Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	artery_n	great_a	vein_n	5,327	5	10.3624	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61890	The Lord Bacons relation to the sweating-sickness examined, in a reply to George Thomson, pretender to physick and chymistry together with a defence of phlebotomy in general, and also particularly in the plague, small-pox, scurvey, and pleurisie, in opposition to the same author, and the author of Medela medicinæ, Doctor Whitaker, and Doctor Sydenham : also, a relation concerning the strange symptomes happening upon the bite of an adder, and, a reply by way of preface to the calumnies of Eccebolius Glanvile / by Henry Stubbe ...	Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.	1671 (1671)	Wing S6059; ESTC R33665	245,893	362

tender habit of body cannot bear a violent transpiration swoon not by bleeding in water though otherwise they do by reason that the great effects of the Air upon the Blood are impeded by the ambient water the like happens in Scarification with Cupping-glasses and in bleeding with Leeches I did suppose that oftentimes in a Plethora quoad vires transpiration being hindered by the change of the texture of the Body the not-exhaling particles remix with the Blood and there also happens a subsidence of the vessels and change of the porosities so that the Fermentation is is not only clogged with morbose particles of several sorts but so hindered by the subsidence or compression of the vessels and alteration of the pores as not to be able to ferment for freedom of room is necessary to Fermentation nor transpire nor continue its due course nor by reason of the charge of porosities confer aliment aright so that a Plethora ariseth hereupon But as soon as the vein is breathed and the Blood as in your common water-pipes when a Pipe is cut acquires a more free passage that way it presently becomes more rapid and its motion also is accelerated by the fuliginous exhalations hastening to the vent together with the natural Fermentation resuscitated and so the whol● 〈◊〉 by a natural coherence and dependance is not only e●●cuated but altered in its minute texture and conformation It is most evident that the Blood in the Veins and Arteries is conveyed as it were in conduit-pipes the Heart being the great Elastic Engine which drives it being fed by the vena Cava and disburthening it self by the Aorta though even the motion of the Heart depend upon a Superiour influence by its Nerves which wherein it consists and how derived from the Brain and Soul is a thing to us incomprehensible I do suppose that the Circulation is continued and carried on principally by Anastomoses betwixt the Capillary veins and Arteries many whereof having been discovered by Spigelius Veslingius and others the rest may well be supposed and perhaps in the coats of the Veins and Ar●eries there may be a certain texture requisite whereby the transpiration is managed in order to the safe continuance of the digestive fermentation in the Blood and the nutrition of the body The impulse of the Heart together with the pulsation is sufficient to convey the blood to the lesser capillary Arteries and there though the pulse be lost which yet a little inflammation in the extremities of the body will make sensible and in some Ladies as also in Children the least preternatural heat yet it is impelled by the subsequent blood still into the veins and having acquired by the common miscele in the Heart and the digestive fermentation which naturally ariseth in such heterogenious liquors an inclination to expand it self the compression in the Capillary vessels adds to its celerity of motion when the larger veins give liberty for it the Aiery corpuscles of several kinds which are easie to be discovered upon burning by their expansion and contraction adding much thereunto Thus in Water-engines the narrowness of the Pipes do add to the impetus with which the Water issues forth And I do conceive by the Phaenomena which daily appears in practise that the Animal heat in the Blood actuating that heterogeneous miscele and according to the diversity of its parts producing therein with the help of its fermentation a rarefaction of what is aiery and according to the room there is a liberty or inclination to expand and evaporate themselves this is the principal cause of the continuance of the motion of the blood in the veins and of its saliency upon Phl●botomy Thus upon Scari●ication there is no salience or spurting out of the blood there being no room for such an expansion or for the Aiery halituous parts in which there is as great a difference as in those exhaling from the terraqueous Globe to rush forward out of the continued Arteries and together with themselves to protrude the blood Upon this account the Methodists and old Physicians as also the Aegyptians where the tender bodies and constitutions of Children and Women or Men admit not of or requireth that great relaxation of the pores and texture of the body which a more robust and firm habit wherein as the natural resistance in health is greater so the recess from it in a bad estate is much greater would be cured by they use these Scarifications and prefer them most judiciously to Phlebotomy This constitution of the Body doth evince the great utility of Phlebotomy and best as I suppose explicates the effects thereof which we daily experiment From hence not only is manifest how the Body is evacuated in a Plethora but in case of Revulsion and Derivation It is manifest in Aqueducts and Siphons that the liquors though much differing in nature from the Blood nor so inclined to evaporate does accelerate their motion and issue out so rapidly upon an incision or fracture in one of the Pipes that a lesser in such a case will deplete the greater notwithstanding its free passage in its own entire Canale Thus the most learned and considerate Physician Sir George Ent having observed first thus much Videmus aquam per siphones delatam si vel minima rimula hiscat foras cum impetu prorumpere And Sanguis per aortam ingressus fluit porro quocunque permittitur peraeque sursum ac deorsum quia motus continuus est quemadmodum in canalibus aquam deferentibus contingit in quibus quocunque feruntur aqua continuo pergit moveri Quare nugantur strenue qui protrusionem hujusmodinon nisi in recta linea fieri posse arbitrantur After this He explains the doctrine of Revulsion in this manner Quae postea de revulsionibus dicuntur nullum nobis facessunt negotium Tantundem enim sanguinis a pedibus ascendit per venas quantum ad eosdam delabitur per Arterias Facto itaque vulnere in pectore aut capite revulsio instituitur si modo tam longinqua instituenda sit in crure Quia sanguis alias quoquoversum ruens facto nunc in pede egressu copiosius per descendentem ramum procul a vulnere delabitur Non enim arbitramur sanguinem aeque celeriter sua sponte per arteriam aut venam fluere atque is secta earum aliquo effluit Nec sanguis ad laesum pectus aut caput per venam cavam impetu affluit quia fluxus ille aperta inferius vena intercipitur I do acknowledge that the reading of these passages did first create in me the thoughts I now impart unto you And hereby it is evident how the Ancients with their large Phlebotomies might derive even the morbi●ick matter or revell it though impacted Our minute Phlebotomies do seldom produce such an effect for since it is not otherwise done but by a successive depletion out of the Arteries it would seem necessary to extract three or

warmth and concurrence of the contemporary fabrick for the first blood can neither give a beginning to its self nor is it comprehensible how the weak impulse thereof should shape out all the veins and Arteries in the body according as they are scituated Out of which it is ●vident that the Soul or Plastick form doth at first reside and principally animate in the Spermatic parts so called not that they are delineated out of the Sperme but out of the Colliquament which is Analogous to it and that they are her first work the blood is but the secundary and generated out of the Colliquament for other Materials there are none by the Plastic form which is the proper efficient thereof and besides the Auxilary Heat there are no other instrumental aids but the spermatick vessels wherein the Colliquament at first flows to the punctum album which when blood is generated do become the Heart and sanguiferous Channels This is avowed by Doctor Glissen himself Liquor hic vitalis antequam sanguinis ruborem induit sese a reliquis ovi partibus quibus promiscue commiscetur segregare incipit in rivulos seu ramificationes quasdum excurrere quae postea venas evadunt Rivuli isti in unum punctum col●untes in eum locum conveniunt qui postea punctum saliens cor appel●●tur Idque fieri videtur diu antequam sanguinis aliquod vestigium compareat Herewith agree the most exquisite Observations of Doctor Highmore Most certain it is by the History of Generation that no Parenchymatous part hath any operation in the first production of the blood all their ●arenchymas being post-nate thereunto And if the blood be thus generated at first it is but rational for us to imagine that it is alwayes so generated during life For as it is true that the same cause acting in the same manner will alwayes produce the same effect So in this case to argue from the identity of the eff●ct to the identity of the cause is allowable Est enim causarum identitas quae fa●it ut effectus sit idem quippe effectus supponitur non esse donec a causis existentiam suam indeptus ●uerit dum existentiam illam largiuntur oportet ipsius quoque identitatem impertiant qua sine effectus ipsemet nequaquam fuerit That the Spermatic vessels in which the blood moves do contribute to ●anguification much seems apparent from hence that the blood is seen in them before it is in the heart And because it is observed that the fluidity of the blood seems to depend much on them and therefore in the dead it doth not coagulate except praeternaturally in the veins though it do commonly in the Heart or wheresoever it is extravasated Manat praeterea aliquid a venis nobis incognitum quod dum earum ambitu sanguis concipitur prohibet ●jus concretionem etiam post mortem in cadaveribus jam perfrigidis nequis hoc colori acceptum ferat quod vero coralliorum instar aliquando repertus est concretus in venis ipsis hoc merito Fernelius ascribit morbo occulto And not only the ●●uidity but motion of the blood seems to depend much thereon for if by a l●gature the impulse and succession of blood be prevented yet will the blood in the veins continue its course and not stagnate Exempto e corpore corde motus tamen sanguinis isque satis c●ler in sanis videntur Et si vena ulla etiam lactea duobus locis ligetur laxata ea sola ligatura quae cordi propinquior est dum partes adhuc calent semper Chylus ad hepar sanguis ad cor cum movebitur qui nec a corde per Arterias nec ab intestinis per lacteas objecto potuit obice propelli nec stuiditate sua potius sursum quam deorsum movetur The truth hereof seeming undeniable to Pecquet he makes use of a new Hypothesis to solve this motion of the blood as if it arose from compression of other parts or contraction in the vein it self But the Phaenomenon will appear in such cases as admit not this pretence From these reasons it is that the blood doth not need so much as any pulse in the veins and arteries as appears in the first faetus but as soon as it comes to the Heart it does to prevent coagulation the punctum saliens being endowed with no such quality practiseth its systole and diastole when yet no such motion is observable in the Arteries at that time Whence the colour of the blood ariseth is a secret unto me I know that digestion reduceth some Juyces to a redness in some Fruits the ●ire doth the like in some the mixture of acid Liquors begets a Vermilion But here I conceive none of these causes produce the effect● the generation of the blood is manifestly an Animal Action and as such unsearchable Whatever I attribute to the veins it is not to be expected that supposing they should instrumentally sanguifie the blood should turn blew from them any more than that water put into new vessels of Oak should turn white whereas it becomes reddish Thus the Plastic form produceth blood at first and whilest th●re is no first concoction in the stomack supplieth that defect by that albuiginous Colliquament which is of the same nature with the Chyle we digest our meat into and convey by the Lacteous Thoraciducts into the Heart That it is of the same nature appears hence that it resembles it and that it is extracted from the Blood of the Mother and produceth in the Embryo the like excrements of Choler and Vrine and Mucosities nay it hath been observed by Riolanus to have been tinged yellow How much more may be concluded hence in favour of the Galenical aliment●ry humours supposed to consti●ute the Blood I leave those to judge who consider the variety of female constitutions and their condition during their being with child perhaps the Hypothesis of a proportionate mixture of the five Chymical Principles will not seem more colourable Having thus related how Sanguification is performed in the Faetus at first I come to give an account how it is performed afterwards and even here it seems an Action perfectly Animal for even Concoction in the Stomach is not the bare ●ffect of Heat elixating the meat nor of acid or saline Ferments dissolving it nor of any other kind of imaginary Fermentation But 't is the effect of an Animal power operating upon the Meat in the stomachs of sundry Men and Animals by several wayes This appears most evidently herein that the same meat eaten by several Persons or different Animals produceth different Blood and different Excrements therefore Chylification is an Animal operation and is modulated by the speci●ick and individual constitutions Having thus determined of things that the Soul in all these actions is the Efficient we may consider that the meat being masticated in the mouth and commixed with the salival juyce

the followers of Erasistratus upon this subject But above all that ever intermedled I will give this character to Thomson that never did any presume more upon so weak grounds Nor ever was Confidence so poorly mounted and so pittifully be-jaded After much trouble and enquiry the sum of all he sayes in this case amounts to this The promiscuous mass of Bloud which flows in the Veins and Arteries he divides into three parts the one is called by him the Latex the second Cruor the third Sanguis or most properly Blood The Latex so called by Helmont by some Lympha by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a diaphanous clear liquor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fabricated in the second digestion by virtue of a ferment there residing It is the inseperable companion of the Bloud and closely p●rambulates with it through all the wandring Maeandrous pipes in this Microcosme It is the matter of Vrine and Sweat Spittle c. and renders several other considerable services to the body The goodness or pravity of the Latex depends much upon the bloud as it is constituted for albeit it is no essential part thereof yet is it altered for better or worse according to the channels it passeth through the lodging it taketh up and the condition of its associate notwithstanding that it may be sometimes impaired in its due excellency and the bloud withall remain very pure and sincere The second part is called Cruor from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Crudus concretus It is the more crude impure part of the bloud the purer part of the chyle being digested into a saline juyce is carried into the milky vessels and veins and mingling at last with that ruddy liquor is called Cruor and at last becomes perfect bloud It undergoes manifold guises and is often the subject matter of a multitude of diseases being sometimes changed into an Ichor Tabum or Sanies The third part is properly called Sanguis or Bloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is a most pure sweet Homogeneous Balsamie Vital juyce for the most part of a bright Red or Reddish colour made by the Archaeus by virtue of ferments implanted in the ventricles of the heart lungs veins and arteries causing a formal transmutation of the Ckyme or milky substance into this sanguineous liquor ordained to be the seat of Life and and the principal matter for sense motion nutrition accretion and generation It is for good reason called Balsamum seu Condimentum totius corporis ●orasmuch as it hath a sanative power sweetly uniting all the parts of the body for the conspiration of the good of the whole It is a great preservative against putrefaction as long as it remains in its integrity for consisting of many saline particles it seasoneth whatsoever it toucheth with a pleasing sapour It is the proper habitation of the vital spirit the immediate instrument of the soul in which it shines displaying its radiant beams every way that sensation motion nutrition and all other functions may be exquisitely performed God and Nature never intended other then that the bloud should be Homogeneous pure plain symbolical with that single principle of the Vniverse Now these Peripatetick Philosophers deliver to the world that the contexture of this vital juyce is made up of Choler Phlegm Melancholy and Blood which united produce this compounded body which we call Sanguis How grosly erroneous and dangerous this Tenet is most Learned Helmont hath made evident Wherefore we conclude with that noble Philosopher that Bloud is an Vnivocal substance divisible only by some external accidental means as the Air or Fire which cause a various texture and different position of its Atomes whereby it seems to consist of parts which are not really inherent in it as is manifest in its degeneration from its native colour sapour consistence and goodness which it had before it became corrupt in the pottinger or underwent the torture of fire Both of which do strangely larvate and disguise the puniceous Balsome giving occasion to the Galenists to frame their four fictitious humours no where really existent This being the foundation of all his declamations against Phlebotomy before I proceed any farther it may seem requisite that I should make some Animadversions thereon I might take much notice of and dislay his errours as to what he sayes that the Latex is by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this is the first time I ever read it called so the usual terms being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The notion whatever Helmont say is not new at all an hundred Galenists have mentioned and treated of it as the vehicle of the bloud and nourishment But that cruor should come from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 crudus concretus is an opinion singular to the Baconical Philosopher That 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth signifie cold I know well and that cruor properly signifies the the bloud of dead people or the mortified bloud issuing from putrefied wounds I no less understand though Authors frequently confound it with Sanguis But that his Latex and the Lympha so called by moderns are the same is news for it is not held that the Lympha in its peculiar form was pre-existent in the Arteries and as such did accompany the Blood through the Maeandrous pite● but is generated as it is discharged into the Lymphaeducts and from them is re-mixed with the bloud And if it were yet would not the definition of this Latex agree with it for the Lympha is no inseparable companion of the bloud as appears by its peculiar vessels it is seldome a diaphanous clear liquor being commonly tinged with several colours oftentimes whitish sometimes yellow or as it were stained with bloud And whereas this Latex is devoid of all sensible qualities those who have experimented the Lympha do not find any such thing but a variety of tasts Nor is it true that the Serum which accompanies the Bloud is such a Latex as our Helmontian describes it being never to my taste free from a salsuginous sapour though it retain that with a great Latitude nor devoid of colour so as to be clear and diaphanous and 't is very seldome seen that the said Serum will not coagulate unless preternaturally upon a gentle fire so that it is no more to be termed a Latex than the whites of eggs beaten to the like fluidity In like manner that in the Lymp●aeducts will coagulate as Bartholin observes and others As for the Cruor that there are graduations of the Bloud as to its crudity and impurity is no doubt amongst the Galenists and that it may oftentimes transcend the state of due maturation and so become degenerate is as easily granted as that it should come short of its desired perfection and when this Blood degenerates any way into a Tabum or sanious matter I must tell him

or spittle is prepared in order to Chylification then it descends into the stomach and is there sometimes in a longer sometimes in a shorter space reduced into a cremor which is so far from being acid as H●lmont saith that it is generally rather saline as are also the recrements of it that remain in the empty stomach It is true that according to the stomachs of Individuals and the meat they eat it happeneth so that this Cremor hath no certain taste nor colour Undoubtedly it must have been bitter in that Marriner and such as he of whom Vesalius writes that the Gall did naturally discharge it self into his stomach yet did he digest very well and never was apt to vomit or to be so much as sea-sick From the stomach the Cremor descends into the Intestines not all at once but as it is digested and there undergoes a second digestion receiving into its mixture the Gall and Pancreatick juyce I shall not speak of the variety that hath been observed in those two liquors nor trouble my self about the manner how they operate on the Chyle It is manifest that upon that mixture the Chyle suffers a great alteration if not some effervescence and some parts are coagulated and as it were precipitated and by a succession of changes the several particles are so blended and r●fracted in their qualities that the excrements at last are neither acid nor bitter but in dogs both sapors are extinguished In the mean time during this descent of that miscellanes the lacteous vessels do imb●be and convey the Chyle in the shape of Milk to the Receptacle where mixing with the recurring Lympha which is sometimes yellowish it passeth through the Ductus Thoracicus unto the Heart and in the Subclavian vein associating with the Blood it passeth along with it supplying the continual decay of the Blood and yielding Nutriment to the parts and new matter for excrementitious humours yet so as that it is not all transmuted into blood or perfected at one passage through the Heart but by repeated Circulations whereby it comes to loose its lacteous colour and contract a more saline taste as well as a serous limpidity or some more degenerate colour yet it is still coagulable except in a morbid state like to the white of an Egg as the depurated Chyle is It were easie to pursue this discourse so as to demonstrate that neither the separation of the Vrine in the Kidneys nor of the Gall in the Liver nor of the Spittle in the Glandules are other than vital Actions wherein the same form which at first shaped the Body is principal Efficient and that in these Operations there is somewhat more than percolation of corpuscles differently seised But I shall conclude this discourse by accommodating of it to the defence of the Galenical Alimentary Humours supposed to constitute the Blood It is manifest in this History of Sanguification that the Pituitous liquor which is derived into the Mouth by the salival vessels is most agreeable to that which is by the Galenists called Phlegme it is not like the serum in the blood for it is not coagulable as the other 't is insipid and as it makes so considerable a p●rt of the chyle in the stomach so it may well be presumed to continue its intermixture unto perfect Sanguification As for the Gall as its intermixture in great qu●ntities with the Chyle is undeniable so 't is not improbable that it gives a fluidity to the Chyle beyond what it acquires in the stomach thus Painters to make their colours and oyls more fusile and accommodated to their use do mix Gall therewith That upon the mixture it should loose its bitterness and become sweet and alimentary is most agreeable to the Galenists and no wonder for the sapors as well as colours of liquors are easily altered and 't is manifest that this happens in the descent of the Excrements through the tract of the Intestines and why not in the venae l●cteae there are signs of it in the flavidity usually observed in the Arterious blood and 't is remarqued by Judicious Maebius concerning the blood that it is not Homogeneous Habet enim sua stamina nigricantes fibras habet serum salino principio imbu●um ad putrodinem eludendam habet partem sub●●liorem splendente rubore excellentem supersiciem in extravasato cruore ambientem Et haec in recessu videtur custodire BILEM ALIMENTAREM flavidine sub insig●i rubore abscondita Quae ex rubro nigricant s●avedini si misceantur talem spl●ndentem ruborem exhibere cuivis clarum est The bitterness which it hath is produced by the Liver upon its separation there which is not done by meer percolation but an accessional of transmutation there As for Melancholy how much the Pancreati●k juyce resembles that when it proves not to be bilious as Veslingius and Virsungus alwayes observed it to be let any man judge by what Regneru● de Gr●eff hath most ingeniously written thereof besides tha● the more black part of the blood seems as essen●ial thereunto as the more bright Red. But the Degeneration of the Blood into those Excrem●ntitious Humours seems to evince as much as the Galenists pretend unto Since every thing is not produced out of every thing but out of d●terminate matter 't is not incongruous to imagine that in the due constitution of the Blood there is an Analogical difference of Alimentary juyces to make up good Blood since there is such a discrepancy in those depurated from it upon which the Soul by the innate temperament of the parts separating doth so operate that its effects are modified by the nature of the subject matter Hence that variety in the tastes of Vrine which is sometimes so bitter that Gall doth not exceed it sometimes sweet so that Fonseca relates of a Por●uguess Peasant who by the sweetness of the Vrine would tell who were infected with the Plague The Gall appeared in great variety to Vesalius Longum sane esset ea que in quibusdam tertiana quar●ana laborantibus dein suspendio aut capite plexis in furiis mania oppressit obsessis in melancholia morbo effectis ex variis f●brium quae continuae fuerunt rigorum sudorum inordinatos circuitus faciebant generibus extinctis faedo ictero eoque vari● vexatis malo habitu diu pressis dysenteria cruciatis subinde reperi modo commemorare Sive scilicet hic insignem bilis nunc flammae nunc atramenti quo scribimus in modum atrae sive albicantis propemodum colorem qui fere conterminas partes inficeat sive ●luidam aut luti modo aut unguent● cujusdam ex farinis melle terebinthina apparati ritu consistentis substantiam sive varias calculorum effigies sive bilis vesiculae molem instar duorum pugnorum ob contenta tumidam sive omnis bilis defectum recenserem Quae omnia me de hujus