Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	blood_n	great_a	lung_n	2,098	5	11.1885	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03315	The noble experyence of the vertuous handy warke of surgeri, practysyd [and] compyled by the moost experte mayster Iherome of Bruynswyke, borne in Straesborowe in Almayne ... Item there after he hath authorysed and done it to vnderstande thrugh the trewe sentences of the olde doctours and maysters very experte in the scyence of surgery, as Galienus, Ipocras, Auicenna, Gwydo, Haly abbas, Lancfrancus of mylen, Iamericus, Rogerius, Albucasis, Place[n]tinus, Brunus, Gwilhelmus de saliceto, [and] by many other maysters whose names be wryten in this same boke. ... Item yf ye fynde ony names of herbes or of other thynges wherof ye haue no knowlege, yt shall ye knowe playnly by the potecarys. Item here shall you fynde also for to make salues, plasters, powders, oyles, and drynkes for woundes. Item who so desyreth of this science ye playne knowlege let hym oftentymes rede this boke, and than he shall gette perfyte vnderstandynge of the noble surgery; Buch der cirurgia. English	Brunschwig, Hieronymus, ca. 1450-ca. 1512.	1525 (1525)	STC 13434; ESTC S119422	165,988	151

to moche than it is nedeful to stoppe it y t the pacyent leese not his myght Â¶ As that bloode is stopt and the other syde is let blood on the vayne and the wounde is glystert with wyne than haâ—â—e you with the tentes and plastets that the bloode may melt and consume and taâ—â€¦ge away the payne as is these heraâ—â€¦ Â¶ A salue Â¶ Take Farina ordei xij ounces Farinâ—â€¦â—enigreci viij ounces Florum â—an ounâ—â€¦ Abâ—inthei Calamenti and rubbâ— dâ—â—anne of eche iiij ounces This is the best experyment drawynge out the blood of the grouÌ„de of the body Â¶ As any â—lede inwaâ—de through the wounde than take of the vnder crust of a lofe as hoote as it comith out of an ouen and lay the crom of the breed vpon the wounde as hoote as he may â—uffer it Â¶ And y e pacyent shall be layd vpon y e syde on y e wouÌ„de this do as often as he may suffer it tyll ther in is no more bloode and thaÌ„ shal be gyue hym medsyns to â—ele hym Â¶ A medsyne Â¶ Take bolus armenus terra sigillata with water therin is soden roses sumach ballaustie granorum myrtillorum masticis sytrinorum or ye shall gyue hym medsyns consolidatyues as terra sigillata bolus arminus of eche ii ouÌ„ces Mumie iij. ounces Sumach SytrinoruÌ„ SorboruÌ„ â—oÌ„solida maâ—oris et medie of eche an handfull sethe this in rayne water or in water therin yron is quensyd in Â¶ Gothe the wouÌ„de through to the inwarde membres and they is woundyd than maye ye yuge the wounde dedly neuertheles doth the best for the nature is somtyme stronger than ye wene Therfore shall ye take hede where y e wounde goothe in or touchyd And is the wouÌ„de in the hert than receyuyth the wouÌ„de of y e hert no helynge bycause ther is som vaynes by the hert as they is wouÌ„dyd thaÌ„ comyth the haestely dethe and that bloode dystroyed y e naturall hette Or is y e wouÌ„de in y e loÌ„gues it may not be well heelyd but w t great suttylte of an experient surgyan and the wounde comyth comenly to corrupcyon and rottynge for the matter may not be clensyd than with cowhynge for the cowhynge maketh the wouÌ„de wyder also it is nede that the wounded membres be in rest for the longues is altymes meurnge the longue hath also a sharp suttyll bloode that not alone dystroyeth the yll flesshe but corodyth and consumyth the good flesshe As Galienns sayd Â¶ The medsyns that sholde hele the longues that can not come to the longues than through the longe way of the mawe and the lyuer and ther leesyth the helynge his myght therfore y e longues may not well be helyd therfore the pacyent gettyth Empetiâ—i that is that he matter spatyd therafter is he Ptisicê and dyed Â¶ As Diafragma is woundyd he may not be well curyd bycause it is altyme meuynge it is in the seruyse of the hert geuyÌ„ng wynde therfore is her workynge needly to the breeth than is that also hurte As y e partyes within be woundyd ther the senewes muscles flesshe tokyth hyr begynnyng of y e which wouÌ„dige takyth y e herte lyghtly great harme If y e wouÌ„de goth to y e inward meÌ„bres and is y e aforsayde tokeÌ„s in the longues not great and is the wouÌ„de outwart small than must ye make y e wouÌ„de a lytell greter that ye may do therin the medsyns drynes and syccatyffes made of this alterfolowynge powder Â¶ A syccatyffe powder Take Dragantum Mastike OlybanuÌ„ GuÌ„mi arabici Fenigreci of eche lyke moche And his meet shall be of BraÌ„ne water midled with penidium And comaunde the pacyent to be styll and to reste without meuynge If the wounde is in Dyafragma and the accydentes lytell than ordre hym suche meet drynke that dryueth away y e cowhe Also put in the wouÌ„de a small tente depped in oyle of roses and medled with y e yolk of egges lyke y e cure of other wouÌ„ds Â¶ If the wouÌ„de is inward ther y e synewes hath his begynnynge than it is good to gyue y e pacyeÌ„t to lyck or to sucke cleuyng medsyns as Dyaspermata that is moost vsyd to coÌ„fortynge of y e brest or Dyacodion or Dyasymphicon And that yeshall laye about on y e wounde it shal be Embrationes with wyne or with dryenge plasters and with oyle in the somer with oyle of roses And in the wyntter with oleum NardinuÌ„ and plasters made of Calcantum as it stoÌ„de in primo cathagenorum named â—â—yapalma Â¶ If the longues or yf the inward membres is not helyd in iiij dayes soâ—â€¦ it not well to be holpen Neuertheles helpe hym with a good rule and let the pacyente lay on the wounde and bynde the wouÌ„de ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ the blode and the matter altymes maye come out And yf the pacyeÌ„t may not suffre to lay all tymes on the wounde than maye ye torne hym on the other syde but moost parte on the wounde Â¶ Item the comune medsyns or drynes to all innermoost membres shal be taken the medsyns they moost makyth softnes swetnes and that takyth away that is moost coÌ„trary to the wounde as herafter standyd Take Erugo eris Pomphiligos Lytargirum Cerusa Al is that these aforesayde medsyn makyth fast and hole the membres without Neuertheles they openyd the innermoost membres Â¶ A plaster Take strayned Rose hony xxiiiâ— ouÌ„ces Myrre FrankeÌ„sence Sarcocolle of eche an ouÌ„ce faryna Fenigreci farina Ordei of eche a lyke moche that it be Inowghe to make as thycke as hony and do therto aly teil turpentyn that is very good Â¶ After y e couÌ„seyile of Guydo gyue hym to drynke DeÌ„ torye Castorie Nepida Eariophyiata Pipineile Piloselle the toppes of Nemp Reedcowles AthaÌ„sis or TanacetuÌ„ Lycorys of eche v. dragma and sethe this w t hony wyne gyue hym herof to drynke a goblet full at euery mornynge And can ye not perceyue the thorough goynge of the wounde with teÌ„tes depped in oyle of roses nor with no other thynges nor the pacyent may not suffer we sihynge nor out pullyng of the matter and the pacyeÌ„t hath heuynes and vpblowynge in the syde and other tokens that is a knowlege that y e matter is gadered vp Dyafragma Is than the pacyent stronge and well conteÌ„t than couÌ„say led Wilhelmus that ye make a newe wouÌ„ de with a zesour in the neder parte of the sy de of the pacyeÌ„t agaynst the backe bone bytwene the. iii. and. v. rybbe or bytwene y e iii. and. iiii rybbes for the Dyafragma is bowen with the rybbes and with the back bone to the. iii. and. iiii rybbe and the bowynge myght leue the out comynge of the matter than wolde the Snrgean thyncke he hadnot cut deep Inough therfore it is the better to cutte bytwene the. iiii and. v. rybbes And as y e cuttynge is done thanÌ„e lay therin a tente depped in warme oyle of roses vnto the grounde tyll the matter com me and in

deuyded in twayne other braunches where of the one brauÌ„che is deuyded through the arme on the vtter syde in dyuers placys is named funis brachii whiche is the rope of the arme The other brauÌ„che comyth vp through the vpper parte of the arme and is openyd shewed through y e bendynge of y e elbowe is namyd Cephalica or the chef vayne From thens it comyth for the on the hande betwene y e thombe the fore fynger and is namyd cephalica ocularis Â¶ The other vaynes frome the oxcellis that come to the vnder parte of the arme shewe them selfe in y e bought of y e arme and is namyd basilica which is the vayne of the lyuer from thens it descendyth downe betwene y e golde fynger and the lytell fynger and is namyd saluatella whan the ii fornamyd vaynys be in the bought of the arme than is there another vayne sene betwene them bothe and is namyd mediana corporalis and thus there be in the arme v. great vaynes and so many strynges the whiche be very ieopardus to staunche yf they were woundyd or cut Â¶ Of Nucha through y e spondiles of the neck descendynge to euery arme iiii pryncypall senowes that meue and stere the aduitory or lytell arme and out of it coÌ„meth v. senowes into the hand that meue the fyngers and they shewe theÌ„ selfe openly on the thre fyngers towardes the ioyntys whiche is daungerous to be wouÌ„ded Â¶ In y e armes be great stryngys stryngys the come from the bonys goyng through y e ioyntys and kepe them ioyned the which were very ieopardus to be cut Â¶ The bone namyd vlna or adiutoriuÌ„ is a great bone full of mary rouÌ„de at bothe endys but aboue it hath but one rouÌ„dnes and beneth it hath ii the vppermost goth into the holowe of y e gaÌ„bone maketh the ioynt of the sholders and the nether ende whiche hath ii rouÌ„dnes is deuyded in ii and goth into y e holownes of the. ii bonys that be namyd focilium and they make the ioyntys of the elbowes where as the lytell arme begynÌ„eth in whiche lytell arme be ii focill bonys that be namyd ossa focilia and the grettest is benethe and that goth towarde y e lytell fynger shewe a rownde knot outwarde the small focille bone goth aboue from the bought of the arme to the hande toward the thombe and in bothe y e vpper parte of these ii bonys be pyttes or holys by y e elbowe receyue the roundnes namyd graduales of the bone callyd aduitorii by the handys they haue pyttys also whiche receyue the roundne of y e ioyntys of the hande and be festenyd iust vnto the bonys of y e hande makynge y e ioyntys the which ioyntys be iii. hepys of bonys and y e vppermost be gadered with a round nes in the pyttes of the nethermost In the fyrst hepe be iii. bonys for the addycion of focilles kepeth aboue the place of a bone In the seconde hepe be iiii bonys there aboue is a lytell boxe wherin is festenyd y e fyrst bone of the thombe The bonys of the ii fornamyd hepys be short The fyrst hepe is namyd rafeta or corpê The other hepe is named Pectenor Metacorpus In the iii. hepe be iiii bonys longer than the fyrst Â¶ In euery fynger be iii. bonys and the fyngers be in nombre v. therefore there be xv bonys in the fyngers And in the ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ xi ii in the lytell arme i. in the vpper ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ And thus ther be in the hole arme and haÌ„de xxix bonys and these must be cut for to becurydall longe ways lyke as the sacerres and musclus gothe Â¶ The Anothomie of the brest and his partyes a meÌ„bres Ca. vi THe partyes in the brest be som holden som that be holdeÌ„ Â¶ The pappys or brestys be made as it were a cornelly whyt flesshe lyke a sponge made with vaines stryngys and senowes and ther fore they haue a festenynge of the lyuer of the herte Â¶ The lacertes or musclus be many dyuers som with the skynne named Dyafragma som do be longe only to the brest som to y e rybbes som to the backe Â¶ Therbe iii. maners of bonys in the brest In the fyrste parte be vii bonys namyd ossa thoracis Therby on the syde of gula is receyuyd the holowes of Fircula vnder fircula by the â—roppe of the mawe or stomacke is a grystly addytamente namyd CusifornuÌ„ On the hynder parte be xii spondiles where as nucha passeth through wherof waxe or growe xii cowple of senowes y e whyche brynge sterynge and me nynge to y e musclus or flesshe of that parte On euery syde be xii rybbes vii ryghtewys rybbes v. mendosa rybbes or faynt rybbes be cause they be nat hole as y e other ryghtwys rybbes â—e Â¶ For to do the Anothomia well of the lymmes that be holden ye must cut the brest towardys the lyde put away the fyrst parte for mediastum than may y e inner parte be sene of y e whych the herte is the fyrste in the myddest of the brest descendynge a lytell towarde y e lefte syde for the place of the lyuer and to th entent that it sholde gyue rome or place to y e stryngys The forme or shape of the herte is lyke a pyne aple for the poynt of y e herte gothe towarde the neder lymmys or membrys of the body the brede of the whych is y e root gothe vpwardys The substance of the herte is harde hauyng on euery syde a veÌ„trycle or holownes and in y e myddyst a pytt as Galienê sayth in whyche is coÌ„sumed the grose fedynge blode that commeth from the lyuer and is made pure is sent by the vaynes throughout all the partys of the body Fyrste to the braynes ther it conceyueth another nature and becoÌ„meth animalis or vnderstaÌ„dinge to the lyuer where as it becoÌ„meth naturall fedynge to the stonys or coddys for generacyon so forth to all other membrys or lymmes maketh them quycke or gyueth them lyf Â¶ The herte is an instrumeÌ„t of al powers and myghte of the body a fulcomeÌ„ bonde or festener of y e sowle in it be ii orificias or mowthes and through the ryght orifice roÌ„neth a brauÌ„che of y e ascendynge vaynes bryngynge vp the blode frome the lyuer descendith frome thens downwarde agayne to vena arterialis for to fede y e longues Â¶ Of the lyft orifice gothe y e betynge vayne namyd vena pulsatilis wherof one parte gothe to y e longues and it is namyd vena venalis berynge the vapours capinosos to the loÌ„gues and ledynge the ayre in for to cole the hart with all vpon this orifice be iii. paÌ„nycles or skynÌ„es opynyng and closynge the passage of y e blode Â¶ By this orifice be ii lytell eerys ioyned to the harte

where as the ayre or breth goth out and in towarde the longues Also ther is a lytell grystell bone in it for to strength the harte wt. Â¶ The harte is coueryd w t a stroÌ„ge paÌ„nicle namyd precordiuÌ„ where as the senowes coÌ„me to be bouÌ„de w t y e longues festenyd and subportynge through mediastinuÌ„ Â¶ Upon y e harte coÌ„meth y e longues fleing wauynge for to cole it whose substance is spongye whyt soft in y t whiche be iii. holownessis The fyrst is y e vaynes whiche growe out of y e ryght ventrycle of the harte the vayne that groweth out of the lyft ventrycle the brauÌ„ches y t coÌ„meth from the throthe brynge wynde or breth to y e harte The longues hath v. lobos or feders iii. in the right syde and. ii in those ft syde Â¶ Behynd the longues after the. v. spondyle goth mery y e vayne tracea asceÌ„dynge bothe these passe through dyafragma Also ther passe through it mater adorthi that dothe ascende froÌ„ the herte all these with the veyne Trachea make a hepe fyllyd with paÌ„nycles and stronge bondys with caruelly flesshe to gula Â¶ After this be in the brest iii. paÌ„nycles Fyrst the paÌ„nycle that froÌ„ within doth couere the rybbys named Pleura The other is mediastinuÌ„ departyth the hole carkes in bothe sydes The thyrde is dyafragma and y t deuideth y e spyrytuall lymmys or meÌ„brys from y e fedynge meÌ„brys and is made out of pleura and syphac of the short paÌ„nycle that growyth of the senowes betwene y e spondyles is most by y e rybbes whose operacyon is for to drawe the ayre to her for to withdryue y e superfluyte as Galienê testyfyeth Â¶ Of y e bely his meÌ„brys Ca. vii MEry is y e croppe of y e necke goyng inwardly thrugh y e necke tyll y t he makyth a hole through dyafragma wher vn to he is fast bouÌ„d dyafragma goth into y e last ê‘te of y e brest there as y e mouthe of the mawe or stomake dothe sprede hym The worke of the stomake is dysgestyon for it hath y e lyuer on the ryghte syde warnynge herselfe w t the loÌ„bys or lymmes y e myst thwart on y e lyft syde w t her fat vaynes for to dryue away melaÌ„coly or heuynes for to lyghteÌ„ releue y e apetite Aboue it is ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ gyuyng her quyknes vnto y e braynes loâ—â€¦ haue y e vndstaÌ„dyng of felyng Also it hath of y e backe ê‘te y e senowes namyd chylym adorthi wher as it is bouÌ„d w t vnto y e spoÌ„diles of y t kydnes Unto y e vndmost mouth of y e stomak begynÌ„eth the guttys and they be in noÌ„bre vi y e fyrst is namyd duodenuÌ„ for he is xii inches loÌ„ge and is also namyd portenareê for he is y e vndmost ê‘â—e of y e stomake lyke as meri is vpê‘most The. ii is ylioÌ„ is loÌ„ge small is wouÌ„deÌ„ vp by y e backe by y e lyskes The. iii. is ieiuniuÌ„ for he is euer emptye because he is so nygh the gall ther come to hi y e smal vaynes mise raice he receyueth y e colera y t coÌ„meth betwene hi portenariuÌ„ The. iiii is cecê or saccê is y e blynde gut or secoÌ„de mawe or moke is about y e length of a shaftmeÌ„t hath i. orificiuÌ„ to receyue y e hole fylthynes y t coÌ„myth of y e fyrst dysgestyoÌ„ of y e bowels The. v. is namyd Colon is grosse fullof holownes wher as y e fyshynes receyueth her forme The. vi is namyd Longaon and that is the ars gutte Â¶ The Lyuer is a place an organ of the seconde dysgest yoÌ„ engendryng blode set in the ryght syde vnder the short rybbes and is formed lyke a mone hath v. lytell paÌ„nys in the maner of a haÌ„de wherwith passeth aboue the stomake Â¶ The Lyuer with her paÌ„nycle is bouÌ„de on Dyafragma w t the backe stomake gutte and hath collygacyoÌ„ with the herte kydney coddys with all meÌ„brys Her substauÌ„ce is redflesshy lyke blode that is stollydor roÌ„ne is full of synewes Of the holownes of the lyuer cometh a vayne named the gate is deuyded in many smal vaynes that be namyd miseraice y t be plaÌ„tyd in y e stomake in the guttys drawe out all the moysture of the vayne Chyli is deuyded with her rotys through all y e lyuer and of the hyll of the lyuer coÌ„meth the vayne Chylis draweth from the lyuer all the blode that is in it engendred beryn ge that blode for to fede y e hole body In the myddys of y e lyuer wher it is holow dothe lay a lytel bladder y t is namyd the gall or deyned to receyue y e suê‘fluyte of Colera it hath ii oryfyces one in the myddest of y e lyuer for to receyue the colera The other gothe aloÌ„ge downe by the bothom of y e sto make for to puryfye the guttys to dryue out the colera Â¶ The mylt is ordeyned in the lefte syde ouerthwartly enbrasynge y e stomake is bounde with her paÌ„nycle to iii. eybbys w t her backe with her holow nes to y e stomake The kydners be twayne the one is ordernid for to purysy the blode the watery suê‘fluyte in them is a holownes wherin they receyue suche as they drawe to them In eche of them be ii entrees through the one they drawe y e wate â—y humour of the vayne Chyli also from the lyuer Through the other they sende vrynÌ„ water to the bladder and the kydnes be ioyned to the backe be fat rouÌ„de aboute Â¶ Behynde the kydnes by the spoÌ„dyles be the lymmes or nether rydge bones ther on restrynge as on a quylt or matrys Â¶ Betwene y t kydnes passeth y e vaynes Chyli A dorthi to the nethermâ—â€¦mmes by the whiche vaynes very nyâ—he groweth the semynall vessellys Â¶ Of the flankes herpartyes Ca. viii Of the flankes ye shall und stande the nether parte of y e bely frome the lappe to the secrete membrys be of ui maners somholde as myrach Siphae Sir bus the bonys som be holden as y e semy nall vessellys the moder or matrix in a wo maÌ„ the fuÌ„dament gutt the senowes vay nes y e coÌ„meth downwarde Â¶ In euery of them is a gryat bone they be ordeyned togyder with a great spoÌ„dyle namyd ossis sacris on the backe syde and on the for parte makyng of y e genytour bone namyd os pectinis Thus these bonys go abrode ouer bothe y e sydes of y e lymmes of the hyppes wher through hauyng in theÌ„ great holys dothe go bothe senowes vaynes strynges they be also but small by y e syde of pectinis by the secrete membres In the myddest of theÌ„m y t nether parte by the boxys or holownes

fraÌ„kensens a halfe ounce myrra i. dragne â—ryos i. ouÌ„ce Frensshe wyne or soden elsate wyne ii pouÌ„de weyght water of plaÌ„tayne small and great water of rede rosys that growyth in the coorne water of caprifolium water of peruinca agrestis water of oken leuys of eche a pounde Wyll you haue a stronger to dryut the matter more out take alume i. ouÌ„ce Balausti Pessidie Nucis cypressi Orobi curscely stamped of eche a drane wyll you that the flesshe grow put therto Sercocolle an ounce is the wounde hart so put therto camfere a drane and a halfe The drynes is made thus take consolida maior viii ounces pensedanum iiij ounces alum ii ouÌ„ces smithes water dystuled per filtruÌ„ iij. pyntes soddeÌ„tyll the thryde patre be consumed and that water shall be made warme and y e bonde shal be depttherin wherwith ye shall bynde the membre lyke as is afore sayde If ye wyll make a stronger muÌ„dificatiuum that more clensyth caused the matter to rest One muÌ„dificatyfe Â¶ Take vnguentum egypciacum ii ounces Alum one ouÌ„ce whyte fraÌ„kensence an halfe ouÌ„ce myrra one drane Reed wyne ii pouÌ„de all togyder sodden a lytell than spowte this in the hole of this sore For I haue done great cures therwyth Â¶ Of woundes com by venymous stynges or of wode doggys bytynges or of snakes adders scorpyons or of other suche lyke Ca. xxij WYll you beholpen of the venym bytynges of beestes So it is good that ye folowe y e lernynge of master Auicenna Rasys Rabbi moyses and Heuricus For they haue spokeÌ„ of all venym And the cure therof whiche belongeth more to the phesycon than to the surgyon And all suche bytynge woundes it is in ii maners The one is done of a venymous beest y e other is done of no vem mobeest In lykenys as the bytynge of a man or womaÌ„ or of a dogge of an hogge horse or a katte or there lykenes Â¶ The venymous bytynge of mad dogges y e styngynge of a snake or adder or y e poysonynge of a â—oode or of a spyder or ony other lyke venymous beest Â¶ It is in two maners to haue in cure The one is to take away the venymous matter by the â–ª heâ—â€¦cyon within defenddynge the body from hurte through the whiche hurte the racyente may be in ieopardy of his lyfe Â¶ The other maner is the venyme without shal be taken away by the Surgean and shall be caused to growe flesshe and than heled kepe the hole of the wouÌ„de some dayes opeÌ„er ye begynne to cure the wounde Â¶ The knowledge of the bytynge of a venymous beest ye may knowe by the compleynynge of the pacyent for he shall haue grete payne and brennynge in his body wherby ye may knowe it is to hym greate harme and greffe for the venym or poysone desyreth none other but to ouercome the harte And to suche venymous bytynges or styngynges it behoned you to take good hede And yf so be that the parson in the begynnynge fele not the token it wyll afterward apere as paraduenture a moneth after a yere aftor vii yeres after so may it be For I haue sene a chylde byteÌ„ of a mad dogge y e wouÌ„de was heled and a yere after y e same wouÌ„de began the rotte and y e chylde was mad and dyed therof Â¶ Wherfore yf there come ony parson to you dyten of any beest that is not venymous and no token on them apâ—ie ye nede to do none other thynge than you do to another cure Â¶ The cure of bytynge of all venymous beestes Galienus in tertio terapen sayth whan that y e payne cometh of a styngynge or bytynge of a beest you shall take away the payne and also the venyme by boxynge or lettynge out of wyn de or brennynge with a hote Iron or w t a warme bath and this maketh loose the hole substaunce of the wounde or lay ther to some drye thynge hote to take a waye the benyâ—e Therfore coÌ„maundeth Lanfrancus and other surgyons to set therto a ventous and take away the venymous bloode or that euyll bloode shall be seâ—ed or brent with a hote Iron or cauteries that the coÌ„mon people breÌ„neth w t a kaye of his chyrch Â¶ Upon suche a wounde som layth a symple medecyne to drawe out the venyme y e whiche is done with garlyke and with on â—ons stamped with buter Also as Guido sayth dothe the common people for lacke of surgyan in lyke wyse they take a hynne plucketh the fethers from her arse and layeth y e hennes arse all quycke vpon y e wouÌ„de and the henne dyeth of the venyme that cometh out of y e wouÌ„de The wounde shal be open at the leest xl dayes Than the inwardly cure behoueth more for the phesycy on thaÌ„ for y e surgyaÌ„ Ye shall knowe howe to take away the venymous blode Â¶ In the begynnynge you shall not let out the blode of the vayne bycause that y e venym sholde not be sprede through all y e meÌ„bres and also gyue them nothynge laxatyue in the bely that y e venym go not w t in thrugh all the membres therfore must be set y e ven toâ—e aforesayd whyche strongly pulleth to hym the venymous blode after the thyrd daye it is good to be let blode on the vayne and so to cause the Melancoly with lyght medecynes as in dressynge Epitimy with gootes mylke and he must be in rest of his harte Also he must take and â—ethe the heed and fete of a yelded shepe and in the brothe therof often tymes wasâ—he his feete And if it be so that the parson may not beholen w t the symple drynes thaÌ„ shall ye make hym a composita Â¶ A drye powder Make this composyta of licium assa dulcis bolus armenicus terra sigillata abscinthiuÌ„ nigella genciana all these medled togeder so take it in Or take y e asshes of a crefysshe that is dryed in an ouen take therof iiii partes and frankeÌ„sence ii partes medied them to gyder make therof a powder and take therof euery daye ii dranes with wyne wherin is sodden Bybergeyl which is called portulaca in latyn and Rew or herbe of grace Or take vi partes of a sihes of a crefysshe of Genciana iii. partes Terra sigillata one parte and take this medecynes as is aforesayd Â¶ If you in y e begynnynge of his grete nede had not come and the pacient hath taken euyll sykenes or yll accydentes of melancolye by heuynes of dremes wrath or trowble that he can gyue none answere ye nor nay it is the token ofmelancoly which weketh y e nature for that ye shall gyue theÌ„ this medecynes of Cantarides that dryueth oute through the vryne the melancolyous blode yfit be possyble And the medecyne ye must make after this maner Take Cantarides that is greate and olde and ther of cut away the heedes foote fatnes and take therof half anouÌ„te lentes

This powder is made after the lernyng of Rogerius of Colofonie iij. ouÌ„ces Conso ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ nor lapis Ematicis Masticis saÌ„guis Draconis Olyhaâ—â— of eche halfe an ouÌ„ce all this make in small powder and â—â€¦pyt it as is aforesayd And yf it w t that wyll not be stopped theÌ„ pull y e vayne out dresse it as I haue sayd in the. xv chaptre of the stoppynge of the blood Â¶ If y e wouÌ„de is behynde through the bone that y e back mary be wouÌ„ded it is very yll therfore take not to cure suche a wounde Â¶ If ye be desyred to suche a workynge shâ—â— tell the frendes that it is a deedly wouÌ„de Neuerthelesse do your beste And in the begynnynge put therin warme oyle of roses saye thervpon oyle of roses medlyd w t the yolke of an egge so it lesse the payne and as it begynne to matter so shall it be clensyd make flesshe with this plaster as wylhelmus laÌ„cirancus wrythyth and Guido sayth y e same Â¶ A plaster Â¶ Take rose hony vi ouÌ„ces barly meell one ouÌ„ce torpetyne ware rosyll of eche ii ouÌ„ces frankensence mastyk of ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ myrra sercocolle mumye of eche halfe a dragma oâ—tuÌ„ masticis iii. dragma of this make a salue stryke it on a clothe and say it on yeâ—ucha or backe mary it shal be better ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ y e mayster or surgyaÌ„ thynke it un ã€ˆâ€¦ã€‰ but it is not iÌ„possible to y e nature as she may be holpen w t the strengthe of y e good medysyne clensynge If the wouÌ„de be longe the bone wouÌ„ded and ony peces be cut of so need you it to take out yf it be possyble than sow y e wouÌ„de lyke as I haue shewyd afore and clense it heele it lyke an other wouÌ„de yf the botton of the back bone is cut through or y e back bone by the necke so as he hathe lost his meuynge so it is in ê‘yll to helpe hym If it be not lost helpe hym with the strengthe and clensynge of the rose hony torpentyne fenigreke meel and therof make a plaster and lay it on the wouÌ„de and about the wouÌ„de shall ye stryke defeÌ„suruÌ„ hele it lyke an other wouÌ„de If the wounde be through the throte goll it is gret peryll bycause iâ— vaynes is in it the which vaynes comyth to the loungis and to the hert As they be wouÌ„dyd that is in gret peryll and dedly herof wrytheth wilhelnius de saliceto that he sawe a gret lorde was shotten in one of y e aforsayd vaynes by the throwte goll ther went out one drop of bloode in coÌ„tynent the lorde dyed and the place of the wounde was blacke he rattylde so sore tyll he dyed therby vnderstoode wilhelmê that the bloode ran to y e louÌ„ges to y e hert stoppynge his brethe wilhelmê mynde was to leet hym bloode on bothe his armys but the tyme was to short for hym therfore it is good in suche a wouÌ„de the pacyent to be let bloode Also he sawe a knyght that was hurte in y e necke with a longe knyffe that the throwte goll was wouÌ„dyd he fyll downe lay styll and wilhelmus thoughte he had be dede bycause he felyd no wynde come from him and he halpe hym that he came to lyfe Also he sawe a presoner in the towne of TremoÌ„de which of disê‘acyon cut his one throwte that his meet came out agayne through the wounde and his brethe than bounde he agayne the partes of the wounde well fast togyder and layd ther vpon this powder Â¶ Take dragantum sanguis draconis gumy arabici of eche lyke moche in powder with this defensyffe powder and plumacyoles or small kussyus of clouthes or of roywe and with the byndynge therto at lenkth he was helyd in a moneth Â¶ Is the wouÌ„de in this ê‘tys aforsayd w t a shote of an arowe or stytche with a dagger and the arowe in the wounde then take it out softly as is aforsayd in the xvi chaptre If the arowe be taken out bleded sore then stope it as I haue sayd in the xiiii chaptre Â¶ And bled it but lytell or is there no payne theÌ„ heed thâ— w t ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ â—nto ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ wounde upoÌ„ y t ye may ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ conâ— paiâ—â— or not If there bene payne ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ may ye ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ wounde But is there payâ—â— ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ theÌ„ it is nedefull to fylle the hole wouÌ„de w t warme oyle of roses and put therin ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ tâ—ll reâ—te deyed before in warme oyle of rofes medled w t the yolke of tyges and ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ therwith ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ wouÌ„de open vnto the tyme y t matter comeout TheÌ„ cleÌ„se it lyke another wounde and he le it with a grene wouÌ„ded plaster or with bawme Som tyme the wounde is shoten through the necke towched the throwte goll callyd hysophagus and trachea but the synewes and vaynes be not towched then nede none other cure than the cure of another wounde Â¶ Of the wounde iÌ„ the schulders or bytwene the schulder Ca. xlij IN this places to be wouÌ„ded it is very ê‘yllous for the synewes whiche come frome the brayne therfore it is dedly after the wouÌ„de is depe or not depe Marke al so yf the wounde is in the length or ouerthwart And is the wounde wyde then sowe it and let in the nedermost ende a hool open wher through the matter may auoyde out y t the wouÌ„de may be cleÌ„se and lay vpon the seme this powder folowinge Â¶ A powder Take dragoÌ„s blood guÌ„me of arabie and dragantum and make it in powder If the wouÌ„de be not depetheÌ„ hele it with y e grene wouÌ„ded plaster or with bawme lyke another wounde If the wounde be deep you be fered for the payne of the synewes theÌ„ne lay fyrst in the wouÌ„de oyle of roses medled with yolke of egges Therafter lay on euery daye a clensynge plaster as I haue wry then in the a for sayde laste chaptre and is made oâ—rofe hony barly meel somtyme with turpeÌ„tyne myrra sarcocole about the wouÌ„de stryke a defensyffe made of bolo armeno oyle of roses and w t a lytell venegre And as the wounde is well clensyd then do flesshe growe and therafter he le yt lyke another wounde If y e wounde be shot and that the pelleth or arowe hede is in it then make the wounde greter take out y e pelleth or arowe hede as I haue sayde in y e xvi chaptre whaÌ„ y e arow hede or pelleth is pulledout then put in the wounde oyle of roses medled with the yolke of egges and all tymes stryke the wounde about with y e defensyffe as is aforesayd and the next day clense the wounde If in the wounde growed corrupte flesshe then clense it with vn guentuÌ„ apostolicuÌ„ scdm AuicennaÌ„ And it is well cleÌ„seth then he le it And all tyme holde the rule w t lettynge of blood to the chambre goynge and with mete and drinke and with

y e wouÌ„de stoppyth Therfore take hede whaÌ„ ye se suchâ— a wounde than bynde the contrarye parte as I haue lernyd you in ye. xv chap. Â¶ Another experymentall lernyng for to staunche the bloode Â¶ Also was I callyd to a yonge man which was stytched through his legge aboue his knee to the whiche was callyd another mayster before whych therto dede a good staunchynge of blode neuerthelesse the wounde bleded styll and I desyre not to come ther for cause of y e mayster but I marke that the pacyent became febler and fayn thaÌ„ I sette the aforsayde stone and in the mean tyme drede I stampe small netyll And I cause the other mayster to vnbynde the wouÌ„de anone cam ronnyng out of y e wouÌ„dyd vayne a fynger thicke blood ThaÌ„ I layd on the vayne in the wounde y e blood stone and that powder of the same blood stone mydled with the whyte of egges and y e powder thus mydled layd I rounde about the bloodstone and thaÌ„ I bounde ther vpoÌ„ on the wounde the stamped small netylles and than I bounde it with a rollynge bouÌ„de that ther cam not out one dropell of blode All be it so that a mayster layde the afor sayd bloodestone on a woundid vayne neuerthelesse it wyll not stoppe nor stauÌ„che y e blode lyke wyse as it hath happeneth me And shorâ—ly I clene and shruped the stone and thâ—â— I layd it on the wounde and thaÌ„ he shewyd his powre as therto belongthe Therfore it is good to haue y e stone in powdeÌ„ thâ—â— to lay theÌ„ vpon y e wouÌ„de vaynes Â¶ Of the wounde of the hande and the fyngers Ca. xlvij THese woundes be not so deedly as the wouÌ„de in the elbow Neuertheles therto cometh often tymes impostumacyon and swellynge therfore take hede yf it neded to be sowed the wounde thaÌ„ worke after the. xiij chaptre and bynde it lyke another wounde If the wounde is with shot than take out the pellet lyke as it shewed before in the. xvi chaptre If the wounde hath bled but lytell Than let hym blood as is sayd in the. xv chaptre If ther be grete payne of the wounde and the payne wyll not slake then make this after folowynge remedye Â¶ A medecyne Take boli armeni ii ounces oyle of roses iiij ounces opium xl barly cornes heuy venegre half an ounce semeÌ„ bisantie or by sant sede one dragma whyt popylyon sede or semeÌ„ papaueris albt a drag nyghtshede or howleke sap iiij ounces medled to gyder and lay on the place so often tymes tyll the payne be slaked but not longe for the coldemakynge of the membre And he le the wounde lyke another wounde If after y e helynge of y e wouÌ„de come there small bollynge or knottes that y e ioynte maye not be vowen than shall ye layâ—on the knotten euery daye this plaster folowynge Â¶ A plaster Take powder of litargirii iiiâ— ouÌ„c. oliuÌ„ Olyue xx ouÌ„ces mustilaginis seigreti mustilaginis seminis lini ofeche xvi ounces mustilaginis maluistici viij ofices resyne xxiiij ouÌ„ces cere iiij ouÌ„ces olfum ca momille a pounde and halfe a pouÌ„d farine fenigreci farine seminis link of eche iiij ouÌ„ces masticis thuris of eche ii ouÌ„ces hogges grece capons grece goose grece duckes grece of eche iiij ounces all this medled to gyder make therof a plaster laye it on y e knottys than shall it be euen Or make another salue to the same in this maner Â¶ A salue Take hogges grece goose grece kapons grece duckes grece ofeche vâ— ouÌ„c. waxe il ouÌ„ces litargirum ii ouÌ„ces oyle olyus viij ouÌ„ces farine fenigreci farine seminis linâ— ofeche ii ouÌ„ces bdellij oppoponati thuris masticis of eche an ouÌ„ce of al this make a salue With this salue gothe away all the hardnes of the ioyntes and the knottes be euen Â¶ If ony parsone is cut of y e haÌ„de ther shall a quycke henne be opened puttynge the stumpe of y e arme therin that shall stauÌ„che the blood than shall you sow the skynÌ„e crosse wyse ouer the stumpe and thervpon strawe the powder aspresayde as herafter folowed Â¶ A powder This powder is made of whyte frankeÌ„sence dragons blode and medle of this powder a lytell in the whyt of an egge and depe therin towe and lay it on the wounde If a parsone is the arme or the hande cut of and ther is ony pecys of the bone in the stumpe that is a lytell lose or not that shall ye pretelly take out or is that bone not euen and ther apyre ony sharpnes of bonys out of the wounde than put the skyn back wart and than cut of the vneuen bone and sowe the wounde as is aforesayd and than he le the wounde with staunchynge of the bloode and with the rulynge aforesayd And occupye altymes the defensyffe whyche is nede full to this wounde Â¶ If this wouÌ„de wyl not be staunchyd of the bledynge than lay thervpon this herafter folowyng powder Â¶ A powder Take Boli armeni papyr brennyd wyne stone of eche lyke moche bynde the wouÌ„de faste that the blood be staunchyd Â¶ Whan the fynger is cut through than sowe it clenely and bynde it lyke another wounde And ye shall lay the fynger in a pype of elder tree and than hele it as I before haue lerned you Â¶ Of the wounde in the brest Ca xlviij OF the woundes in the brest howe they happened speketh Gwido y e meruaylyd him that he hath fouÌ„de whr yten so lytell of Galieno Haly abbate and Aniceu na of y e membres that be holden and moche is whryten of the meÌ„bres whyche holden and in these happened the woundes in sondry maners and therfore ye must haue also soÌ„dry cures therafter as they be It is somtyme done w t a sworde or with a dagger or with a shot or w t a spere through ronnyng SoÌ„tyme is wouÌ„ dyd the vttermoost skynne and the flesshe somtyme in the holnes of the brest somtyme through y e body Somtyme is wouÌ„ded the membres within the body lyke as the harte the longues and dyafragma that is the paÌ„nicle that departeth the herte from the other membres And somtyme is not towched y e membrys within thaÌ„ it is but a symple wouÌ„de And this is nedefull to be knowen of this particyon to the surgean that he may the better do her cure And bycause that the olde doctours in this cure accordyth not therfore I shall whryten som what for to knowe the maner of the woundes er ye take it in charge Â¶ The fyrst is If any be wounded in the brest with a swoorde or other lyke wepen it is lyghtly to knowen yf the wounde wtin be cut through or not for the greatnes of the wounde But is it w t a dagger or arow it is yll to knowe yf it goth through or noâ— Therfore it is nedefull to haue toâ—â€¦es foâ— to knowe the same And that token that the wounde

gothe through the breest or in the holnes of the brest is as the wynde cometh out the wounde princypaly whan the nose and the mouth is stoppeth than shall yow haÌ„ge a lytell feder on a threde a fore y e wouÌ„de is the wouÌ„de through than shall meue the feder Â¶ The token that the herte is wounded is the blacknes of y e blode and that the membres without be colde the superfluyte of the sweyt of swommynge or Sincopis minuta The place of suche a wounde is vnder the lyfte pappe and that is not good suche a wouÌ„de to take in hande therfore it is a cause for to refuse it for it is a deedly cure The tokens that the longue is wounded that y e blood comyng ther out is rede and shomynge and the pacyente is hoote and kowckyth and is pale an y e place of the wounde is on the ryght And as Galienus sayd whan moche blooâ—â€¦yth through the mouth without payne that is a token that the vaynes be hurt Â¶ The token y e the diafragma is wouÌ„dyd that he cannot hale his winde to hym strongly cowghed with bloode slymy spattyll that the pacyent hath great payne in his fyde the place of this wounde is by the small rybbys if â—herto comythyll accedeÌ„te â—han it is dedly and yf the bloode rya in y e belly than it wyll corrupte for nede and rotte and the token of this is heuynes of the syde and of y e smal rybbys stynkynge spatyll with moche cowghe the pacyent hathe therwith the axcis and Jamer sayd also the wynde that comyth out of y e wouÌ„de and the mouthe styncketh so sore y t it may not be suffryd y t clowte stynckyth of the bloode thaÌ„t comyth from y e wouÌ„de and the wouÌ„de that gothe through y e backe is in more peryll than y e other for the vaynes synowes throte and stryngis of the hert and that is fastenyth to the backe and the wounde of the mary is also sore peryllous and the wounde of the backe bone that is not depe that is not peryllous and the wounde that towched not the backe bone is not so peryllons Â¶ If the wounde be small without lesynge of the substauÌ„ce and that cometh not to noneyll accedence y t shal be drest with tow depped in the whyte of an egge therin mydle a letyll drogoÌ„s bloode with frankeÌ„sence lyme of egge shel les and on the. iij. day shall the wounde be drest agayne and than hele it with a greâ—â€¦ woundyd plaster or with the Jewys plaster or with bawme but wyll you occupye the bawme so must you occupye it at y e begynnynge to the endynge without dressyng of the whyte of an egge doynge therto and also defende the wounde from hete and swellynge with that deâ—ensiâ—um Â¶ A Defensyffe Â¶ Take role armeno oyle of roses and a letyll venegre Â¶ If the wounde be great y t it must be sowed than sowe it and bynde it so as I haue lerned you afore and ye shall hele it lyke another wounde with the grene woundyd plaster or with the Jewys plaster or with the bawme Â¶ If the wounde be so greate and depe stytcheth or shotten that it gothe in the hole of the body of suche a wounde sayd Rogerius Brunus Wylhelmus de Saleceto Lancfrancus that it shall not be bouÌ„den for cause y e bloode shol de not abyde within suche a wouÌ„de shall be kepte vp with tentes depeth with oyle of roles and with salue and stryke about with defenstuum and whan ye be sure of y e yll accidence than shall ye clense the wounde with this Â¶ A clensynge Take FrankeÌ„sence Myrra Farina lupinorum of eche an ounce straynyd rose hony vi ounces camomyll floures ij ounces wyne one pouÌ„de and a halfe all this togyder mydled and this in the wounde sâ—owttyd for to clense the wounde and take hede that ye spowtte no more in the wouÌ„de than he may suffâ—e and than rolle the pacyont on a table roundabout and tourne hym vpon the wounde that the clensynge may come-out agayne yf he may that suffre no more so do in y e wouÌ„de againe y e teÌ„tes cleÌ„se it w t this plaster Take rose hony fraÌ„kencense myrra sarcocolle or take an other plaster Â¶ A plaster Â¶ Take strayned rose hony turpentyne vi ouÌ„ces barly meell as moch as it neded thaÌ„ shal y e wouÌ„de be clene w t this plaster with this plaster with the aforsayd spowtynge that takyth away y e yll matter and this is the counsell of y e aforsayd maysters bycause yf y e matter sholde abyde in y e wouÌ„de it wolde cometo y e hert and to al other gentyll meÌ„brys within y e body it wolde be the dethe of the pacyent Theodoricus Henricus sayd that the wounde sholde be closyd and yf it is of nede y t the pacyent is â—eble thaâ— shal yegyue hym strengthyng confortynge to the nature and yf the wounde be not hastely closen y e naturall het â—holde through the wounde come out and the colde ayre wolde go in whiche ayre dystroyeth the wounde but Guido makyth concorde bytwene the aforsayd maysters and sayd that the substauÌ„ce of the thynges that comyth in the wounde of the brest as well it is in the fyrst parte as in the other parte And to all the wouÌ„des of y e brest belongth â—woo curis one win another without this wouÌ„des is to be knowen by y e for sayd â—okeÌ„s Â¶ As you knowe by the aforsayd tokens that there is no membre within wouÌ„ded or that no matter comyth therin the wounde shall ye hele without tentes and w t plasters salue incarnatiâ—uÌ„ with plu macyoles deppeth in wyne with byndynge that seldoÌ„ be chaunged yf ye be called to a wouÌ„dyd ê‘son that ye â—ere y e wouÌ„de hathe bleded inwarde that shal ye know by y e ratlynge of the pacyeÌ„t hath he bleded a lytell that y e blood rynnynge is done than coÌ„maunde you y e pacyent to stupe on y e wouÌ„de that he may meue hym that the blode may come out and as that is done so let y e wounde be tentyd with medsynes or drynes that drawith outwarde as turpentyne or hony that is better that drawyth outwarde and dryeth and clensyth And bynde hym with plumacyoles of tow but not to styffe in this same day let hym bloode In ye. iij. day glyster the wounde w t the soden wyne as I shall say here after than tourne the pacyent on the wouÌ„de and ther in doo reasonable tentys and that it let not y e out comynge of y e engeled bloode or matter and the tentys shal be bounde with a loÌ„ge threde bycause that the tente â—all not in the hoâ—nes of the brest for the pacyent sholde suffer moche harme Â¶ If ther be the rynnynge of the blood than ye shall not stoppe it but yf it rynnyd

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