saws some single The utmost above stand more inward then the rest by much Under the skin are sinewy small veins stretched out answering all the ribs in number and order the ribs are fourteen No membrane fleshly The muscles of the paunch are between the two tunicles of the rim which makes it seeme thicker and grosser as the horny-film of an Ox-ey fleshy in length by that line that answers the navell but not abroad and onely below The kell fastened to the stomack entralls and milt the milt very small hanging on the left side of the stomack and a part of the kell fastened to it The stomack bigger then ordinary for such a small body consisting of a doubled coat the outmost whiter the inmost smoother both thin The guts fastened behind to the back-bone by a thin skin No blind gut all uniforme The bladder very long thin but inclining more to the stomack The liver of seven films the weakest three-parted like a chicken-foot the middle three-cornerd annexed to the hollow vein a litle way by a thin skin The right Rein is higher The left Emulgens longer then the right both sprouting from the great artery not from the hollow-vein Yet I doubt of it By the hollow-vain are here and there reddish and yellow kernells the uppermost on the right side joyns to the liver by small veins The hollow vein sends many sprigs through the loyn-space of muscles to the back bone and the great artery lies under the hollow The seed-vessels descend from the midst of the reins but are parted in two on either side below one branch joyned to the stone reaching without the paunch The yard arising from strings of os sacrum is griâ—tly and hard as a bone writhed at top like an wimble-skind close sharp as a needle The right uritory sit higher into the bladder then the left a fine sinew comes strait down tied to the right side sit into the beginning of the hollow vein Also a small sinew on the left-side descends to the stomacks-mouth The hollow-hollow-vein is set into the right ventricle of the heart neare the right lappet which is black and full of blood and greater then the left this is white and bloodles hollow spreading on the right side into the lungs The great artery is set into the hearts left ventricle bending downward The hollow vain on the right passing a little above the lungs-branches it self into six springs rising to the lower jaw On the right side the lungs consist of foure lesser veins on the left of two greater They are most in the North and in the German-Alps Southward and toward Italy They inhabite the roofs of greater houses and beech and firre-woods A Boor told Gesner that in a very high firre-tree he tooke a Mattern and foure welps France hath no such Out of Poland are some brought of a slight dusk-colour Beside other Weezels-food they are said to eat shrubs their dung smels like Musk they are easily tamed Gesner had one that loved his dog that went about with him let loose shee would come to the chaine again and play with him like a cat lying on the back But there is no trusting them therefore some advise to take out their dog-teeth The skin is of use that under the throat makes caps good and wholsome for the head In Canada the women shew their babes in them There are two kinds one tamer of a dark yellow except a white part of the throat which curriers and skinners call Faina Bodies like a cat a litle longer and shorter legged It rooms about the country kills Hens and sucks their egs The other is wilde of a brighter and softer hair and a clay-coloured throat Some inhabite Beech and Oake and Holm-woods some pitch and firre-woods About the Bregantine Lake they shine by night The Zibelline Weezel or Satherius or Sebalus or the Sarmatick and Scythian-Mouse is somewhat lesse then the Mattern of a dark yellow all over except the throat which is ash-coloured Found in the North in the utmost woods of Moscovia in Lithuania white-Russia and neare the Cronion-Sea and in Laucerusa a wood of Scandinavia The Tartars and Laplanders send the best skins The Guinee story tells of store in a Province of Congo they lurke in shady Forrests and catch birds They are very nimble and restles It is said that if you lay the skin under other cloathes in a chest-bottome in three dayes it shall be found uppermost Handle them yet they remain even The long-haired and inclining to black are the best skins You spoyl them if you lay them in the Sun To keep them from the moth shake them oft and lay them up wrapped in wormwood they are very costly Agricola saw fourty sold for a thousand crowns Ambrosine a halfe sleeve trim'd therewith worth foure hundred pound of Bonony-money They of Obdoria offer this Mus-cats-skins to their Idol called Zlata Baba The great Cham of Tartary his Tents are said to be lined with them CHAPTER XII Of the Genetta and the Zibethus or Civet-Cat SOme conceive that Genetta being a Spanish name borrows the name from some place there Others call it a Spanish or Genet-Cat Some a lesser Panther The Oppians suppose it to be a lesser Wolf The whole body is handsomely marked with black spots The whole skin is of a soft and thick hair and downy breathing forth a not unacceptable sent It is found in Spain in waterish places where it seeks the food A winter halfe-sleeve furred therewith is sold for 25 nay 30 pound Bononian mony The Zibet unknown perhaps to the ancients is by the Greeks called Zapetion by others a Zibet-Cat or a Civet-cat a kind of Panther which the ancients thought the only well-sented beast this is thought the same with the Hyena of old It is armed with sharp teeth and hair An arme long from head to dock the legs to the feet a third part of an armes length Hee is about the bignes of a fox coloured like a wolf but black-spotted Hee carries a bag about his privities wherein lies the Civet that is so fragrant Hee hath a wide mouth like the Badger the tongue not quite so rough as a cats They are found in Pegu Congo China Cambaja and in the Ethiopian woods Brought also out of Egypt where they breed plentifully and out of Spain into Italy Hee loves raw flesh and field-mice Cardinal Galeotto feeds them at Rome with chicken-flesh In China hee eats sweet-meats and rice and egs and the sweet wood called Camaron if that be the beast Pigafetta mentions in his journall Scaliger hath seen them so tame at Rome and Mantua that men carry them harmlesly on their shoulders A Florentine Consul at Alexandria had one so gentle that hee played with men taking them by the nose ear lips teeth and did them no harm Ever fed from the first it was with womans breast-milk The sweet excrement lurking as afore is
purse or bag The bladder fastened above to the Peritonaeum and below to the streight gut The stones are covered with foure skins the outmost called scrotum the next dartos the third erythroides or the red the fourth is the inmost There is somewhat also considerable in the vessells preparing and conveying the seed c. Wee saw the uriteres descending from flat or hollow of the reins to the bladder-neck also the milk-veins tending toward the bunchy-part of the reins both sprouting from the body of the hollow-gut but the left is higher then the right and all most twice as long The straight-gut is tied to the beginning of the tayl by a middle-string it hath veines and sharp kernels Wee saw the mid-rif and meseraicks and sweet-breads being a kernelly substance Wee saw the blind-gut a thumb-breeth long the other guts are uniform but winding and brittle The reins large bigger then a great nut wherein are a few creeks through which the pisse is strained We saw the vein porta with it's meseraick and Spleen-branch hereout sprouts the coeliacus a branch compassing the stomack and conveys the melancholy humour thither to provoke appetite We saw the vein ascendent pearcing the mid-rif and reaching the heart and set into the right side thereof Wee saw the peerles vein-branched from the hollow vein by the heart and turning backagain and descending by the backbone on the right side which sends forth sprigs to the ribs to nourish them The liver is distinguished by six strings out of the midst of two of them on the right side goes the gall forth the bottome shews like a bolt-eye The gall-bag hath two branches the one passes from the liver to the duodenum carrying the dregs away The other running back to the bladder to be kept there In the duodenum foure fingers below the pores called cholidochi is found a worme little but of the bignes of the ureteries from the sides of the ascendent hollow veine descends a sinnew to the fleshy ringlet of the diaphragm and another on the left side proped with the thin skins of the sharp artery conveying feeling to the diaphragm We saw the turnagainsi news which propagated from the sixth conjugation of sinews are set in at the head of the sharp artery the one on the left turning upward about the great artery the other about the branches of the arterie tending toward the throte the heart with a double lappet on the right and left side the right is greatest and blackish the left of the colour of the heart The heart hath a right venticle to beget vitall spirits and a left one whether the vein-blood is conveyed and it hath foure large vessells the first is the hollow ascending vein which is set into the left eare the third the arteriall vein containing blood having a double coat whence it hath the name this is set into the lungs to nourish them The fourth is a vein-vein-artery set into the left ventricle of the heart to convey to the brain blood prepared there to beget animal spirits In the right venticle are lappets or partitions which keep in the blood and so in the left The lungs have six fins Wee saw the inner-muscles about the larynx or the head of the sharp artery which being inflamed breed a squincy There are kernells in the yard like a Cats-tongue Wee marked the passage leading to the bladder The Cats brain-pan hath red streaks like veins the inner-eare is rarely fashioned whereof they have such use to listen and looked and prey by night Herein we marked the communion between the great artery and the great vein where the first parting is into the bowels I beleeve it is common to all living creatures what I observe in the tame Cats-back bone for with the own membranes it being covered at the end that which answer the hard menynx the inner sends forth nerves from it self but since there are companies of them like strings we note that they having passed a little way meet as in one knot as we in top of grain And since those severall strings are covered with the same skins if you strain one you spoyl the other till they come to the knot In one rib of the house cat was noted a round knob like a tree-knot the midst whereof being broken asunder was porose and full of pits with drops of blood My fellow dissecters doubted whether it was the breach of a bone in anatomizing or some error in the first shaping and superfluous stuffe In a man on the flat part of the forehead bone that lies between the two eybrows ly equally on the right root of the nose Bruize but that bone or peirce it you find two long pits passing sidelings above under the skull and below blind ones with partitions These are doubtlesse the chambers of smelling where the breath is as also in the ear which is but of late discovered That which strengthens my opinion is that in a hound these cells are broader and more conspicuous then in man dogs excelling in sent This is not found in a Monky perhaps because he needs not excell in that sense THE NATURALL HISTORY OF THE FOURFOOTED BEASTS THE FOVRTH BOOKE Of the Fourfooted Creatures that have toes and spring of an Egge THE FIRST TITLE Of the skined ones CHAPTER I. Of the Frog ARTICLE I. Of the VVater-Frogs THus far of the Fourfooted beasts that bring forth living broods those that lay egges follow These are either skined or shelled Those that are covered with skin are the Frog Lizard Salmander Chamaeleon Crocodile c. The Frog is either the water or Land-frog Called Rana either from the summer-croaking ra ra or the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to cry out In Greek Batrachos from his shrill voyce and Boox c. By the Cypriots Brouchetos the Ionians Bathrakos the Phocians Brianchone by those of Pontus Babakos by the late Greeks Bordakos and Gurinos and Brinoi and Parphusides from their puffed-cheeks with croaking It is an Amphilium living both in water and on land afore not fleshy but behind the hinder-legs nature hath made thick and longer the fore-legs They have five toes long skined between to help their swimming The Shee is biggest they have no neck the belly white the tong as infants tied afore but loose by the throat the milt small the liver imparted into three laps whereunder on each side part of the lungs is seen frothy not very bloudy the guts knotly the testicles and other parts like those of other beasts In England are no green ones but they abound in Germany Italy especially in Bononia They swarm so in the waterish places of Egypt that they would destroy all if the storks did not devour them They are said to be dumb in the Island Seriphus and Cyrene perhaps because the water is cold They are in streams but delight in puddles where bulrushes reeds and sea-gras grows They are ever found
not round like the Leopards the foot cloven like the oxes The upper-lip hangs far over the lower The tayl is thin and small hairy at top He hath a mane like a horse reaching from the back to the top of his head He seems to halt as he goes now on the right side anone on the left but on legs and sides wagling and when he would either eat or drink any thing from the ground hee straddles wide afore and bends his legs otherwise he cannot eat His tongue is two foot long of a darke violet-colour round as an eel wherewith he licks in boughs leaves grasse nimbly and even undiscernally Purchas out of Fernando the Jesuite writes that he is so vast and tall that a man on horseback can passe under his belly he is found in Africa among the Troglodites and in Ethiopia Caesar the Dictator made them first a part of his Shew at Rome After him Gordianus shewed 10. Aurelia also led some of them in Triumph The Ethiops presented one to Leo the Emperor A Sultan of Babilon another to Frederick and another Sultan another to Laurence de Medices His keeper can easily lead him with a head-stall as he list The Jews might not eat of them whence perhaps they come to abound so in Judaea CHAPTER IV. Of the foure-footed Beasts that chevv not the Cud. ARTICLE I. Of the Swine THe Latines give the Swine five names Sus Porcus Scropha Verres Majalis in English the Sow the Hog the Barrow-hog the Boar. Sus the Sow in Greeke Us common also to the Boar. Of old called Thysus from Thyein to sacrifice since a Swine in the rites of Ceres was offered and in entring covenant and in Hetruria at marriages by the new-wedded couple The like did the ancient Latines and Greeks in Italy for the women the nurses chiefly called the female nature Choiron which signifies a swine and one that deserves a good marriage Porcus a porke from Spurcus wallowing in the mire The Sabines Poridus the name they give brawn Scropha is a Sow that hath of◠had pigs Verres is the Boar or Boar-pig Majalis is as the gelding among horses or the capon among pullen Hybridae were of old swine half wild or ingendred tween a tame and a wild Wee shall in brief describe the Swine it being so well knowen in the Bones is not much marrow The hairs are stiff and bristly thicker then the Oxes and Elephants amongst us for the most part yellow In France and Italy black most are party-coloured if you observe them well The fat lies betweene the skinne and the muscles called Lard the grease is old or salted or simple The brain is fattish and decreases in the waining of the Moone more then any other beasts The eyes are hollow and sunk not to be taken out without hazard of life no not one onely The eye-brows move downwards toward the nose and are drawn backward toward the temples The tip of the nose is thick the forehead narrow the lips broad the mouth stretched out and broad to root withall called the snout The Sow hath fewer teeth and never sheds them the neck-skin is toughest The Sows hearts are inarticulate In the ears is a moysture like gall of the thicknesse of that of the spleen The stomack is large and winding In the liver are white stones The flesh below the navell is without bone The Sow hath many paps on a double row having many Pigs to suckle the best twelf the common ones two lesse Of their genitals see Aristotle Their tayl is crooked they have no ancle and are a middle-kinde between the whole and cloven-footed They have ten ribs The Sow hath circular gristles whereof read Severinus In the small guts of one he hath seen two wormes one a palme another a finger long both hollow and full of white juice as chile or first milk both shaped like an earth-worme Learn hence how worms breed in and cleave to our bowels The thin skin of the Sow is of the same colour with the hair He anatomized a Sowes belly and found in the utmost ends certain thin skins wherein it seems were preserved the superfluities of dregs and pisse The navel-vein is parted near the womb the navel-vessels first bend toward the left pinion then encompassing the neck croswise they lead back toward the right leg In the Birth almost all the bowels are conspicuous the Liver Stomack Bowels Milt Reins Mid-rif Heart Lungs The heart whitish the Lungs liver-coloured the Liver dark-red the Reins great according to the proportion of the vein appearing by the right forefeet but more by the hinderfeet the throat veins that ascend to the head are of the shape of a lambda λ In a perfect shaped pig the breast laid open by two crosse-sections you see two sinews that passing through the throat and cleaving to the heart-skin descend directly through the sides of the heart to the mid-rif by whose sinewy-ringlet they are fastned through two or three branches or sprigs whence passeth another to the upper-mouth of the stomack Here perceive you plainly the severing of the axillary vein and the thymiaean The lappets of the heart are hollow divided from the forepart of the heart conjoyned behind The passage of the urine from the bottom of the bladder after two fingers bredth is set into the arteries At the end of the yard is a round kernel and two in the neck of the bladder c. In the Stomack is a slimy juice like bird-lime or the white of an egg in the bowels another like thin hony A vain unparallel'd runs along the back-bone branching toward the severall ribs Swine are found every where among us In Strabo his time Gual was so full of them that they furnished Rome the best came pickled thither from Lions So good were at Syracuse that Sicilian-cheese and Syracusan-porke grew into a proverb Solinus saith there are none in Arabian Aelian that there are none in India and if brought thither they dy In the Southland there are none of the four-footed beasts that are in our world except Buffles Cows Goats and Hogs Swine eat all things plants fruits roots acorns chestnuts dates grane bran what not Beech-acorns make Sows lively and pork light of digestion the Holmed-acorns make them well trussed and weighty and plump the Oken ones well spread large and heavy Fast flesh but hard comes from Mast. Holmberries are best given a few at once Acorns from the Esculus the Oke the Cork make light spungy pork The Haliphlaei give them acorns only when they want other food Pliny among chestnuts commends those with a stony shell In Egypt Cyprus Syria and Seleucia in Assiria they are fatned with dates The Ash-fruit also fattens them Dry Cytisus is commended by Aristomachus the Athenian Scalions they eat in Bavaria Wild rape also have leaves like a violet sharp a white root not without milk Henbane makes
been kept fasting 8 dayes afore In the left rein saith he I found above a three corner'd passage fastened to the side by a double thin skin in the bowels many long round wormes the lappings that folded in the hair fair ones the gall-bag great the hide thick the flesh smells like a Fox none eat it The Coati is a Brasile-Fox as big as a Cat with short thighs and hands like a Baboon coped-headed Fox-eared the mouth shorter below then above long and sharp muzzled nostrils wide and cloven eyes black the tail longer then the body which he sets up and crooked with ringlets on it raried with shadow and oker Eating he holds his meat in his forefeet He can climb the tops of trees The Laet saith he kept one tame that would take meat out of his mouth but when he began once to gnaw his tail he could not be kept from it till he had eaten it all up and so died CHAP. II. Of the Ape THe Ape in Latine Simiae or Simius from the flat nose or from imitating or his resembling of us Festus calls them Clunas The Greeks Pithekos from being easily perswaded to imitate man Emimoo from the gestures Arimos in the old tongue of the Hetruscis Bates from climing-trees Kalliar by the Laconians Hairy it is above and below back and belly the hair is thick nosed eared toothed like a man two paps on the breast armes like a man but hairy which he can use and turne as wee fingered toed nayl like man but those ruder he steps like us but treads more backward arms short and thighs answerable he hath something hard like a navell slenderer in the lower parts they want a tayl as being two legged creatures the heart is Pyramide-wise some found with two tops veins arteries like ours the vein that goes into the right-lappet of the heart and then into the right breast is in them above the heart those that are joyned to the reins are widest and passe to the stones the substance of the eare is unmoveable In many parts he is like a man and in many unlike as in the breast and arme-muscles and those that move the elbow and thigh those within the hands and feet in the mid-rif lungs as also in the bones for in the loins are six turning-joynts the shoulder-joynt is far from the breast the thighs tend not streight toward the back-bone thence it is that going on the hind-feet hee waggles his feet are hollow the toes much cloven Bred they are in the eastern and other warm parts as in Lybia Mauritania in that part of Mount Caucasus that looks toward the Red-Sea in the Kingdome of Basman in the tract between Egypt Ethiopia and Lybia In the Indian-hills were so many that they scared Alexanders army often In Basman they kill them pluck off the hair all but from the chin dry them and embalm them and sell them to merchants for mermen They like hilly better then low-land therefore they frequent the hils of Enisa They love herbs and barley they go by troops to the ripe eares They eat lice also from men and worms and spiders apples nuts but if the paring or she ll be bitter they cast all away they love flesh also after eating whereof they shed their hair They drink wine too They gender in Spring when day and night is of a length and beare a coupled about the summers solstice The hee is reported to huge one for love and to leave another with the shee and never to looke after it Being led through towns they run a madding after women They hold friendship with daws and conies but dis-agree with cocks tortoyses snails c. A noble man in England kept one that keeps his Rabbits from Weesels When a Parricide was sewd in a sack they used to put in with him a Cock an Ape and Viper that the Ape might fall on the Cock and the Viper avoiding the Cock might seaze the man At Rome one of them spying an Ape on a boys head was so scared that he pist and shit He dares not touch a Snayl They are troubled with the hernia or bursting having a heavy kall and with the falling-sicknesse and inflammation of the liver spleen bladder c. Ill disgestion c. Galen anatomised a leane one and found in the skin about the heart a praeternaturall swelling with moysture in it such as Hydatides writs did use to send forth I say nothing of their biting it is said to be venemous Avicen to prevent rancling prescribes a playster of ashes with hony and bitter almonds They hide their meat in their cheeks whence by degrees they fetch it to chew They are extreame lustfull and will gender with Lions They remember a wrong long some say they soon forget when tamed they shew their young to every one They severally affected at diverse seasons of the yeare jolly and gamesome at new Moon very lumpish and dogged afore So soon as they find approaching death or any infections diseased you may heare from them an unusuall snuffling in the noce Whence Crollius thinks Physitians learn the pulses of arteries they go awray or sideling Some can guide a cart and play at chesse One seeing a nurse wash and winded a child when shee was absent undrest it washt it in scalding water and killed it They are taken by imitating what they see hunters do They never are so tame but that they quickly go wild again They love to play with children and dogs but if you look not to them they shall choak them or breake their necks They will make themselves drunk The Zabeces and Zygantes of Africa eat them Rhasis judgeth it but cold and harsh flesh The heart roasted and boyled with hony-comb is said to sharpen memory They differ in shape colour neck hair and bulk Some have tayls some none some are gray-headed Some among the Orsei in India are white Polus saith some go upright To these may be refered the Orang-outang brought out of Angola presented to Frederick Henry Prince of Orange Tulp calls it a Wild-man long as a child of three years old thick as one of six square bodied nor fat nor slender but very active and nimble having such well trust limbs and great muscles that he durst attempt any thing and do what not all smooth afore and shaggy black behind faced as a man flat and crooked-nosed eared like a man two fair swelling paps were on the breast like a womans for it was a female the navell deep and limmed so like a man that an egge is scarsely liker an egge resembling man in elbows fingers thumbs thighs calves heels Shee walked oft upright and with ease could hoyst up and beare a burden Being to drinke shee with one hand took the can by the eare and put the other under and wiped her lips handsomly after Going to ly down she
and thence the venome comes Q. Scaurus was the first who set their flesh afore his guests at his sumptious Feasts the Romans held them for delicates whence their Gliraria or Dormouse pens They are thought best and fattest from October to January and the younger the better meat In Phisick they have also place Eating the flesh frees from dog-hunger the fat provokes sleep if you annoint the soles of the feet therewith the dung drunke breaks the stone the same with vineger and rosemary cures shedding the hair the ashes cleare the eye-sight There are severall kinds of them There is among the Allobroges the Savoyards and the Tarantesians such a beast that sleeps a great part of the year and is of a delicate taste In East-India are some as big as Pigs that overturne houses and digge through walls There are some reddish-haired senting like Musk. In Chiapa is a litle beast the bignes of a Cony shaped like a Dor-mouse that when she seeks her food carries her young on her back CHAP. XVII Of Mice ARTICLE I. Of House-Mice MIce we divide into House Field Nut Spider Alpine and Water-mice The first called in Latine Catus and Sorex and Mus from the Greek Mus Ratus is the name of the greater so called from ravening now of late called Riskos in Greek Sorex is from the noise in nibbling like sawing or from the rotten matter that breeds them in the Aeolick Vrax from the muzzle like the Swines-snout by the Thracians Arklos by some Sminthos and Lamas No need of describing the outward parts as for the inner the heart is very great it is said to have no gall Onely in horned-beasts having teeth on one side and in Hares Bats and Mice that have teeth on either side is there a womb having a hollow whereon the embrio hangs in the midst The lappet of their heart is far greater on the right then the left side and that black as gore blood At the stomacks-mouth above is a certain round passage turning back into it selfe having the shape of a Bird turning and hiding the neck and head in the breast The hollow vein rising from the liver wide in the beginning then slenderer but even all along The blind-gut is like a Swines-stomack though lesse The stones as big as a Chickens and the skins hang lower as the testicles and the right is fuller of veins then the left The right rein is nearer to the hollow vein then the left The privy part is gristly with a threefold parting and sharp at end the rest consists of two sinews The bladder-neck hath fair kennels afore the mid-rif is transparant in the middle long and round In a dissected Mouse in the right horn of the womb were found foure young in the left two each had it's cake of flesh round disposed afore the navell and covered Some write there are no Mice in the Isle Parus that about the Castle Slane in Scotland if you bring a great Mouse he dies That there are none in Peru but those that were brought out of Spain with the Merchants-Wares they eat corne bread flesh and pulse oft onjons and garlick they nibble on many cheeses they sup wine and lick oyl If hunger-starved they fall on each other The females can fill themselves with licking of salt which made Pliny think that by licking they gendred But it is certain that they couple and bring many at once hundred-and-twenty at a time And some in Persia have been found with young in the dames belly They breed also out of filth in houses and ships As in India Worms a finger thick breed of a rotten stuf in reed which after turn into Butter-flies and Mice In Jonia through the overflowing of Maeander Mice multiply so that men are fain to shift their dwellings Those that breed of filth gender not or if they doe their young doe not Their noise is squeaking They hold antipathy with elaterium Sea-Onion coloquintida the Weesel Hauke Cats c. but sympathy with sweet majoram to the root whereof they betake themselves when they ail any thing and they agree with Swine for offer a mous-liver in a fig to a Sow she shall follow you without grunting as Pierius Valerian at Padua hath experimented They are quick of hearing and hate light by night because it dazles them In goldsmiths shops they eat fileings of mettles and doubtles disgest them In the Isle Gyarus they drove out the inhabitants and nibled on iron and steel in the iron-mongers shops Golden metalls their bellies can cut through Their pisse sprinkled thereon eats through If they slip to the water they hold by each others tayls so that if one scape all scape Albert saw in the low-countries a Mouse hold the candle to his master at his nod and bidding They differ in bignes colour hair smell and place In Arabia are Mice much greater then Rats Vitriacus speaks of some in the East as big as Foxes Americus found exceeding great ones in a certain Island most are of the colour of the Asse some black some dusk some ash Gesner saw one very white in Germany taken in April with reddish bolt-goggle-eyes and a beard rough and full of rough hairs Scaliger saw another very bright with flaming eyes Albert writes of white and very lustfull and white stones found in their excrements Some are softer haired then others and some as bristled and sharp as Hedge-hogs in the region of Cyrene and a kind of Mice are called Echines Hedge-hogs The dung of some is sweet In Italy is a kinde called Moschardine from their sent Bellonius saw one that lived on Hoscyam-seed onely white-bellied ash-coloured backed long-bodied and tayled and sword-mouthed called Skalopes by the Scholiast on Aristophanes In Cappadocia is a kind called Muexis ARTICLE II. Of water-Mice and other wilde Mice VVIlde Mice live abroad called Nitedulae they with their feet dig themselves holes The field-Mice are called Arouraiâ—us the wood-Mice Agrious They abound no where so as in Egypt Neare Thebes after the overflow of Nilus in warm weather they come numberles out of the clefts of the ground Between Gazara and Belba they swarm so that were they not devoured by the Perenopters Birds they would eat up all kinds of seeds they devoure Hops Parsnips and the roots of all sorts of Pulse they affect Artichokes most In the year 1271. they destroyed all kind of Grain so that a great dearth ensued In the North they lurk under the snow and feed on worms They are in some places bred after sudden rains and floods The forepart of a Mouse hath the full shape the hinder not Sometimes they propagate of seed It hath happened that when the movers have intended to reape a field next
Latine name is Felis comes from Phaelos cozener-deceitfull impostor or Ailis flatterer in the Aeolick dialect Phailis called catus Cat from cautus wary In Greeke Ailouros from flattering with the tayl A knowen beast found almost everywhere At first probably wilde The greatest all say are bred in Iberia among the Tartessians they feed on flesh fish Mice birds snakes and kill toads In Cyprus they hunt Vipers and Chameleons They ly in wait also for leverts and spare not their owne kind In Bononia they are known to play with kitlings and then rend and eat them They live six years sometimes ten the gelded longer In Europa they go a caterwalling most what in January and February In India all the year long The females in gendring ever wawl whether for pain or that the Hee scratches them He stands she lies The shee s are most lustfull They kitten after two months or six and fifty dayes The march breed is prefered those in August not for the fleas They kitten five or six at once The Shee is fondest of the kitlins the Hee oft kills them to make the Shee covet others and affect him They hate mice toads serpents Fox-geese eagles rew their own gall sweet smells and wet With rew you may drive them from your Dove-cotes sents of ointments sometimes make them run mad Duck them a while and you drown them On the contrary they willing rub themselves with setwol and delight in mint The Shee casts her kitlins if her male mate be killed We meet with singular passages about their qualities Cats eyes wax and wain with the moon nay the sun and stars breed changes in in their ey-balles In the morning they are stretched out at noon are they round at sun-set duller Cardan imputes it to want of muscles that they cannot govern their eyes as they list They glister by night Carry them in a bag far from home they come back again They stay in the old house though you remove They love to be stroaked subtile they are How slily they steal upon birds How softly they tread and catch mice how they watch them They bury their own dung knowing that the sent discovers them some especially in Spain Holland Brabant eat them as tasting like Hare Their breath is pestilent and breeds consumptions and no mervail for the brains are ranke poyson and made an Uratislavian Girl mad as Weinrichius I thinke relates In Phisick they have place The ashes of the head burnt in a pot and blown into the eyes clears them the flesh sucks weapons out of the body and eases emrods and back-ache the liver burnt to powder easens the stone the gall fetches away a dead child the fat is smeared on gouty parts the pisse stiled helps the thick of hearing the dregs of the paunch with rosin and oyl of roses in a suppository stops womans flux of blood Some mince the flesh and stuf a fat Goose with it and salt and rost it by a soft fire and distill it and annoint gouty joints with successe The fat keeps iron from rusting nothing better There are tame and wild and outlandish cats Among the tame the Spanish are greediest nimblest and have softest skins Among the exotiques or outlandish the Syrian are cheefe and divers round mouthed strong big-breasted large footed and content with a little meat The wild are bigger then the tame their hair thicker and longer dark-coloured the tail thicker They feed on birds and other living things Perfume of rew drives them from trees In Malabar they live on trees nothing so fleet as they They are best at leaping and even fly without wings They stretch forth a thin skin from afore to behind when they would fly and then draw it together and hover in the air when they rest they draw it up to their belly There is also a kind of cat in India black-haired here and there bright hairs the muzzle long ears small thighs short the tail streakt and striped with black and white The powder helps feavers Then there are monstrous cats one sort hath misshapen another six feet In Singui is a beast like a Cat haired like a Deer with many toes two teeth in either chap of the greatnesse of two fingers having a fleshy bladder near the navell full of blood senting like musk We have put the print of it down like a Cat very coped-headed In dissecting a Cat are found these observables The milt resembles the lower part of an oare The neck of the gall-bag hath very swoln veins at the bottome come down streight veins running outward two sinews are on the sides of the sharp artery on either side one descending to the upper-mouth of the stomack sending also branches to the said sides of the sharp artery The said sinews are knit by one common nerve descending awry then are set into the left side of the stomack tied by many strings where the sharp artery first parts appeare great kernels and some small ones white red ash-coloured mixed In the sharp artery are half circles parted as in man but behind wrapped in a double coat the one outward and fleshy the other inner and sinewy sprouting from the circle-brims In the heart are lappets-party-coloured the right more spotted with black and white then the left besides the right is thicker and rounder the left slenderer and longer like the dogs both hollow and stringy In the right creek of the heart is fold like net-worke longer and plainer to be seen then that in the dog but not with such laps The great artery is almost in the midst of the heart inclining to the left side The inner-coat of the stomack is rough all along like the plaits in an oxes paunch turning up into a round Those tunicles are very fast tied to the upper orifice of the stomack the pleats ly crosse The Liver is coloured like that of the dog-fish In the eare-bone a shell a maze a little window a ring a round muscle three small bones and a stirrop but not bored through In the brain are three creeks two round with net-folds In the eye the uvea or thin skin cleaves not afore to the cornea or horne-tunicles whence the lesse dilatation to this greater kinde in that part is the uvea coloured like a pale leaf The optick nerve is almost in the midst inclining downward the outter thick skin somewhat covering the eye as in the Cock In the Heecat we observe that there is something peculiar about the spermatique vessels testicles c. A white streake the third part of a finger broad descending by the right side of the paunche lies under the muscles of the Peritonaeum the membrane is very thin the Peritonaeum under the ensie forme or sword is fat The Kall is very fast tied to one right liverstring and to the spleen and stomack and the gut duodenum like a
elsewhere none it hath blood only in the heart and about the eyes the bowells are without spleen The lungs take up almost the whole body Thus Arist. and Pliny Others write that from the midst of the head backward there sticks out a three cornered part bony and the rest afore is hollow as a pipe the brims on both sides sticking out bony and sharp as a saw-teeth It moves not the ey-balls it is ever gaping hath a long tongue like that of an earth-worm at the tip is a spungy glewly knot wherewith it preys In stead of teeth and gums it hath one continued bone knaged the upper-lip is shortest the throat and artery like the Lizards the heart as big as a house-mouses the liver hath two lappets the left greatest the gall-bag as big as a barly corn cleaving to the left liver-lappet bowelled as a Lizard the forefeet very different from the hinder the forefeet having three toes inward two outward the hinder three outward and two inward It is from the snowt to the dock seven or eight fingers long five fingers high it hath about sixteen ribs bending between the bottome of the belly and the ridge of the back and it is spotted like a Leopard the teeth stand comlily he hath but one gut with bendings the excrement moyst unlesse near the fundament the liver parted on the bunchy side pouring the blood into the hart that hath ears and not veins the lungs being puffed passes into a thin skin reaching round almost through the whole body there is no rim at the belly bottome onely a thin skin severing the right from the left parts He hath no milt no bladder no reins to be seene but small bits of flesh that it may be are genitals the tongue is near a foot long They are in Asia Africk India and Madagascar They sit on the garden hedges at grand Cair by the banks of Nile as also on bramble-bushes Of old they were thought to live on air but they prey on flies locusts but they fancy most the worms in meal tubs They keep above for fear of serpents and vipers They use their tongue as a trunk darting it forth with that nimblenesse that you can hardly perceive it by the means of a small forke bone planted on either side the ends of the jaws the tongue is hollow like a gut which he can infold and unfold at pleasure at the end is a slimy bit of flesh to prey withall Peirescius kept eight of them to observe their breeding there were in one female within a thin skin above a hundred egges some as big as an olive kernell all yolk no white seen in them yet resembling milk They hold enmity with the hauk which will dy it is thought if he but tast a Chamaeleon and a crew also unlesse bay-leave fence him The Elephant is fabled by Solinus to swallow them they being of the colour of the leaves and they cost him his life unlesse he help himself by wild olive Fear of vipers and serpents makes him live on shrubs and trees His spittle let down on a serpents head like a limed thread kills him Wild figs make him wild who is otherwise harmlesse He turns his whole dy about sits high ever gaping when dead hee is pale In winter he hides himself as Lizards use By nature he admirably changes colour but in eyes and tail and whole body according to the colour of what lies next except red and white yet Ambrosine affirms from a Gentlemans testimony that he changes to white But Peirescius his eight changed not colour Whether they be green or ash they put on a black if you turn them to the sun or fire It is strange that their eyes being combined move not but one looking any way the other is fixed or bends the other way which deflection comes from the four pullies in them there being no distinction of Iris but only a ball wherein the horny part ends which is glistring and various as the rest of the body Those of Cochin eat them They bind many together and sell them being bought they are cast into the fire and roasted Flea one the flesh is very clear which they seeth in a liquour like our butter Sod away with oyl in a new earthen pot it drives away an Epilepsy It makes a rare oyntment for the gout see the composition in Trallianus The tongue hanged on helps memory and women in child-birth the gall stops fluxes The hart wrapt in black-wool first shorn helps a quartan ague to omit fables about raising storms making mute c. with the heart tongue c. you must know it is Pliny who though learned and usefull studied too much to delight men In Egypt they are pale In Arabia much smaller and of another colour as bright yellowish and red-spotted Wee have given here the shapes of the pale and black Chamaeleons CHAPTER VIII Of the Crocodile HE is a kind of Lizard so called from dreading the shores The Aegyptians terme him Chempsa the Turks thence Kimsak Kircher Picharouki Statius the Pharian wild-beast others Tenchea In Arsinoë Suchus in India Cayman It resembles a Lizard it is of a Saffran colour but white-bellied and there soft-skined elsewhere musket proofe Some have been seen six and twenty cubites long By Panama there are some of above a hundred foot The head is broad the snowt as a swines the gape reaches to the ears the eyes sharp and piercing and like a hogs he hath a rew of great bright strong teeth like a comb about sixty in all more in the upper jaw and sticking out seen when the mouth is shut The tongue cleaves and is uselesse The under jaw he stirs not the testicles cling to the inner-loyns The back-bone is made up of sixty turning joynts tied by as many sinews the claws are very sharp bending somewhat toward the sides the tail is of the length of the rest of the body wherein is a finne of seven fingers to the end M. Scaurus was first who in his Edil-ship shewed five in his plays in an Euripus made for the time They are found in Africa Asia and America especially in Nilus and neighbouring pools in Niger in Ganges about Bengala in the river Bambotus near Atlas and not far from Chalcedon but small ones They love warm waters In Peru are none till you come to Pacra then they are frequent Some live in miry plashes on fish but are most greedy after mans flesh They prey also on beasts on land There was one taken that had swallowed three young ones About Arsinoë they were held holy and nourished of old by the Priests with bread flesh and wine Some gave them dainties rost-meat and mingled drinks The Shee lays sixty egges as big as Goose-egges and by a kind of divination where the Nile when it swells comes not Shee lays and hatches sixty in sixty daies Gyllius