Arteir and where as is a little Ueine there is a little Arteir For whersoeuer there goeth a veine to geue nutriment there goeth an Arteir to bring the spirite of lyfe Wherfore it is to be noted that the Arteires lye more deeper in the flesh then the Ueines doo for they cary and kepe in them more precious blood then doth the Ueine and therefore he hath neede to be further from daungers outwardly and therefore God and nature haue ordeyned for him to be closed in two cotes where the Ueine hath but one c. The Brest or Thorax is the Arke or Chest of the spiritual members of man as sayth the Philosopher where it is to be noted that there be soure thinges conteyning and eyght conteyned as thus The foure conteyning are the Skinne Musculus fleshe the Pappes and the Bones The partes conteyned are the Hart the Lunges Panikles Ligamentes Nerues Ueines Arteirs Mire or Isofagus Nowe the skinne and the fleshe are knowen in their Anatomie It is to be noted that the fleshe of the Pappes differeth from the other fleshe of the body for it is white glandulus spongeous and there is in thē both Nerues Ueines and Arteirs and by them they haue Coliganes with the hart the lyuer the brayne and the generatiue members Also there is in the brest as old Authors make mention lxxx or xc Muskles for some of them be common to the necke some to the shoulders and to the spades some to Diafragma or the Mydriffe some to the Ribbes some to the Backe some to the brest it selfe But I fynde certayne profitablenes in the creation of the Paps aswel in man as in woman for in man it defendeth the spirituals from annoyannce outwardly and another by their thicknes they comfort the natural heate in defience of the spirites And in women there is the generation of milke for in women there commeth from the Matrix into their Brestes manye Ueines which bring into them menstrual blood the whiche is turned through the digestiue vertue from red colour into white like the colour of the Pappes euen as Chylley comming from the stomocke to the Lyuer is turned into the colour of the Lyuer Nowe to speake of the bones of the Brest They be sayde to be triple or threefolde and they be numbred to be seuen in the Brest before and their length is according to the breadth of the brest and their extremities or endes be grystlie as the ribbes be And in the vpper ende of Thorax is an hole or a concauitie in which is set the foote of the Furklebone or Canel bone and in the nether ende of Thorax agaynst the mouth of the stomache hangeth a gristle called Ensiforme and this grystle was ordeyned for two causes One is that it shuld defende the stomacke from hurte outwardly The seconde is that in time of fulnes it should geue place to the stomacke in time of neede when it desireth c. Now to speake of the parts of the backe behindefoorth There be xij Spondels through whom passeth Mynuca of whō springeth xij payre of Nerues brnging both feeling and mouing to the Muscles of the Brest aforesayde And here it is to be noted that in euery syde there be xij Rybbes that is to say vij true and. v. false because these v. be not so long as the other vij be and therefore be called false Rybbes as it may be perceiued by the sighte of the Eye Likewise of the partes that be inwardly and fyrst of the Hart because he is the principal of al other members and the beginning of life he is set in the middest of the brest seuerally by him selfe as Lord and King of al members And as a Lorde or King ought to be serued of his subiectes that haue their liuing of him So are al other members of the body subiectes to the Hart for they receyue their liuing of him and they doo seruice many wayes vnto him agayne The substaunce of the Hart is as it were Lazartus fleshe but it is spermatike and an official member and the beginning of life and he geueth to euery member of the body both blood of life and spirite of breath and heate for if the Hart were of Lazartus fleshe his mouing and steering should be voluntarie and not natural but the contrarie is true for it were impossible that the Hart should be ruled by Wyl onely and not by nature The Harte hath the shape and forme of a Pyneapple and the brode ende thereof is vpwardes and the sharpe ende is downewardes depending a little towardes the left side And here it is to be noted that the Hart hath blood in his substaunce whereas al other mēbers haue it but in their Ueines Arteirs also the hart is bounde with certayne Ligamentes to the backepart of the brest but these Lygamentes touche not the substaunce of the Hart but in the ouerpart they spring foorth of him and is fastened as is aforesayde Furthermore the Hart hath two Uentrikles or concauities and the left is hyer then the right and the cause of this holownesse is this for to keepe the bloud for his nourishing and the ayre to abate and temper the great heate that he is in the which is kept in his concauities Nowe here it is to be noted that to the right Uentrikle of the harte commeth a veyne from the great veyne called Venakelis that receyueth al the substaunce of the blood from the Lyuer And this veine that commeth frō venakelis entreth into the hart at the right Uentrikle as I sayde before and in him is brought a great portion of the thickest blood to nourishe the Hart with the residue that is left of this is made subtil through the vertue of the hart and then this blood is sent into a concauitie or pytte in the myddest of the Harte betweene the two Uentrikles and therein it is made hote and pured and then it passeth into the left Uentrikle and there is ingendred in it a spirit that is clearer brighter and subtiller then any corporal or bodely thing that is ingendred of the foure Elementes For it is a thing that is a meane betweene the body and the soule Wherfore it is likened of the Philosophers to be more liker heauēly thinges then earthly thinges Also it is to be noted that from the left Uentrikle of the Hart springeth two Arteirs The one hauing but one cote and therefore it is called Arterea venalis and this Arteir carieth blood frō the Hart to the Lungs the which blood is vaporous that is tried and left of the Harte and is brought by this Artery to the Lunges to geue hym nutriment and there he receyueth of the Lunges ayre and bringeth it to the hart to refreshe him with Wherefore Galen sayth that he fyndeth that mans harte is natural and frendly to the Lungs for he geueth him of his owne nutrimental to nourishe him with and the Lunges rewarde him with ayre to refreshe him with
agayne c. The other Arterye that hath two cotes is called vena Arterialis or the great Artery that ascendeth and dissendeth and of him springeth al the other Arteirs that spreade to euery member of the body for by him is vnified and quickneth al the members of the body For the spirite that is reteyned in them is the instrument or treasure of al the vertue of the soule And thus it passeth vntil it come to the Brayne there he is turned into a further digestion and there he taketh another spirite and so is made animal and at the Lyuer nutrimental and at the Testikles generatiue and thus it is made a spirite of euery kinde so that he beeing meane of all maner of operations and workinges taketh effect Two causes I fynde why these Arteirs haue two cotes One is that one cote is not sufficient nor able to with stande the violent mouing and steering of the spirite of lyfe that is caryed in thē The seconde cause is that the thing that is caried about from place to place is of so precious a treasure that it had the more neede of good keeping And of some Doctors this Arteir is called the Pulsatiue veyne or the beating veyne for by him is perceyued the power might of the Hart. c. Wherfore God and Nature haue ordeyned that the Arteirs should haue two cotes Also there is in the Harte three Pelikels opening and closing the gooing in of the Harte blood and spirite in conuenient time Also the Hart hath two little Eares by whome commeth in and passeth out the ayre that is prepared for the Lunges Also there is founde in the Hart a Cartilaginus auditament to helpe and strength the selfe Harte Also the Harte is couered with a strong Pannikle which is called of some Capsula cordes or Pericordium the which is a strong case vnto whome commeth Nerues as to other inwarde members And this Panicle Pericordiū springeth of the vpper Pannicle of the Midriffe And of him springeth another Panikle called Mediastinum the which departeth the Brest in the middest and kéepeth that the Lunges fal not ouer the Hart. Also there is an other Pannikle that couereth the Ribbes inwardly that is called Plura of whom the Midriffe taketh his beginning And it is sayde of many Doctors that Duramater is the originall of all the Pannicles within the body and thus one taketh of another c. ¶ The Anatomie of the Lunges THE Lunges is a member spermatike of his fyrst creation and his natural complexion is colde and dry and in his accidental complexion he is colde and moyste lapped in a Nerueous Pannikle bicause it should gather togeather the softer substaunce of the Lunges and that the Lunges might féele by the meanes of the Pannicle that whiche he mighte not feele in him selfe Nowe to proue the Lunges to be colde and drye of kinde it appeareth by hys swift steering for he lyeth euer wauing ouer the hart and about the harte And that he is colde and moyst in rewarde it appeareth wel that he receyueth of the brayne many cold matters as Cataries and Rumes whose substance is thinne Also I fynde in the Lunges three kinds of substaunce One is a Ueyne comming from the Liuer bringing with him the Crude or rawe parte of the Chylle to féede the Lunges Another is Arterea venalis comming from the hart bringing with him the spirite of lyfe to nourishe him with The third is Trachia arteria that bringeth in ayre to the Lunges and it passeth through al the left part of them to doo his office The Lunges is deuided into fiue Lobbes or Pellikels or fiue portions that is to say three in the right side and two in the left side And it was done for this cause that if there fel any hurt in the one part the others shoulde serue and doo their office And three causes I finde why the Lunges were principally ordeyned First that they should drawe colde winde and refreshe the hart The seconde that they shoulde chaunge and alter and purifie the ayre before it come to the hart least the hart were hurte and noyed with the quantitie of the ayre The thirde cause is that they shoulde receyue from the harte the fumous superfluities that he putteth foorth with hys breathing c. Behinde the Lunges towarde the Spondels passeth Mire or Isofagus of whom it is spoken of in the Anatomie of the necke And also there passeth both Ueynes and Arteirs and al these with Trachia arteria doo make a Stoke replete vnto the Gullet with Pannikles and strong Lygaments and Glandulus fleshe to fulfil the voyde places And last of al is the Midriffe and it is an official member made of two Pannikles and Lazartus flesh and his place is in the middest of the body ouerth wart or in bredth vnder the region of the spirituall members departing them from the matrix And thrée causes I finde why the Midriffe was ordeyned First that it should diuide the spirituals from the nutrates The seconde that it should kéepe the vital colour or heate to dissende downe to the nutrates The last is that the malicious fumes reared vp from the nutrates should not noye the spirituals or vytals c. The wombe is the region or the citie of al the Intrils the whiche reacheth from the Midriffe downe vnto the share inwardly and outwardly from the Reynes or Kydnes downe to the bone Pecten about the priuie partes And thys wombe is compounde and made of two thinges that is to say of Syfac Myrac Syfac is a Paunicle and a member spermatike official sensible senowy compoūd of subtil Wyl and in complexion colde and drye hauing his beginning at the inner Pannicle of the Midriffe And it was ordeyned because it shoulde conteyne and bind together al the Intrals and that he defende the Musculus so that he oppresse not the natural members And that he is strong and tough it is because he should not be lightly broken and that those thinges that are conteyned goo not foorth as it happeneth to them that are broken c. Myrac is cōpound and made of foure things that is of skin outwardly of fatnes of a carnous pannicle and of Musculus fleshe And that it is to be vnderstanded that all the whole from Sifac outwarde is called Myrac it appeareth wel by the wordes of Galen where he commaundeth that in al woundes of the wombe to fewe the Sifac with the Myrac and by that it proueth that there is nothing without the Sifac but Myrac And in this Myrac or vtter parte of the wombe there is noted eyght Muscles two Longitudinals proceeding from the sheelde of the Stomacke vnto Os Pecten two Latitudinales comming from the backe wardes to the wombe and foure Tranuerse of the which two of them spring from the Ribbes on the right side and go to the left side to the bones of the Haunches or of Pecten and the other two spring from the Ribbes on the
and insensible and byndeth the bones together The cause why he is flexible and insencible is this If it had bene sensible he mighte not haue suffred the labour and mouing of the ioynts and if it had not ben flexible of his bowing one lymme should not haue moued without another The seconde profite is that he be ioyned with sinews for to make Cordes Brawnes The thirde helpe is that he be a resting place to some sinewes The fourth profite is that by him the members that be within the body be sustayned as the matrix and kidneys and diuers other c. The Sinew is a consimiler member simple and spermatike meane betweene harde and softe and in complexion colde and drye and he is both flexible and sensible strong and tough hauing his bes ginning from the braine or frō Mynuca whiche is the marow of the backe And from the brayne commeth vij payre of Nerues sensatiues and from Mynuca commeth xxx payre of Nerues motius and one that is by him selfe that springeth of the last spondel All these senews haue both féeling and mouing in some more and in some lesse c. A Corde or Tendon is a consimple or official member compounde and spermatike synowy strong and tough meanly betweene hardenes and softnes and meanely sensible and flexible and in cōplexion colde and dry And the Corde or Tendon is thus made The synewes that come from the brayne from Mynuca and go to moue the members is intermingled with the Lygamentes and when the Synewes and Lygamentes are intermingled together then is made a Corde And three causes I perceyue why the Cordes were made The fyrst is that the Synewe alone is so sensible that he may not suffer the great labour and trauel of mouing without the felowship and strength of the Lygament that is insencible and that letteth his great féeling and bringeth him to a perfect temperaunce and so the Cordes moue the limmes to the wil of the soule And this Corde is associated with a simple flesh and so therof is made a brawne or a muskel on whom he might rest after his trauel And this Brawne is called a Muskle Then when this Corde is entred into this brawne he is departed into many smal threeds the whiche be called wylle And this wyl hath three properties The fyrst is in length by whose vertue that draweth it hath might The soconde in breadth by whome the vertue that casteth out hath might The third in thwartnes in whom the vertue that holdeth hath might and at the ende of the Brawne those threedes be gathered together to make another muskel c Nowe I wyl begynne at the Artere This Artere is a member consimyle simple and spermatike hollowe and synowy hauing his springing from the hart bringing from the harte to euery member blood and spirite of lyfe It is of complexion colde and drye And al these Arteres haue two cotes except one that goth to the Lunges and he hath but one cote that spreadeth abrode in the Lungs and bringeth with him to the Lunges blood with the spirite of lyfe to nourishe the Lungs withal and also that Artere bringeth with him from the lunges ayre to temper the fumous heate that is in the harte And this Artere is he that is called Arteria venalis because he hath but one cote as a vayne and is more obedient to be delated abrode through al the lunges because that the blood might the sooner sweate through him wheras al other Arters haue two cotes because one cote may not withstande the might and power of the spirit of life Diuers other causes there be which shal be declared in the Anathomie of the brest c. The Ueyne is a symple member in complexion colde and drye and spermatike like to the Artere hauing his beginning from the Lyuer and bringing from the Lyuer nutritiue blood to nourishe euery member of the body with And it is so to be vnderstanded that there is no more difference betweene these two vessels of blood but that the Artere is a vessel of blood spiritual or vytal And the Ueyne is a vessel of blood nutrimental of the which Ueynes there is noted two most principal of the which one is called vena porta the other is called venacelis of whom it is too much to treate of now vntyll we come to the anathomie of the wombe c. The flesh is a consimiler member sim ple not spermatike and is ingendred of blood congeled by heate and is in complexion hote and moyst Of the which is noted three kindes of fleshes that is to say one is soft pure fleshe the seconde is muskulus or hard brawny flesh the thirde is glandulus knotty or kurnelly fleshe Also the commodities of the fleshe be indifferent for some be common to euery kinde of fleshe and some be proper to one maner of fleshe alone The profytes of the fleshe be many for some defende the bodye from colde as dothe clothes also it defendeth the body from harde thinges comming agaynst it also through his moysture he rectifieth the body in sommer in time of great heate Wherefore it is to be considered what profitablenes is in euery kinde of fleshe by him selfe And fyrst of simple and pure fleshe whiche fulfylleth the concauities of voyde places and causeth good forme and shape and this fleshe is founde betweene the teeth and on the ende of the yarde The profite of the Brawny fleshe or muskulus fleshe shal be spoken of in the Anathomie of the armes The profites of the Glandulus fleshe are these First that it turneth the blood into a cullour like to him selfe as doth the fleshe of a womans paps turne the menstrual blood into mylke secondly the Glandulus fleshe of the Testikles turneth the blood into sparme thirdly the Glandulus flesh of the cheekes that ingendreth the spittle c. The next is of Fatnes of the whiche I finde thrée kindes The firste is Pinguedo and it is a consimilar member not spermatike and it is made of a subtyl portion of blood congeled by colde and it is of complexion colde and moyst insencible and is intermedled amongest the partes of the fleshe The seconde is Adeppes and is of the same kinde as is Pinguedo but it is departed from the fleshe besydes the skinne and it is as an oyle heating and moysting the skinne The thirde is Auxingia and it is of kinde as the others be but he is departed from the fleshe withinforth about the kidneys and in the intrayles and it helpeth both the kidneys and the intrayles from drying by his vnctiositie c. Then come we to the Skinne The Skinne is a consimile member or officiall partely spermatike strong and tough flexible and sencible thinne and temperate Wherof there be two kindes One is the Skinne that couereth the outwarde members and the other the inner members whiche is called a Pannicle the profitablenesse of whome was spoken of in the laste
temper the heat Furthermore the necke that is betweene these two foresayde mouthes in her concauitie hath many inuolutions and pleates ioyned together in the maner of Rose leaues before they be fully spread or ripe and so they be shut togeather as a Purse mouth so that nothing may passe foorth but vrin vntil the time of chylding Also about the middle of this necke be certain veynes in Maydens the which in tyme of deflouring be corrupt broken Furthermore in the sides of the vtter mouth of the mouth are two testicles or stones and also two vessels of sparme shorter then mans vessels and in time of coyt the womans sperme is shed downè into the bottome of the Matrix Also from the Lyuer there commeth to the Matrix many veynes bringing to the childe nourishing at the time of a womans beeing with childe and those veynes at suche time as the Matrix is voyde bring therto superfluities from certayne members of the body whereof are ingendred womens flowres c. And forasmuche as it hath pleased almightie God to geue the knowledge of these his mysteries and workes vnto his Creatures in this present worlde Here I purpose to declare what thing Embreon is and his creation The noble Philosophers as Galen Auicen Bartholomeus and diuers other writing vpon this matter say That Embreon is a thing ingendred in the mothers wombe the original wherof is the sparme of the man and the woman of the which is made by the might and power of God in the mothers wombe a chylde as hereafter more at large shal be declared First the feelde of generation called the Matrix or the mother is knowen in the anatomie whose place is properly betwixt the Bladder and Longaon in the womā in which place is sowen by the tillage of man a couenable matter of kindly heate for kindly heate is cause efficeens bothe of dooing and working and spirite that geueth vertue to the body and gouerneth and ruleth that vertue the which séede of generation commeth from al the partes of the body both of the man and the woman with consent wyl of al members and is shed into the place of conceyuing where through the vertue of Nature it is gathered together in the selles of the matrix or the mother in whom by the way of the working of mans seede and by the way of suffering of the womans seede mixte together so that eche of them worketh in other and suffereth in other there is ingendred Embreon And further it is to be noted that this sparme that commeth both of man and woman is made gathered of the most best and purest drops of blood in all the body and by the labour and chafing of the testikles or stones this blood is turned into another kinde and is made sparme And in man it is hotte white thicke wherfore it may not spread nor runne abroade of it selfe but runneth and taketh temperaunce of the womans sparme which hath contrarie qualities for the womans sparme is thinner colder and féebler And as some Authors holde opinion when this matter is gathered into the right side of the matrix then it happeneth a male kinde and likewise on the lefte the female and where the vertue is most there it sauoureth most And further it is to be noted that lyke as the Renet of the Chéese hath by him selfe the way or vertue of working so hath the mylke by waye of suffering and as the Renet and mylke make the chéese so doth the sparme of man and woman make the generation of Embreon of the which thing springeth by the vertue of kindly heate a certayne skinne or caule into the which it lappeth it selfe in where with afterwardes it is tyed to the mothers wombe the whiche couering commeth foorth with the byrth of the childe and if it happen that any of the skinne remaine after the byrth of the childe then is the woman in peril of her lyfe Furthermore it is sayde that of this Embreon is ingendred the Hart the Lyuer the Brayne Nerues veynes Arteirs Cordes Lygamentes Skinnes Gristles Bones receyuing to them by kindly vertue the menstrual blood of whiche is ingendred both fleshe and fatnes And as wryters say the fyrst thing that is shapen be the principals as is the Harte Lyuer and Brayne For of the Hart springeth the Arteirs of the Lyuer the Ueynes and of the Brayne the Nerues and when these are made Nature maketh shapeth Bones and grystles to kéepe saue them as the bones of the head for the Brayne the Brest bones and the Ribbes for the Harte and the Lyuer And after these springeth al other member one after another And thus is the childe bred foorth in four degrees as thus The first is when the sayde sparme or seede is at the fyrst as it were mylke The seconde is when it is turned from that kinde into another kinde is yet but as a lumpe of blood and this is called of Ypocras Fettus The thirde degrée is when the principals be shapen as the Hart lyuer and Brayne The fourth and laste as when al the other members be perfectly shapen then it receyueth the soule wyth life and breath and then it beginneth to moue it selfe alone Nowe in these foure degrees aforesayde in the fyrst as milke it continueth vij dayes in the seconde as Fettus ix dayes in the thirde as a lumpe of fleshe ingendring the principals the space of ix days and the fourth vnto the tyme of ful perfection of al the whole members is the space of xviij dayes So is there xlvj dayes from the day of conception vnto the day of ful perfection and receyuing of the soule as God best knoweth Now to come agayne to the Anatomie of the Hanches Then come we to Longaon otherwise called The tayle gutte whose substance is panniculer as of al the other bowels the length of it is of a spanne long stretching nigh to the Raynes his nether parte is called Annis that is to say The towel And about him is found two Muscles the one to open the other to shutte Also there is founde in him fiue veynes or braunches of veynes called vena emoraidales and they haue coliganes with the bladder wherefore they are partners in their greeues And when this Longaon is raysed vp then ye may sée the veynes and arteirs and senowes howe they be braunched and bounde downe to the nether partes The partes procéeding outwardly are Didimus Peritoneum the Yarde the Testikles and the Buttockes And fyrst it shal be spoken of the yarde or of mans generatiue members the whiche dureth vnto that parte that is called Peritoneum the which place is from the Coddes vnto the Fundament wherevpon is a seame Wherfore sayth the Philosopher Mans yard is in the ende and terme of the share The yarde is an official member and the tyller of mans generation compounde and made of skinne brawnes Tendons veynes arteirs senewes and great Lygaments and it hath in it food