Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	artery_n	blood_n	lung_n	3,010	5	11.3115	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B05906	The parfait mareschal, or Compleat farrier. Which teacheth, I. To know the shapes and goodness, as well as faults and imperfections of horses. II. The signs and causes of their diseases, the means to prevent them, their cure, and the good or bad use of purging and bleeding. III. The way to order and preserve them, when upon travel, to feed, and to dress them. IV. The art of shoeing, according to a new design of shoes, which will recover bad feet, and preserve the good. Together with a treatise, how to raise and bring up a true and beautiful race of horses: as also instructions, whereby to fit all kinds of horses with proper bits, whereof the chief draughts are represented in copper-plates. / Written originally in French by the Sieur de Solleysel Escuyer, sometime one of the overseers of the French Kings Royal Academy of Riding, near to the Hostel de Conde in Paris. And translated from the last Paris impression, by Sir William Hope of Kirkliston Kt. Lieutenat Governour of the Castle of Edinburgh. By whom is also added as a supplement to the first part, a most compendious and excellent collection of horsemanship, taken from the best and most modern writers upon that subject, such as Mr. De la Brow, Pluvinel, and the Great Duke of Newcastle. Part I.; Parfait mareschal. English. 1696	Solleysel, Jacques de, 1617-1680.; Hope, William, Sir.	1696 (1696)	Wing S4458; ESTC R184351	1,036,506	744

or humour doth so abound that it qui●●● the stomack and then it becometh prejudicial because it is out of its natural place and so troubles the other digestions by hindering them to perform their functio●● and so to fatten the like is also observed in Birds and Wild-fowl in whom this ●cid juice is so penetrating and so quickly dissolves the grain which they swallow that it is in a very short time digested which would be a thing impossible for the● natural heat to perform alone and without the assistance of this Acid This is al●● confirmed in that we see that Wild-Foul by a natural instinct which the Author 〈◊〉 all things hath imprinted in them do most frequently swallow gravel and 〈◊〉 little stones when they do not find a sufficient quantity of food wherewithal to 〈◊〉 their stomacks that so they may blunt and weaken the sharpness of that humour by the● hard substances and thereby keep it from quitting their stomacks for lack of mat●●● whereupon to work and which would impede the other digestions and make the●● become lean According to the quantity and quality of the Food the disposition of the stomack and abundance or scarcity of this acid humour the abovementioned concoction is sooner or latter finished when it is fully perfected the lower part of the stomack openeth and this white digested matter passeth by degrees all along the gutts which are full of plyes and folds that so they may give time to certain small passages that are in a great number joyned to them and which are called Milky Veins to suck in th●● part of it which is most subtile and best prepared these Veins because of their whi●●ness are called Lacteal and are dispersed through the whole Mesentery carrying in them this white liquor into two receptacles which are about the bigness of a small Egg situate in the middle of the same Mesentery betwixt the two productions of the Diaphragm or Midriff and couched upon the Vertebraes of the Loyns from these Reservoirs or receptacles do proceed two small Canals or Conduits which are calied Thoracick because of their situation and Chy●●ducts because of their use the one 〈◊〉 upon the right side and the other upon the left they are about the bigness of● large Swans quill and are lodged upon the body of the Vertebraes of the back 〈◊〉 along the Great Artery and ascending to the Subclavian-vein do there let the Ch●● mix with the Blood which according to the ordinary course of Circulation is 〈◊〉 ried into the right ventricle of the heart to be there converted into Blood Th● white matter is I say carried by passages which are called Lacteal Veins until th● meet with a Channel called the Aorta which is more large and which extends it s● from the Reins all along the back-bone until it come to the upper part of the bre●● and there it discharges it self into several passages or Branches of the great or holl● Vein at which part this Vein forks and divides it self to distribute the Blood 〈◊〉 the Neck and Shoulders These Conduits or passages were luckily discovered near a hundred and twe●● years agoe by one Bartholomew Eustache a Venetian as he was Anatomizing a ho●●● it is not a small advantage to horses that they should have first contributed to the discovery of a part unknown to the Ancients and which is so necessary and useful for our understanding the true and just dispensation of those humours which pass in or Bodies Amongst the moderns Thomas Bartholin was the first who discovered these Canals in men Olaus Rudbek the first who found them out in Dogs and John Pequet the first who writ of them But there are none of these who ascribe the Glory of th● discovery to its true inventor which nevertheless upon this consideration deserve very well that these Ducts be called Eustachien although in men they are at prese● called Thoracick or Chyliducts but in horses I think they should carry the name of th● Famous Horse-Anatomist The Chyle or this white liquor ascending by these Eustachien Canals discharge it self into the veins and by degrees mixes with the Blood which according to the o● der of Circulation discovered in this Age by Dr. Harvy ane English-man desce●● and is carried to the right Auricle of the heart to be there converted with the 〈◊〉 into Blood from whence it is again driven or forced by the the Systole or compresing motion of the heart to go into the Lungs by help of the Pulmonary Artery from the Lungs it is carried back again to the left Ventricle by the Pulmonary Vein which hath Anastomoses that is Communications with the Pulmonary Artery there it is rectified and perfected and from thence sent to the great Artery from which it runs and is Communicate to all the parts of the Body for their Nourishment where it at last by Anastomoses reenters the veins which through diverse passages bring it again to the heart and by a continual and reiterated circulation performed by many Towrs and Windings it is at last made absolutely perfect with the rest of the Blood so you see that the Blood purifies it self from many useless and Superfluous parts which nature separates and rejects and being thus purified and subtilized furnishes those Spirits which are the first Administrators of Life and the chief and principal instruments of all our Actions There is no probability that this white juice passes all of it through the veins and is wholly converted into Blood which is red because horses are composed of several white parts which require the nutriment of a humour which doth somewhat resemble them so that in that case it would be but labour in vain to turn white matter to red that behoved afterwards to become white for Nature is not accustomed to give her self such unnec●ssary difficulties for example in the production of Milk in Mares which proceeds directly and immediatly from Chyle without having been first Blood as the Ancients believ'd who thought it to be only Blood blanched by vertue of the breasts or Teats and which people have certainly found since that it is not but that milk is immediatly formed of Chyle However whether this be so or not the change of it into Blood and the the perfecting of this conversion passes for the Second concoction The Third concoction which we are to consider is performed in each particular part of the Body which converts the humour that is most conform to it into its proper substance that so it may repair what it loseth every moment and this concoction or digestion is termed Assimilation which is properly what we call Nourishment Each of these Concoctions have their particular excrements these of the first are the Ordour or dung those of the second is the Urine which passeth through the Reins and is carried and conveyed by the Ureters into the Bladder to these People sometimes add the Bile or Gall which is separate from the rest in the Liver

their horses after they have received a Glyster oblige th● to render it too soon which is quite contrary to the design of giving it which that he may retain it a reasonable time It signifieth but little to stop a horses f●●ment with Hay or to tye down his Dock to hinder him to render it for I assure 〈◊〉 none of these foolish methods will prevent a horses voyding his Glyster if he 〈◊〉 an inclination to it however if he could be made to keep it a full hour it would so much the better The common Purgatives made use of in Glysters are the Electuaries Diapr●● solutivum de Psillo Diaphenicon and benedicta laxativa Nicolas People put commonly but two ounces or four at most of any of these Electuarie a Glyster which will but purge very gently therefore if you intend to purge y● Horse soundly you must give him in a Glyster at least seven or eight ounces of the which the Apothecaries will not give at too easie a rate unless the Drugs be spoilt not faithfully made up therefore when you design that your Horse should be 〈◊〉 purged it is always fit to add to the Glyster an English pint of Emetick Wine w●● will be both cheaper and have more effect than these preceeding Electuarie or otherways in place of it Polychrest or the Scorie and refuse of the Liver of A●●ny the Urine of a healthful Man or that of a Cow if you have the conveniency it or lastly as I have already directed mix an ounce of Sene with the decoction or otherways one or two Coloquint Gourds shred very small together with an ounce and a half of the above-mentioned Polychrest or Scorie of Antimony Besides these Glysters I have been describing there are a number of others in 〈◊〉 2d part of this Book that are appropriat to the different Diseases and therefore 〈◊〉 may have recourse to them when needful I shall not here set down the places 〈◊〉 they are to be found because the composition of all kinds of Glysters is so very 〈◊〉 that it is scarcely worth a mans pains to turn over to the Chapters where they are 〈◊〉 down Glysters are of so great use for the preservation of Horses health and the cureing of their Diseases that we have no remedy which equals them for a Glyster given a● a certain time will save a horse's life but then there must be at least two English Quarts of it Feavers and the excessive beating of the Flanks are rarely allayed both the use of good Glysters often reiterate at least people are sure that if they make 〈◊〉 sensible alteration to the better yet at least they refresh and give a great deal of 〈◊〉 and never did a Glyster given orderly and according to method prove preju●● to any Horse whatsoever CHAP. LXVII Of blooding Horses and the Benefite thereof NAture finding her self opprest with a violent Distemper CHAP. LXVII Of Blooding Horses and its use doth many 〈◊〉 by her own proper strength without any other assistance whatsoever 〈◊〉 charge her self of that burden wherewith she was opprest sometime the Flux of the Belly other times by the Flux of Urine many times again by 〈◊〉 and at other times slowly by insensible transpiration but it sometimes also happ●● that she delivers her self of her trouble by a great loss of blood which is that has ●●●ed Physicians to trace Nature foot by foot and to procure sometimes one kind 〈◊〉 vacuation and sometimes another according to the quality of the Humor offend●● and the place where it lurks it is certain there is no evacuation so ready so easy so agreeable and so beneficial as blood-letting which is made by an incision of a Vein which gives a free passage for the blood to issue forth By the word Blood I don't strictly understand that choice and perfectly prepared fourth Humor so called because as the Lance does not particularly make choice of it we are therefore to understand thereby the whole Mass of the Blood which is contained in the Veins and Arteries this Mass sometimes preserves it self in such an equal condition that it produces the Sanguine complexion without degenerating unto either Bile Phlegm or Melancholy but however does not fail to exceed in quantity to be subject to Inflammation or Corruption and to run either too slowly or to precipitate it self upon some part of the body and overcharge it and it is from this that all the Reasons and Indications for Blood-letting are taken But before I give you the Reasons which oblidge to let Blood I shall in a few words explain how Blood is produced in the bodies of Animals according to the most probable and curious Opinion although called New by many of the old Physicians for I fancied I would satisfie the curiosity of many People by inserting here this Opinion which is founded upon many Experiments the most convinceing in the World To comprehend then how the Blood is made you must know that the substance of a Horses body is subject to a continual dissipation by reason of the natural heat which incessantly acts against its radical moisture therefore Nature to repair that diminution of its proper Substance hath given to Creatures a natural Appetite which excites the animal appetite for in time of hunger the parts sucking and mutually drawing their nourishment from one another there is made a divulsion and consequently a sense of feeling which giveth them no rest until that appetite be satisfied Being in this condition they take food cut it and grind it with their teeth then they kned or mix it with the help of their Spittle and by the assistance of their Tongue throw it unto the Stomack there to be boyled and converted into a white liquor called Chyle The animal Appetite being satisfied and the breaches repaired which were made by fasting the inferior orifice of the Stomack opens and suffers the Chyle to run into the small guts from whence it is suckt by an infinite number of white Veins called by reason of their whiteness Lacteal which are dispersed through the whole M●sentery and carry the Chyle into two reservoirs or receptacles about the bigness of a Hens Egg situate in the middle of the same Mesentery betwixt the two productions of the Diaphragm and couched all along the Vertebraes of the Loins from these reservoirs do arise two Ducts or Channels called Thoracick because of their Situation or Chyleducts because of their use the one is upon the right side and the other upon the left and are about the bigness of a large writing Quill they lye all along the great Artery which is couched upon the body of the Vertebraes of the Back and ascending to the Sub-clavian Veins there suffer the Chyle to mix with the blood which comes from the brain to be according to the order of Circulation thrown into the right Ventricle of the heart to be there changed into blood from whence it is again driven into the lungs through

the Pulmonary Artery when the Heart compresses it self from the lungs it is carried to the left Ventricle by the Pulmonary Vein which hath Anastomoses or Communications with the Pulmonary Artery where it is perfected and made more pure then it is sent into the great Artery from whence it runs into all the parts of the body for their nourishment This is a succinct deduction of the new Opinion concerning Sanguification let us now come to those Reasons which oblige us to take blood 1. The First Reason that obliges us to blood a Horse is Plenitude Reasons for Blood letting which is nothing else but an immoderate and excessive quantity of blood there are two kinds of it one when the Vessels are so very full of blood that they can scarce contain it without bursting the other when there is more blood than is needful for the entertainment of the parts so that Nature cannot govern it omne énim nimium naturae inimicum for although there be no great fear of the Rupture of a Vein yet so great a quantity of blood rarely fails to oppress and over-heat the Body 2. The Second Reason is the excessive heat of the blood which causes it to sparkle in the Veins in this case blooding refreshes and appeases the boiling of it 3. The Third Reason that obliges us to let blood is that we may take away the corrupt Humors contained in the Veins which by their putrefaction can only produce bad effects therefore nature being eased by this evacuation doth the more easily digest the rest 4. The Fourth Reason is that when the blood hath not liberty enough to run and pass freely through its vessells blooding gives it vent and so facilitates its motion 5. The Fifth Reason is to make a revulsion by altering its course when it carries it self from one part to another with too great impetuosity and in too much bundance now in this case people either endeavour to retard its course or to p●cure another for it quite another way 6. The sixt and last reason for Blood-letting is to give ease and releif to any 〈◊〉 that is overcharged with Blood and which is performed by Blooding the 〈◊〉 afflicted Now although the Mass of the Blood which comprehends all that is containe in the Veins doth degenerate into Bile Phlegm or Melancholy yet nevertheless people do not scruple to take Blood for if it be Bilious it stands in need of refresh●● and cooling and then it must be taken often and but a little at a time If the Veins be full of Melancholick Blood then there will be a necessity to 〈◊〉 but a little at a time and also blood seldom only to facilitate the course of the to thick Blood If the Blood be Phlegematick crude slow and Cold then it must 〈◊〉 taken in a less quantity than when it is in any other disposition Blood-letting hath also its inconveniencies when it is practised unseasonably 〈◊〉 then it maketh a revulsion of the Spirits which are the source of strength and of the Natural heat it 〈◊〉 also taketh away the aliment appointed for the nourishment 〈◊〉 the parts whence it is that a man is to consult a horse's strength to know if 〈…〉 endure blooding and also to consider if the horse be very extenuate for then he would stand more in need to be made up by good feeding then to loss his Blood Blooding is most necessary by way of prevention for all horses which people 〈◊〉 well and cause Labour little It should be done twice a year to preserve the● from those Diseases that proceed from that plenitude which is a burden to them The letting of Blood is very profitable for the cureing of Feavers the Farcy Mange Stroaks of all kinds for defluxious upon any part of the Body the Eyes excepted for the foundering in the Body Vertigo Head-akes and a great many other Diseases However there are some Authors who do not approve of Blooding by way of prevention saying that if people chance to neglect it at that time in which they we accustomed to practise it it would occasion some indisposition to the horse and the therefore a horse should never be bled by way of prevention but in the pale Philippo Scacco in his treatise Di Mescalzia is of this sentiment Seing Blood-letting then cures several Diseases it cannot be doubted but that it is usefull for the preservation of horses from the same Diseases and if you neglect it a any accustomed time then you are in the wrong especially if your horse be either heavy too strongly fed or out of exercise but if otherwise then you are 〈◊〉 tyed to it CHAP. LXVIII At what times Horses should be let Blood NOne I beleive call in question CHAP. LXVIII At what times horses should be bled but that there are some times in the ye● wherein one humor predomines more than another For example 〈◊〉 agree that it is the Blood which predominats in the Spring in the S●mer Bile in Autumn Melancholy and in the Winter phlegm That which is preforme in the space of a year is renewed every six hours which is the time wherein the whole Circulation of the Blood is perfected as an infinite number of experiments have discovered and to explaine it breifly people have remarked that the Heart beats about 4000 times in an hour this motion or beating of the heart is called Systolo and Diastole which is all one with Dilatation and Compression By each Diastole the Heart attracts to it self from the Veins about half a dram of blood and by each Systole sends so much forth from it self into the Arterys all which being exactly calculate a horse will have in his Body about 50. pounds of Blood which will all pass through the two Ventricles of the heart in about six hours space by running from the Veins to the Ventricles and from the Ventricles into the great Artery and in each tour or Circulation that the Blood maketh one of the above-mentioned humors will be predominant in the manner following From midnight to six a clock in the Morning it is the Blood that predominates from six to twelve a clock in the day it is Phlegm from twelve a clock till six at night it is Bile and from six to midnight it is Melancholy This which I affirme may seem to be a Vain discourse without any kind of ground or solid foundation but you may satisfie your self by an easie experiment made after this manner Endeavour to know the temper of your horse and let us suppose him to be bilious then draw Blood of him betwixt twelve a clock in the day and six a clock at night that is to say about four and you will find that as you have made the evacuation in that time wherein Bile did predomine so you will have evecuate a great deal of Bile which will convince you of the truth of what I affirme because it will be almost all Bile whereas if you should

the Hundred thirty sixth Chapter with his ordinary Drink A Clyster for the Palpitation of the Heart accompany'd with Heat Take an Ounce and a half of Sal-Polychrest in Powder with a sufficient quantity of the five softening Herbs the Roots of Sorrel and Bugloss the Seeds of Cucumbers Gourds Citruls and Melons grosly beaten and a small quantity of Anniseed Boil the Ingredients in Water to three Quarts add a quarter of a Pound of fresh Butter four Ounces of Powder-Sugar and half a Pound of Oil of Roses Mix and make a Clyster Another cooling Clyster Boil a sufficient quantity of the softening Herbs with two Ounces of Anniseeds in Powder for half a quarter of an Hour in the Whey of Cow's Milk to two Quarts and to the strain'd Liquor add the Yolks of six Eggs a quarter of a Pound of Butter half a Pound of Honey of Violets and an Ounce of Sal-Gemmae in Powder or for want of that of common Salt Make a Clyster If you perceive no sings of an excessive Heat in your Horse's Body or if he be seiz'd with the Distemper during the Winter you must not let him Blood unless there be a great Oppression For in that case you may open the Veins of the Thighs or that in the Brisket and prepare the following Potion Some of the Clysters and Potions prescrib'd for a Palpitation accompany'd with a violent Heat may serve to cool Horses that are over-heated tho' they be not troubl'd with a Palpitation but you must take care not to cool 'em immoderately I have often advertis'd the Reader that the Constitution of Horses is different from that of Men and you may conclude that their Condition does not require cooling Remedies when after the use of those Medicines the Hair begins to bristle and stare when they lose their Appetite or are seiz'd with a shivering Fit If any of these signs appear you must lay aside the use of cold Remedies and give 'em Cordial Powders or the following Cordial Potion A Cordial Potion for the Palpitation of the Heart Take Carduus Benedictus Sage and Rosemary of each half a handful boil 'em for half an Hour in a Pint and a half of Water to the consumption of half a Pint To the strain'd Liquor add of White-Wine one Pint Juniper-Berries round Birthwort Myrrh and shavings of Ivory of each one Dram Galingal Cinnamon and Cloves of each a Scruple Saffron six Grains all in fine Powder Make your Horse drink this Potion luke-warm then walk him half an Hour and two Hours after give him the above-mention'd Clyster for the dispelling of Wind. Continue in a diligent observance of this Method according to the varietie of Seasons and other Circumstances For his ordinary Food you may give him Bran Hay and Wheat-Bread The Distemper is sometimes very violent but rarely Mortal and Horses that are once seiz'd with it are usually subject to it afterwards CHAP. CXXXIV Of Fevers A Fever in Horses is a preternatural and unusual Heat in the Body proceeding from an Ebullition or violent Fermentation of the Humours which weakens the natural Heat and renders it unfit for the regular discharge of its Functions I cannot explain its nature better than by comparing it to the Ebullition of Wine in a Cask where that Liquor is agitated heated dilated and fermented and if it be straiten'd or have no vent it breaks impetuously thro' all obstacles spreads is Steams and Vapours all around and appears so troubl'd and muddy that we cannot discern the least drop of Wine in the Vessel But after these disorderly Motions all the Impurities that were contain'd in the Wine are separated the Lees fall to the bottom a sort of Scum floats on the top and the Concavity of the Vessel is cover'd with a crusty Substance This is the true Idea and representation of a Fever When an unusual Ebullition or Fermentation happens in the Mass of the Blood from what ever cause it proceeds the Blood is agitated and put into a disorderly Motion it swells and breaks out of the Vessels that are no longer able to contain it it acquires a Heat that is obvious to Sense and fills the whole Body with Steams and Vapours which stupifie the Head and the Mixture of it is so extreamly perverted that when you open a Vein that which runs out of it seems to be corrupt Matter rather than Blood When Nature gets the Victory over her Enemy she separates and expels the impure and superfluous Humours And 't is this struggle of Nature that occasions the burning Heat extream Thirst heaviness of the Body difficulty of Breathing excessive beating of the Arteries and Heart and all that numerous Train of Symptoms which usually accompany Fevers and discover the Nature of the Distemper ' Twou'd be an Undertaking of more Labour and Ostentation than Profit to engage in a long Dissertation concerning the Causes Differences and Effects of Fevers I am resolv'd neither to give my Reader nor my self so much Trouble since few Persons are willing to employ their Time in such nice Enquiries and perhaps their want of Curiosity in this Case ought not to be esteem'd a Fault But I shall omit nothing that may serve to promote the Cure of this dangerous and oftentimes fatal Disease Some pretend to discover by a diligent Observation of the Urine the Progress of Nature in her Conflict with the Distemper and the true State of the Body But this Method is hardly practicable in the Diseases of Horses by reason of the Difficulty of procuring their Urine to make Observations of that Nature The various Distinctions of Fevers into Quotidians Tertians Quartans c. are of no Use in this Case and therefore I shall only take Notice of three Kinds of ' em A simple Fever A Simple Fever is neither attended with a Putrefaction of the Humours nor with any considerable Disorder in the Parts of the Body It proceeds from a slight Ebullition of the over-heated Blood and is easily Cur'd by reason of the few Symptoms that accompany it 'T is frequently seated in the Substance of the Heart or in the Lungs Spleen Liver or Stomach It may be Cur'd without much Difficulty by a seasonable and methodical Application of convenient Remedies A putrid or humoral Fever The second kind is accompany'd with a Putrefaction of the Humours and with a remarkable Indisposition of some part of the Body either internal or external 'T is usually Mortal and since Horses are not very subject to Fevers we may reasonably conclude that so dangerous a kind of 'em proceeds from a violent Cause only it must be acknowledg'd that Beasts have this Advantage over Men that their Natural Appetites are less inordinate and their Food more simple and agreeable to Nature Besides their Brains are not disturb'd with Drinking and their Exercise contributes to the Preservation of their Health A pestilential Fever The pestilential Fever makes a prodigious Havock in a little time It overturns and destroys the Strength of

a Horse in a Moment and finds so little Resistance that it comes very speedily to a Period It proceeds either from the Biting or Stinging of a venomous Creature from the Eating of poisonous Food or from the Infection of the Air which is sometimes so Violent and Contagious that it kills all the Horses in a Stable CHAP. CXXXV Of the Causes and Signs of a Fever FEvers are usually occasion'd by all those things that promote the Ebullition and Fermentation of the Humours and particularly every thing that heats the Body as violent Exercise and the use of hot Aliments especially in Summer to which we may add whatever is apt to breed Fulness or Repletion in the Body which oppresses Nature and renders her unable to subdue those rebellious Humours that stagnate in the Vessels where they are putrefy'd and fermented Sometimes a Fever proceeds from Obstructions in the excretory Passages especially those in the habit of the Body which are very numerous or by a stoppage of the free and natural Motion of the Blood that performs so many Rounds every Day passing from the Heart thro' the Arteries to the Veins and from thence returning to the Heart Thus if a Horse that is heated by hard Riding or any violent Exercise be suddenly expos'd to the cold Air or drink very cold Water the least tendency to a Fever will discover it self and actually break forth into a Distemper which perhaps lurk'd in his Body before And to conclude the least Disturbance in the natural Disposition of the Body is apt on some Occasions to produce a Fever The Signs of a Fever are these A violent Beating in the Flanks Heat of the Mouth Tongue and all the rest of the Body Swelling of the Veins and Beating of the Heart against the Sides The sick Horse breathes thick and with Difficulty reels frequently as he goes seldom lies down and when he is laid starts up suddenly because the Difficulty of Breathing is increas'd by that Posture forsakes his Meat entirely or eats only by Starts takes no notice of those who come near him nor turns his Head tho' you make a noise behind him Takes no care of himself and at last remains immoveable as if he were perfectly stupid and depriv'd of all his Senses His Lips and Ears hang down his Eyes seem sad and shining a sharp and piercing Heat is spread over all his Body and all the Symptoms of a violent Oppression of Nature appear I shall proceed to lay down some general Rules to be observ'd in the Cure of all Sorts of Fevers And first You must keep your Horse to a very spare Diet for if the Fever continue three Days without Intermission you may conclude that he is in extreme Danger and therefore he may well fast or at least be contented with a very small Quantity of Nourishment in so short a time and Hippocrates tells us in his Aphorisms That when a Disease is at the Height 't is absolutely necessary to observe a very thin Diet. Thus you may easily perceive the dangerous Errour of those who if a Horse be troubl'd with a Fever and fast twenty four Hours immediately give him Milk and Yolks of Eggs which is a very unwholsome kind of Nourishment in this Case and encreases the Distemper Besides it must be given with a Horn and the Violence of that Method of Feeding him augments the Difficulty of Breathing and disturbs him when he stands most in need of Rest You must therefore content your self with endeavouring to make him eat something of his own Accord for a small quantity of Nourishment given after this Manner will produce a better Effect than all that you can pour into his Mouth with a Horn. 'T is a Rule of great Importance in the Cure of Fevers never to exhibit a purging Medicine for in so great a Confusion of the Humors it 's impossible for Nature to evacuate those that offend her till she has separated 'em from the rest of the Mass and 't is plain that the Execution of so laborious a Work requires a considerable space of Time And besides the Operation of a purgative Medicine heats the Body and causes a Pain in the Guts which may not improbably breed an Inflammation 'T is also convenient to keep the sick Horse always bridl'd unless for so long time as must be necessarily allow'd him for Eating Of the Cure of a simple Fever If your Horse be troubl'd with a simple Fever you have no reason to dread the Event since the Cure may be easily and almost infallibly perform'd by a careful Observance of the following Method Assoon as you perceive any Signs of a Fever open the Neck-Vein on the right Side and take out about three Pounds of Blood The same Day give him the following Clyster A Clyster Boil two Ounces of Sal Polychrest and two Handfuls of whole Barley in three Quarts of Water and after one Waum add Blites Mercury Leaves of Violets and Pellitory of the Wall of each three Handfuls boil for the space of half a quarter of an Hour then remove the Decoction from the Fire and after 't is half cold strain out the Liquor and adding three Ounces of the Lenitive Electuary with a quarter of a Pound of Oil of Roses make a Clyster to be injected luke-warm An Hour after he has voided the Clyster tye a Chewing-Ball to his Bit and give him two Ounces of Powder of Liver of Antimony in a Quart of Beer or a Ptisan which may expel the Humours by Urine without heating the Body The next Day after rubb his whole Body with a Wisp of Straw or Hay to open the Pores of the Skin that the Steams or Excrements of the third Concoction may exhale which if they were suffer'd to remain in the Body wou'd oppress the Blood that stands in need of a free and unobstructed Motion His ordinary Drink may be thus prepar'd Melt four Ounces of Sal Prunellae in a sufficient quantity of Water and after 't is cold mix it with a little Flower and let your Horse drink as much as he pleases for this Drink allays the Heat of the Entrails resists Corruption and opens the Passages Besides it stops that Ebullition or Fermentation which is the usual Cause of all Fevers and evacuates the Humours by Urine which is the right Passage thro' which they shou'd be expell'd As for his Food you must give him Leaves of Succory Lettuce Dandelion or of Vines but little or no Hay and less Oats for either of these are apt to heat the Body constipate the Belly and harden the Excrements If you consider the short continuance of the Disease you will not be troubl'd at the small quantity of Nourishment that your Horse is allow'd to take If it last above three Days take Assa-faetida and Savin grossly beaten of each half an Ounce Sugar and Raspings of Liquorice of each an Ounce Tie 'em to the Bit in a Linnen Bag and make him champ upon it

Body and is originally occasion'd not by the acid and frequently malignant Corruption of all the Humours but by the Poyson that infects the principal Humour or the Blood and therefore the malignity of the Humours is only the effect of the Poyson that causes the disorders in the Blood The radical and methodical Cure of this Distemper is perform'd by removing the cause of it that is by purifying and sweetning the Blood in order to which I shall propose several Remedies Van Helmont says that the French Pox had its Original from the Farcin in Horses and 't is generally agreed that in the Cure of that Distemper the Malignity of its Poison must be destroy'd and the Blood afterwards purify'd and rectify'd after which all the Symptoms disappear The same may be apply'd to the Farcin When the Farcin is inveterate or of long continuance the Blood being utterly corrupted by the Poison that is lodg'd in it acquires so virulent an Acrimony that it ulcerates the Lungs or the Liver by its excessive Heat and Malignity For when the Blood returns from the Brain according to the establish'd Laws of its Circulation to the Right Ventricle of the Heart it passes from thence by the Vena Arteriosa to the Lungs which consisting of a spongy foul and moist Substance are heated by the sharp Spirits contain'd in the deprav'd Blood This preternatural Heat occasions a Corruption of the weakest Parts and afterwards an Ulcer which at last destroys and consumes the whole Substance of the Lungs You may be easily convinc'd of the Truth of this Hypothesis by opening the Body of a Horse whose Death is occasion'd by an inveterate Farcin for you will find the Lungs wholly putrefy'd and full of Ulcers caus'd by the hot and corrupt Blood which also vitiates and ulcerates the Liver 'T is plain then that the Cure depends chiefly on the Cooling of the Blood and the utter Destruction of that Poison which causes the Farcin and all its loathsome Symptoms For a brief Explanation of the Nature of that Poison 't will be sufficient to tell you that 't is a venomous Steam or certain corrupt Spirits which penetrate the Parts of a Horse's Body as the Light of the Sun passes thro' a Glass These Spirits are a sort of Ferment that breeds Corruption in whatsoever part they attack And 't is to be observ'd that this Poison can never be destroy'd by purgative Medicines without the Use of Specifics This Disease is sometimes communicated by Contagion from an infected Horse 't is also occasion'd by eating too great a quantity of especially new Oats or new Hay before 't is purg'd by evaporating its superfluous Moisture which usually happens about two Months after 't is put up in Stacks or in a Barn Violent Exercise in hot Weather and even once hard Riding Hurts or Wounds made with a foul or Cancerous Iron-Instrument such as Spurs Bits c. and the too great Abundance of Blood may also cause this Distemper It proceeds not unfrequently from a preposterous and too hasty Diligence in fattening tyr'd lean and over-heated Horses for too great Abundance of Nourishment breeds the Farcin unless it be prevented by moderate Exercise and often-repeated Bleeding The most dangerous and stubborn Kind of Farcin is that which is accompany'd with a Running at the Nose for assoon as you perceive that Symptom you may conclude that your Horse's Death approaches especially if his Appetite be lost and the Matter that runs out be mixt with Blood The Number of those which escape is so small that all Horses in this Condition may be given over for desperate unless the Running at the Nose proceed from the Strangles and even in that Case the Disease is usually fatal The Cure is very difficult when the Farcin appears first on the hinder Legs near the Pastern or on the Fetlock-Joint and even in the Hough ascending along the Thigh for it is a Sign of the Violence of the Infection and Weakness of the Natural Heat when the Farcin-Knots appear in the extreme Parts of the Body at so great a distance from the Heart even as the Gout is more troublesome when it makes its first Attack near the Toe or Ankle-Bone than when it begins nearer the Heart When the Knots cannot be brought to Suppuration but instead of Matter thrust forth a piece of reddish brown Flesh which grows very fast and can neither be extirpated by Burning nor Caustic Ointments the Cure is also very difficult and even impossible without the Help of powerful Remedies to destroy the inward Poison The Farcins that are brought from the Camp are very rarely cur'd because the Blood is wholly corrupted by violent or unseasonable Exercises and by the Defect or Excess of Nourishment which very often is rotten and unwholsome The Farcin that begins to appear during the Increase of the Moon is stubborn and less easily cureable than that which begins in the Wane when the Humours are weaker and less abundant and the same Observation may be apply'd to the Glanders and Quitter-bone The Farcin in the Head is the least dangerous and most easily cur'd of all other Kinds of that Distemper unless when there is a Knot or Kernel between the two Jaw-bones which is usually nourish'd by a certain Flegmatic Matter that comes from the Lungs thro' the Wind-Pipe for these Kernels can hardly be dissolv'd in less than three or four Months and in the mean time the Horse is in danger of falling into the Glanders You may conclude that the Cure will be difficult when the Thighs are much swoll'n when there are hard Knots on the Sheath or when the Swellings break and instead of Matter put forth a piece of blackish Flesh like a Hen's Fundament but the most dangerous and hardly curable Kind of Farcin is when the Horse is naturally of a squeamish and tender Stomach for 't is impossible to give him the Remedies that are necessary for the Cure without destroying his Appetite When the Knot that appears first is heal'd the Horse is usually in a way of Recovery tho' at the same time there be several other Knots in his Body But this is not an infallible Rule The Farcin is call'd by the Italians Verme and by the Germans Wurme because it seems to gnaw and bite between the Flesh and Skin as Worms gnaw the Bark of a Tree It may be easily known by the Knots and Cords that run along the Veins and are spread over the whole Body 'T is also discover'd by Tumours and Ulcers and assoon as you perceive an ulceratted Swelling in the Emunctories which are Kernels situated between the Jaws and the Neck and on the Breast and Thighs near the Cods and design'd by Nature to receive the Impurities of the Body and the Defluxions that fall upon those Parts you may conclude that your Horse is troubl'd with the Farcin which is more or less dangerous according to the degrees of the Ulceration and the sticking of the Kernels to the

of the Hough and Leg you must never take up a Vein above without taking it up also below For since the modern Opinion concerning the Circulation of the Blood is undoubtedly certain 't wou'd be in vain to stop its descent without barring at the same time its ascent For Example a Sore or Swelling in the Hough can never be dry'd up or asswag'd by taking up the Vein above since 't is nourish'd by the Blood that ascends from the Ends of the Veins but this Inconveniency may be effectually prevented and the Course of the Blood intirely intercepted by taking up the Vein both above and below The Doctrine of the Circulation of the Blood is establish'd on such sure Foundations and all the Objections against it are so solidly refuted that none but those that are wilfully blind refuse their assent to it and therefore 't is meerly out of Complaisance to those who are still possest with their old Prejudices that I order'd the Vein to be taken up both above and below since the only necessary part of the Operation is that which is perform'd below for the Veins bring back the Blood to the Heart and from the Circumference to the Centre whereas the Arteries carry it from the Heart to the Circumference and 't is only the grosser part of the Blood that passes out of the Arteries into the Veins by the Anastomoses or Communications of the Vessels From these Principles I might easily deduce several important Conclusions in opposition to the common Practice but I cou'd never take pleasure in Contradicting others and in such Cases as these we ought rather to study how to do than how to speak Every Farrier knows how to take up a Vein First they rub the Part very hard to make the Vein swell that they may discern it more distinctly from the Neighbouring Nerves afterwards making an Incision length-ways they separate the Vein with the Cronet and tying it at one end of the Incision with a double Silk Thread they open it lengthways either above or below the Ligature Having taken away as much Blood as they can they tie the Vein at the other end of the Incision either above or below the former Ligature and then cut it in the middle between the two Knots But this last Circumstance tho' generally practis'd is absolutely unnecessary for without cutting the Vein that part of it which is intercepted between the two Ligatures falls away and the two Ends of it are clos'd And even 't is sufficient to make only one Ligature without opening the Vein for the Knot cuts and corrupts the Vein and the two Ends are afterwards clos'd and consolidated Some Farriers content themselves with letting the Blood flow till it stop of it self and then dress the Wound without tying the Vein And 't is certainly the best way with respect to the speediness of the Cure to cut the Vein and after it has bled plentifully to bind it up without a Ligature I mean in such places where the Wound can be conveniently bound up for when a Vein is ty'd the Cure is extreamly tedious since you must expect the Putrefaction and falling away of a piece of the Vessel and the closing or healing of the Ends of it In the mean time 't is the surest way to prevent a further loss of Blood by a Ligature which must be kept very tight for the space of two Days The same Operation is perform'd both above and below the Hough but the second Ligature ought to be as near the Foot as it can possibly be made and directly opposite to the first and after you have taken away a large quantity of Blood you must proceed as before When the Horses Legs are swoll'n and fleshy in which case the Cure is very difficult 't is the usual Custom of some skilful Farriers to take out a piece of the Master-Vein of the Thigh beginning half a Foot above the Hough and reaching about four Fingers breadth beneath it This Operation is very effectual but requires a skilful Hand It produces a very good Effect but frequently occasions a very violent Pain and an extraordinary Swelling in the Hough and Thigh but when 't is skilfully perform'd it drys the Thigh and Leg admirably and is not attended with those ill Consequences So that if you have a good Opinion of your Farrier's Skill you may venture boldly on this Operation which I have both perform'd and caus'd to be perform'd very frequently especially for the Blood-Spavin in the Hough If the Legs be very much swoll'n you may tie a Ribbon about the Vein at the Top of the Piece which you intend to take out for after the Vein is separated the Ribbon remains in its place and serves for a Seton which must be dress'd every Morning and Evening for nine Days together that the swelling may be asswag'd by the Evacuation of the Matter In the mean time it will be highly convenient to anoint the whole Hough every Day with the Duke's Ointment to allay the Pain and prevent an Inflammation I never order a piece of the Vein to be taken out when there is no apparent Swelling in the Legs otherwise I immediately proceed to that Operation especially in the case of a Blood-Spavin which is a soft Swelling nourish'd by the great Vein For tho' these Tumours do not make the Horse halt they occasion an intolerable Deformity and the only way to cure 'em is to take out a piece of the Vein according to the above-mention'd Directions After the Vein is taken up apply the Duke's Ointment round the whole Leg and Thigh to prevent a Swelling and Inflammation Ten Days after and sometimes sooner the Vein will be heal'd and the Horse fit for Service Sometimes the Farcin is occasion'd by the taking up of a Vein with a rusty Lancet and the first Knot appears in the place where the Vein was taken up This is the usual Fate of all Horses that have an ill Habit of Body and are so dispos'd to the Farcin that the least Wound with the Tongue of a Buckle throws 'em into that Distemper After the same manner you may take up Veins in several Parts of the Body for Example in the Pasterns for the Diseases of the Sole for ill-shap'd Hoofs resembling Oister-Shells and after Foundering in the Feet and for the Diseases of the Eyes you may take up the Eye-Veins with a crooked Needle without Incision See Chap. XXVIII You may also take up the Neck-Vein on both sides for the Glanders and for Defluxions in the Eyes and there are several other Parts of the Body where the Veins may be taken up for t he Cure of their respective Distempers You must never take up a Vein when the Leg is swoll'n for besides the Difficulty of the Operation the Swelling will still continue And therefore you must wait till the Swelling be abated before you take up the Vein CHAP. CLXXXVI Of Halter-Cast SOmetimes Horses that are troubl'd with Itching in their

maketh them sweat much so that if a man had any extraordinary labour to put them to they would become Pursy but this eating of their litter is very easily prevented The second Maxim is That for every horse which is fat and resting at home that is which either works and travels not at all or but very little new threshed wheat straw is better for him than hay because his wind is better preserved by it it alters not his flank and also the fat and flesh which it produceth is alwayes more firm then that of hay as likewise as people say more dureable conforme to the French proverb Cheval de paille Cheval de bataille Which I English thus A horse that 's fed with straw of Wheat Is firm in flesh and fit for Feat In fine a horse fed only with Wheat●straw and Oats may be kept at rest in the stable a full year without spoiling whereas if he had eat hay he would appear old and become very dull and heavy in the space of three months But some persons who have only one horse will perhaps say that they shall prevent his resting so much and remaining so long in the stable without doeing any thing but if he be hurt or become lame they will be necessitate to do it and those who have great stables of horses know very well that when they have been much travelled especialy at the close of a Campaigne where they have been extremely fatigued there is a necessity to give them rest and that for a considerable time that so they may recover Horses which are Light-bellyed and have not their flanks altered agree better with the eating of Hay than straw also they are excepted out of the proceeding Rule because the hay cause them to drink lustily and the abundance of water tempers and qualifies that heat which dryed them up and hindered them to take a Belly yet Hay considered as Hay would seem more fit and proper to take away a horse's Belly than give him one because by its naturall heat it should do him more prejudice than straw which is not so fiery but as it obliges horses to drink much by reason of it's being charged with a nitrous Salt which provokes thirst the quantity of drink extinguishes it's fiery and heating quality how great soever and so the horse which is no more consumed by that fire which contracted his Belly is put in a condition to have it enlarged therefore a man should make no difficulty to give hay to such kind of horses and every lean horse which eateth heartily and drinketh lustily and proportionably to what he eateth will be very soon fat and full flanked For horses which are very lean a man will not very suddenly fatten them with Straw therefore Hay is much more proper for them if their flanks be not altered for if they have the least inclination to Pursyness hay is nought for them because of the reasons I shall hereafter give you in the second part when I discourse of horses which is broken-winded or Pursy and although people very justly say that such a horse hath his flank altered because he hath a little feeling or touch of Pursyness yet you must not imagine That that alteration proceeds from heat because heat is nothing but an accident of Pursyness and its essentiall cause flows from a cold principle which is heavy slow and Viscuous phlegm that not only obstructs and stops the conduits of respiration but also those passages through which the blood runs for refreshing and nourishing the Lungs in the time of its perpetuall circulation but the accidental heat proceeds from this that betwixt the Pulmonary artery and Vein there is in the Parenchyma or bloody and fistolous substance of the Lungs Anastomoses or passages from the Veins to the Arteries which being many times obstructed do occasion that accidental heat in the Lungs by reason of the heat which is communicated to them from the Heart Horses which are inclined to be charged with flesh in their necks or to become Thick-necked should not eat too much wheat straw because it will increase their fleshyness as experience will teach you but unless it be in these few exceptions our Maxim holds alwayes good Excepting also Spanish horses which as they grow old become smaller and thinner Necked contrary to all other horses and I am also of opinion that a Spanish horse which hath a thick and well turned neck is better than if he had it more slender because his mouth is more certain and firm with it neither will he be so subject to Beat upon the hand or Chack in the Bridle and therefore will consequently have a better Appuy or feeling of the pressure of the Bit upon his Barrs The Wheat-straw in Languidock is most excellent because being tread upon the peoples feet who thresh it it is beat and softned and consequently more appetiz● it is not but that without this Treading it might be cut aboundantly small but 〈◊〉 it could not without a great deal of trouble be made so soft and toothsome 〈◊〉 other way as it is this We are not however wholly to banish Hay and therefore there should alway a small quantity of it be given to horses before Watering to excite their thirst and peo●● find difficulty to maintain some horses in a good case with straw alone with● he help of some hay therefore I think they should alwayes have six or eight po●● weight given them every four and twenty hours unless there be some reasons wh●● oblige a man to give them none at all The third Maxim for the right feeding of horses is Never to suffer them to drink 〈◊〉 cold or sharp water as I have already remarked when I discoursed of what was be observed when horses are upon journey because such kind of water weak●● their stomach engenders crudities and causes obstructions in the Liver it is fro● that also that Collicks and Grips in the belly do commonly proceed cold and sha●● water prevents and retards a horses growing fat which is lean and if he be alr●●● fat will make him the sooner become lean and in a bad condition In a word it 〈◊〉 most unwholsome for him The water of great Rivers is excellent for horses although those indeed whi●● are too rapid are not so very good Spring or Fountain Water is better than th●● of Draw-wells although people are necessitate in many places to make use of this fo● lack of better Water which hath had time to settle or hath been taken a pretty whil● from the Well or Fountain is better than that which is immediatly drawn exce●● in time of an excessive cold in which water which is new drawn hath a kind 〈◊〉 warmness and is therefore more wholesome for horses to drink immediatly than th●● which hath been suffered to cool by being a considerable time drawn before it be made use of I assure you good water contributes to the keeping a horse fat and plump

the Method prescrib'd in the Sixth and following Chapters Since the Oil of Rue is a good and cheap Remedy it will not be improper to insert the true description of it Oil of Rue Take a Pound of Oil-Olive and two handfuls of Rue chop'd small boil 'em slowly in a Skellet and strain out the Oil throwing away the Herbs Then add two handfuls of fresh Rue and boil and strain as before Repeat the same Operation a third time and preserve the Oil which is indu'd with a Virtue to cut and digest thick and tough Humours Being dissolv'd in a Clyster it helps the Colic and asswages Pains in the Belly Kidneys and Bladder and it may be successfully us'd in outward Applications for the Cure of several cold Diseases It resolves hard and cold Tumours that resist the efficacy of ordinary Remedies but by reason of its Heat you must never use it when you have reason to fear an Inflammation CHAP. CXXXIII Of Palpitation of the Heart THE beating or palpitation of the Heart is a quick and violent Motion of that noble Part by which it endeavours to expel something that oppresses it 'T is usually occasion'd by a malignant Steam or Vapour proceeding partly from a Melancholic Humour that stagnates in the Veins and insinuates it self into the great Artery hard Riding violent Exercise corrupt Water bad Nourishment and every thing that is apt to produce Heat or Obstructions are the remote Causes of this Distemper The Palpitation of the Heart is visible to the Eye for when the Disease is violent the Heart beats with so much force against the Horse's sides that you may plainly perceive the motion of the Skin at every stroke and if you lay your Ear to the Part you may hear as it were the Blows of a Hammer within the Horse's Body on both sides together Some Horses in this Condition retain their Appetite better than others and are not troubl'd with an extraordinary beating in the Flanks Remedies that strengthen the Heart cherish and revive the Spirits dispel thick Vapours and resist their Malignity are proper in this case Bleeding is the sovereign Remedy of this Distemper and it may be safely repeated oftner than once in one Day if the violence of the Palpitation be not abated This Distemper is sometimes very vehement and impetuous but not usually Mortal unless it be accompany'd with a Fever which does not happen very often The Cure is almost always successfully perform'd by the frequently repeated use of convenient Clysters Bleeding and Cordial Remedies As for Cordials you have the Electuary of Kermes the Cordial-Powder the Lieutenants-Powder and the Cordial-Balls which must be methodically exhibited and the Dose repeated two or three times according to the violence of the Distemper If the Palpitation be accompany'd with a vehement beating in the Flanks you must give your Horse a Quart of a Cordial Mixture of the Waters of Scorzonera Scabious Carduus Benedictus and Roses with an Ounce of Confection of Hyacinth without Musk or Ambergreese and one of the Cordial Balls reduc'd to Powder rinsing the Pot and Horn with half a Pint of the same Cordial-Waters The Cordials must be repeated every Day or at least once in two Days They who cannot procure any of the above-mention'd Remedies may prepare the following Potion A Remedy for the Palpitation of the Heart Take Bugloss Bawm and Borage of each a handful boil 'em in a sufficient quantity of Water for the space of half a quarter of an Hour till the Water be reduc'd to a Pint Then removing it from the Fire add two handfuls of Sorrel and let it stand till it be cold Dissolve in the strain'd Liquor an Ounce and a half of Conserve of Roses half an Ounce of Confection of Hyacinth without Musk or Amber-greese and ten Grains of Saffron make your Horse drink it luke-warm and two Hours after give him the following Clyster A Clyster for the Palpitation of the Heart This Clyster dispels and removes Obstructions and consequently is very proper for a Horse opprest with such a Distemper as this that proceeds from Vapours and Wind. Take the five softening Herbs Mugwort Cammomil Rue and Melilot of each two handfuls Powder of Sal-Polychrest an Ounce and a half boil 'em for the space of half a quarter of an Hour in a sufficient quantity of Water to three Quarts then press out the Water and throw away the Herbs After which add to the strain'd Liquor Linseed and Fenugreek-seed beaten to Powder of each two Ounces Boil about a quarter of an Hour longer and add to the straining Oil of Bay and fresh Butter of each three Ounces Cow's Urine one Pint if it can be procur'd Repeat the Clyster every six Hours and the Potion once a Day Keep your Horse to a spare Diet feed him with moisten'd Bran give him no Oats and walk him frequently at a foot pace As soon as you perceive the Palpitation to be perfectly allay'd and your Horse restor'd to his former Health 't will be highly convenient to exhibit the following Purgative Take an Ounce and a half of Aloes for an ordinary Horse or two if he be of a very large size an Ounce of Agaric in Powder and a like quantity of Flower de luce of Florence make a Powder and give it to your Horse in a Quart of Milk keeping him Bridl'd five Hours before and four Hours after The next Day the Medicine will begin to operate and you must walk your Horse from time to time till the evacuation be stop'd after which you may give him his usual allowance of Oates This Purgation attacks and subdues the cause of the Distemper and quickly perfects the Cure A Clyster to dispel Wind. Take of the usual softening Decoction three Quarts and three or four Ounces of the Carminative and Purgative Oil prescrib'd for the second kind of Colic or a quarter of a Pound of Oil of Bay and two Ounces of Butter Mix and make a Clyster The preceding Remedy I mean both the Potion and Clyster are universally useful in all the various kinds of Palpitation but if you can certainly discover the cause of the Disease you may observe the following Directions If it be Summer and you have reason to suspect that the Distemper proceeds from the excessive Heat of the Horse's Body let him Blood in the Neck-Vein and make him stand in Water up to the Neck for an Hour during which time you may prepare this Potion Take the Waters of Scorzonera Scabious Roses and bitter Succory as much of each as a common Drinking Glass will contain Cream or Crystal of Tartar in Powder one Ounce Syrup of the Juice of Sorrel or for want of that of Violets four Ounces Mix and make a Draught And you may give him an Ounce of Sal-Polychrest in a Quart of Wine and walk him an Hour or somewhat less according to his Strength and afterwards give him one of the following Clysters You may mix the Febrifuge describ'd in