Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	artery_n	blood_n	lung_n	3,010	5	11.3115	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A88969	The diseases of women with child, and in child-bed: as also, the best directions how to help them in natural and unnatural labours. : With fit remedies for the several indispositions of new-born babes. : Illustrated with divers fair figures, newly and very correctly engraven in copper. : A work much more perfect than any yet extant in English: being very necessary for all chirurgeons and midwives that practise this art. / Written in French by Francis Mauriceau. ; Translated, and enlarged with some marginal-notes, by Hugh Chamberlen ...	Mauriceau, François, 1637-1709.; Chamberlen, Hugh.	1672 (1672)	Wing M1371B; ESTC R202898	249,555	467

brain upon the sharp Artery and the Lungs and sometimes from a blood of the like nature which flowes from the whole habit towards the Breast upon the suppression of the Terms as also from having breathed in too cold an air which irritates the parts and excites them to move in that manner but being begun by these causes it is very often augmented by the compression the Womb of the pregnant Woman makes upon the Diaphragma which cannot have its free liberty in those that bear their Children high because by its great extension it bears up almost all the parts of the lower Belly towards the Breast and principally the Stomach and Liver forcing them against the Diaphragma which is thereby compressed as we have said This may be remedied by the Womans observing a good diet something cooling if sharp humours cause it avoiding all meats salted spiced or hautgoust she must forbear sharp things as Orenges Citrons Pomgranats Vinegar and others of the like nature because they yet more and more by their pricking quality excite the Cough but she may make use of Lenitives and such as sweeten the passages as juice of Liquorish Sugarcandy and Syrup of Violets or Mulberries of which they may mix some spoonfuls with a Ptysan made with Jujubes Sebestens Raisons of the Sun and French Barly alwayes adding a little Liquorish to it It may not likewise be amiss to turn the abundance of these humours and draw them downwards by some gentle Clyster If this regimen prevails nothing and that there appears signs of fulness of blood it will be necessary at whatsoever time it be of her going with Child to bleed her in the Arm and though this remedy be not usually practised when they are young with Child yet in this case it must for a continual Cough is much more dangerous than moderate bleeding If the Cough comes of cold let her be kept in a close Chamber with a Napkin three or four times double about her Neck or a Lambskin that it may keep her warm and going to bed let her take three or four spoonfuls of Syrup of burnt Wine which is very pectoral and causeth a good digestion if it be made in the following manner Take half a pint of good Wine two drams of good Cinamon bruised half a dozen Cloves with four ounces of Sugar put them together in a Silver Porenger and cause them to boil upon a Chafindish of coals burn it and afterwards boil it to the consistence of a Syrup which let the Woman take at night an hour or two after a light supper It must alwayes be observed from whatsoever cause the Cough proceeds that the Woman go loose in her clothes for being strait-laced the Womb is the more thrust down by the endeavours the Cough causeth it to make And because sleep is very proper to stay defluxions it may be procured if there be occasion by some small Julip using by no means the strong Stupesactives which are dangerous to a Woman with Child if there be not a very great nece●sity as there was in my Kinswoman who had furious accidents by the hurt she got from the stumble of which I gave you an account in the 12th Chapter of this Book There are Women that carry their Children so high especially their first because the large Ligament which support the Womb are not yet relaxed that they think them to be in their Breast which causeth so great an oppression and difficulty of breathing that they fear they shall be choaked assoon as they have either eaten a little walked or gone up a pair of Stairs which comes as I said before by reason the Womb is much enlarged and greatly presseth the Stomach and the Liver which forces the Diaphragma upwards leaving it no free liberty to be moved whence is caused this difficulty of breathing Sometimes also their Lungs are so full of blood which is driven thither from all parts of the body when with Child that it hardly leaves passage for the air if so they will breath more easily as soon as a little blood is taken from the Arm because by that means the Lungs are emptied and have more liberty to be moved But if this difficulty of breathing comes from a compression made by the Womb against the Diaphragma in forcing the parts of the lower Belly against it the best remedy is to wear their clothes loose about them and rather eat little and often than to fill their Bellies too much at once because it is thereby more pressed against the Diaphragma and so augments the accident Neither must she use any viscous or windy meats as Pease c. but only such as are of an easie digestion she must all the while avoid any occasion of grief and fear because these two passions drive the blood to the Heart and Lungs in too great abundance so that the Woman who can hardly already breath and hath her Breast stuft will be in danger of being suffocated for the abundance of blood filling at once and above measure the Ventricles of the Heart hinders its motion without which one cannot live CHAP. XVI Of the swelling and pains of the Thighs and Legs IT is very easie for them that are acquainted with the Circulation of the Blood to conceive the reason why many big-bellied Women have their Legs and Thighs swelled and pained and sometimes full of red spots from the swelling of the Veins all along the inside of them which extreamly hinders their going Many think which is in some measure true that the Woman having more Blood than the Infant needs for its nourishment Nature by vertue of the expulsive faculty of the upper parts which are alwayes most strong drives the superfluity of it upon the lower which are the Legs as most feeble and aptest to receive it because of their scituation to explain it thus is something to purpose but I think the Circulation of the Blood will teach us better how this comes than that we need to have recourse to this expulsive faculty It is then thus according to my opinion Following the ordinary motion of the Blood the Crural and the Saphene Veins receive into them what is brought to the lower parts by the Arteries and convey it along the Leg and Thigh ascending still by the Iliacks towards the Heart which are emptied into the Cava to ascend again by it to the Heart and so successively This being so de facto as need not be doubted since it is a verity founded upon experience when a Woman is with Child and chiefly towards the last months and the Womb is much extended and possesseth a great part of the lower Belly then it begins to press the Iliack Veins by its greatness and heaviness and so hinders the Blood from following its course and having its motion so free as before she was with Child which being so the inferior parts which are the Crural and Saphene Veins become swelled much in the same manner as the

blew according as the Vessels are more or less full of blood and especially the Vein which gives it that colour and is so much the more apparent as it is superficial in that place There are many Authors admit as we have said the Ourachus into the number of these Umbilical vessels saying that it serves to empty the Childs urine into its Membranes however experience shewes us it is no vessel and that it passeth not forth of the Navel but that it is only a ligament in a Child as it is in a Man which coming from the bottom of the Bladder terminates at the Navel without traversing it as they have hitherto mistaken it I have opened and dissected above thirty Foetus's in none of which did I ever find it hollow but alwaies very solid and tendinous towards the place where it it fastned to the Navel and very like as I have already said to a small Lute string Notwithstanding I ever found it manifestly hollow in an Ewe which was terminated with their other Umbilical vessels at their Cotyledons in which Animals are also two Umbilical veins to be seen going both near one the other to the Liver which makes that their Navel-string consists of five Vessels but it is not the same in a human Foetus for there is but one onely Umbilical Vein and two Arteries To understand well how the nourishment is conveyed to the Infant by the Umbilical vessels it is very necessary to conceive and know in what manner the Blood circulates which is after this manner The blood having been conveyed by the mothers Arteries which end at the bottom of the Womb in the Placenta which is there fastned makes a natural transfusion through the Umbilical Vein into the Childs Liver after which it is carried into the Vena cava and thence to the Heart whence it is sent to all the parts by means of the Arteries and very near a like portion in quantity being in the Iliac Arteries is conducted into the Umbilicals which are there terminated for to be carried back into the Placenta where this blood being again elaborated returns to make the same journey by the Umbilical Vein passing again to the Childs Liver and thence to the Heart and so alwayes successively without the least intermission But to be able to conceive easily how the blood circulates in the Placenta and how by the help of that part is made a mutual transfusion from the one to the other as well in respect of the Mother as of the Child we need but imagine it to be a common part and depending on both their bodies for as to the Mother the circulation is there made just as in her Arm or any other part of her whatsoever and as to the Child it is even the same There are no Valvules found in the Umbilical Vein though I have curiously examined it nor are any necessary these Valvules ar every frequent in the Veins of the Arms and Legs because these parts are obliged to make different motions which compressing the Vessels would trouble those of the blood if it were not so sustained and hindered from recoiling but the Umbilical Vein hath no need of any because the Navel-string is loose and floting in the midst of the waters where it cannot be comprest and therefore the motion of the Blood cannot be there intercepted as it is sometimes in the Arms and Legs or other parts where there are strong contractions Assoon as the Child is born these Vessels which are bigger in a Foetus because of their cavity than they are in a Man dry up and that part of them which is without the belly falls off and is separated close to the Navel five or six days after for which reason they lose their first use and begin afterwards to degenerate into suspending Ligaments to wit the Vein into that of the Liver and the two Arteries serve to extend and sustain the Bladder by the sides where they are joyned to it the bottom of which is yet suspended by the Ourachus which comes not through the Navel as hath been said but remains so pendant all the rest of its life We have hithereo made mention of all those things which are found with the Child in the Womb let us now show what are the different scituations of it in the Womb according to the different times of Pregnancy It is a thing of very great consequence and deserves some reflections The three following Figures represent the different natural scituations of the Child in the Womb. That which is marked B shews how it is scituated the seven first months of Pregnancy That which is marked A shews the same scituation on the back-side And the third marked C shews in what fashion it is scituated towards the end of a Womans reckoning and at the time that it is disposed to be born Explication of all the Wombs in which are contained all the Children represented in different postures as well in this place as in all the following A A A A Shews the substance of the Womb. B The Membrane called Chorion which lines the Womb within C C C C The membrane Amnios which is so united and joyned to the Chorion that both of them seem to be but one single Membrane D D D D Shews all the space which is filled with waters in the midst of which the Infant flotes and is scituated E E The After-birth fastened to the bottom of the Womb. F F F The Navel-string which fluctuates hither and thither in the waters CHAP. V. Of the several natural scituations of an Infant in the Mothers Womb according to the different times of Pregnancy WHen we shall have explained the several natural scituations of an Infant those contrary to Nature causing for the most part all ill labours will easily be conceived It may be considered that generally the Infants as well Male as Female are usually scituated in the midst of the Womb for though sometimes a Womans great Belly is a little higher on the one side than the other yet that is because the globe of the Womb inclines more that way and this scituation on the side must be understood only in respect of the Mothers belly and not of her Womb in the midst of which it is alwaies placed because there is but one only cavity in a Womans Womb marked with a small line in its length without having two or more separations as is seen in those of other Animals There are some who would have these two imaginary cavities to be the cause why Women sometimes bear Twins yea and sometimes more and that the Males are rather engendered on the right and Females on the left side which is Hypocrates's opinion in the 48th Aphorisme of his 5th Book where he saith Foetus Maris dexträ uteri parte Foeminae sinisträ magis gestantur but without any certain reason for it because some Women have the Males on the left-side others the Females on the right and when there are

that he must only pierce the Peritoneum with the point of his Instrument to make an orifice for one or two of the Fingers of his left Hand into which he must immediatly thrust them for to cut it lifting it up with them and conducting the instrument for fear of pricking the Guts in proportion to the first incision of the * Skins Coverings which having done the Womb will soon appear in which he must make an incision in the same manner as he did in the Peritoneum being careful not to thrust his instrument at once too far in thinking to find the Womb a finger or two thick as all Authors affirm contrary to truth in which he would be deceived as those are that never well considered it for it is very certain that at the time of Labour whilst it contains the Child and Waters in it it is not above a single line thick or the thickness of half a Crown although they have all sang to us that by divine Providence and a Miracle the more 't is extended with the Child the thicker it grows which is absolutely false it being only true that it is at that time a little thicker at the place where the Burthen cleaves where its substance is then as it were spongious but every where else it is very thin and becomes the more so by how much it is more extended until being emptied by the Birth of the Child it begins to grow thicker in contracting and gathering to it self all its substance which was before very much extended It being just like the Bladder which being full is very thin and being empty appears to us of half a Fingers thickness which filling again waxeth thinner in proportion to the Urine that flows to it having then so opened the Womb he must likewise make an incision in the Infants Membranes taking care not to wound it with the instrument and then he will soon see it and must immediatly take it out with the Burthen which he must nimbly separate from the bottom of the Womb and finding it to be yet living let him praise God for having so blessed and prospered his Operation But the Children so delivered in these cases are usually so weak if not quite dead as it often happens that 't is hard to know whether 't is alive or dead Yet one may be confident the Child is living if by touching the Navelstring the Umbilical Arteries are perceived to move as also the Heart by laying the Hand on the Breast and if it prove so means must be used to fetch it to it self spouting some Wine in the Nose and Mouth warming it until it begins to stir of it self Midwives usually lay the Burthen very hot on the Belly of such weak Children if that helps 't is rather because of the temperate heat of it than for any other cause for 't is impossible the Infant should receive any spirits from it after it is once separated from the Womb and yet less when the Woman is dead As to the heat of it it can no wise hurt but the weight of this mass layed on the Belly may rather choak it by the compression it makes than do it any good besides when the Burthen is grown cold they put it in a Skellet of hot Wine from whence they think the Spirits renew which being conveyed through the String into the Childs Belly gives it new force but as I have said already that is very useless and the best and speediest remedy is immediatly to separate it and open the Childs Mouth cleaning and unstopping also the Nose if there be any filth to help it so to breath freely keeping it all the while near the Fire until it hath a little recovered its weakness spouting some Wine into the Nose and Mouth of it that he may a little tast and scent it which can not hurt it in this juncture if one observes some moderation in the thing Having now at large treated in this Second Book as well of natural as unnatural Labours and given sufficient instructions to a Chirurgeon to enable him to help Women in the first and to remedy all the different accidents of the latter to which he may be dayly called there rests nothing now to finish it but to represent the Instruments proper to this Art And then we will pass to the Third Book where we must handle many things which they must necessarily know that intend to practise Deliveries Explication of the Instruments A A Crochet or Hook to draw forth a dead Child B Another Crochet for the same purpose according as the case requires either bigger or less both of them must be strong enough and very smooth and equal that the Womb may not be hurt in the Operation and above ten large Inches long or thereabouts and their Handles must be of a moderate bigness for the firmer holding of them C A crooked Knife equal in length to the Crochets fit for the separating a monstrous Child or piercing of the Belly of an hydropical Infant or opening the Head to empty the Brains or to divide it in pieces when because of its bigness or monstrousness it remaines behind in the Womb separated from the Infants Body D. Another small crooked Knife for the same purpose but not so convenient because it cannot be guided but with one Hand E. A sharp Incision-knife fit for the Caesarean Section soon after the Mothers death F A Cranes bill fitted for the drawing forth of the Womb any strange Body or false Conception when the whole Hand cannot be introduced G Another Instrument for the same purpose H A Speculum Matricis with three branches to open the Womb for to discover Ulcers or other Maladies sometimes there deeply scituated I Another of two Branches for the same purpose K Another yet more commodious L A Catheter to let out the Urine when the Woman cannot make Water M A Syringè for injections into the Womb. End of the Second Book The Third Book Treating of Women in Child bed and of the Diseases and Symptomes befalling them at that time Of Children new born and their ordinary Distempers together with necessary directions for to choose a Nurse GOing with Child is an rough Sea on which a big-bellyed Woman and her Infant floats the space of nine Months And Labour which is the only Port is so full of dangerous Rocks that very often both the one and the other after they are arrived and disembarked have yet need of much help to defend them against divers inconveniences that usually follow the Pains and Travail they have undergone in it We have directed in the First Book treating of the Diseases which are incident to Women with Child how to prevent their suffering shipwrack in this Sea during so long a Voyage In the Second we have taught how they may enter this Port and disimbarque there with safety by Delivery It remains then to compleat our work that we expound in this Third and last how the