_o water_n nimble_o enough_o be_v become_v too_o light_a this_o show_v what_o equality_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o their_o equilibrium_n see_v that_o so_o little_a a_o change_n as_o this_o which_o may_v happen_v by_o the_o sole_a dry_n of_o the_o shell_n be_v capable_a of_o make_v it_o useless_a for_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o tortoise_n which_o be_v always_o careful_a to_o keep_v itself_o in_o this_o equilibrium_n so_o as_o other_o animal_n be_v to_o keep_v themselves_o on_o their_o leg_n in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o same_o instinct_n dare_v not_o let_v the_o air_n out_o of_o its_o lung_n to_o acquire_v a_o weight_n which_o may_v makeit_fw-ge speedy_o to_o sink_v because_o it_o fear_v that_o its_o shell_n be_v wet_a it_o shall_v become_v so_o heavy_a that_o it_o be_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v never_o have_v power_n afterward_o to_o re-ascend_a now_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o unmoveableness_n of_o the_o lung_n do_v very_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o want_n of_o the_o organ_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o its_o motion_n for_o the_o tortoise_n have_v not_o only_o its_o shell_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sternum_n absolute_o immovable_a but_o in_o it_o we_o have_v find_v neither_o diaphragme_n nor_o other_o part_n which_o may_v supply_v this_o motion_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o arm_v call_v humerus_fw-la which_o it_o have_v enclose_v in_o the_o breast_n have_v a_o very_a long_a apophysis_n at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o cubitus_fw-la which_o be_v join_v with_o a_o other_o bone_n articulate_v to_o the_o cubitus_fw-la so_o that_o these_o bone_n do_v joint_o form_v two_o production_n on_o each_o side_n which_o approach_v forward_o be_v like_o claviculae_fw-la but_o these_o part_n be_v immovable_a and_o do_v evident_o serve_v only_o for_o a_o basis_n or_o origine_fw-la to_o the_o muscle_n which_o do_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o pectoral_o and_o which_o draw_v forward_o the_o movable_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n viz._n the_o cubitus_fw-la radius_fw-la and_o hand_n there_o be_v find_v muscle_n enough_o that_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n but_o muscle_n alone_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o its_o dilatation_n there_o must_v be_v the_o rib_n and_o a_o sternum_n or_o something_o analogus_fw-la that_o may_v be_v movable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_o necessary_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o inspiration_n be_v make_v by_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o hard_a and_o firm_a ligament_n which_o compose_v the_o mash_n that_o have_v be_v describe_v insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o muscle_n which_o may_v compress_v the_o lung_n begin_v to_o slacken_v these_o ligament_n be_v extend_v and_o enlarge_a the_o aperture_n of_o all_o the_o bladder_n do_v increase_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o whole_a lung_n although_o our_o tortoise_n be_v not_o of_o those_o that_o live_v in_o the_o water_n it_o do_v not_o fail_v in_o regard_n to_o this_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n to_o have_v it_o like_o that_o of_o the_o animal_n of_o its_o species_n as_o several_a bird_n be_v observe_v to_o have_v wing_n though_o they_o do_v not_o fly_v the_o brain_n be_v very_o small_a for_o the_o size_n of_o the_o head_n which_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v very_o small_a consist_v principal_o in_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o flesh_n of_o the_o crotaphitae_n muscle_n that_o cover_v it_o and_o which_o be_v thick_a as_o in_o the_o lion_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n have_v a_o crest_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o all_o animal_n that_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a strength_n in_o the_o jaw_n the_o cerebrum_fw-la with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v in_o all_o sixteen_o line_n long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a the_o sea-tortoise_n which_o be_v take_v at_o the_o ant-iles_a have_v it_o three_o time_n lesser_a in_o proportion_n for_o according_a to_o the_o relation_n which_o we_o have_v of_o those_o country_n the_o tortoise_n which_o have_v there_o a_o head_n as_o big_a as_o that_o of_o a_o calf_n have_v the_o brain_n no_o big_a than_o a_o bean._n the_o membrane_n of_o these_o two_o part_n their_o substance_n the_o lacis_fw-la choroide_v the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la the_o pituitarius_fw-la the_o infundibulum_fw-la and_o generality_n of_o the_o nerve_n be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v see_v in_o bird_n the_o other_o part_n have_v something_o particular_a the_o olfactory_a nerve_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a grandure_fw-fr make_v near_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a brain_n the_o optic_a nerve_n take_v their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o olfactory_a the_o two_o tuberosity_n that_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la have_v in_o bird_n instead_o of_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o lateral_a part_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la be_v in_o its_o upper_a part_n the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v neither_o furrow_v by_o parallel_v line_n on_o the_o out_o side_n nor_o diversify_v on_o the_o inside_n by_o the_o different_a colour_n of_o its_o substance_n which_o represent_v the_o branch_n of_o tree_n and_o its_o cavity_n be_v advance_v very_o far_o into_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la go_v even_o to_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o its_o usual_a membrane_n and_o moisten_a by_o several_a vessel_n which_o do_v accompany_v it_o to_o its_o end_n it_o fill_v the_o whole_a cavity_n of_o the_o vertebra_n and_o send_v from_o one_o part_n and_o the_o other_o several_a pair_n of_o nerve_n those_o which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o arm_n leg_n neck_n and_o tail_n be_v very_o large_a and_o numerous_a the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o inch_n diameter_n the_o internal_a eyelidd_a which_o we_o have_v see_v stir_v in_o live_a tortoise_n have_v the_o same_o muscle_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o bird_n the_o cornea_n be_v very_a thinn_n the_o aqueous_a humour_n have_v a_o consistence_n so_o thick_a that_o it_o do_v hardly_o run_v the_o iris_n be_v of_o a_o light-soot-colour_n there_o be_v see_v several_a vessel_n interlace_v in_o the_o little_a tortoise_n that_o we_o have_v here_o which_o be_v all_o water_n tortoise_n the_o iris_n have_v four_o yellow_a ray_n on_o a_o ground_n of_o light_a soot-colour_n these_o ray_n be_v dispose_v in_o cross_n round_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o uvea_o the_o chrystallinus_n contain_v but_o one_o line_n diameter_n it_o be_v flat_a and_o lenticular_a the_o membrane_n make_v like_o a_o black_a purse_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o bird_n be_v not_o meet_v with_o in_o our_o subject_n the_o tongue_n who_o figure_n be_v pyramidal_a have_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o four_o line_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v thinn_n not_o exceed_v a_o line_n the_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o which_o make_v but_o the_o half_a the_o tunicle_n have_v over_o it_o a_o great_a number_n of_o little_a teat_n the_o tongue_n with_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n have_v ten_o muscle_n five_o on_o
h._n hâ—…liaetos_n 184._o hedgehog_n 147._o 152._o herisson_n 152._o hen_n of_o africa_n barbary_n numidia_n guinea_n mauritania_n tunis_n and_o pharos_n 175._o hind_n of_o sardinia_n 167._o 170._o hyaena_fw-la 101._o hystrix_fw-la 147._o k._n kemas_n 55._o 142_o l._n lamantin_n 125._o lion._n 3._o 9_o lionness_n 13._o lupus_fw-la cervarius_n 75._o lynx_n 77._o m_o manati_fw-la 121._o meleagris_n 175._o mituporanga_n 191._o mondi_n 115._o monkey_n 157._o o._n ostrich_n 217._o otis_n 198._o otter_n 93._o otus_n 206._o p._n pintado_n 175._o phoca_fw-la 120._o porcupine_n 147._o q._n quesele_n 175._o r._n rupicapra_n 142._o s._n sapajou_n 157._o scharbo_n 133._o scops_n 206._o stag_n of_o canada_n 167._o strepsiceros_n 53._o 142._o t._n tortoise_n 252._o w._n sea-wolfe_n 122._o y._n y_fw-fr sere_n vercken_n 152._o errata_fw-la p._n 5._o l._n 48._o r._n measure_v p._n 13._o l._n 12._o r._n splitt_v at_o the_o end_n l._n 26._o r._n a_o cartilege_n p._n 20._o l._n 2._o r._n resemble_v p._n 40._o l._n 28._o r._n urethra_n l._n 30._o r._n heart_n l._n 37._o deal_n usual_o p._n 44._o l._n 4._o r._n for_o p._n 47._o l._n 36._o r._n each_o of_o the_o kidney_n p._n 48._o l._n ult_n r._n visual_a p._n 55._o l._n 41._o r._n dug_n p._n 57_o l._n 28._o r._n irregular_a l._n 33._o deal_n great_a p._n 62._o l._n 11._o r._n in_o proportion_n to_o it_o p._n 70._o l._n 23._o r._n left_a side_n p._n 71._o l._n 26._o add_v after_o ventricle_n on_o the_o out_o side_n of_o the_o liver_n p._n 78._o l._n 33._o deal_n as_o p._n 8â—…_n l._n 37._o deal_n cause_v l._n 38._o r._n urethra_n p._n 100_o l._n 1._o for_o cut_n r._n knaw_v l._n 17._o add_v then_o p._n 101._o l._n 47._o r._n out_o of_o p._n 110._o l._n 40._o r._n seller_n p._n 11â—…_n l._n 36._o r._n inch_n and_o half_a p._n 114._o l._n 14._o r._n leave_v p._n 116._o l._n 28._o for_o gula_fw-la r._n mouth_n p._n 164._o l._n 6._o r._n ossa_fw-la ilia_fw-la in_fw-la p._n 176._o l._n 18._o r._n insensible_o increase_v till_o they_o become_v three_o etc._n etc._n l._n 39_o r._n on_o p._n 182._o l._n 7._o r._n toe_n p._n 186._o l._n 17._o r._n craw._n p._n 192._o l._n 45._o r._n on_o p._n 193._o l._n 32._o r._n happen_v to_o these_o coat_n p._n 217._o l._n 29._o deal_n some_o p._n 231._o l._n 8._o for_o diaphragme_n right_a r._n right_a diaphragme_n p._n 244._o l._n 5._o deal_n by_o run_v p._n 264._o l._n 7._o r._n shut_v a_o index_n of_o matter_n chief_o anatomical_a a_o ae_n gritudo_fw-la fastigii_fw-la a_o disease_n peculiar_a to_o lion_n what_o it_o be_v according_a to_o pliny_n 5_o air_n be_v use_v in_o respiration_n 179_o air_n why_o retain_v in_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n in_o bird_n 246_o alâ—…e_n of_o the_o ancient_n our_o elk_n 107_o amber_n yellow_a think_v to_o be_v pintado_n tear_n 177_o antilope_n strepsiceros_n and_o dorcas_n the_o same_o animal_n 34_o antilope_n and_o hare_n have_v bag_n fill_v with_o a_o substance_n like_o wax_n in_o the_o groin_n 55_o anus_fw-la of_o the_o castor_n have_v no_o sphincter_n 85_o aorta_n in_o bird_n how_o divide_v at_o its_o come_n forth_o of_o the_o heart_n 210_o aorta_n descend_v on_o the_o right_a side_n in_o bird_n 236_o ape_n not_o so_o like_a man_n inward_o as_o outward_o 159_o ape_n wherein_o different_a from_o man._n ib._n ape_n provide_v with_o all_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n 163_o aqueous_a humour_n of_o the_o eye_n freeze_v not_o 66_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o the_o lion_n consist_v of_o entire_a ring_n 6_o in_o the_o cametion_n of_o entire_a ring_n 20_o in_o the_o bear_n of_o imperfect_a one_o but_o large_a than_o in_o the_o lyon._n 48_o in_o the_o elk_n of_o imperfect_a ring_n 111_o in_o the_o cormorant_n of_o entire_a ring_n 137_o in_o the_o porcupine_n of_o imperfect_a ring_n 151_o in_o the_o bustard_n of_o entire_a one_o 202_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr entire_a and_o boney_n 209_o in_o the_o ostrich_n of_o entire_a ring_n 231_o enter_v into_o the_o sternum_fw-la of_o the_o indian-cock_n 194_o and_o of_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 210_o be_v fasten_v by_o round_a muscle_n to_o the_o sternum_fw-la in_o bird_n general_o 180_o be_v blow_v into_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o craw_n and_o oesophagus_n be_v swell_v up_o 210_o auricle_n leave_v big_a than_o the_o right_n in_o the_o castor_n 89_o b_o ball_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o animal_n how_o make_v 143_o barbary_n cow_n have_v a_o small_a forehead_n 127_o thought_n to_o be_v the_o bubalus_n of_o the_o ancient_n 128_o beard-hair_n common_a to_o all_o carnivorous_a animal_n 100_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n of_o a_o particular_a figure_n 122_o beak_n of_o the_o cassowar_n and_o indian-cock_n divide_v into_o three_o at_o the_o end_n 243_o bear_n most_o powerful_a of_o any_o animal_n in_o the_o faculty_n of_o grow_v 49_o she_o bear_v after_o cubbing_n eat_v nothing_o for_o 40_o day_n 49_o cub_n of_o the_o bear_n small_a in_o comparison_n of_o all_o creature_n ib_o bear_v very_o strong_a of_o digestion_n ib_a beaver_n inside_n very_o much_o like_o a_o dog_n 89_o bezoar_n in_o the_o maw_n of_o the_o chamois_n 143_o bellows_o make_v use_v of_o to_o blow_v up_o the_o lung_n and_o keep_v the_o animal_n alive_a 261_o bird_n have_v a_o membrane_n like_o a_o epiploon_n 185_o have_v a_o fleshy_a valve_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la in_o the_o heart_n 210_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o aorta_n be_v divide_v 236_o how_o they_o trimm_n their_o feather_n 219_o bird_n of_o paradise_n false_o think_v footless_a 221_o bladder_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n blow_v up_o by_o the_o lung_n 179_o how_o fill_v and_o empty_v of_o wind_n 235_o bladder_n urinary_a in_o the_o porcupine_n have_v two_o coat_n 151_o in_o the_o lion_n very_o small_a 14_o fill_v with_o urine_n in_o the_o ostrich_n 227_o in_o small_a water-tortoise_n near_o the_o rectum_fw-la 257_o in_o the_o tortoise_n fibrous_a like_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o heart_n ib_a bone_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o carnivorous_a animal_n 125_o bone_n in_o the_o staggs_n heart_n 169_o bonnet_n on_o the_o pintado_n head._n 177_o brain_n in_o the_o bear_n 4_o time_n as_o big_a as_o the_o lion_n 46_o in_o the_o chatpard_n deep_o cut_v in_o at_o the_o falx_n 65_o in_o the_o dromedary_n six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o 41_o in_o the_o gazella_n without_o anfractuositieâ—…_n 59_o of_o the_o lion_n 2_o inch_n large_a 7._o 8_o in_o the_o chameleon_n not_o near_o so_o big_a as_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n 26_o in_o the_o sea-fox_n very_o little_a soft_a and_o flabby_a 72_o not_o easy_o distinguishable_a from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la in_o the_o castor_n 90_o large_a in_o the_o chamois_n 144_o in_o the_o lynx_n the_o cortical_a part_n white_a and_o solid_a 79_o in_o the_o porcupine_n like_o a_o hog_n 151_o in_o ape_n like_o a_o mans._n 162_o in_o the_o ostrich_n small_a in_o proportion_n 236_o brain_n be_v usual_o smooth_a without_o sinuosity_n in_o bird_n 237_o in_o bird_n divide_v in_o two_o as_o be_v well_o know_v to_o mountebank_n 237_o in_o bird_n have_v the_o cortical_a part_n ten_o time_n big_a in_o proportiont_n have_v in_o men._n ib_a branch_n of_o the_o emulgent_n terminate_v at_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o kidney_n 10_o bristle_n and_o quill_n of_o the_o porcupine_n describe_v 147_o c_o caecum_fw-la want_v in_o the_o bear._n 46._o 49_o in_o the_o gazella_n 7_o inch_n long_o 59_o in_o the_o castor_n on_o the_o left_a side_n under_o the_o spleen_n 88_o want_v in_o the_o coati_fw-la mondi_n 117_o without_o a_o appendix_n in_o the_o linx_n 78_o in_o the_o elk_n 13_o inch_n long_o 111_o in_o the_o barbary-cow_n eighteen_o inch_n long_o 128_o want_v in_o the_o cormorant_n and_o haliaeto_n 136_o in_o the_o chamois_n 8_o inch_n long_o 144_o in_o the_o porcupine_n very_o large_a 150_o want_v in_o the_o hedgehog_n 153_o in_o the_o monkey_n have_v no_o appendix_n 160_o in_o the_o stag_n ten_o foot_n long_o 169_o two_o in_o the_o pintado_n 179_o want_v in_o the_o male_a eagle_n and_o two_o small_a one_o in_o the_o female_a 186_o double_v in_o the_o bustard_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o 201_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 6_o inch_n long_o 208_o in_o the_o ostrich_n like_o the_o sea-fox_n 226_o want_v in_o the_o cassowar_n 245_o want_v in_o the_o tortoise_n 255_o a_o three_o caecum_fw-la in_o the_o bustard_n at_o fabricius_n purse_n 201_o callosity_n on_o the_o sternum_n and_o joint_n of_o the_o dromedary_n leg_n 38_o callosity_n on_o the_o sternum_fw-la of_o the_o ostrich_n and_o cassowar_n 243_o chameleon_n why_o so_o call_v 17_o have_v a_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o breathe_v 18_o be_v exceed_v lean_a 18._o 23._o 27_o have_v a_o very_a short_a neck_n 20_o feed_v on_o fly_n 28_o have_v no_o organ_n of_o hear_v
230_o scarce_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 207_o in_o the_o castor_n two_o inch_n ½_o long_o 89_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a between_o the_o two_o upper_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n 117_o large_a in_o eagle_n different_o annect_v in_o the_o different_a subject_n 187_o fasten_v to_o the_o left_a side_n in_o the_o indian-cock_n 192_o generative_a part_n in_o the_o civet-cat_n conceal_v 101_o of_o male_a ape_n different_a from_o man_n and_o dog_n 161_o of_o female_a ape_n like_o woman_n in_o some_o particular_n ib_a gizzard_n want_v in_o the_o cormorant_n 136_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n cover_v with_o a_o brittle_a coat_n on_o the_o inside_n 193_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr like_o a_o hen_n 208_o want_v in_o the_o cassowar_n though_o a_o graniverous_a animal_n 244_o possible_o supply_v by_o the_o many_o ventricles_n in_o the_o cassowar_n 245_o gland_n in_o the_o eagle_n craw._n 186_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n craw._n 193_o in_o the_o bustard_n oesophagus_fw-la 200_o in_o the_o demoiselles_fw-fr craw._n 208_o discharge_v a_o lympha_fw-la into_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 211_o in_o the_o pancreas_n of_o the_o ostrich_n quite_o separate_v and_o distinct_a 231_o in_o the_o craw_n of_o the_o bustard_n most_o distinct_a of_o any_o 244_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n in_o the_o elk_n a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a 110_o swell_v by_o syre_v into_o its_o ductus_fw-la in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 211_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la in_o the_o dromedary_n compose_v of_o three_o other_o 41_o in_o the_o chaâ—…pard_v no_o big_a than_o a_o pin._n 65_o in_o the_o lynx_n very_o small_a 79_o in_o the_o lion_n diaphanous_a and_o small_a 6_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n no_o big_a than_o a_o pin_n head_n 103_o in_o the_o elk_n very_o big_a 112_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n large_a 125_o in_o the_o chamois_v a_o line_n diameter_n 145_o general_o very_o small_a in_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a creature_n and_o very_o large_a in_o fearful_a one_o 112_o glottis_fw-la in_o the_o chameleon_n transverse_v 26_o in_o the_o tortoise_n exact_o close_v 264_o h_n hair_n of_o the_o beaver_n without_o cavity_n 83_o of_o two_o sort_n in_o some_o animal_n and_o why_o ib_o of_o the_o civet-cat_n dark_a on_o the_o belly_n and_o throat_n than_o else_o where_o contrary_a to_o other_o animal_n 100_o of_o the_o elk_n spungy_a and_o porous_a like_o rush_n 109_o of_o the_o sea-calve's_a skin_n not_o alter_v by_o the_o weather_n 122_o head_n of_o the_o ape_n have_v no_o apophysis_n mastoide_n 163_o of_o all_o bird_n proportionable_o small_a 222_o of_o a_o tortoise_n be_v cut_n off_o stir_v its_o jaw_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n 254_o heart_n of_o the_o lion_n big_a than_o other_o beast_n 6_o of_o a_o dromedary_n large_a 40_o of_o the_o castor_n have_v the_o left_a auricle_n big_a than_o the_o right_n and_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi not_o discernible_a 89_o of_o the_o elk_n seven_o inch_n long_o and_o five_o thick_a 111_o of_o the_o coati_fw-la like_o a_o dog_n the_o right_a ventricle_n be_v large_a 117_o of_o the_o gazella_n 4½_n and_o 2½_n inches_n 59_o of_o the_o sea-fox_n without_o pericardium_n but_o such_o a_o membrane_n encompass_v the_o aorta_fw-la 72_o of_o the_o lynx_n like_o a_o cat_n 79_o of_o the_o civet-catt_n like_o a_o dog_n 103_o of_o the_o chamois_n have_v a_o callous_a apophysis_n 144_o of_o the_o stag_n and_o hind_n large_a 170._o 171_o of_o the_o indian-cock_n small_a 194_o of_o the_o tortoise_n have_v three_o ventricles_n and_o be_v large_a from_o side_n to_o side_n 259_o heart_n and_o lung_n how_o form_v in_o amphibious_a animal_n ib_a heart_n and_o liver_n of_o the_o ostrich_n include_v together_o in_o one_o cavity_n 232_o of_o the_o pintado_n describe_v 180_o heart_n motion_n in_o the_o tortoise_n 262_o heart_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n describe_v 124_o differ_v much_o from_o the_o castor_n 121_o in_o bird_n have_v no_o valve_n in_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la 236_o in_o bruit_n more_o point_v than_o in_o men._n 162_o hedg-hog_n skin_n use_v ancient_o for_o brush_n 153_o hen_n almost_o the_o only_a bird_n that_o vary_v their_o colour_n 175_o hepatici-ductus_a two_o as_o many_o pancreatici_n and_o one_o cysticus_fw-la in_o the_o indian-cock_n 192._o 193_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n want_v in_o the_o chameleon_n 21_o uncover_v in_o pintado_n but_o small_a 178_o horn_n of_o the_o antilope_n and_o sheep_n describe_v 54_o of_o the_o canada-stag_n describe_v 167_o of_o bruit_n how_o nourish_v 168_o horny_a crest_n on_o the_o cossowar_n head._n 243_o hyaena_fw-la of_o aristotle_n our_o civet-cat_n 100_o 104_o hypogastrick_n send_v branch_n to_o the_o scent-bag_n in_o the_o civet-cat_n 101_o i_o jaw_n of_o the_o tortoise_n strong_a of_o all_o animal_n 254_o jejunum_n and_o ileum_n short_a in_o the_o porcupine_n 150_o internal_a eyelid_n their_o structure_n and_o use_n 248_o in_o all_o animal_n but_o man_n and_o ape_n 249_o towards_o the_o lesser_a corner_n in_o the_o chamois_n 142_o intestine_n of_o the_o dromedary_n very_o long_o 40_o in_o the_o elk_n 48_o foot_n long_o 111_o in_o the_o stag_n 96_o foot_n long_o 169_o in_o the_o hind_n 40_o foot_n long_o 171_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a 7_o foot_n long_o 117_o in_o the_o barbary-cow_n 78_o foot_n long_o 128_o in_o the_o chamois_n 40_o foot_n long_o 144_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n short_a 103_o in_o the_o cormorant_n 7_o foot_n long_o all_o of_o a_o size_n 136_o of_o the_o indian-cock_n 12_o foot_n long_o 193_o of_o the_o bustard_n 4_o foot_n long_o 201_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr 6_o foot_n long_o 208_o in_o the_o ostrich_n of_o very_a different_a length_n 226_o long_v in_o animal_n that_o feed_v on_o grass_n 169_o in_o the_o bear_n all_o of_o one_o sort_n 46_o intestine_a of_o a_o sea-fox_n have_v a_o spiral_n membrane_n in_o its_o middle_n 71_o ivy_n apt_a to_o grow_v where_o stags-horne_n have_v be_v bury_v 169_o k_o kidney_n of_o the_o bear_v divide_v into_o several_a gland_n 46_o of_o bird_n common_o large_a 187_o in_o the_o canada-stag_n large_a without_o a_o succenturiatus_fw-la 170_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n the_o right_o high_a and_o fasten_v by_o a_o duplicature_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la as_o in_fw-la man._n 103_o right_n high_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a 117_o in_o the_o cormorant_n tooth_v like_o a_o coxcomb_n 137_o in_o the_o gazella_n almost_o round_o 59_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n of_o conglomerated_a gland_n 194_o in_o the_o lynx_n of_o a_o longish_n figure_n 79_o in_o the_o ostrich_n not_o cut_v into_o three_o like_o other_o foul_a 231_o in_o the_o otter_n separate_v like_o the_o bear_n 95_o those_o of_o the_o oviparous_a animal_n describe_v 137_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n like_o the_o land-calf_n 123_o l_o lachryma_fw-la cerui_fw-la what_o 169_o lachrymalis_fw-la ductus_fw-la go_v far_a than_o the_o gland_n in_o bird_n not_o in_o men._n 249_o larynx_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n contrive_v for_o eat_v under_o water_n 123_o leg_n of_o eagle_n why_o feather_v 184_o of_o the_o tortoise_n very_o short_a 254_o ligamentum_fw-la ciliare_a its_o use_n 49_o ligament_n in_o the_o elke_n leg_n very_o strong_a 109_o liver_n in_o the_o ape_n consist_v of_o five_o lobe_n like_o a_o dog_n not_o as_o in_o man._n 159_o and_o spot_v with_o hexagonal_a spot_n as_o in_o bruit_n 160_o in_o the_o barbarian-cow_n without_o lobe_n 129_o in_o the_o bustard_n very_o large_a 199_o in_o the_o canada-stag_n and_o hind_n without_o lobe_n 170_o in_o the_o castor_n of_o five_o lobe_n 89_o in_o the_o catamountain_n of_o gland_n and_o have_v 6_o lobe_n 63_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n of_o 5_o great_a and_o one_o small_a lobe_n 103_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr very_a large_a 207_o in_o the_o gazella_n make_v up_o of_o small_a gland_n 56_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a without_o any_o appearance_n of_o gland_n 117_o in_o the_o elk_n without_o lobe_n and_o join_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n 111_o in_o the_o lynx_n seven_o lobe_n and_o like_o a_o cat_n 78_o in_o the_o ostrich_n of_o two_o lobe_n 230_o in_o the_o otter_n of_o 6_o lobe_n 95_o in_o the_o pintado_n of_o two_o lobe_n 179_o in_o the_o porcupine_n and_o hedgehog_n of_o seven_o lobe_n 150._o 15â—…_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n of_o 6_o lobe_n 123_o in_o the_o sea-fox_n of_o two_o lobe_n 71_o in_o the_o tortoise_n double_a 255_o lung_n reduce_v to_o three_o species_n 260_o and_o heart_n how_o form_v in_o amphibious_a animal_n 259_o in_o the_o ape_n of_o 7_o lobe_n man_n but_o 4._o 162_o in_o the_o barbary-cow_n of_o 7_o lobe_n 129_o those_o of_o the_o cassowar_n and_o so_o of_o bird_n in_o general_n describe_v 246_o in_o the_o chatpard_n of_o 7_o great_a and_o one_o small_a lobe_n 67_o in_o the_o civet-cat_n of_o 6_o lobe_n 103_o in_o the_o elk_n of_o 7_o lobe_n 111_o in_o the_o coati-mondi_a of_o 5_o lobe_n 117_o in_o the_o chamois_n of_o 8_o lobe_n 144_o in_o the_o gazella_n of_o 6_o lobe_n 59_o in_o the_o lynx_n
substance_n in_o the_o gizzard_n of_o the_o ostrich_n wear_v not_o corrode_v 225_o structure_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o foot_n describe_v 43_o succenturiatus_fw-la very_o large_a in_o the_o porcupine_n 150_o sweet-smells_a unpleasant_a to_o country_n people_n 104_o t_o tail_n of_o the_o castor_n like_o a_o fish_n 85._o 90_o of_o bird_n of_o what_o use_n 220_o of_o the_o tortoise_n very_o strong_a 254_o talon_n of_o the_o bustard_n solid_a 198_o two_o teat_n in_o the_o barbary-cow_n 127_o tooth_n of_o the_o sea-colf_a like_o a_o wolf_n be_v 122_o of_o the_o sea-fox_n two_o row_n on_o one_o side_n and_o but_o one_o on_o the_o other_o 70_o testicle_n of_o the_o coati_fw-la like_o a_o dog._n 117_o of_o the_o eagle_n as_o small_a as_o a_o pea._n 187_o in_o a_o female_a demoiselle_fw-fr but_o without_o epididymis_fw-la 209_o of_o the_o hedgehog_n in_o the_o belly_n 153_o of_o some_o monkey_n long_o and_o slender_a of_o other_o round_a 161_o thigh_n of_o the_o ostrich_n very_o large_a 223_o toe_n but_o three_o in_o the_o bustard_n 198_o but_o two_o in_o the_o ostrich_n 223_o and_o the_o little_a one_o without_o claw_n ib_a thorax_n of_o a_o bear_n large_a than_o a_o lion_n 45_o tongue_n of_o a_o chameleon_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a make_v etc._n etc._n 27._o 30_o of_o a_o cassowar_n like_o a_o cock's-comb_n 248_o of_o a_o cormorant_n double_a 137_o of_o a_o dromedary_n have_v asperity_n that_o turn_v outward_o 40_o of_o a_o eagle_n cartilaginous_a 187_o of_o a_o ostrich_n a_o little_a fork_a 222_o of_o a_o porcupine_n tooth_v 149_o of_o a_o sea-calf_n fork_a 123_o of_o the_o tortoise_n have_v ten_o muscle_n 266_o of_o the_o woodpecker_n how_o thrust_v out_o 30_o tortoise_n have_v no_o upper_a eyelid_n 254_o want_n the_o outward_a ear-hole_n yet_o have_v the_o sense_n of_o hear_v 266_o alter_v his_o bulk_n in_o the_o water_n prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n 264_o tuft_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o lynx_n peculiar_a to_o that_o animal_n 76_o tusk_n of_o the_o coati_n sharp_a like_o a_o awl_n 116_o five_o valve_n in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o venacava_a 89_o in_o the_o porta_n of_o the_o barbary-cow_n favour_v dr._n glissons_n hypoth_v 129_o in_o the_o jugular_n contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o heart_n 172_o vein_n go_v to_o the_o papilla_fw-la of_o the_o gazella_n without_o send_v forth_o any_o branch_n but_o disapear_v at_o once_o 59_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la have_v two_o trunk_n in_o the_o tortoise_n 259_o gastrica_fw-la branch_n over_o the_o stomach_n 62_o vena_fw-la lactea_fw-la and_o receptaculum_fw-la chyli_n very_o white_a and_o visible_a in_o the_o hedgehog_n 153_o ventricle_n of_o ape_n differ_v from_o man_n in_o the_o pylorus_n 160_o four_o in_o the_o barbary-cow_n 128_o in_o the_o bear_n very_o small_a 45_o in_o the_o castor_n like_o a_o dog_n 88_o four_o in_o the_o cassowar_n 194_o in_o the_o cormorant_n glandulous_a within_o 136_o three_o in_o the_o chamois_n 143_o four_o in_o the_o dromedary_n 39_o four_o in_o the_o elk_n like_o a_o ox._n 111_o two_o in_o the_o gazella_n 57_o four_o in_o the_o hind_n 171_o of_o the_o lynx_n like_o a_o cat_n 78_o two_o in_o the_o parrot_n 201_o divide_v into_o 3_o in_o the_o porcupine_n 149_o but_o two_o visible_a in_o the_o stag._n 169_o in_o the_o sea-calf_n like_o a_o intestine_a 123_o longish_n in_o the_o sea-fox_n 70_o and_o liver_n and_o bladder_n very_o large_a in_o the_o tortoise_n 255_o three_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tortoise_n open_a into_o one_o another_o 259_o voracious_a animal_n have_v small_a intestine_n 186_o vpper-lip_n of_o the_o chamois_v cleave_v as_o in_o hare_n 142_o of_o the_o elk_n very_o large_a 109_o upper_a eyelid_n of_o the_o tortoise_n want_v 254_o vitreous_a humour_n of_o the_o indian_a cock_n hard_a 194_o uterus_fw-la of_o the_o gazella_n have_v several_a papillae_fw-la on_o the_o inside_n 59_o of_o the_o lynx_n like_o a_o bitch_n 79_o of_o the_o monkey_n different_a from_o woman_n 161_o uvea_o cover_v by_o a_o thin_a transparent_a membrane_n 188_o uuula_fw-la only_o in_o ape_n or_o men._n 162_o w_n wing_n of_o the_o bustard_n short_a in_o comparison_n of_o its_o bulk_n 197_o and_o back_o dark_a part_n of_o the_o bird._n 198_o of_o bird_n reckon_v a_o wonder_n of_o nature_n by_o job._n 218_o describe_v 2â—…0_n finis_fw-la 28._o octobris_fw-la 1687._o imprimatur_fw-la libre_fw-la iste_fw-la cui_fw-la titulus_fw-la the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n john_n hoskyns_n v._o p._n r._n s._n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o account_n of_o several_a observation_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o divers_a member_n of_o the_o royal_a academy_n of_o science_n at_o paris_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o french_a by_o richard_n waller_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n london_n print_v by_o r._n roberts_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o t._n basset_n at_o the_o george_n near_o temple-bar_n i._o robinson_n at_o the_o golden_a lion_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n b._n aylmer_n at_o the_o three_o pigeon_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n i._o southby_n at_o the_o harrow_n in_o cornhill_n and_o w._n canning_n in_o the_o temple_n mdclxxxviii_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n article_n i._n the_o attempt_n to_o determine_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o new_a many_o ancient_a author_n have_v make_v themselves_o famous_a by_o this_o enquiry_n but_o the_o most_o memorable_a attempt_n for_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o the_o arabian_n thus_o record_v by_o their_o geographer_n a_o great_a face_n circle_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o part_n as_o we_o also_o suppose_v those_o in_o the_o heaven_n ptolemy_n author_n of_o the_o almage_a and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v observe_v what_o space_n upon_o the_o earth_n contain_v one_o of_o these_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o have_v find_v it_o to_o contain_v 66â…”_n miles_n those_o which_o succeed_v they_o willing_a to_o satisfy_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n meet_v by_o the_o order_n of_o almamon_n in_o the_o plain_n of_o sanjar_n and_o have_v take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n they_o divide_v into_o two_o troop_n the_o one_o march_v as_o direct_o as_o be_v possible_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n till_o the_o one_o find_v the_o pole_n one_o degree_n more_o and_o the_o other_o one_o degree_n less_o elevate_v then_o meet_v again_o at_o their_o first_o station_n to_o compare_v their_o observation_n they_o find_v the_o one_o have_v compute_v 56â…”_n miles_n but_o the_o other_o just_a 56._o but_o they_o agree_v to_o account_v 56â…”_n for_o one_o degree_n so_o that_o between_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o of_o these_o modern_n there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o 10_o mile_n now_o ptolemy_n have_v establish_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o degree_n 500_o stadia_fw-la for_o which_o the_o arab_n account_n 66â…”_n miles_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o arabian_a mile_n be_v equal_a to_o 7½_n stadia_fw-la but_o we_o be_v to_o seek_v what_o stadium_n ptolemy_n mean_v for_o if_o it_o be_v the_o greek_a eight_o of_o which_o make_v one_o ancient_a italian_a mile_n the_o proportion_n of_o the_o arabic_a mile_n so_o the_o italian_a will_v be_v as_o 15_o to_o 16_o and_o consequent_o the_o 56â…”_n miles_n find_v in_o a_o degree_n by_o the_o arab_n will_v make_v but_o 53_o â—…_n old_a italian_a miles_n but_o if_o more_o favourable_o to_o the_o arab_n we_o suppose_v which_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o the_o 500_o stadia_fw-la of_o ptolemy_n be_v the_o alexandrian_a big_a than_o the_o grecian_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n common_o receive_v of_o 144_o to_o 125_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o degree_n measure_v by_o the_o arab_n be_v 61½_n italian_n miles_n which_o make_v 47188_o toyse_n of_o paris_n suppose_v that_o the_o old_a roman_a foot_n the_o same_o which_o father_n ricciolus_n after_o vilalpandus_n will_v have_v establish_v it_o be_v to_o that_o of_o paris_n as_o 667_o to_o 720._o though_o the_o roman_a foot_n of_o which_o the_o module_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o capitol_n be_v to_o the_o same_o parisian_a foot_n but_o as_o 653_o to_o 720._o or_o thereabouts_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o ancient_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o diminish_n for_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v aristotle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n according_a to_o his_o report_n a_o degree_n be_v about_o 1111_o stadia_fw-la whereas_o eratosthenes_n count_v but_o 700._o possidonius_fw-la 666_o and_o in_o fine_a ptolemy_n 500_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o arab_n follow_v the_o same_o example_n make_v a_o degree_n less_o than_o all_o that_o precede_v they_o but_o without_o enter_v upon_o the_o determination_n whether_o these_o opinion_n be_v so_o different_a as_o they_o appear_v