bones You need not fear the acrimony for our Euphorbium does not inflame the adjacent flesh But I would have a Seton first used which is of such moment that I have observed in several persons an inveterate lachrymal Fistula could scarce be cured without the help of this Fabricius Hildanus cent 6. observat 3. Nor would I have any thing attempted before the Seton have run for some time and have drawn to it the Matter which fell upon the Fistula II. There is another Aegylops often bred of a tough humour like gelly inclosed in a bladder which cannot be cured without opening the Tumour with a knife or a potential Cautery and taking away of the skin Enchiridii med pract p. 88. and then lest the Ail return a burning hot Cautery must be applied to cause an Eschar which when it is fallen off some beaten Allum mixt with Turpentine may be applied till it be perfectly healed ¶ Because this Swelling cannot be cured with Medicines alone it must be taken hold on with a pair of Nippers and cut round the bottom with a knife Scultetus tab 31. armament yet so that the whole spungy Caruncle be not cut off which is not unfitly called The Bridle of Tears for upon taking it away a perpetual efflux of them or an incurable Rhyas doth follow III. A Matron about thirty years of age after frequent inflammation of the Eyes and Head-ach had a Lachrymal Fistula arose Hildanus cent 4. oâ—s 19. and was cured by the help of a Seton IV. Sometimes there are cancrous Ulcers in this part which cannot be cured except the part be burnt and the Veins and Arteries especially be burnt thoroughly and to the quick Enchiridion med pract p. 89. For so the cure will be most safe without fear of relapse because when these Vessels are burnt there can be no more new Defluxion V. In the burning an Aegylops I should with the more approved Physicians prefer an actual Cautery before that they call Potential But why do they order it to be of Gold rather than of any other matter For one would think it might commodiously be made of Iron nay perhaps more commodiously seeing there is an astringent Virtue confest to be in Iron a quality very requisite in this case Again Gold if it be violently heated melts if indiffereâ—tly it is to no purpose Yet Johannes Montanus a great Physician chuseth Gold or Brass in his Counsels Plempius Ophi◠〈◊〉 mogr. l. 5. c. 3. by reason the burning is greater and the Scar deepr than the tender particles here exposed can endure VI. All the difficulty in the Cure is about Repressers and Suppuraters for either of them seem to incurr the hazard of a Fistula that indeed by repelling the humour to the Parts within and this by putrifying Nevertheless both must be done sometime of Necessity When the Defluxion first begins and the corner of the Eye ailed nothing before repressers are convenient for if this place never ailed any thing before the Parts underneath are strong therefore Repulsion should be made to the sides rather than directly under But if in the process of the Disease an Inflammation arise in this case Repulsion is no way convenient Sometime we must use Suppuraters when Nature hath already begun the Suppuration and the Humour is Sanguine and in great plenty when Suppuration cannot be avoided Saxonia prael pract part 1. cap. 20. which when made though but imperfectly the Abscess must be opened Medicines especially made use of by eminent Physicians 1. Take of Fine Honey Aloe Hepatica each 2 ounces Myrrhe 1 ounce Saffron half a drachm Water 2 pounds Boyl them over a gentle fire to half Petrus Bayruâ— de med hum corp malis l. 3. c. 26. let a new little Sponge be put in the hot decoction wring it out wrap it in a fine rag bind it to the place and you will see a wonderfull effect as I have often experienced 2. I never found any thing better than what follows Take of Aqua vitae mel Rosatum each 1 drachm Myrrhe 2 drachms Mix them Chalmeâ—â—us enchri â—hirurg l. 3. c. 20. make a Liniment wherewith the part must be anointed morning and night 3. Take Garden Rue which Fullers use beat it very fine and apply it it cures this Ail excellently well It is very biting at the first but it will presently grow easy Alex. Trall l. 1. c. 23. and which must be admired it leaves either no Scar at all or no disfiguring or remarkable one behind it 4. Services bruised and applied are reckoned a singular Remedy Arnold Weâ—kard thesaut pharmacop l. 1. c. 4. Agonia or Pangs of Death How persons at the point of Death are to be Revived WHen Physicians perceive the Hippocratical Signs of Death they bid adieu to their Patients lest they should expoâ—e themselves their Art and their Medicines But they should not be given up but all means rather should be used which have any possibility to prolong life For I have known several at the point of death who have been given over by the Physicians and yet have recovered by inconsiderable means I will give you my opinion freely In the Heart which is the last that dies the vital Spirits are extinguished divers ways I. By the excessive heat of the Bloud Cooling Potions and Epithemes to the Breast relieve such persons II. Others die when there is not a sufficient Affluence to the heart to continue the Circulation 1. If new Chyle pass not to the Heart either by reason of Expulsion of the Food by Dysentery Vomiting or some fault in the vessels of the Mesentery or if it pass not by the proper ways Transfusion of man's or Calf's bloud would do good in this Case 2. If the Bloud which should be carried back by the Veins do clot and congeal and this it does variously in various Diseases in the Phthisick deep Consumption and Fevers the Lympha or usefull Serum is wanting in the bloud A warm bath which dissolves the Coagulation relieves such for a time In Tartarous Diseases as the Scurvy c. the Bloud wanting Spirituous Parts is made tough and thick such Patients begin to die at the extreme parts warm baths also and spirituous Potions which hinder Coagulation do help such In such when they are dead the Arteries are flaccid and the Veins do strut III. The motion of the bloud is choaked by suffocating Catarrhs inasmuch as the Lungs through which the Circulation of the Bloud is made out of one Ventricle of the Heart into the other and the Vessels of Respiration are choaked by a cold Viscidity Let the sick Persons be laid on their side that the Phlegm may run out at the mouth apply a hot Pultess to the Throat and hot sand to the Head and Neck Because Apoplectick persons die of such Phlegm stopping up the Ventricles of the Brain Cupping the head and blistering the neck signify little if
may draw down the humours more powerfully from the Jugular Veins Nor need want of strength be much feared which is here oppressed not wasted As for cooling the body Gr. Nymannus Tract de Apopl p. 217. and thickning the humours for which some reject bloud-letting it is of no moment for in the Apoplexy nothing is more necessary than Revulsion and Turning the Matter away from the Head and we must especially labour to doe it presently which Indication bloud-letting quickly answers Wherefore we may hope for more benefit from translation of the Morbifick Cause than we need fear damage from cooling of the Body II. After the universal Plenitude is abated by letting bloud in the Arm the Parts especially affected are to be relieved for which purpose the best means is opening the Jugular Veins out of which by reason of their bigness the bloud runs freely which by stagnation oppressed the Brain and by this discharge the Lungs are less oppressed and when less bloud comes to them they easilier deliver what they contain to the Arteries and left Ventricle of the Heart and the Current of the bloud being render'd more free Coagulation is hindred Obstructions are opened and the Animal Functions are by degrees restored Concerning opening of them Experience seconds Reason and these Veins may with more ease be opened Fr. Bayle Tract de Apoplexia c. 11. because in this Disease they being swelled there is no need of Ligature which in this case might doe harm and therefore after opening of them must not be too strait but Emplastrum Galeni must be applied to the Orifice III. When there is no Plethora but great store of sharp humours i. e. much sowre Melancholy or its Exaltation hath caused the Apoplexy which foregoing pains do shew Hippocrates bids us use Fomentations before bloud-letting nor without reason for when the Veins are inflamed dried and straitned and the bloud by degrees coagulates if we withstand these things by emollient heating and attenuating fomentations the bloud will run more freely and with its rapid motion will wash what was beginning to coagulate from the Capillary Vessels dilated and softened if presently after the Fomentation or in the very use of it a Vein be opened Otherwise it is to be feared the thinner part of the bloud may come away by bloud-letting while the thicker and what begins to coagulate stays behind which will hinder the effect of the Purge which should then be given The Head especially should be bathed seeing in it there is the greatest danger from Coagulation and next the Hypochondria But both Fomentations and bloud-letting should be used in the beginning of the Disease while the spirits are yet elevated Ideâ— IV. There is scarce a Practical Physician but advises bloud-letting in an Apoplexy caused by bloud But I question whether it be proper in every Apoplexy as the excellent Nymannus thinks For he in favour of his Hypothesis which takes every Apoplexy to be caused by Obstruction of the Sinus's is very large in commendation of bloud-letting which Hypothesis since it does not hold true in every Apoplexy as I have proved the like and perpetual use of bloud-letting may be questioned It 's evident when the Vertebral and Carotid Arteries are filled with fibrous bodies that bloud-letting avails little And those Apoplectick persons are in the same Case who have the Torcular stopt seeing it cannot wholly be obstructed except by some such like body Nor likewise will bloud-letting be convenient when Serum is gathered in the Ventricles and Cavity of the Skull since by it the immediate cause is not removed but the strength otherwise spent is more weakned In an Apoplexy where a Vessel is broke there is no hope both because a quantity of bloud poured into the Ventricles and Basis of the Brain cannot be got back by Art and because while it stays there it is coagulated In that which is caused by Serum gathered in the substance of the Brain what good bloud-letting does it is by accident namely as it abates the Turgescency of the bloud and Serum Therefore this alone will not remove the Apoplexy but we must also use things that spend and evacuate the Serum which moistens the medullous substance But bloud-letting in an Apoplexy caused by a sudden Obstruction of the little Arteries is good in many respects for first the preternatural violent motion of the bloud is stopt which often is the occasion of this Obstruction and it runs in less quantity to the Brain for instance when the bloud is taken out of the Arm no small portion makes to the Arm by the Axillary Veins that so what was taken away may be supplied Then the bloud hastens from the whole body and from the brain towards the Heart to assist it thus depauperated and spoiled by bloud-letting Wepferus Exercitat de Apâ—plexia p. 218. And the heart eased of the burthen wherewith it was loaded both before and in the Paroxysm disperses the bloud as it returns more chearfully in better order and in quantity more usefull to the brain which forceth and washeth out what caused the Obstruction and Trouble in the medullous substance and drives it into the Capillary Veins adjoyning to the extremities of the Arteries V. Bloud abounding in the head cast a full-bodied young man into an Apoplexy with Trembling loss of Speech and Ratling three most dangerous concomitants of this Disease Tulpiâ—â— c. 7. lib. 1. Observâ—â— Wherefore speedily to abate these violent Symptoms he was immediately bled in the right Arm but not bleeding so freely as his extremity required the same Lancet was used to his left Arm and when both had continued bleeding for some time his Ratling evidently abated he took his breath better and quickly was cured VI. Cupping with Scarification should be applied not to the shoulders and back as the Arabians advise because there is no remarkable Vein that reaches the Brain But they should be stuck near the Jugulars and under the chin if possible Rondâ—lâ—â—us For these Topick Remedies should be applied not onely upon the Veins that reach the part diseased but upon the next and largest if the constitution of the Part will permit it VII A large Cupping-glass may well be applied to the top of the Head seeing it draws the bloud out of the Sinus of the Dura Meninx opens Obstructions and raises the subsiding Brain With which opportune Remedy Fracastorius remembred how he had once cured a Nun at that very time when he himself being seised with a small Apoplexy Horstius in Probl. made signs by putting his hand to his Crown that he would have the like remedy applied but they that were by not understanding him and his Disease increasing about night he died VIII A Man of Threescore fell down drunk and contused the hind part of his head but his Skull was whole and he was taken with a true and violent Apoplexy While all despaired I tried to cure him I shake
Septalius lib. 6. animad 117. forbids Diureticks in the Palpitation of the Heart if thick Blood offend because they exhaust the Serum of the Blood and make it thicker But when it arises from a warry and serous Humour there is nothing that can more easily conquer the violence of this Disease VII Although we must presently relieve the Heart as a principal part by such things as have a singular virtue to encrease its strength and to discuss the malignity of the Vapours such as are most sweet sented and Aromatick things which by their Balsamick virtue defend the innate heat of the Heart and by their heat discuss and waste the Vaporous Matter Yet if the Womb be the cause of the Palpitation we must abstain from them the Diseased Constitution of the Womb forbidding it For such things presently cause Fits and then the Palpitation is greater For when the Brain is refreshed with sweet sents by the sympathy which is between it and the Womb if this be morbid the latent Vapours are raised which fly to the principal parts especially to the Heart Therefore we should rather fly to those things which have the faculty of discussing that vapid Substance such as some fetid and strong smelling things which by their inimicous quality excite the expulsive faculty to cast out what is noxious Besides they have a virtue to attenuate and violently to dissipate as appears in Castor Galbanum Asa faetida and the like Sennertus VIII If the Palpitation come from Wind Electuaries and other Compositions must have no Syrupus de Pomis in them Rondeletius for Apples keep their windiness to the third concoction as Avicenna writes IX A certain Valetudinary Prince when he had been a long time most grievously troubled with Palpitations of the Heart could find relief by no Medicines A young Physician coming in tells how he found in some Writings of the former Age that a certain kind of Worm sometime breeds in the Heart which by taking a Clove of Garlick Evening and Morning may be killed which Remedy was neglected and accounted despicable But at length when the Disease had killed the Prince his Body was opened a white Worm with a very sharp horny snout was found sticking to the Heart which the Physicians took and put alive into a Circle drawn on the Table with juice of Garlick J. Hebenstrein l. de Peste it crept about and about and was wonderfully tormented but would not touch the Circle At length being overcome with the sent of the Garlick it died within the Circle X. A Noble Matron of Newemburgh 35 years old had been troubled with the Hypochondriack Disease for ten years She was taken with so violent a Palpitation that one would have thought her Heart would have broke her Ribs and leaped out of her Breast When I was called I presently ordered an Emollient Glyster to be given her because she never went to Stool but upon meer necessity This was succeeded by a Carminative one Afterwards an Epitheme was applied of Treacle Confectio hyacynthina and Alkermes without Amber or Musk. Then the following Potion was given her Take of Water of Balm Carduus Benedictus each 1 Ounce Orange-flower-Water half an Ounce Cinnamon Water 2 Drachms Syrupus corticis Citri made according to Zwelfer's Correction and of Betony Flowers each half an Ounce Oyl of Citron rind 2 Drops prepared Pearl 5 Grains Saffron 1 Grain In two hours time it left her and never returned again XI This must be reckoned in the Palpitation which comes from heat and abundance of Blood we must neither use hot things lest the effervescence be increased nor cold ones lest when the efflux of Vapours is stopt the Palpitation grow more violent For it is sufficient to use temperate Mercatus strengthning and odoriferous things XII Issues are very good in the Palpitation of the Heart as I have happily experienced Which since they may be made in divers parts of the Body if the matter falling from the Head cause the Palpitation as Hippocrates says it is best to make Issues in the upper parts and in this case I use to advise an Issue in the right Arm. Mercurialis But if it be essentially in the Heart or come by consent with the lower parts it is much better to make an Issue a little above or below the Knee XIII In this sort of Disease we must insist long on Medicines Ferdinandus Hist 12. for after six months or a whole year the Disease uses to return as I have known several Wherefore we must always be doubtful of it and not be overjoyed because it ceases for a month or two XIV Joh. Praevotius in a years time cured Baron K. of a Palpitation of the Heart Rhodius Cent. 2. Obs 40. and of all the Arteries in manner of an Aneurism from retorrid Bile with drinking of Whey and bathing in fresh Water Fernelius mentions this Pulsation Path. lib. 5. cap. 12. XV. Since the Causes are various the Cure must also variously be insisted on For what some hold that these Remedies which are vulgarly called Cordials do refresh the Heart and are thought to help it as it is laboring this is repugnant to Reason and to ordinary Experience Since therefore we have declared how the Palpitation of the Heart proceeds from some fault in the Blood or in the Arteries that are joyned to the Heart and have shewn the divers ways of affecting both of these an apt method of Cure must be accommodated to every sort of that Disease 1. Therefore if the Disease proceed from some fault in the Blood the primary Therapeutick intention must be to exalt the Blood that is too watry and unfit for Accension and Fermentation to a better crasis and to exalt and increase its active Principles that are depressed or diminished For which purpose Spirituous Medicines also Saline of all sorts Sulphureous and especially Chalybeates are proper Here also we may prescribe such things as are used in a Leucophlegmatia Pica and a cold Scurvy 2. The Palpitation of the Heart which is more frequent and much more violent comes from the Cardiack Arteries and then their fault is either an Obstruction or a Spasmodick Affection The first Disease is usually continual and often incurable especially if it comes from Consumptive Lungs or from a Tubercle at the Roots of the Arteries or some bony Excrescence whereby they are half stopt up or compressed Which causes if at any time they be there and can perfectly be known it would be in vain to endeavour to remove them But rather this only must be done we must give the Patient some ease by an Hypnotick to prolong a miserable Life a little further Nor is it also improbable that the Arteries are in a great measure filled by Polypous Concretions that are used to breed there and sometimes within the Ventricles of the Heart and therefore the free and total exilition of the Blood is hindred As the
Millepedes that is either in form of a dry Pouder or of a distilled Liquor seldom fail of success for such recall the superfluities of the Serum from the Head and Nerves and carry them to the Urinary Passages Gentle Purges are also good as is a decoction of an old Cock and other things appropriate to an Asthma See the Section following Willis XXI Of all the dire Symptoms of Scorbutick Persons difficulty of Breathing and straitness of the Breast coming by Fits are the worst I think they for the most part arise either from a sudden stagnation of the Blood that is just growing grumous in the narrow passages of the Lungs or from a Convulsive irritation of the Nerves which serve the Organs of Respiration In the first case there is an exceeding distention of the Lungs and thence as it were an immobility with a sublivid redness in the Face a dimness of sight swooning a low weak intermitting Pulse accompanied with despair of the Patients recovery But in the later case the Pulse of the Heart and Arteries is not very irregular the Party is troubled with a dry Cough together with an anxious straitness about the Heart and deep sighs stopping the Breath For when the Blood because of its thickness stagnates in its Circulation through the strait passages of the Lungs such things are proper as by powerfully attenuating inciding and moving it do restore it to a requisite fluidity and to a more expedite Circular motion 1. Carminative Clysters for Revulsion 2. Blood-letting where there are signs of a Plethora for so when the Blood is diminished the rest will more easily be attenuated and will pass the straits of the Lungs with a quicker motion 3. Hot Thoracicks mixt with Antiscorbuticks of the same virtue Tincture of Saffron Elecampane Castor Elixir Proprietatis Confectio Alkermes Flowers of Sal Ammoniack Benzoin Volatil Salt of Vipers Horse-dung Spirit of Sal Ammoniack A spoonful either by it self or in some convenient Vehicle in a small but a repeated Dose for these do excellently keep off the Fit by keeping the Blood from Coagulation For it is found by Experience that Coagulated Blood is dissolved by a Volatil Salt diluted with Water and besides Volatil Salts there is not any thing found fit to prevent or dissolve this Coagulation For a Scorbutick Asthma from a Convulsion of the Pneumonick Nerves See the foregoing Section Antispasmodicks promise a Cure which are experienced to have the faculties of dulling suppressing and discussing this irritating acrimony of the Humours or Vapours For this these things are cried up Spirit of Sal Ammoniack Hartshorn Soot Castor Spiritus Lavendulae compositus mixt with appropriate Liquors and taken in repeated draughts while difficulty of Breathing is urgent Castor also Galbanum Asa foetida and their Tinctures drawn with Aqua Raphani compos or Lumbricorum But in such a shortness of Breath which threatens to choak the Patient there is no more present Remedy See Charleton Section XII than a few grains of Laudanum Opiatum dissolved in good Canary Wine and infused till the Tincture is extracted and a spoonful of it given now and then Rheumatismus or a Rheumatism See Febris Rheumatismi comes Book VI. and Lumborum Affectus Book X. The Contents The excellency of Blood-letting I. When Purgations must be prescribed II. The benefit of Diureticks III. Sudorificks are not proper at all times IV. We must take care to strengthen the parts V. Cured in a young Man VI. I. BLood must be let every day at the beginning till the Disease and pains abate Nor is it any matter if you Bleed for ten or twelve days or for more since it is peculiar to this Disease for the Patient not to be weakened by Bleeding Therefore it is my custom when I prescribe Bleeding so often to add this restriction that it be continued every day till the pains be abated or the strength be much wasted and when no decay of strength arises upon it Patients do freely admit it The condition of the Blood causes this Tolerance which comes out always very putrid Experience shews the benefit since by repeated Bleeding the Disease which in its own nature is long is often conquered in a short time Besides a large Haemorrhagy supervening often cures it Riverius II. Purging in the beginning increase and state of this Disease gives no relief yea it does harm As it happens in all Inflammatory Diseases But in the declension it is necessary and must often be prescribed and with gentle Medicins that the Cacochymie restagnating in the Body may be carried off If gentle things be insufficient wholly to eradicate this Disease which is often contumacious we must if there be no Fever have recourse to stronger things I have always cured this Disease when other things could not do the work by giving about twenty grains of Mercurius dulcis six times sublimed with ten grains of Scammony or Resin of Julap Idem ¶ One Clyster made of Emetick Wine cured a Woman of this Disease Idem III. In Rheumatick Diseases when a bad and sharp serous Matter bred by a hot intemperature subservient to Sanguification is discharged into the External habit of the Body with a wandring pain of the Bones and with a sense of heat and heaviness all over the Body and sometimes also into the inner parts Diureticks are very good to dry it up and that by Hippocrates his advice lib. de Humor Do not shut up says he the dissolved Humours within but dry up the superfluous and when you have a mind co carry them off or otherwise it is best to use Attenuants because so you may more easily purge them by Stool or by Vrine than if you had restrained them and kept them in by Astringents And by Galen's consent 15. Simplic 13. By Diureticks says he the Blood is not only attenuated but is melted and separated just as in Milk in which what is serous and thin is separated what is thick is curdled and exactly united Frid. Hofm IV. Sudorificks as well as Purgatives do no good but much harm in the beginning increase and state Ordinary Physicians experience this who mistaking it for a true Catarrh and being tired with the contumacy of this Disease have recourse to these things whereby the Disease is doubled and the pains are increased But in the declension Generals premised and when there is no Fever Riverius they do much good V. After sufficient Evacuation yea at the very time of Evacuation we must endeavour to strengthen the principal Parts and the whole Body And these Strengtheners must be cooling by reason of the hot intemperature of the Liver the original of a Rheumatism There is great store of them I shall propound four that are very effectual and not ungrateful 1. Tincture of Corals two ounces whereof may be taken two hours before Breakfast in the morning those days when no other Medicins are used 2. Conserve of Hips which is grateful to
over intervening concerning which Spots Practioners doubt whether they come symptomatically or critically I indeed sometimes have observed that by reason of the quantity and quality of the bloud and corrupt Serum which Nature was not able to correct have appeared unhappily and portended Death it self I have also observed them to break out critically as well as the Small Pox and Measles which were kindly But these forementioned Spots in Malignant fevers are the effects of a very bad Cause as it argues so great a corruption of the bloud in the live Body that the Fermentation causes such a diacrisis or apocrisis in the mass of bloud as that the volatile Salt it self appears Simon Pauli D grâ—s de Feb. M â—â—gâ— Sect. 52 5â— which is naturally apt to pass subject to subject and is by consequent a poison which acts in its whole substance and this is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or morbid excretion of Hippocrates XXV Lest any one should accuse us as if we were ignorant of the methodus medendi because when they that are sick of a Malignant fever with a hot and dry Intemperature and that notorious enough to the touch indeed gentle and kindly we presently fly to Sudorificks Diureticks and finally to Salts and I add that I willingly allow him this although it be not universally true that all these things are hot as to our last refuge when the Fever requires cooling things I will here introduce Hofmannus his reason namely why Diseases of hot Intemperature are cured with hot Medicine fetched from his de Medicam Officin lib 2. cap. 128. Because it holds good not onely in the Venereal Disease whose cure he treats of in the forecited place but in Malignant fevers and many other Diseases called Occult and in such as wherein the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Hippocrates which word many understand amiss is said and believed to be In that place after Fallopius he inveighs against them who granting Guaiacum to be bitter and biting and therefore hot and dry yet would have it most temperate and as like our Body as any aliment because they observe that some grow corpulent upon the use of this Wood. By which contradiction some being constrained saith Hofmannus have held that this wood cures the Pox indeed whether it depend on hot humours or cold by propriety of substance or some occult property and other Diseases joined with it by manifest qualities But indeed they are very much deceived For if it be thus when it cures the Pox it self does it lay aside its manifest qualities They will not say so I hope Therefore these Problemes still remain undiscussed Why Hot fights with Hot and Dry with Dry And if it be such in adjunct Diseases why is it not in the root it self But is it hot and moist perfectly and does it nourish more than gelly Broth of a Chicken Then this is sure Guaiacum is hot and dry and how does it drive away a Disease that is hot and dry It is by discussing and wasting the hot and dry humours I add that they appear such or are really hot and dry because of the Salt wherewith the bloud of Persons infected with the Pox does without all controversie most exuberantly abound for certainly this Plague of theirs is contagious which is cooling by accident So Rheubarb cocls by purging such humours but it does it not indifferently and without the Laws of Method without which those who have tried it have been greatly hurt Yet does it noâ—rish For they take the Body of it It nourishes not at all for since aliment is a passive Word that is is a thing which is conquered who can believe that so hot a Medicine can be conquered and turned into the substance of the thing nourished Yet People grow fat upon it You kill me for I said but now it was done by accident the hot humours being discussed and the obstructions of the Bowels being opened which hindred the generation of Bloud But how bad a Logician are you in that you distinguish not what is of it self and what by accident c. But this is the summ of the matter that the Venereal Disease a hot and dry one is cured with a hot and dry Medicine by accident and that indeed by a simple Decoction of Guaiacum Which we must affirm is done likewise in a Malignant and Spotted fever while we use Sudorificks Diureticks and Salts in particular namely that sharp and hot things are good for them by accident why Because while in it no crisis or but an imperfect one intervening the Salt in the mass of bloud being now made fixt in the hands or feet or rather in the Anastomoses of the Veins and Arteries of the said parts far distant from the Heart hinders the free circulation these Salts render it volatile which being either attenuated or made volatile and discharged by the benefit of Circulation by sweat or being more fixt and as it were in fusion by the Urinary passages it does again freely doe its duty which being procured the bloud is truly cleansed and as it were ventilated not onely in the said Fever but in other malignant and contagious Diseases hereupon Health is procured and the Malignity dispatched But when in this acute Disease and in a Malignant fever Nature receives no assistence then at length whatever upon the ceasing of the Fever or fermentation in the mass of bloud is corrupt and remains Idem ibid. breeds divers imposthumes and swellings in divers parts XXVI And as there is extreme danger in purging in Malignant fevers so it is well known that those Medicines which are commended against Fevers and those commended against poisons are diametrically opposite one to another and why Because some Antifebrile Medicines have been found out not by Indications but by Empiricism And since the manner of the corruption of our bloud in Fevers and especially in Malignant and Spotted ones varies and as it were eludes the industry of Physicians hence it usually falls out that both Agues and especially Malignant and Spotted fevers when we come to them we call Antifebrile and Specifick Medicines are so hard to cure that they are cured rather by chance than reason And the Cause besides that I brought from the corruption of the bloud is this for that there is no Fever without fermentation or ebullition Therefore if for example's sake Nutmeg Alume Powder of Tormentill Antefebrilis Crollij prepared of long Oyster shells with Wine Vinegar Pearl Coral Bezoar stone Pretious Stones and the like be given to People in Fevers it sometimes happens that the Fever ceases and Why Because that Ebullition is stopt by them just as we find that the heat of the Stomach is stopt by the alone use of simple Chalk powdered But if you weigh these simples in the Balance of Reason you will find it very likely that they act what they do act by drying and by their earthy parts for they are in an
Hand to keep one open which yet he does not mention lib. de Haemorrhoid wherefore they have Revellents Incrassaters and Astringents in suspicion as if they thought it were an easie matter to stop this evacuation But because I have observed in my Practice that strong Remedies did little good and gentle ones none at all I use all the Apparatus of Medicines to suppress it yet so as it be not moderate periodick of thick and melancholick Bloud nor troublesome to the Patient because from such the Patient rather finds relief than detriment Of which excellent Doctrine not I but Galen is the Teacher who 4. Aph. 25. says that for Bloud to be voided upwards whatsoever it be is bad but to bleed downwards by the Haemorrhoids is good when black stuff is voided that is when the Man's nature gathers abundance of such humour Otherwise we must not rashly accustome our selves to evacuation by the Haemorrhoids For either excess is accounted dangerous Fortis cons 100. cent 2. both when Bloud is voided above measure and when it is totally stopt VIII It ought to be observed that they are in a gross errour who in an excessive Flux of the Haemorrhoids from the Vessels being opened do set Cupping-glasses to the Back-bone and several ways draw from the Hips to the Neck or Shoulders thinking by these means the Bloud will be retracted Whereas by these means granting the circulation of the Bloud more Bloud is drawn to the place affected and the Vessels are opened by increasing the Flux of Bloud in the greater Vessels which being afterwards quickned at the Heart Frid. Hofmannus increases its Flux in the Arteries ¶ Scarifications Cuppings Ligatures Frictions although they be proper for Revulsion in other Haemorrhagies wherein the Bloud comes out of the Branches of the Vena cava yet here since they can neither exhaust the Bloud out of the Vena cava nor derive it from the Mesaraicks to any other place they will doe little good IX Fernelius lib. 6. de Part. morb Symptomat c. 10. has observed which I also have observed that sometimes there comes out of the Podex without Pain or Bloud some mucous or whitish Filth which some mistake for Pus He thinks it is as it were the Slime and Dregs of melancholick Bloud which the sedal Veins do void a long time commonly after tedious melancholick Diseases and hard riding Platerus writes that this comes the same way as Womens Whites That like as in Women Nature rids her self of that white matter by the menstrual Veins so here she does it by the haemorrhoidal of a matter not unlike the white tenaceous Menstrua Sâ—â—nerius X. These Veins are not all of them of one sort as has hitherto been believed by many but some are internal arising from the Porta others external from the Cava to which the haemorrhoidal Arteries are joined by which the humours to be evacuated are carried Onely the internal were known to the Ancients commended as in splenick and melancholick Diseases and as if they might be opened about the Podex or Leeches might be applied to them whereas no Branches of the Porta that lies within do reach the Skin which may be cut They differ 1. In their original for the internal come from the Porta sometimes from the splenick Branch whence comes the Vas breve The external from the hypogastrick Branch of the Cava 2. In insertion for the internal are inserted into the substance of the Intestinum rectum The external into the musculous substance of the Anus 3. In number the internal is one the external three 4. In the qualities of the contained Bloud the Bloud of the internal is thick and black of the external thin and red 5. In their use the internal empty the Porta and help obstructions of the Spleen the external do empty the Cava and Liver by accident but primarily the great Artery and the Heart yea their evacuation cures sanguine Diseases of the Head Breast c. which Hippocrates also mentions in his Aphorisms hence the internal are said to cure a Cacochymie the external a Plethory 6. In profusion of Bloud the Flux of the internal is not so plentifull of the external so great sometimes that Death or grievous Diseases do follow 7. In evacuation of the external there is no pain or griping in the Belly sometimes also no pain in the Anus which in evacuation of the internal do afflict 8. Arteries do not accompany the internal Veins the external Veins descend to the Muscles of the Anus with the Arteries Tho. Bartholinus libello 1. ca. 4. therefore these are more rightly called haemorrhoidal Vessels XI We often see thick and black humours evacuated by the Haemorrhoids that run spontaneously But we must know that this Bloud comes not from the Spleen but from the Plethory of the whole Body into these Veins and is discharged as into the more ignoble parts where if it tarry it may easily fall into corruption and putrefaction so that it looks like a sort of Imposthume Walaeus Met. Med. p. 86. and these Haemorrhoids seem to be a kind of Varices XII Hippocrates lib. de Vict. acut and lib. de Haemorrhoid propounds Tying Cutting and Burning saving one open which operation as being very laborious and exceeding dangerous is grown obsolete in our times Yet Massoria says he once saw this operation the History whereof it may be usefull to describe because from thence the manner of operation and the event will appear Fridericus Corsicus had been ill first of a Pain then of an immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids And when he had tried many Remedies in vain he at length betook himself to Padua where the Physicians by common consent resolved that the Bloud must be stopt by manual operation A Neapolitan Chirurgeon who professed that thing was called The Haemorrhoids were cut tied and burnt The sum of the operation is this First they conveniently bind the Man then they excarnate the extreme heads of the Haemorrhoids how many soever they be and gently separate them from the Intestine then with a certain proper strong Needle with a Thread they perforate them all almost to the end and tye them strait and sew them when this is done they clip off the part of the Veins which is above the Suture and fear it with a red hot Iron Truly a very painfull and tiresome Work what with the Ligature Section and the Burning A Fever and great Pain came upon Frederick but the Chirurgeon using some of his own Remedies he in a few days was free from his Fever Pain and Haemorrhoids to the admiration of many But it must not be omitted that he being over confident of himself did not onely omit Bleeding and Purging but kept no good Diet and the next year he died of a pestilential Fever Wherefore Hippocrates his Rule Aphor. 12. 6. must be observed that one Haemorrhoid should be kept open Unless according to Aetius the Patient
and an Oedematous one X. The Physician must labour to know an internal one XI Vnguents are not very proper XII I. AS 1. All the bloud is carried by the Arteries from the Heart to all and each of the containing parts of the body both for their vivification nutrition and increase and for the separation of all the humours or contents usefull and useless some way or other from the rest of the mass So the same after this multifarious benefit multifariously conferred on both bodies being residuous and surviving but deprived of some part of it self or effoete is again carried by the Veins from all and each of the same containing parts to the Heart there to be renewed by the mutual mixture of various concurring parts and by their effervescence and vital rarefaction afterwards 2. And this reciprocal flux and reflux of the bloud is called now the Circulation of the bloud 3. But the Bloud is sometimes hindred in its reflux when it either stagnates and stops in its Vessels and Passages or is poured out of them whether it be into the Substance of the adjoining parts or into the Cavities of the body or whether it happen out of the Body 4. The Bloud stagnates in its Vessels either through an excessive Plethora called ad Vasa or as to the Vessels or by reason of their narrowness caused either by their compression or obstruction 5. The Veins are compressed so as to hinder the reflux of the Bloud sometimes by hard tumours adjoining sometimes by bands about the parts which straiten both the Veins and Arteries 6. The Veins are stopt sometimes by the Bloud it self or Phlegm coagulated and concrete in them sometimes though rarely by a Stone bred in them and increased by degrees 7. By Veins I understand as most do the cavernous substance of each part by which the Bloud for the most of it passes out of the Arteries into the Veins 8. The Bloud is coagulated both by the extreme cold of the Air or Water affecting the Parts very much and by powerfull astringent or austere Medicines communicated to the Bloud either inwardly or outwardly and congealing it 9. Phlegm is coagulated in the said Vessels by the same causes but most frequently by the cold of the Air Water Drink or of other things suddenly seizing the parts that were hot before either inwardly or outwardly thickning and curdling the Phlegm especially the viscid which has by some cause or other been dissolved in the small Gut and carried thence into the Bloud and dispersed every way with it 10. Where note the more causes concur and the more peccant they are so much more easily quickly and plentifully is the said Phlegm dissolved and carried to the Bloud 11. And the Bloud stagnating in the said Vessels and gathered by little and little distends them more and more and so indeed that sometimes they burst or afford a passage for it some way or other upon which there happens then an effusion of the bloud out of its vessels whether it stick in the substance of the adjacent parts or be gathered in some adjoining cavity of the Body or be all poured out of the body 12. The Bloud as yet inclosed and remaining in the capillary vessels and it may be also in the sinuous substance of any part intermediate to them or poured out of its said usual passages but open and patent into the porous substance whatever it is of the parts themselves and especially the carnous or membranous or into their interstices and gathered in a moderate quantity at least does of it self presently grow hot and produces a troublesome sense of Heat in the sensible part and being by degrees corrupted it uses to turn into pus or sanies Wherefore the first mutation is called an Inflammation as the latter is called an Abscess or Imposthume 13. And I think the Bloud grows hot or breeds an Inflammation inasmuch as its spirituous and more volatile and subtile parts which used to temper the acid and saline ones presently begin to vanish when it stops in its distinct vessels or in any other place that is stagnates Upon which both of them being made more sharp do fight one with the other and raise a hot effervescence by reason of the oily parts of the bloud and by little and little so corrupt the bloud that it turns to pus which varies according to the variety of the corrupt bloud Sylvius de le Bâ—◠¶ For the Cure therefore of the Inflammation and of the Abscess that would then follow it is requisite 1. That the Compression or Obstruction of the vessels be removed 2. That the motion of the stagnating or stopping bloud be restored 3. That the Bloud poured out of its vessels may if possible be removed thence before its suppuration 4. If it cannot be removed and so suppuration cannot be hindred that it may be maturated and promoted 5. That discharging the pus when bred may be hastned 6. That cleansing and consolidation of the Ulcer may quickly be finished As to the first Indication and Obstruction see Tit. de Pleuritide BOOK XIV where one thing should be added concerning Externals that volatile Salts may be here used outwardly with great success if at the time of using they be mixt in a small quantity with Fomentations Cataplasms Unguents c. For the second Indication Sudorificks are good as by their help the bloud is not onely made more fluid but moreover it is actually put in motion being more and more rarefied by the volatile Salt that is in Sudorificks And Venaesection inasmuch as the next bloud comes into the room of that which is let out and so more room being made for all the bloud it moves both quicker and stronger wherefore that which stagnated and stopt first in the Vessels now that the Plethora is removed stops no more but renews its interrupted motion For the third Indication these things given inwardly hinder the coagulation of the bloud Crabs-eyes Antimonium Diaphoreticum Mummy Sperma Ceti Galbanum Sagapenum Opium c. The Part affected may be anointed with Vnguentum Martiatum de Althaea compositum or any other Aromatick May Butter and Butter prepared with the Juice of aromatick Plants adding sometimes aromatick Oils distilled Among Plasters this de Spermate Ceti is highly commended Take of white Wax four ounces Sperma Ceti two ounces Galbanum dissolved in Vinegar one ounce Mix them Make a Plaster or Sparadrap Which not onely preserves the Bloud in all external parts of the Body but Milk also in the Breasts from Coagulation yea it dissolves and discusses it if but gently coagulated The fourth Indication is satisfied by emollient and maturating Medicines But when pituitous and viscous Humours are mixt with the Bloud sometimes the Bulbs of Onions Squills c. must be added to them sometimes Bdellium Galbanum Ammoniack and the like liquid Stirax Wax Turpentine and Honey Where a great Heat is in the inflamed part and the Patients cannot
Diagnostick of this is very difficult so I think the Cure of it is no less rare When there is suspicion of it Saline Medicines especially seem to be of use and such of them must be given as are endued with a Volatil or Acid Salt And the same things must not be given together but these for some space of time and when they will do no good others may be tried 1. Spirit of Sal Ammoniack compound with Millepedes or distilled with other Antasthmaticks 3 Ounces The Dose from 15 Drops to 20 thrice a day in some Julep or appropriate Water 2. Spirit of Sea-Salt or Vitriol impregnated distilled and often cohobated with Spirit of Wine and Pneumonick Herbs 3 Drachms The Dose from 15 Drops to 20 in the same manner 3. The Palpitation of the Heart is often a Convulsive Affection and is usually produced by the like cause and way of efficiency whereby other Hypochondriack and Asthmatick Diseases are usually produced The Cure whereof must in like manner be attempted by Antispasmodick Remedies c. Willis Saxonia mentions this last sort Praelect Pract. parte 2. cap. 1. It must be observed says he that it is caused by some fault in the Nerves alone nothing appearing amiss in the Brain Breast or Muscles Which I observed in my Brother whom I perfectly restored by the use of Treacle only applied to the beginning of the Spinal Marrow XVI The Trembling of the Heart which they commonly call the Passion of the Heart is a Disease distinct yea quite another from the Palpitation of it For in the Trembling the Carnous or Motive Fibres seem to be affected by themselves and the Morbifick cause does not in this as in the other Disease consist in the Blood or in the Arteries of the Heart The trembling of the Heart may be described to be a Spasmodick Convulsion or rather a Trepidation of it wherein the Motive Fibres do very quickly make only semicontracted and very speedy Systoles and Diastoles but abrupt and as it were half strokes so that the Blood can be brought into the Ventricles of the Heart and carried out only by small portions The formal reason seems to consist in this that the Animal Spirits belonging to some certain Muscles do start restless out of the Tendons continually into the Flesh and return and so in a perpetual vicissitude they repeat their Excursions and Recursions in the mean time when they are only exalted with small Forces so that they do not fill up the Carnous Fibres and they stay in these Fibres only a short time and although they make sometimes frequent efforts yet they are weak insomuch that the Members and Limbs are not moved out of their places by the Muscles so perpetually agitated and the Heart during its trembling how quickly soever shaken yet it is scarce able to drive the Blood about as is plainly manifest from the little and as it were tremulous pulse and a decay of all strength As to the Conjunct and Procartarctick Causes whereby namely the Muscular Spirits are made so instable or acquire this Desultory Faculty it seems that some Heterogeneous and Elastick Matter having past the Brain and Nervous Ducts then is carried into the Muscles and the Tendinous ends of them where mixing now and then with the Spirits it irritates them so that they can be quiet no where but run hither and thither continually and in the mean time they either omit or do not strenuously perform their proper Offices The cause of the trembling of the Heart is commonly laid upon the Spleen for it is vulgarly supposed that foul Vapours are by this parts being obstructed or otherwise amiss sent to the Heart which seising of it make it so shake and tremble yea as if it were in a cold fit This Opinion has gained some credit because Hypochondriacks or Spleneticks are found to be very subject to the Cardiack Passion But the reason why they that are reckoned Splenetick and Hysterick are so commonly troubled with the Passion of the Heart is the great affinity and intimate communication between the Splenetick and Cardiack Nerves so that not only the affection of one Part does draw another easily into consent but if at any time Spasmodick Matter falls upon the Branches of the Nerves belonging to the Spleen or Bowels in the lower Belly it seldom misses but the same in like manner scises those that belong to the Heart As for the method of Cure to be followed in the Cure of the Passion of the Heart because it is a Disease meerly Spasmodick therefore not Cardick but rather Cephalick and Nervous Medicines are indicated which yet according to the Temperament and Complexion of the Patient must be hot or moderate and sometimes of this sometimes of the other nature That I may comprehend the business in short three sorts of Medicines use to do the most good in this Disease Testaceous Chalybeates and things endued with a volatil salt Therefore first of all provision being made by evacuating the whole Medicines may be prescribed Idem which shall seem to be most useful Medicines especially made use of by eminent Physicians 1. Let a Man take this Potion inwardly which I have seen do good to a miracle Take of Water of Boragè 5 ounces Syrup of Borage 1 ounce Julep of Roses Cinnamon Water each half an ounce dissolved Pearl 2 drachm◠dissolved Gold 1 drachm Crato Mix them 2. Spirit of Balm alone cures the Palpitation of the Heart when the Body is purged Take of Regulus of Antimony 2 ounces the best Gold 2 drachms Melt them in a Crucible then reduce them to Powder add of red Coral Pearl each 2 drachms Mix them through a Sive Add the like weight of the best Nitre Burn them in a hot Fire for three hours Powder them very fine Wash it in sweet Water Put it into a Glass retort with the best Spirit of Wine and distil the Spirit cohobating it three or four times upon the Powder So it is prepared for an excellent Bezoardick Powder which in virtue excels the Bezoar-Stone The Dose half a drachm with Water of Carduus Benedictus Fabe◠Meadow-sweet or Balm It is given to drive out in Palpitation of the Heart Malignant Fevers and the Small Pox. 3. For the Palpitation of the Heart I ordered the following Bag to be applied to the Heart Take of dry Balm 4 handfuls the Cordial Flowers 1 pugil shred them grossly Make a Bag. When it was applied to the Heart the Palpitation ceased to a miracle There is an admirable virtue in Balm both taken inwardly and applied outwardly I took green Balm and Borage bruised them a little laid them upon a hot Tile sprinkled them with a little Rose Water and Vinegar and applied them to the Heart Forestus and the Palpitation of it ceased to the admiration of all Men. 4. The Juice extracted out of Weather's Hearts strengthens the Heart wonderfully Take the Heart of a Weather or a
the Viscera by the mediation of the Heart For when the Head does destil Rheum upon the Lungs and the Liver supplies an impure Blood to the Heart which the Heart pours out again into the Lungs their Substance is thereby infected but that taint flows not from the Heart but from the Distemper'd and ill Conditition'd Viscera which send impure Blood to the Heart whose â—ault the Heart cannot correct but by many Circulations Now the Lungs cannot receive Humours from the Head without a Cough for if this be wanting they suffer only from the Blood of the Heart for the Lungs alone are supplied with Blood from the Heart receiving Vessels therefrom Riolan eâ—enchir Anatomic l. 3. c. 6. and not from the Cava XXV Medicines that raise a greater fermentation are not to be added to Eclegma's or Lambitives Thus 't is well known that the Flowers of Sulphur and the Milk of Sulphur so called are excellent Pectorals and yet 't is adviseable to give them rather in any other mixâ—ure than that of Lambitives or Electuaries The same may be said of Salts which 't is better to omit also because they are not so friendly to the Breast For 't is certain by Experience that the mixing of Sulphurate Remedies with sweet does in a specâ—al manner cause a fermentation whence a resolution and impetus being made such Lambitives which also of themselves are apt to ferment after the manner of other sweet things mixt with what is Heterogeneous incline to the out-parts of the Vessel so that the Vessel seems always full Wedel de medicin compos 140. though every day something be drained thence ¶ Lambitives are naught for the Stomach for sweet things as Macrobius says rightly are enemies to Concoction for by the continued use of them especially they loosen the sides of the Stomach dull its heat and impair its ferment so that Montanus himself Cons 32. rightly admonishes us not to give them but on an empty Stomach lest Concoction be hindred Hence they destroy the appetite so that where there is a weakness of the Stomach especially a flagginess they are more sparingly or not at all to be used Idem p. 143. but always when we use them we must have regard to the tone of the Stomach XXVI Lambitives do not bind safely for they ferment the Humours and by their proper sweetness do rather smooth lubricate and mollifie than bind so that we must not wholly trust to these in salt acrimonious and thin Catarrhs nor in Spitting of Blood it self whence it may be noted as a Rule That Lambitives are indeed proper only for the Lungs Fr. Sylv. m. m. l. 2. c. 18. but yet not they alone for the Lungs alone and that by altering XXVII The simple Flowers of Sulphur are better than the Compound As entia or several distinct Medicines use almost in every case to be multiplied by Chymists without necessity so is the same observed in the Flowers of Sulphur for some prepare them with Aloes Benzoe Saffron Myrrh the Colcoâ—har of Vitriol Nitre that they may look white with common Salt c. and then give them among their Arcana but generally with light and small success For what does Colcothar communicate but a Corrosive Acrimonious Quality What afford Aloes Saffron or Myrrh but an Empyreuma For these have no quality to fly away or be sublimed and they are burnt up the more by a double Fire as it were And so great a change being made the vertues which we expected cannot but fail also Wedel Pharm p. 137. so that 't is better to join other proper things to the Flowers themselves of Sulphur XXVIII As often as Acids are used to cut Phlegm so often they are not to be given alone but mixt with sweet and Sugared things in a small quantity lest if they should be given more singly they should by their Acrimony too much irritate the Lungs to cough Fr. Sylv. m. m. l. 2. c. 18. and so should do more hurt than good XXIX When the Scrum is too Acrimonious some things are to be used which may temper it because through its Acrimony it does not only by its twitching cause frequent Coughing and wearies the Lungs but also frets the Coat of the Wind-Pipe and by degrees creates an Ulcer in the Lungs It s most frequent Acrimony is a Salt Muriatick more rarely such as is very acid its sowrness uses to cause singular disturbance The Salt Muriatick Acrimony of the Scrum is temper'd and blunted in part by the Incrassaters to be presently mentioned which by their Emplastick vertue do lenifie that Acrimony and this they do more effectually if Opiats be joined with them as the Pills commonly known called Pil. de Cynoglossa and de Styrace do testifie which are very well fitted for this purpose and might be yet more fit if by adding Sugar they were made up into Tablets or Troches and held in the Mouth for so a far greater part of them passes to the Lungs than when they are made up into Pills and swallow'd though even so they are likewise observ'd to be very effectual though every Caviller is not presently satisfied in the way by which the vertue of the Medicine is transmitted to the Lungs We therefore recommend the said Pills de Cynoglossa and de Styrace for Salt Muriatick or briny Humours that are flown into the Wind-Pipe and ought to be expectorated thence in as much as they both temper their salt Acrimony and lessen their too great fluidity and so procure to them a Consistence convenient for Expectoration Sylv. de le Boe prax lib. 1. cap. 19. and for Expulsion by Coughing whatsoever several bawl to the contrary XXX The Serum be it of what taste it will ought all of it in general to be incrassated that it may the more easily be Expectorated for otherwise it escapes the violence of the expired Air and can be expelled but slowly and by much Coughing The Serum is incrassated by Gum Tragacanth Gum Arabick the Roots of Marsh-mallows Comphrey c. of which with Sugar Troches may be made which being held a good while in the Mouth and by little and little dissolved by the Spittle do leisurely tend to the Wind-Pipe and thicken therein the over-fluid Serum making it fit to be the easilier expelled by the help of the Air in Expiration Idem XXXI As to Medicines correcting an Humour offending by a more pure acidity and helping Expectoration they are the same which correct the Salt Muriatick Serum and moreover such as concentrate and infringe Acids such as Crabs Eyes Pearls Corals Chalk all sorts of sealed Earth c. But because the Wind-Pipe uses to be fretted sooner and sorer by an acid Serum 't is necessary not only to use the Remedies that more effectually correct it but they must moreover be so prepared and administred that a good part of them may be carried into the said Wind-Pipe Wherefore the most convenient form will
affectus or Distempers of the Feet The Contents A cruel Pain cured by a Cautery I. The Sweat and Stinking of the Feet is to be cautiously stopt II. I. A Woman for five years together was taken two or three times a day with a very cruel Pain in the Soal of her left Foot it rose from a thick Flatus mixt with tough Phlegm a weakness of the part accompanying with heat redness hardness Many Remedies being used in vain at last an actual Cautery is affixed to the Pained Part after the falling off of the Eschar there flow'd for fifteen days a virulent Matter in great plenty Zacut. prax adm p. 2. obs â—â—t and the Patient was freed of her Pain II. Seeing Excrements are collected about the Extremities of our Bodies the Hands and Feet as the most remote from the Heart more naturally or plentifully than in any other parts of the Limbs so that our Hands grow dirty and our Feet are almost crusted over with virulent and stinking Sordes we must be very careful not to hinder the usual defecation there Wherefore such as pull not off their Boots or Shoes when they go to sleep do great injury to their Feet And those consult ill for their health who to hinder the stinking of their Feet put in their Shoes Myrtle Leaves Filings of Iron c. For as the Arteries endeavour to discharge themselves of their Excrements in these parts so when the Defecation as I may call it is hindred any way the Veins are made to absorb the same together with the Arterial Blood which is carried back to the Heart by means of the Circulation and wants still to be defecated Simon Paull quadr bot Penis affectus or Diseases of the Tard The Contents A Caution in cutting off part of the Tard when it is gangren'd I. We must not after Section use an actual Cautery to stanch the Blood II. The abuse of Cathereticks in rooting out of Caruncles III. Cautions about taking away a Caruncle IV. The Penetration by Rushes is dangerous V. A Caution in putting up a Catheter VI. How a Caruncle may be consumed without injuring the Urethra VII Quick-Silver and Precipitate safely cure a Caries of the Yard VIII The Cure of a Crystalline Bladder of the Glans IX The Vlcers of the Glans are to be handled gently X. The Cure of a Phimosis XI When the Prepuce grows to the Glans they are to be very warily parted the one from the other XII How a Node of the Yard is to be cured XIII The Cure of a Phimosis and Paraphimosis when caused by a wholsom Coitus XIV The Cure thereof when gotten by a Clap. XV. Coolers and Repellers are not to be used in the beginning XVI The Cure of a Paraphimosis in Infants XVII I. IF any Portion be to be cut off from a Gangren'd Yard we ought presently to put into the Vrethra some Pipe or a Wax Candle for Pissing otherwise all that which remains of the substance of the Yard retires within the Body so that thereby the Urine cannot pass forth The Erection of the Yard perishes by the Incision Walaeus meth mod p. 157. for the Spirits can no longer be retained in the Nervous Bodies II. When the Yard is cut off an actual Cautery for stanching the Blood is very dangerous both because it obstructs the Urinary Passage and also is apt to cause an Inflammation in the Bladder and Circumjacent parts I order my Servants to take care of stanching the Blood by holding continually one after another Stupes to the part wet in Water and Vinegar Hildan cent 3. obs 88. and besprinkled with an astringent Pouder III. To root out Caruncles in the Vrethra many do too boldly put up Wax Candles besmeared with Corroding Medicines by the over great biting whereof I have not only seen loss of substance in the Vrethra H. a Moinichen obs 17. but also a Gangrene which infected not only the Perinaeum but also the inside of each Thigh and consumed these parts with a foul Mortification to the destruction of the Patient ¶ A Noble Person being troubled with a Caruncle from a virulent Gonorrhoea when the Surgeon had injected with a Syringe a sharp Liquor into the Urinary passage there presently arose a great Pain whereupon followed an Inflammation and a Fever his Urine was quite suppress'd Hildan cent 4. obs 54. and he died in a few days IV. The original of a Caruncle in the Yard is sometimes to be attributed to a Gonorrhoea in the inflammatory stiffness whereof the Chord as the Vulgar call it being broken in Copulation or to speak more artificially the Membrane of the Vrethra being torn which is contracted and mâ—de shorter by force of the Inflammation and Tumour after a large Hemorrhage such as is usual upon those strainings and violent tearings there remains an Ulcer out of which by degrees there arises a Fungus namely a Preternatural Tumour and Disease in the Urinary Passage that cannot be safely and certainly rooted out any other way than by such Medicins as consume it by immediate contact Those Spongy Thymus's use to run with a Purulent Matter which has generally been taken for a Gonorrhoea by such as have less accurately consider'd the source of this Malady Hence there appear Threeds of Pus floating in the Urine part of which Matter I think also to flow from the Prostates which have been afflicted a long time by an Intemperies not wanting Malignity destructive of the Natural Heat and injurious to all the Functions I cured a Nobleman that had been afflicted fifteen years with such a Caruncle Considering diligently all the difficulties but especially his delicate Nature the most exquisite sense whereof reputed even the easiest Chirurgical Remedies for the cruellest Torments I put mine hand to the work and having premised Universals I consumed the whole Caruncle with little pain by an often repeated application of a Catheretick by a Wax-Candle it was pretty hard and three Fingers breadth long possessing almost half the length of the Vrethra The nearness of the neck of the Bladder gave me no small trouble when I came to the end but especially that small Tubercle which by a gaping mouth gives passage to the Seed into the Vrethra whose bulk being increased by an afflux of Humours would have impos'd upon an unskilful Artist and persuaded the further use of eating Medicines But take this as a Secret from me in the Cure of a Caruncle That 't is better cured by delay than haste As often as the lips of the Ulcer swell being irritated by Medicines Theodor. de Mayerne tract de Arthrit p. 145. they fall again by the application of Lenients and which is strange the most pertinacious obstacles vanish of themselves in a few days V. Because it happens sometimes in a suppression of Urine that there are found a great many Caruncles that hinder its passage and the application of Medicines if neither Baths nor Anointings
to the perforation of the Urinary Passage XIII There sometimes happens an odd kind of Distemper to those who are too much addicted to Venery some call it a Node of the Yard though when that is faln and become flaggy there appear nothing amiss yet he that handles the part throughly may perceive a certain small Tumour resembling a Bean or Glandule I have known several that have been ignorant of the Cause apply Emollients hereto thinking to discuss that hardish substance as if it were filled with some Humour But they have been so far from discussing of it Jul. Caesar Arantius l. de Tumor cap. 50. Sennert pract l. 4. part 9. s 1. c. 8. that the Patients have daily grown worse their Yard bending like a Rams Horn to that side where the Tumour was c. Those things therefore are to be used which are prescribed for a Rupture of the Navel or other Ruptures Astringent Fomentations c. XIV If a Phimosis and Paraphimosis proceed from a vehement Corius the Glans remaining still tumefied if it be fomented a good while with very cold Water it will detumefie and then the Prepuce may easily be drawn over the Glans Riolan Enchir Anat. l. 2. c. 31. This is an admirable Secret XV. I knew a Surgeon in Holland that to such as were troubled with a virulent Phimosis and Paraphimosis gave presently at the beginning an infusion of Stibium Hyacinthinum which is not much to be found fault with in the strong and Phlegmatick especially if Crocus Metallorum should be used in stead of Stibium for it not only evâ—cuates the offending Matter but also revels from the part affected but in the wasted and weak Practitioners know it to be no safe Medicin And we must diligently also consider whether the Whore had the Pox for then we must abstain from the Crocus Metallorum because with a certain violence it draws even from the remotest parts to the centre of the Body as also from all Medicins that purge violently by Vomit lest the offending Matter be drawn from the Genitals to the Liver and an universal Disease be made of a particular one which I have observed to happen in some Fabr. Hild. cent 5. obs 57. 'T is better therefore as I have always done with the greatest success to purge the Body gently XVI Some because they see an Inflammation present do forthwith apply Coolers and Repellers to the part affected but they do ill for by that means they repel the viru ent and malignant Matter contracted from impure Embraces and rivet it as it were into the part whence afterwards there arise virulent and malignant Ulcers But in respect of the Pain which is the principal symptom I apply an Anodyne Cataplasm of the Flowr of Beans and Barley the Seeds of Quinces and Fenugreek Red Rose Leaves pouder'd Saffron and Milk with the Yelks of Eggs anointing the whole Yard unless the vehemence of the Inflammation hinder for Oyl is bad for Inflammations as Galen teacheth with this Oyl Take of Oyl of Sweet Almonds newly drawn and of Roses of each an ounce of the Yelks of Eggs half an ounce Mix them Idem ibid. XVII It happens sometimes that from the bad Diet of the Nurse an Acrimonious Humour falls upon the Genitals of the Infant and there causes an itching and upon rubbing of the part there happens a Paraphimosis that is the Prepuce turns back to behind the Glans and cannot be drawn over it again the Humours flowing together betwixt the Glans and Prepuce yea there sometimes happens an Inflammation from the Acrimony of the Urine Some foolish Barbers cruelly handle Infants thus diseased with deep Scarifications and applications of Acrimoniouâ— Medicins Therefore I will here set down the Remedies whereby I have cured many I first prescribe to the Nurse a thin and cooling Diet then I purge her according to the nature of the predominant Humour But if the Child be weaned I give it at several times from one to three drachms of the compound Syrup of Roses Solutive If the Nurse be Plethorick after purging her I bleed her From the beginning if there be Pain and Inflammation I apply this Cataplasm Take of the Crumb of White Bread three ounces the Pouder of Roses and Balaustins of each two drachms of Saffron a scruple of fresh Butter an ounce of Cows Milk as much as suffices with the Yelk of an Egg make a Cataplasm If the Disease be stubborn I use the following Take of Bean-Flowr two ounces the Pouder of the tops of Wormwood Chamomel Flowers Elder Flowers of each three drachms of the Pouder of Fenugreek Seed two drachms of Cummin Seed three drachms boil them in harsh Wine and make a Cataplasm If there be Excoriation in stead of the Wine I use a Decoction of the Flowers of Chamomel Melilot Elder and Roses Idem ibid. obs 58. Peripneumonia or Inflammation of the Lungs The Contents Whether a Vein be to be opened I. Bleed freely II. Blood is to be let till its colour change III. Let the Orifice be large and the Blood suffer'd to run out in one continued Stream IV. Cupping-Glasses ought to be applied first to the Arms and afterwards to the Breast and Back V. Purging is sometimes good in the beginning VI. Sometimes in the progress VII Purging and Vomits generally do harm VIII Clysters ought to be often injected but such as are gentle IX Let Expectoraters be alter'd according to the state or season of the Disease X. Incrassating Eclegâ—â—s are prudently to be administred XI Hot Attenuaters do hurt XII Whether drinking of cold Water be good XIII Whether sweet things be to be given XIV The Patients may be allowed to drink freely XV. Whether Wine be to be granted XVI The application of Repellents does harm XVII How to remedy Vigiliae or want of sleep in this Disease XVIII I. THere is no small dispute concerning Phlebotomy for 't is written that Blood is to be let out by common Veins whereas no Vein that uses to be opened has any communication with the Veins of the Lungs nor are any branches distributed to the Lungs from the Vena Cava as Galen has in several places disputed against Erasistratus Besides the motion of Nature shews this for whereas in Diseases of the Viscera and burning Fevers bleeding at the Nose is Critical it is not so in a Peripneumony because the Veins of the Nose that pour forth the Blood have no communication with the Lungs If it be true that the Blood does naturally pass from the right Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs and from thence is brought back into the left Ventricle that it may be sent forth by the Aorta and if the Circulation of the Blood be admitted who sees not that in Diseases of the Lungs the Blood flows thither in greater plenty and oppresses the Lungs unless it be first evacuated freely and afterwards often a little at a â—ime to relieve them This
was Hippocrates'â— way who when the Lungs are swoln draws Blood from all the parts of the Body the Head Nose Tongue Arms and Feet that the quantity thereof may be lessened and it may be revelled from the Lungs In Diseases of the Lungs he bids us Bleed as long almost as there is any Blood in the Body The Circulation of the Blood being supposed the Lungs are easily emptied by Venesection if it be denied I see not how the Blood can be revelled thence for if it be to flow back again into the right Ventricle by the Vena Arteriosa the Sigmoides Valves hinder and the three pointed Valves stop its regress into the Cava out of the right Ventricle Thereâ—ore by the Circulation the Blood is exhausted thence by opening the Veins of the Arm and Foot 〈…〉 and the Opinion of Fernelius is withal destroyed viz. That in Diseases of the Lungs Blood is rather to be drawn from the right Arm than the left because the Blood cannot pass back into the Cava but by breaking through two stops and obstacles placed in the Heart II. And if Blood be to be let at several times and not all at once for fear of swooning yet it is to be let pretty freely for the first time for unless there be a plentiful bleeding on the first days suppuration is to be feared But when the Lungs abound with much Blood we ought not to be afraid of opening a Vein three four five or six times Yet if it succeed a Quinsy or Pleurisy Enchir. med pract we must take greater care how we Bleed III. Phlebotomy is requisite in almost every Peripneumony yea sometimes it ought to be repeated often for the Vessels being emptied of Blood do not only withdraw the fomes of the Disease but also resorb the Matter settled in the part affected Now in a Peripneumony as also in a Pleurisy the Blood that is taken away after it is cold has a tough and discolour'd thin skin on its surface Further we may observe that sometimes all the Blood and sometimes only a portion of it undergoes this change for if the Blood be received into three or four Porringers it will appear bad sometimes in all but most commonly in the second and third and pretty good in the first and last Wherefore 't is commonly advised to bleed always so long till that which is so depraved shall begin to run out and if the strength will endure it to let the Blood continue to run till it appear good again Indeed as frequent Experience so likewise Reason does well enough approve of this practice in as much as in this Disease the whole Blood does not presently acquire that lentor or sliminess the portions that are first depraved are mostly gather'd together about the place of obstruction and stick all about in the lesser Vessels Wherefore the Blood that first comes out will often be faultless but then the Vessels being emptied will receive the other Morbifick Blood that stagnated before and restore it to the Circulation And seeing its portions that are placed near march all in a body as it were when they arrive at the Orifice of the Vein they will issue out together and when they are issued forth that which comes after presently appears purer Willis IV. Wherefore in this case let the Orifice be always large and let the Blood not only issue forth in a full but also in a continued Stream for otherwise if in the middle of the bleeding whilst the naughty Blood is running out the Orifice be stopt with ones Finger as some use to do lest the Spirits should fail when it is opened again the Blood that comes out next will be pure enough the bad Blood if there shall be any behind having slid by and will not return presently to the Orifice Idem V. If it be feared lest the strength should be cast down by Venesection one may apply Cupping-Glasses with Scarification to the Arms and Breast which draw the Blood from the depth of the Breast to the Skin and External parts Yet 't is convenient they should be first applied to the Muscles of the Arms that the Blood may in some measure be evacuated and averted from the Lungs and afterwards to the Shoulder-Blades and to the Breast if it be fleshy For though it seem to be a near place yet it is at some distance from the Lungs and the Attraction is made from the inner parts to the outer Sennertus ¶ For Diversion Aretaeus substituted empty Cupping-Glasses in stead of Venesection ordering them to be applied to the Bâ—ck and other parts of the Body and for derivation to the Breast and Sides Paulus proposes Scarified ones Fortis cons 49. cent 1. which yet are not to be applied but to the deplorable ¶ If the Body be fleshy so that the Cupping-Glass when it is set on will not afflict the Skin that invests the Bones there apply one for by that means the Humours will be drawn aside to any part of the Body and the Spirits are called out to the outer parts whereby the Lungs are oppressed Nor do I approve of their Opinion who when there wants sufficient strength for Venesection at the beginning supply it with Scarified Cupping-Glasses applied to the Breast and Back seeing Galen is altogether against it 11. Meth c. 17. and 13. cap. 19. For at that time it will be sufficient to fasten them first to the Muscles of the Arms that the flowing Humour may after some sort be evacuated and diverted and afterwards let them be applied to the Breast Mercatus if as was said before the Body be fleshy VI. Purging is sometimes convenient in a Peripneumony before the seventh day though it be then thought pernicious Mr. N. sixty years of age was ill of a Phlegmatick Peripneumony which was known by a Cough difficulty of breathing a Fever a pain under the left Shoulder and a flushing in his Face And whereas he seem'd to be full of much Phlegm and had vomited up a pretty quantity thereof and had had three or four Stools by a Clyster which had been injected the next day after bleeding which he did but once a Purge was given him of an infusion of Rhubarb with Manna and Syrup of Roses by which he was very well purged on the fourth day of his illness and the next day after was freed from his Fever and the other Symptoms River cent 1. obs 98. ¶ The impetus of the Matter is to be revoked by pretty sharp Clysters and the plenty of Crude Humours to be lessened thereby But we must take heed of disturbing the Belly too much for as Hippocrates tells us a Flux of the Belly is dangerous in a Peripneumony unless that be frothy which is expelled wherefore Avicen does not commend the purging of Humours in this Disease for the Humour being moved is exagitated more furiously and flows more plentifully into the part affected besides that the
remain so little of Excrements that it may be drawn aside by the Bath it is better to let alone the Diarrhâ—a that is ready to cease of it self than to vitiate the whole Body for a thing that is not at all necessary But neither does he grant a Bath to those who are too Costive and adding and was not loosened before he shews the Cause namely some are costive after a great loosness as men are generally after Purging Physick in which case bathing is not prejudicial but if the Belly be bound and no evacuation went before it then contains a great deal of Excrement and Filth and we said before that we must not bathe when the Belly is full of Meat how much less when it is full of Excrements and in such case therefore one must not bathe unless his Belly be first loosned namely if upon any account we be compelled to bring such to the Bath we must first draw down the Excrements with a Clyster as we are wont to do for letting of Blood Nor must those bathe whose Faculties languish namely this Remedy is a pretty strong evacuator and therefore it requires strength to bear it Now that the evacuation is great that is caused by a Bath is shewn in the next Paragraph Yet we will not on this account keep the Hectick from Baths but according to their strength we will bathe them more or less gentlier or stronglier and some indeed not at all Neither those who are troubled with a Nausea or belch somewhat that is bilious these namely are the signs of a great Cacochymie which we have shewed to be a sufficient hindrance of bathing Nor those who Bleed at the Nose unless they bleed less than they should do for if they bleed less it is good to bathe whether the whole Body receive benefit from the flux of Blood more than by any other Remedy as in those that labour under a Plethory of the whole Body or the Head only be profited as in those who have only a Plethory thereof The cause whereof doubtless is that a Bath promotes the flowing of the Blood liquating of it and loosening the mouths of the Veins But it is clear that this is meant of a Bath of hot or tepid water for immersion into cold water stops fluxes of Blood which Women have learned by daily Experience who therefore when their Terms flow shun cold water We know also that by pouring on of cold water or by dipping any Parts of the Body into it bleeding at the Nose uses to be stopt and so from whencesoever the Blood issue the using of cold water profiteth unless it flow out of some internal Part and especially if out of the Lungs for then the Blood fleeing back toward the Heart it may chance to abound more about the Lungs But an hot Bath increases all evacuations of Blood and therefore it is to be avoided unless when an evacuation is seasonable Idem and the Blood proceeds not accordingly as is requisite VII There is no reason why a Physician should slight that evacuation that is caused by a Bath as small and not worth mentioning for from one long-continued lotion in the water of a Bath that was made with violent pourings on of the water I have seen more filth and tough and thick Phlegm such as might not be seen only but also drawn in length by the fingers or a piece of a stick drawn out this way than is used to be by the most plentiful Blood-letting not unlike to that which is wont to appear in the bason upon bleeding in the Foot Idem VIII Whether must we not forbear bathing till the Disease be wholly cured I answer by distinction If the Patient perceive the Bath to agree with his Strength and Nature and that the Disease lessens daily let him continue the use thereof till it wholly cease If he be little or nothing benefited let him take his leave of the Bath because his Distemper is greater than can be overcome by it But note that although the benefit be not manifest if so be the Patient be not weakened he must not presently desist because as Experience testifies many that have perceived no benefit all the time they bathed have some Weeks or Months after their return home been either wholly cured or at least much helped because Nature the strength being recruited by a good and orderly diet is wont to obliterate all the footsteps of the Disease says Aretaeus IX Those err who make the term of staying in the Bath to be till the Fingers and Toes become wrinkled for all have not the same habit of Body in some it is rare and lax in others hard and dense the Humors that are dispersed through the Flesh are few and thin in some in others many and thick and perhaps such would sooner faint away than their Fingers and Toes wrinkle Others expect sweat upon the Forehead but the same causes will make it to break forth more easily or more difficulty in several Persons They who define a certain space of time are deceived for respect is not to be had so much to the hours as circumstances and the endurance of the strength is the just bound for old Women the cold and moist the robust those that have a dense and compact habit of Body the fat those that are accustomed to bathing do endure it longer especially in the Spring and Autumn than Young men boyes old men the hot dry rare weak lean or People unaccustomed to Baths For the former are less dissolved and are not so subject to fainting as the latter To which add that some Baths are more generous and effectual than others and such require a less stay in them and that some Diseases are more rebellious and fixed than others and such require a longer bathing From all which it is clear that no certain number of hours can be prescribed for bathing in so great variety of circumstances X. I have observed that washing or abiding in sweet and hot water is not without danger A man of Seventy years old lusty for his Age coming out of the Countrey towards Evening and finding himself somewhat weary commanded a Bath of common water to be presently got ready Wherein having hardly stayed an hour and perceiving a fainting Fit a coming he betook himself to bed in which being presently taken with an Apoplexy he died that very Night Another having heated himself in such a Bath a Swooning and a great and long Disease followed with a very great weakness Hence it appears how full of danger washing in water is whether it be Simple or Medicinal by Nature or Art unless the Body be first prepared for by bathing especially in common water the Body is made slippery the Pores and all the ways are widened the Viscera are heated the Blood boils in the Vena cava and hence the Humours are diffused this way and that way c. Fabr. Hild. Cent. 6. Obs 96. XI
pain heat and fuga vacui or the avoiding vacuity To pain indeed as it depends upon its causes an hot intemperies and a solution of continuity springing thence this debilitates the part and makes it unable to repell the Humours from it whence the tyed part swells But there is a far other reason of this swelling Ligatures upon the Arms stop the motion of the Blood that is flowing out at the Nose not because they attract upon the score of pain or heat but because they retard the Blood that is received from the Arteries and is a returning to the heart by the Veins from passing so speedily to the right ventricle On this foundation the vertue of Ligatures rests whilst they are made upon a sound part they hinder the Blood from flowing back by the Veins to the affected part in any plenty Rolfinc Meth. Med. p. 442. so the affected part is freed from the influx Narcoticks See Hypnoticks before Nephriticks Cysticks or Medicines for the Stone See Book 3. Calculus Renum or the Stone in the Kidneys and Book 15. Renum affectus or Diseases of the Kidneys The Contents They respect either the resolution of the Coagulum it self I. Or the Saline Acrimony and irritation of the genus membranosum II. Or the opening of the ways III. Nephriticks and Cysticks are the same IV. Nephriticks are not to be confounded V. Resolvers hurt when a Saline Acrimony offends VI. The Reins rejoice in moisture but not excessive VII Where Topicks are to be applied VIII Refrigerating ointments scarce cool because of the oyl IX Hot dissolvers of the Stone many times do hurt X. I. IT being presupposed 1. that the Material cause of the Stone is a dry concretion that in a Natural state is voided with the Urine or a Tartareous Salt consisting of an earthy and Saline matter although a viscous Humour may also concur 2. That the Blood of calculous persons add of Gouty and Hypochondriacal abounds with such Saline and Tartareous Coagulables we say that Nephritick Medicines are both such as resolve and such as mitigate and such as drive forward and so they respect 1. the resolution of the coagulum it self or the sliminess or muddiness of the Blood tending now out of the Vessels separated in the Kidneys and Bladder but not expelled whether it offend by its plenty or Nature her self fail in her expulsion and the earthy parts by the access of the saline fixed volatile turn into a coagulum such as are 1. Abstergers both watry and diluting that afford a more plentiful Serum for the draining out of those excrements and are good against gravel when there is a plentiful sediment in the Urine and the stone is a breeding 2. Sulphureous Resolvers that more intimately hinder coagulation and hinder the matter from stopping there whether they be more temperate oily obtunding and taking away Acrimony of Sperma ceti and other Aperients that are good in any obstructions stoppage of Urine stone c. or more active fusing the Blood as it were and precipitating and liquating the Serum into the Kidneys such as are chiefly Remedies of Turpentine which give the Urine a Violet smell which is a notable testimony that their vertue reaches hither the oyl of Amber c. 3. Saline Resolvers whether Acid inciding and deterging as Acidum Tartari acid mineral Spirits especially Spirit of Salt or soaty and earthy alkali's obsorbing Lyes which are of avail either through their Salt which they keep retir'd or from their notable vertue of absorbing saline Humours as Crabs-eyes the Salts of plants the tincture of Tartar c. whence belong hither most of the more generous Aperient Diureticks and Lithontripticks From hence it appears why Acid and Lixivious Medicines also are good in the stone namely both of them resolve correct glutinosity and destroy a preternatural coagulum likewise other things that take away grumescence or clodding and resolve coagulation which also are good when clods of Blood stop about the Bladder II. Or 2. they respect the saline acrimony and irritation of the genus Membranosum and are temperating moistening cooling absorbing whether the parenchyma and Membranous and Nervous passages be hurt by an acrimonious caustick Salt as it is common upon taking Cantharides to have all the harm accrew to the Kidneys and Bladder alone or from the weight and sharp corners of the coagulated Stone Such are 1. those things that are common as it were to both temperate and demulcing aqueous Remedies not Saline Sweet and Mucilaginous as Gum Tragacanth Gum Arabick the pulp of Cherries and Cassia Raisins Sebestens Conserve of the flowers of Mallows commended by Amatus Fernelius's Syrup of Marsh-Mallows c. 2. Things also that are partly oily and watry as sweet Milk Emulsions of the cold Seeds Which as they ease the Symptoms that are caused by Cantharides so they do in a special manner demulce and ease the ways that are torn by over stretching as it were and by accident they cure nocturnal pollution help the Strangury that springs from a serous acrimony 3. Precipitants whether they be withal Styptick as in pissing of Blood and other laxities or Nervine as Cinnabarines the more temperate specifick powders so also steel Remedies belong hither hence Heurnius upon Hippocrates's aphor 6. 6. where when he had said that the pains and Diseases of the Reins and Bladder-in general are hard to cure he commends experimentally in an Ulcer of the Kidneys the juice of steel that is steel Wine made of the filings of steel macerated in sweet and strong Wine 4. Acids correct a bilious Acrimony if it be present as red Liver-wort whence according to Hippocrates lib. de locis Acids both cause the Strangury and help it And these as we have already intimated are good for Bloody Urine diabetes nocturnal pollution heat of Urine yea in the stone it self and we must also have great regard to the pains which are as it were the tyrants of indication 5. Hither belong even Opiats also which being mixed with resolvers are very useful in the Stone not indeed as if they resolved primarily or as if they cleared the wayes but because they give rest to Nature III. Or 3. They respect the stopping and clearing of the ways not so much by driving forward as loosning that way and leave may be given to the departure of the unwelcom Guest such as are internal and external emollients and paregoricks lubricaters and moisteners especially oily things chiefly Oil of sweet Almonds likewise Chamomel the Decoction whereof resolves withal whence the Flowers thereof in Pottage give present ease in the Cardialgia or Pain at the Stomach the Colick Stone also fat Broths for they give by so much the presenter Ease by how much they resolve the more withal thus the Oil of sweet Almonds with the juice of Lemons is a Secret with some Hither belongs that place of Walaeus m. m. p. 4. In Pains of the Stone says he whether you
violence But being taken with an Apoplexy a few hours after she died Her Body being opened there were hardly to be seen four ounces of Blood remaining So that it is hardly consonant to reason that from so small a quantity of Blood so strong and frequent impressions should be made upon the inner Nervous coats of the Heart and Arteries as to put these Vessels upon driving the Blood about so rapidly And therefore it is very likely that the Heart and Vessels themselves impelled the Blood the Blood it self not concurring thereto We may likewise infer that from the vehemence of some passions of the mind joy anger c. the Channels of the Blood do of themselves promote its motion because the lucid and sense-causing Spirits being moved more than usual do rush more vehemently out of the Brain into the Nervous Channels those perhaps especially that send branches into the Heart and the Vessels that spring from that Bowel whereby it comes to pass that the constrictions of the heart become more frequent and vehement Gautier medic Nivortensis in Merc. am an 1681. In such a case as this it were rashness and imprudence to fly to Venesection and to order it as often as we would do in inflammatory diseases XIII Because the Blood that is poured out at the Nose appears florid and saturated with a splendid redness it is commonly believed to be more pure and sincere than the rest The reason given is because it is poured forth by very slender Vessels which 't is said admit not the thicker Blood But the whole Mass of Blood together with all the humours it consists of is percolated at least in the Liver as all agree which the Physicians that defend the old Hypothesis ought to have noted who likewise teach that the thicker Blood is evacuated by the Hemorrhoids and issues out of the Capillary Vessels If they say that those small Vessels are widened by the turgent and more vehemently fermenting Blood why say they not the same of the Vessels of the Nostrils Besides that Blood which flows out of the Hemorrhoids is sometimes no less bright and red than that which runs out of the Nose Therefore neither the saturate redness of the Blood nor the smalness of the Vessels out of which it issues evince that that Blood is purer than the rest We shall easily find a reason of its deep redness if we observe what happens to the Blood as to its colour as it flows out in this or that manner out of these or those Vessels The Blood that flows out of an Artery being cut is caeteris paribus more bright and red than that which flows out of a Vein Likewise the Blood from whencesoever it flow that destils out by drops is redder than that which issues forth in a full stream by a large Orifice Blood let forth into a broad Bason looks very red If the same be received out of the same Vein into a narrow and deep Vessel it inclines more to black Lastly If the Blood that is let out of its Vessels be received in a cold place it becomes more ruddy if in an hot one more black Thus the Blood that flows out of the internal Hemorrhoids if it be retained in the streight Gut looks more black but more red if it issue forth presently unless some special cause hinder From these things it is evidently gathered that the Blood when it is suddenly cooled becomes more red when it cools by degrees or leisurely it is more black Now it cools the sooner when it issues out but in a small quantity because a little is less able to resist the ambient air than much is It is sooner cooled when it is received in a large or wide Vessel than when in a narrow and deep From these the rest appear Therefore the reason why the Blood that flows out of the Nose looks more red is not because it is purer but because it is suddenly cooled What the quickness or slowness of cooling can do towards variety of colours we may observe in Steel when it is temper'd for if a bar of Steel that is red hot be moved very swiftly through the cold Air it puts on a reddish colour if not so swiftly a colour that inclines to yellow if yet less swiftly it looks blue if very slowly it receives the natural colour of Steel For like as Bodies that are very hot are cooled quicker or slower are the insensible particles of which they consist disposed on this or that manner and they diversly modifie the light which they reflect in which modification does their colour consist Not only the quickness of cooling makes the Blood of a more saturate colour but also the motion of the particles of the Air which by licking as it were the surface of the Blood and depressing the particles that jet out make it more smooth dense and slick and so makes its redness more bright through the greater reflexion of the light Thus Red wood looks redder when it is smoothed and polished by some convenient instrument From the same cause the Blood that was blackish in the top of the Vessel if it be exposed to the Air acquires a more saturate and splendid colour namely because it s dispersed and eminent particles are depressed and compressed into a dense skin which reflects more light than the same Blood when its particles were loose and less cohering because then a great deal of the light did penetrate into the interstices of the parts Fr. Bayle probl med 2. and was not reflected at all and the rest falling upon soft parts was reflected but weakly XIV From the precedent problem it is easily understood that a sudden mutation from heat to cold and the appulse of the Air are the cause of the redness where the Blood that is poured forth shineth Hence it follows that as often as the Blood is red it has undergone the greater and more sudden change which happens two ways either because the Blood is hotter or because the ambient Air is colder Wherefore in an equal temper of the ambient Air other things being also alike a notable redness of the Blood is a sign of its notable heat therefore a florid redness of the Blood is not a certain token of malignity Yet if horrible Symptoms accompany a Fever such as none but a notable putrefaction can produce and yet a putrefaction of the Blood cannot be deduced from its colour those grievous Symptoms are to be referred to some malignity Idem XV. To prove that the Elements of the Blood are the four vulgar humours to wit Blood so called in specie Choler Melancholy and Phlegm some take an argument from the variety of colours in the different parts of the Blood when it is cold in a Poringer for they affirm that that which is florid in the uppermost part is choler which because it is fiery gets a top through its lightness that which is next under this is Blood
out of the Pores and Glandules of the Skin partly out of the mouths of the Arteries and partly out of the ends of the nervous Fibres perhaps out of the mouths of the Veins a little of that juice that is newly received into them but it does not seem that much can be sent back again 1. The Skin which consists of a double coat very porous and is likewise thick beset with very numerous Glands with fat also with the ends of the Vessels and Fibres that terminate in it and are variously woven with one another wherefore when the cuticle is taken off by a Vesicatory and the true Skin lies bare the nervous Fibres being twitched do constringe and wring the Glandules and Pores so that the serous Humour contained in them both is plentifully squeezed forth Moreover seeing the Pores open one into another the serum flows not only out of the blistered Part but sometimes a portion of the Serum coming from the neighbouring Parts succeeds in the Pores that were first emptied and then by and by issues forth Wherefore in the Dropsie called Anasarca Blisters raised by a Vesicatory drain the water from all about in great plenty and draw it forth from all the neighbourhood yea sometimes from afar 2. The mouths of the Arteries about the blistered Part being uncovered and twitched do not only spue out that portion of Serum that is accustomably brought to them but the serous Humour being through the whole mass of Blood imbued with the Stimuli of the Medicine is thenceforward separated more plentifully from the Blood and every time it circulates with the Blood a greater quantity of it is cast off by the same mouth of the Arteries being continually irritated Moreover together with the serum sent thus from the whole mass of Blood to the Blisters other Recrements and sometimes the morbifick matter it self do plentifully separate therefrom also and are sent off through the same Emissaries and this is the reason why in malignant Fevers yea in all putrid ones that have difficult Crises when the Recrements and Corruptions of the Blood being unfit for excretion threaten the Heart or Brain Vesicatories which continually and by degrees drain them forth do often notably relieve To which add that the same do moreover alter and restore the Blood degenerous or depraved as to its Salts yea by opening or subtilizing its compages dispose it to an eucrasie Wherefore this kind of Remedy is often very profitable not only in a febrile state of the Blood but also when it is otherwise vitious or cacochymical 3. That Vesicatories do evacuate a certain Humour out of the Nerves and nervous fibres and therefore profit in Spasmodick or Convulsive Maladies is witnessed both by Reason and Experience For I have shewn in another place that the liquor that waters the Brain and genus nervosum does sometimes abound with heterogeneous Particles Moreover it appears by frequent and familiar Observation that the impurities and recrements of that liquor together with a watry latex do sometimes of their own accord upon the arising of a fluor sweat out of the Nerves and nervous Fibres and either restagnating into the mass of Blood are carried off by Urine or Sweat or being deposited into the Cavities of the viscera are sent forth by Vomit or Stool Wherefore when by the application of a Vesicatory the extremities of the Nerves and nervous Fibres are any where laid bare and are greatly irritated presently the Humour that flows in their extremities is spued out yea and therefore the whole latex though seated a great way off in their Ducts is both freed from its stagnation and withal the heterogeneous Particles mixt with that nervous latex being every where agitated and derived from the Brain do by degrees glide towards the newly open'd Emissary Willis and at length are sent out II. From what has been said we may gather for the curing of what Diseases this kind of Remedy is chiefly profitable for through the evacuation that it makes out of the Pores and Glandules of the Skin as often as a serous salt acrimonious or otherwise mischievous Humour is collected in these Parts or in their neighbourhood and being excluded from the circulation of the Blood sticks pertinaciously there there is certainly no readier or easier way of draining it forth than by applying a Vesicatory above or below the Part affected Wherefore a Vesicatory is not only indicated by an Anasarca and by all defilements or eruptions of the Skin whatsoever but moreover is required in Pains whether arthritical or scorbutical fixed any where in the outer habit of the Body or in any member 2. In respect of the Blood which wants both to be leisurely cleared from any heterogeneous and morbifick matter and also to be alter'd from its too acid or salt or otherwise vitiated condition into a right temper Vesicatories are always made use of in malignant Fevers yea they are of excellent use in all putrid malignant Fevers and which are of a difficult Crisis Therefore likewise in the Scurvy Leucophlegmatia Green-sickness and also in every other Cacochymie is this kind of Remedy very profitable Moreover Vesicatories are applied with good effect not only for amending of the Blood it self but also as often as it being depraved does impart its corruptions to other Parts and so is the first cause of Diseases in the Head Breast Belly or Members and raises their Paroxysms Wherefore in Head achs Vertigo or sleepy Distempers this is a common and vulgar Remedy and no less in a Catarrh and any defluxion whether into the Eyes Nose Palate or Lungs does every one even of the vulgar without advising with a Physician prescribe Cantharides for himself as a revulsory Remedy I confess that many times when I have been taken with a cruel Cough with a great deal of thick Phlegm to which I am originally subject I have been helped by nothing more than by Vesicatories and therefore I am wont while the Disease is strong upon me first to apply Blisters upon the vertebrae of the Neck when those are healed up then behind the Ears and afterwards if it shall seem needful upon the Shoulder-blades for so the serous illuvies issuing out of the too much loosened compages of the Blood is derived from the Lungs and moreover the mixture of the Blood in regard its irregular Salts are destroyed by this means does sooner recover its Crasis 3. In respect of the Humour which is to be evacuated or derived out of the genus nervosum and the Brain it self Epispasticks as they are of very common use so they are often wont to give the greatest relief in sleepy Convulsive and painful Diseases Was ever any taken with a Lethargy Apoplexy or Epilepsie but presently those about him claw'd his Skin off with Cantharides I have successfully applied large Vesicatories in several Parts of the Body at once in strange Convulsive motions and now and then changing their places have continued repeating
Veins which with Hippocrates is a general name both for them and Arteries when a great quantity of this Moisture is gathered it runs by other passages and when it stops in any part of the Body there a Disease is contracted I therefore conclude with Hippocrates that the Gout arises from filthy diseased steams or from a flatuous Ventosity upon which if any Humour follows it was the Vapour that made way for it And not onely Hippocrates but more modern Physicians have held That the Gout comes from Wind. Guainerius and Matthaeus de Gradibus were of that opinion Also Guido de Cauliaco a stout Voucher of the 4 Humours tells how â—e read in the Pope's Canons that the Gout aroâ—e from Vapours That Royal French Surgeon Paraeus was of the same judgment Several eminent Physicians hold Vapours the cause of the Tooth-ach Bastard-Pleurisie Colick Epilepsie and of Fits in Women so that they are called Vapours in English And I question not but many Diseases differing onely in Name and Place are of the very same nature with the Gout especially all those into which the Gout and they mutually degenerate Furthermore the China Physicians say Our Bodies are governed by 3 things i. e. by the innate Heat the radical Moisture and Spirits which they hold to be the Vehicle of the Heat and the Lungs from which they begin the Circulation of the Bloud to he the Elaboratory of the Spirits Upon the temper or distemper excess or defect conjunction or separation good or bad constitution of these 3 things they reckon life and death do depend And they wholly ascribe the Gout to noxious Spirits or Vapours These Vapours are as different as the several Parts and Humours in the Body that cause them Their material cauâ—es are first Meat and Drink thence come various Humours from each of which a different Vapour ariseth Their efficient causes are chiefly the Stomach which as it is strong or weak hot or cold full or empty breeds a different Vapour and then all parts of the Body where there is any concoction fermentation ebullition or effervescency of Humours may breed different Vapours Administring causes are all the six nonnatural things He that would be better satisfied let him reade Fienus de Flatibus That it is a malignant Vapour the Vehemence and intollerableness of the pain do prove Nor do several Authours deny it especially Galen who assigns good reasons for it Because the Gout never comes to Suppuration Because this Vapour causeth more intense pain than any Humours while they suppurate Because it creates no trouble in any part by which it passes except the Joints Bâ—t which is of greater moment the Cure proves it for whilst in the Gout men are burnt with Moxa sometimes Wind hisseth out of tâ—e Burn. And if it be kept open like an Issue an ichorous filthy malignant matter weeps out of it which stinks most offensively All grant thâ—t the Periâ—steum is a very sensible Membrane Now this Vapour doth not torment it on the out side but it insinuates it self between the Bone and it and so parting the delicate and extreme sensible Membrane from its Bone and distending it causes a raging pain And the Tumour lying so deep no wonder it cannot break prison till way be made by a red hot Iron or by the milder Burning of downy Moxa This Vapour the cause of Diseases extends it self as far as any Periosteum enwraps a Bone And so the Gout may come under as many denominations as it hath Parts to afflict The Learned Languages have Christened onely three the Hand Gout Gout in the Feet and the Sciatica for all which England can afford no more proper name than Gout in general or what it borrows from other Languages As for the antecedent Cause of the Gout I cannot impute it to any particular part But I think whatever Part or Humour therein contained is apt to breed a Vapour from that same part the Vapour may be carried to the Heart by the Veins and so from the Heart communicated to the Limbs and Joints by the Arteries Which is the Reason that several are troubled with Fevers Swoonings Palpitation of the Heart and infinite other diseases when this Vapour is not cast off to the out-parts But with some the Gout is reckoned a good sign of long life This Circulation of the Vapour is a reason also that the Pains remove from the Feet to the Hands and from any one part to another And the Vapour being cast off by the Arteries might be the reason why in Ventosities the Ancients approved of Arteriotomy beyond Phlebotomy and does indicate that the burning with Moxa should be where the Arteries beat most which is not duly observed by the Chinois and Japanois If the Part be so strong as to return the Vapour by the Veins or if any one be so much an Empirick as to repell it to the Heart it proves often Tragical Wherefore I do caution all Practitioners not to use Repellents by any means PART II. The Diagnosticks A Physician can no more direct his Remedies without observing the Symptomes of a Disease than the Master of a Ship can steer his designed Course without observation of the Stars and his Compass and a competent knowledge of the Shelves on a dangerous Coast Therefore we should reckon as much of the knowledge of the Symptomes those especially called Pathognomick which live and die with the Disease as we would of the Cure it self Impediment in Motion and Pain are inseparable signs of the Gout which spring grow up come to a pitch decrease and vanish with it sure tokens of an inward latent Pain that rarely is observable by the eye With which we rank the Swelling of the Veins and the violent beating of the Arteries for Signs and Symptomes always concomitant to the Gout because we find them by experience The Pain of the Gout is a piercing distending throbbing deep continual and bitter Pain each of them a certain sign of the Periosteum's being afflicted It is piercing because a Membrane of a most delicate sense is â—urt Distending because the Blower up of the Gout separates raises and stretches it Throbbing because the Authour of this Disease passes the Arteries and makes the bloud move inordinately while it is forced into the part affected it must be deep because in the Membrane about the Bone Continual because the Vapour pours in continually into the pained part as long as it hath any matter to supply it And then it must be sharp because while it abounds in quantity and malignity the Vapour cruelly and violently molests fills separates and distends a membrane of most exquisite sense nay and sometimes dissolves continuity as the violence of the Pain doth argue The other Symptome is Impediment in Motion of the same nature and degree with the former which happens not through any fault in the Member but onely in the Periosteum And this difficulty of Motion appears and disappears with the Gout And these two
order the Patient to drink old Malaga Canary or Muscadel Wine with a Toste which strengthens the Crâ—sis of the bloud much weakned with the foregoing aestuation and therefore unable to assimilate the Juice of what is lately taken and it drives away this Symptome in a very few days time as I have found by frequent experience Sydenham XXVI If the Patient either by taking hot Medicines either unsuccessfully or unseasonably or being of too hot a Constitution by nature fall into a Phrensie we must look back to the Disease and Symptome which may be done by giving some Narcotick in a larger Dose For although when the Fever is strong things that have a narcotick faculty be not altogether so proper and do not obtain the end the Physician drives at yet given seasonably and in the declension of the Disease they yield excellent Effects but before they can doe no good partly because they cannot stop the fermentation running on with violence and impetuosity though given in never so great a Dose and partly because by using this Medicine a stay is given to the peccant matter at that time equably mixt with the mass of bloud and not as then inclining towards separation and then Depuration so much desired is hindred And therefore I declare it as a thing most certain that Laudanum or any other Narcoticks given to ease this Symptome either in the beginning increase or state of the Disease either doe no good at all or as it often falls out doe much harm but if they be given but in a moderate Dose in the declination of the same Disease they have good success Once indeed I gave a Narcotick on the twelfth day of the Disease and not in vain but sooner I never knew it given with success But if you defer the giving it till the fourteenth day it will doe the more good because separation is then perfectly made Nor does this delay although perhaps this Symptome may terrifie the By-standers cause sudden Death for I have often observed that this thing may and usually does give truce till it may be seasonable to proceed to Narcoticks at least if care be taken that the Intemperature begun be not farther inflamed by giving Cordials and hot Medicines in which case the Patients suddenly dye Sydenham XXVII Here I would add this if this Symptome would give so long truce as that a Man might conveniently be purged before he take the Narcotick this Medicine would yield so much the better effect Wherefore I use to prescribe 2 scruples of Pilul Cochiar maj dissolved in Betony-water about ten or twelve hours before I give the Narcotick Nor need we fear the tumult which this hot mass of Pills usually raises for the virtue of the following Narcotick will make amends for that disturbance Idem and will cause most sweet and kindly Rest XXVIII As D. D. Ol. Borrichius did plainly remove an exquisite Tertian with Bottles full of hot water placed round about the Body which caused Sweat So in the year 1674. I cured the Wife of N. of the same Symptome when she was taken in the first month of her being with Child with an unusual Shivering and Cold all over her Body and was much weakned thereby Simon Schuâ—lzius in m. eian 1676. obs 140. by putting a bottle full of hot water under the soles of her feet she sweating plentifully after it XXIX Some set them that are afflicted with a violent cold fit at the beginning in a Bath in which also hot Herbs have been boiled But lest some errour should be committed in it or that the hot fit should grow stronger certainly it were most convenient to foment the Stomach and Heart with a warm Decoction of hot Herbs as Mint Wormwood Rue Wild-marjoram Chamaemil and Dill with Anise and Fenil seeds The beginning of the Fever being made hot the Shaking is often discussed and the state of the Praecordia is much better Fernelius XXX I have often observed that the Hickup arises from the disturbance and tumult raised by churlish Medicines in the Stomach and parts adjoining For the stopping and reducing of which to their ancient peace when the strength of Nature is not sufficient there is great danger imminent Therefore we must so direct our Cure that what Nature of her self could not accomplish Art may And by giving a large dose of Diascordium that is 2. drachms with Dill-seed and other Specificks I never failed of my intention Sydenham XXXI An Hickup in Fevers sometimes follows the intemperate use of cooling Juleps as I have seen several in this condition through the unadvised rashness of Physicians And I took away this Symptome contrary to the opinion of them all Lemnius by drinking of Wine XXXII Langius l. 1. Epist 20. Our Country Physicians deserve to be chid who macerate People sick of Fevers with unseasonable thirst for they destroy not a few with vain enduring of thirst ¶ Some observe the same rule in all feverish persons namely they industriously abstain from drinking of cold water for which reason in the year 1649. an infinite number almost of sick persons was destroyed When notwithstanding the Fevers were continual with a mixture of divers humours and especially of Choler yet not alone When Men were tormented with the greatest thirst they died parched up When the dead bodies were dissected the Stomach Heart Lungs and other inward parts appeared as it were burnt Panarolus Pentec 4. obs 8. wherefore we restored our miserable Patients to their health by cooling and moistning them XXXIII We must not omit that Thirst may sometime proceed from the Stomach sometimes from the Liver or the Lungs or Kidneys as Galen in lib. de loc affectib writes That which has its rise from the Lungs is quenched with Barley-water and Syrup of Violets from the Liver with cold distilled Waters from the Stomach with drinking cold Water from the Kidneys it is cooled with a Decoction of Liquorice Bruâ—us XXXIV Many People give their Patients who are well nigh dead with Thirst abundance of things preserved in Sugar as Conserves of the sowre of Citron Jujubes which though without Sugar they may perhaps quench thirst yet mixt with Sugar it is impossible they should take away thirst Women see and Children know that Sugar increases thirst It were better to take nothing at all because if the Tongue were not made foul with these sweet things it would for several hours time be troubled with less thirst Sanctorius ¶ Industriously abstain from Syrups and Conserves in all Fevers for Sugar easily turning into Choler fewel is given to the Fever Heer obs 22. XXXV In a fit of an Ague when the cold fit is over Patients should not be kept so much from Drink as they usually are seeing as Fernelius and Joubertus testifie if the Patient who is burnt up with heat and very thirsty suffer thirst for any time and so his Burning be not helped so
every other day do trouble the sick with no notable or molesting Cold or Heat but rather with a small Head-ach and thirst now and then a little more frequent Pulse concurring at first less then something greater after which also a new fit is observed then after a few hours the Gout-pains are exasperated and so indeed that although sometimes sooner sometimes later they remit again in the part yet they do not wholly intermit but though the Ague fit be removed the Gout-pains nevertheless continue sometimes more sometimes less till they depart either of themselves or by art The Cure of the Gout accompanying the Ague will consist First In an universal amendment of the Pancreatick juice Secondly In the correction and carrying off the Bile that is of it self out of order or by accident Thirdly In the alteration or diminution of whatever Phlegm is peccant And Fourthly Sylvius Prax. Med. l. 1. c. 30. In guarding the joints affected against future pain and in ridding them of the present and urgent pain Febris Asthmatica or An Asthmatick Ague It s Nature and Cure ASthmatick agues are not unfrequent so called from an Asthma sometimes more grievous sometimes more slight that accompanies them in which also the anxiety and distension of the Abdomen go before and when they cease shortness of breathing and a true Asthma follows which together with the fit is long enough in abating sometimes one or more days and then it ceases sometimes it continues after the fit is over I saw such an Asthmatick ague once return at the fourteenth day and hold the Patient very ill every time for several days if it were not abated with convenient Medicines both as to the anxiety and duration The thing that produces Asthmatick agues in my opinion is viscid Phlegm found in the small Guts and dissolved by the Pancreatick juice which is about to cause a fit of an Ague and carried with it to the Heart and Lungs and staying there and causing a stertorous respiration while either many or few vapours also come out of the part and make the fit heavier or lighter longer or shorter The Asthma companion to the Ague will be cured after incision of the Phlegmatick glutinous humour by vomiting a few hours after the next fit and sometimes a day before the fit especially in such as are easie to vomit for they may otherwise be purged with Phlegmagogues such as are all Mercurial Medicines Coloquintida and Hermodactyls which are more powerfull and effectual As for phlegmatick humours that sometimes fall likewise from the head and fill the aspera arteria the same Phlegmagogues will be proper for them often in a less quantity used together with inciders and correcters of Phlegm and especially in the form of Pills As to flatulent Vapours that so often if not always produce an Asthma or at least increase it much all things will be convenient which hinder the matter of them Sylvius de le Boë Prax. l. 1. c. 13. and that discuss and dissipate them when produced Febris Cacatoria or A Loose-fever It s Cause and Cure THere are Fevers observed to be very troublesome and weakning to the Patient through a large or a frequent going to stool and sometimes also griping at divers times of the fit and therefore they are called Cacatory Dejectory or Loose-fevers I think it ought wholly to be imputed to choler that is not so volatile but rather sharp and by a mixture of the Pancreatick juice yet made more sharp and after the Phlegm in the Guts is dissolved fretting the Guts and irritating and forcing them upon propulsion of their contents downwards What things soever fix Bile and powerfully render it inept to ferment will cure them as are all austere things thickners and coagulaters of it as also Opiates dulling of it mixt together and often used at several times in a small quantity for example Take of Conserve of red Roses 2 ounces Diascordium 2 drachms Confectio Hyacinthi 1 drachm Terra sigillata 1 scruple Dragon's Bloud half a scruple Mix them make an Electuary And Medicines made in a dry form must here be preferred Sylvius de le Boë Prax. l. 1. c. 30. because moist things dilute the Bile too much and the Pancreatick juice and rather cause than stop their Effervescence Febris capitalis or A Head fever The Contents It s Nature and Cure I. It s Epidemical Constitution II. I. THE seat of all Fevers must not be sought in the lower Belly for oftentimes there is an Obstruction or an humour thoroughly fixt in certain parts as in the Head Spleen Lungs c. or some corruption is contracted whence a Cephalick Splenetick Pulmonary fever c. ariseth That the focus of burning fevers is in the Head Hippocrates seems to assert If in a Burning fever saith he 1 Prorrh 18. there be a noise in the Ears with dimness of sight and a stoppage arise in the Nose they are mad from Melancholy Galen explains this place of a Burning fever whose focus is in the Brain by reason of Bile gathered in it which causes the Inflammation Such a Fever generals premised must be cured particularly by such things as ease the Head of the Burthen by opening the Veins of the Nose and the Jugulars by applying Leeches to the Temples Forehead and behind the Ears by Arteriotomy c. In Summer 1678. such Fevers were abroad and were reckoned by most of our Country Physicians for Malignant because the heat in the whole Body was gentle but there were evident signs of the Head 's being full from these Symptoms the Head-ach Doting and Sleepiness to excess Most escaped who were bled betimes in the Jugulars or who had a Haemorrhagy In some who neglected these means and used onely Bezoarticks after they were dead the Bloud burst out at their Nose Mouth and Ears II. About the beginning of the month of July 1673. a certain sort of Fever was abroad which at the first coming had Symptoms joined with it that gave no obscure marks that then the inflammation was greater and more spirituous than when the Disease was grown older Beside what things are common to all Fevers these attended this Fever The Patient was for the most part troubled with a pain in his Head and a violent one in his Back with stupidity likewise and a certain affection not unlike a Coma was remarkable wherewith the Patient being taken was dull and doted yea and sometimes drowzed for several Weeks and could not be awaked without loud calling His Head when he recovered was weak and infirm for several days it nodded sometimes this way and sometimes that and there were other signs which shewed that the Head had suffered very much Sometimes the Patient did not so much drowze as calmly dote In Autumn 1675. this Fever did affect to seek its flight by a Dysentery and sometimes by a Diarrhoea As to the Cure I accounted nothing more proper than to fix my Eyes on what did good
Aliment if it be done when the Meat is digested as presently after Meat it breeds Crudities and after long fasting it weakens Idem Wherefore the Patient may be led to the Bath 3 hours after he has taken Milk ¶ After Bathing one may not sleep but rather take some sustenance Galen therefore 14. Meth. 5. gives them that are weak Milk after Bathing Idem XIV Galen 10. Method cap. 8. in Summer time when the Air is very hot advises the Patient to live in some place under ground which may be very cold open to the Wind and looking towards the North. With which Remedy alone I saw a Hectick person who was nothing but skin and bone recovered within a month But when the Air is coldest Galen advises to admit it as it is drawn by respiration which most cools the heat of the Heart although it doe no good at all as it touches the Patient outwardly lest transpiration be hindred Yet we must note that if the Hectick come from an Ulcer of the Lungs a cold Air is not convenient on account of the Ulcer but a temperate one in the active qualities Riverius c. XV. There is a sort of Hectick that frequently occurs which proceeds from a spoiled and semiputrid substance of the Lungs Liver or some other part Some conflict with a slow Fever for 2 or 3 years which is not known but by the Pulse after eating This because of the extenuation of the body prevailing every day and the diuturnity of the Fever is reckoned a Hectick by some But yet it is cured by a moistning and cooling Diet by Purging twice or thrice a month with Syrup of Succory with Rheubarb c. and things that take off the hot and dry intemperature impressed on the Bowels They that are thus affected are not troubled with a Hectick fever but with a certain indisposition of the Liver partaking of heat and driness implicated with obstructions of it and the Mefaraick Veins Which obstruction keeps up a slow Fever whence it comes to pass that when the obstructions are opened and the hot and dry intemperature of the Liver altered Enchirid. Med. Pract. the Fever vanishes insensibly XVI If it chance that the Pox be complicated with an Hectick fever you must presently take care to keep down the Pox that the Fever also together with the other Symptoms of the Pox may be removed before the Patient become truly consumptive And although the Atrophy of the whole may hinder the fulfilling of the intentions yet this infers a difficulty but not an impossibility And seeing this Quality is occult it requires Alexipharmacks to extinguish it which yet are not sufficient alone but must be manifestly drying besides Nor can it be taken away by strong Purges as some have falsly imagined and much less when the solid parts are ill Wherefore we must fly to the Pith of Guaiacum as to a Sheet-anchor and a safe Alexipharmack which though it be hot and dry in the second degree yet it is fat and oily if it be but odorous fresh and black To which Sarsa also may be added as a thing which heats little or nothing and attenuates and melts not onely congealed humours but the dry by softning them China also may be admitted to which notwithstanding we give little or no trust because it quickly loses its excellent virtue And let not the exceeding leanness of the whole deter us from the use of these things when Cardan encourages us who cured a pocky double Tertian onely with the Decoction of Guaiacum But Scholtzius more who cured a pocky Consumption with a Decoction of Guaiacum and Sarsa as Solenander cured such another Hectick which I have seen confirmed several times by my own experience We must think likewise of the way how to doe it for I think Sweat is necessary to attenuate soften and carry off the putrid matter sticking in the solid parts Therefore let a Decoction first be made which may have a nutritive faculty Take of choice Sarsa 1 ounce Pith of Guaiacum fresh China each 1 ounce distilled Water of Sorrel Borage each 1 pound and an half Mix them Make an infusion for 24 hours Then add half a young Chicken let them boil gently covered till half be consumed Let the Colature be kept for 2 times to be taken an hour before Sweat Then take the remainder leaves of fresh Endive Borage Sorrel each 2 handfulls pure Water 12 pounds half a young Chicken Boil a fourth part away Then distill them in Balneo Mariae for their usual drink When an hour after eating is over let the Patient sit in a Kettle full of hot Water altered with Mallows Melilot and Mercury or Pellitory of the Wall and covered with Linen above So let the Sweat be provoked that it may not offend his Leanness and that the putrid matter infected with the Pox sticking in the solid parts and thickned may be softned and melted that so afterwards he may the better be carried to the Hot-house which he must go into about 8 days after yet he must make but little stay in it and sweat rather in his bed and when other 8 days are over let him go into the Kettle and let him prosecute it by turns for 40 days This way of Sweating respects the Leanness of the body and the infected matter to be carried off on a double account Which if it be thick wants moistning that it may be moved and Phlegm it self when it is thick must also be moistned that it may be rendred more tractable for motion and evacuation as Trallianus observes being so taught by Galen who therefore gives store of drink to them that breathe hard But because this putrid infection does perfectly indicate exsiccation Fortis l. de Febribus p. m. 76. therefore it is necessary that the Patient sweat in a Stove by turns Febris Hemitritaeus Horrifica or An Half-tertian or Shaking Ague The Contents What the Preparation of the Humours should be I. How we may help the Inflammation that accompanies it II. When Wormwood is proper III. What Diet is proper for a true one Whether Herbs be convenient IV. I. IN Preparation of the Humours we must proceed in such order as that Bile may first be prepared and lessened and then Phlegm yet alternately and by turns that as much Bile as Phlegm because they are equally peccant may be prepared and evacuated But which is the chief thing Preparers of Bile and Phlegm must not be mixt together at one and the same time as if the Humours were mixt as is usually done in bastard Tertians and as many mistaken persons doe for these are two different and contrary Humours putrefying in two several places which we cannot with one and the same Medicine compounded of Heaters and Coolers correct both at once ¶ Julepium Acetosum is very proper as it respects both Humours Fortis l. de Febriâ—â—â— p. m. 27. it being a thing that turns Choler into
taken away in less quantity if Putrefaction prevail in a larger And so especially if it arise from a morbid apparatus and putrid humours gathered within the Veins and that chiefly if there seem to be or to be imminent an Inflammation of some of the Inwards which often happens But Bloud must be let betimes For if the Disease have made any progress and the Malignity be diffused into the whole mass of Bloud it does not onely doe no good but also greatly weakens Nature so that most Authours think Bloud must not be let when the fourth day is past Yea and seeing at different times they are of a different nature arising from a different degree of Malignity we must observe diligently what emolument Patients receive from Bleeding For some sort of Continents wherein the Putrefaction is more intense and the Malignity more remiss do abate much by Bleeding But others whose Nature consists in Malignity onely in a manner are made more pernicious by breathing a Vein Concerning the time and intervalls for repeating Bloudletting observe that if the Disease proceed slowly Bleeding must not be accelerated for the strength is spent before its time and will not be able to hold out the whole Disease Therefore as the Disease moves so Bleeding must be celebrated sooner or later Riverius V. It is determined by the wise Judgment of Doctors that when Purple-spots appear in the beginning of the Disease and at those days when Bleeding uses to be celebrated if a sufficient quantity of Bloud have not been taken away before even at that time Bloud may be taken away in a moderate quantity without any imminent danger Seeing that Eruption which is in the beginning of the Disease is not Critical but Symptomatick arising from the exceeding Ebullition of the Bloud and the ferment of malignant and putrefying humours And therefore Nature's motion which at that time is not cannot be hindred For if when the Body is plethorick and sends out a thick and red Urine you do not let bloud on the score of Spots appearing Nature will scarce be able to conquer so great a quantity of Humours and there will be danger lest they fall upon some inner part and breed in it a pernicious Inflammation yet at that time Bloud must be taken away with greater caution and in less quantity not that the Veins may be very much emptied whereupon a retraction of the Humours from without inwards might succeed but onely that their too great fullness might be removed which being taken away the Veins do not attract new Bloud but they fall flat and grow a little strait that they may be the better able to contain and rule the Bloud that is left in them and so the motion and expulsion of Nature to the superficies of the Body is helped For Nature being eased of part of her burthen wherewith she was opprest expells the rest more easily Which is well known to us in our practice whilst often on the same day we open a Vein in acute Fevers yea sometimes within a few hours after Bleeding we observe plentifull Sweats and those critical and wholesome to break out Yea and although Nature were strong enough to rule all the redundant Bloud seeing in Plethorick Bodies the Bloud is usually thick and by such efflorescencies onely the thinnest portion of the Bloud exhales the thicker Bloud remaining would onely putrefie more and more and would render the Disease far more dangerous Yet I think it most advisable a little after Bleeding to apply several Cupping-glasses to help the motion of the Bloud outwards In short if this happen in the beginning of the Disease and before the fourth day at which time there can be no critical Eruption if no relief follow upon it but all Symptoms rather grow worse bleeding should in no wise be hindred If after the fourth day a great quantity of Spots break out the Patient be better and Symptoms abate instead of Bleeding several Cupping-glasses with Scarification may be applied that Motion may be promoted outwards And what has been said of Bleeding understand it of bleeding in the Arm which immediately abates the Quantity Sometimes notwithstanding opening the lower Veins is very beneficial if the strength be not able to bear farther bloud-letting It is beneficial especially to Women even beyond the time of their natural Purgation It is good also where a translation of the humours to the Brain is feared Opening of the haemorrhoids also with Leeches does good which is done with little loss of strength revulsion in the mean time being made from the inner bowels Idem it is good especially for Melancholick persons VI. This generous Remedy ought to be administred immediately in the very beginning of this Disease that is while strength is good and before the corruption and poison is got into the Bloud Yea I prefer this one thing that there is no Fever in which relief is deferred with greater damage nor perhaps is there any one Fever which more deceives ignorant Physicians For when Bleeding is deferred the Bloud being already corrupt I have observed that the cure is rendred almost impossible by reason of the great weakness which appears all on a sudden before the height of the Disease Parthermore if any Disease can deceive a Physician this is the principal because this Fever at the beginning appears so mild both in heat and in all its accidents that ignorant men slight it But then afterwards signs of Death appear all on a sudden for which reason it is necessary that the Artist be experienced Augenius carefull and Learned VII I think Bleeding in the lower Veins is far more beneficial than in the upper especially if the Menstrua be stopt or the usual bleeding of the Haemorrhoids suppressed for in these latter cases it has no difficulty But if they be wanting I have observed in these Fevers it is far safer to breathe a Vein in the Leg or Foot For if it be the best way to draw the Poison from the Heart no safer way can be thought on than to draw to the lower and weaker parts But some may say the abundance is not evacuated with that celerity out of the lower Veins as out of the higher I answer 1. I cannot easily admit that because if I be not mistaken the Veins of the Legs and Arms are equally distant fom the Vena Cava 2. Suppose there be a difference it is exceeding small but the utility for the foresaid Causes Rolfinccius is far greater VIII Aquapendent says he will propose a Paradox that evacuation by the Haemorrhoids conduces more to the cure of Malignant fevers than Bleeding in the Arm. He subjoins a reason for the greater branches of the Vena Cava wherein the peccant matter lies may so be emptied And I add that while they draw from the sedal Arteries it is very likely the Heart is wonderfully relieved thereby Idem IX opening of a Vein may be omitted when the strength
be free from that infection 5. This powder was used with great success in the Plague and is given by many but erroneously as a common cure for Fevers Take Sugar-Candy 3 drachms Ginger 2 drachms Camphire 1 drachm Mix them The dose 1 drachm in Water and Vinegar in which Tansie has been boiled especially when the season is not hot ¶ I could also prove the efficacy of this Electuary by good witnesses it is made also of Camphire Take of Scordium 3 drachms Tormentil White Dittany Zedoary Gentian Angelica Cloves each 1 drachm Saffron Camphire each 2 scruples Mix them Make a powder sprinkle it with Water of Carduus in which are dissolved of Treacle 2 drachms and with Syrup of Juice of Carduus and of Scordium make an Electuary The dose 1 drachm or more in Carduus-water ¶ Nothing is better to preserve children from the Plague than Bole-Armenick with a little Tormentil and Citron-pill powdered which may be strewed on their Meat ¶ In a Pestilential fever the following Water is a truely royal Medicine and is highly commended Take Spirit of Malmsey-wine eight times distilled 8 Measures put to it of root of Tormentil Serpentaria each 1 ounce Angelica Zedoary each half an ounce Citron-peel Cinamon each 1 drachm let them stand 3 days in a glass stopt and in a warm place then these things being cast away and strained out first pour this Elixir again into a glass and let these things tied up in Linen be put into it Take of fresh Sperma Ceti Ambergrise best Rheubarb each 2 drachms Musk half a drachm let the Vessel be well stopt keep it One drop of it in Summer time is taken with Sugar of Roses for preservation to those that are infected one ounce may be given with Water of Carduus Benedictus Scabious or Scordium adding 1 drachm of this Powder Take of Hartshorn Unicorns-horn each 1 scruple Terra sigillata half a drachm Pearl Emerald each half a scruple Camphire 7 grains 5 grains of Bezoar-stone may be added and every 3 hours 1 scruple of this powder may be given with Water of Water-lily Sorel c. and when the Patient has taken it let him Sweat ¶ I have learned by certain experience that to pour some Spirit of Malmsey-wine upon Amber and keep the Glass close stopt and every morning to take a few drops with Bread Crato is an excellent preservative from the Plague 5. Elixir Alliatum is reckoned a great Preservative from the Plague it is made thus Take twenty heads of Garlick cleansed bruise them put them in an Alembick pour to them rectified Spirit of Wine till it stand four inches above distill it in Balneo by cohobations always putting in new Garlick in the last distillation add of Camphire tied in a rag and hung in the nose of the Alembick 1 drachm distill it as before ¶ There is a most secret virtue against the Plague in the herb Milfoil whole with its Flowers Deodatus with which onely the Buriers use to guard themselves in the greatest Plagues 6. A compound Oil is made of Scorpions and is much celebrated amongst Chymists it is commonly called Oleum Clementis it shews wonderfull effects in Poison and in all Pestilential Diseases reviving them that are half dead which Oil I highly commend in this case if the Arteries Pet. Salius Diversus and the region of the heart be anointed onely with it 7. A Salt is made of the ashes of a burnt Toad with Water of Carduus Benedictus or Meadow-sweet The dose half a drachm in Carduus Benedictus Water for a Sweat in the Plague which it powerfully promotes Faber and it is very good to cast the Plague out thereby 8. I take Earth-Toads and hang them up and dry them in the Air then I lay them on a hot Tile to make them dry I powder them but first I anoint the Pestil and Mortar with Oil of Scorpions that the Powder may not get into my Nose and hurt my brain with its poisonous quality I take of this Powder 1 ounce sowre Leven 4 ounces the best Treacle 1 ounce leaves of green Rue 1 handfull I mix all these things well with Honey and apply it to the Bubo twice or thrice a day This Plaster draws the Poison out of the body wonderfully to it self a whole Toad dried Guilh. Frabricius and applied to a Bubo does the same 9. This is a most noble Bezoardick Tincture Take of Mistura simplex 3 ounces Berries of the herb One berry 3 drachms Scorzonera-Root 4 scruples Make an Infusion and digest them J. Mich. Febr. The Dose 1 scruple to 2 scruples 10. Hier. Fabricius I especially commend Flammula Jovis to be applied to a Bubo because it draws much and raises blisters by which the Poison is purged out 11. This Plaster is commended above all others for Swellings and Pestilential Buboes Take a Frog and a Toad dried powder them add thereto of Gum Opoponax Frankincense each 2 ounces Galbanum 1 ounce Serapinum 4 ounces Bdellium 3 drachms pour to them Rose-vinegar what is sufficient boil and dissolve the Gums add of Camphire Oil of Sulphur each 1 ounce Fry them in a Frying-pan into the form of a Pultess and apply it hot to the Swelling repeating it every six hours ¶ This is very good to anoint Carbuncles Take of Vnguentum Basilicon 1 ounce fat of Vipers 1 ounce extract of Scordium 3 drachms Treacle 2 drachms Juice of Lemons Oil of Scorpions each half an ounce Mix them Make an Unguent Anoint the Carbuncles ¶ Above all other things which by experience are found good to preserve from the Plague Vitriol is the thing To the stronger sort it may be given to 1 drachm dissolved with Honey and Water for the weak it is prepared with Rose-water and ground very fine at least four times and so half a drachm of it may be given with Wine or Honey ¶ In a Malignant Spotted Fever this Cordial-water of mine is most excellent Take of Juice of Goat's Rue Sorrel Scordium Citron each 1 pound Mix them Add 1 ounce of Treacle Infuse them in warm Water then distill them in Balneo The dose half an ounce morning and evening ¶ This is a most excellent Powder which preserves from and cures the Plague Take of White Vitriol it is first powdered and infused in water then it is dried and this is done three or four times adding a little Camphire of White Dittany Tormentil-root each 2 drachms Make a Powder Rod. à Fonseca The Dose is 1 drachm in Water of Plantain or Roses or Sorrel 12. This Powder of mine was very good Take of Root of Dittany Tormentil Bole Armenick prepared Terra sigillata each 3 drachms Roots of Gentian Butter-bur Tunica each 2 drachms red Sanders 1 drachm shavings of Ivory Citron-Pill red Coral Bone of a Stag's heart Root of Zedoary each half a drachm prepared Pearl both the Behens each 2 drachms Amber Unicorn each half a
aperitivi are given on purpose with Stomachicks and Aromaticks So we use to prepare our cachectick Powder of Pulvis stomachicus Quercetani of root of Aron Crocus Martis and Oil of Cinnamon For they correct Mars and help Nature to conquer him But sulphurate especially causes belching as being cruder therefore we use not to give Crocus Martis so much prepared the crude way as we give it first freed from the Atoms of Sulphur by a new calcination which is better more subtile and obedient to the heat of the Stomach a thing which must principally be observed in Hypochondriacks who are delicate and of a rare texture for these belchings swell like rotten eggs Septalius lib. 9. cant 58. commends this made into a Powder and prepared with Vinegar Wedelius XLIX We must have a care that we promote not the fermentation of the humours by Emulsions and consequently lest while we would cure Thirst Weakness c. we doe more harm than good Therefore in general whenever the orgasmus of the humours is in the lower Belly it is adviseable to abstain from them for as Hippocrates says unequal things ferment Wherefore in Hystericks where it concerns us to quiet the Symptoms and also in Hypochondriacks they cannot be proper Idem L. The quieting of the Paroxysms and of the most urgent Symptoms consists especially in checking the effervescence of the humours in discussion of the rising exhalations asswaging of Pain The effervescence will be stopt chiefly with Medicines that correct the acrimony of both humours the Acid pituitous and the Bilious which is owing to fat and spirituous things but variously mixt with other things according to the various manner of effervescence in each person Wherefore that Medicine which does one Man good often does another harm And it must be a temperate Medicine which must consist of much water and little oil but that so mixt with a volatile salt that it may mix with the water For all the skill lies here I repeat it The temperate Medicine must consist of much water as being a thing which by it self and a lixivious salt is fit to dilute an acid spirit and so infringe its strength To this water oil but a little must be added as being apt to temper both the lixivious salt and the acid spirit And because oil cannot be mixt with water but by means of a Lixivial Salt this must be there also but corrected and volatilized with a volatile Spirit because the same and a volatile spirit use to temper a lixivious salt and an acid spirit In such a Medicine therefore so tempered there occurr three things Water Oil and Volatile Spirit tempering the two Sharps Sylvius de le Boë the lixivious Salt and the acid Spirit LI. Among the Symptoms of this Disease I have observed that a sense and fear of Suffocation and Strangling is not onely peculiar to Women though it take them oftner than Men. I think this grievance has its rise from various exhalations and especially austere ones rising from the small gut to the upper mouth of the Stomach and so to the Gullet and causing a sense of Suffocation and Strangling in these parts But whenever part of these exhalations tends by the lacteal Veins to the thoracick Duct penetrates into the right ventricle of the Heart and into the Lungs and sticking there causes shortness of Breath no wonder if then either through want of proper Medicines or abundance of Exhalations the Patients are sometime suffocated and choaked which I remember once happened to one of my Patients abundance of austere Exhalations being translated to the Lungs with a violent hypochondriack Suffocation as the most urgent Symptome then and returning with such violence every Paroxysm that it would give way to no Medicines but caused Death And this Evil had been neglected at the beginning so much does it concern us to cure all things in time Certainly this Ail is often too much neglected not being sufficiently known to several Physicians and therefore the seldomer cured For curing of this volatile Salts are very good and amongst them Spirit of Sal Ammoniack which if it had no other virtues yet in regard to this Ail it ought to be esteemed by all Physicians Except in this case I do not remember any Patient of mine ever died of an hypochondriack Suffocation to whom I use in time to prescribe and inculcate volatile Salts which all persons may easily use even in their ordinary drink Whereas Castor which many use with good success is an ingratefull thing and is loathed by many The Cure of this multifarious Disease is performed first of all by discussion and suppression of all manner of Exhalations Secondly by correction of the humours whence they arise Thirdly And by the diminution of them where they exceed All volatile Salts and Aromaticks and especially oleous ones discuss all manner of Vapours Among which also Castor it self may be reckoned seeing it is part of an Animal or an Excrement which is the same thing seeing all the parts and each of an Animal abound with a volatile Salt And every particular humour as it offends in divers qualities must in a divers manner be corrected and diminished with its Purgatives But as often as a manifest sense of Strangling is urgent upon the Patient besides this Spirit of Sal Ammoniak Castor is also convenient and its Tincture as also distilled Oil of Mace and Amber if one two or three drops thereof be taken When these Exhalations are more glutinous or also more sharp then besides volatile Salts sweet Spirit of Nitre Oil of Orange Pill c. may be used When they are more watry and there is rather a faintness of Spirits than sense of Strangling then to the volatile Salts there may profitably be added aromatick Tinctures of Cinnamon Saffron Nutmeg Mace c. made with rectified Spirit of Wine not neglecting the taking of Hydragogues now and then to abate the watry humours Idem LII And Difficulty of Breathing comes in for its share which is grievous enough to many the chief cause whereof is various Winds and Vapours often produced by humours in the small Gut which being carried by the lacteal Veins and thoracick duct to the right ventricle of the Heart and so to the Lungs and tarrying there awhile so they both distend the Lungs and keep them distended and so hinder the playing of them and consequently respiration and therefore must be discussed with the same Medicines Idem Medicines especially made use of by eminent Physicians 1. Tartarus vitriolatus with extract of Fern and some convenient Water is an excellent deoppilative ¶ Take of Gumm Ammoniack 2 ounces and an half dissolved in Vinegar of Squills to the consistency of Honey Add of Powder of Spleen-wort Dodder each 1 ounce Oil of Capers 2 ounces of Violets 1 ounce of Bricks and Wax what is sufficient Make a Plaster and apply it Agricola 2. Diaspoliticum in hypochondriack melancholy
Salius notis in Altimar c. 51. Merc. cap. prop. which Distemper seems to indicate moistening which is obtained by much Drink XVI Hippocrates l. 2. de Morb. s 3. makes mention of a Disease of the Lungs not much differing from a Peripneumony which he calls a Lethargy The difference of which Diseases consists only in the Matter For in a Peripneumony the Humour predominantly offending is Choler or Câ—olerick Blood but in this Disease it is Phlegm whence as in a Peripneumony a Delirium happens through heat so in a Lethargy does there follow a drowsiness through moisture see the Title of the Lethargy and from the putrefaction there accompanies it a slight doating But it is not difficult to reconcile the difference of this place and lib. 3. in allowing of Wine if we consider that 't is seldom but Hippocrates allows Wine in Diseases of the Breast if not in respect of Drink yet however for Medicin that Expectoration may be promoted or that the vertue of Medicins may sooner be brought to the Heart On which account indeed he bids us often drink Wine after suppings which is done in this Disease wherein in as much as drinking of Wine is suspected because of the Delirium he therefore forbids the drinking of it lib. 3. P. Martian comm in v. 242. loc cit yet he forbids not the drinking a little quantity of it after suppings as it is a Medicin ¶ With us the drinking of Wine in a Peripneumony yea in almost any hot Diseases of the Breast is very hurtful as daily Experience assures us so that even the very scent of it offends the Patients yea it cannot be allowed even in the invasion of a fainting-fit but it hastens the death of the Patient Whether the Reason be the Condition of the Climate or of the Wine or somewhat else I leave to inquiry Surely the Heart that is seated near to the Lungs soon partakes of the heat that accrews from the drinking of Wine XVII As to Topicks either none or only weak Repellents and Astringents are to be applied in the beginning of the Inflâ—mmation both because of the nearness of the Heart lest the Humour be repelled into a principal part and also because of necessary Respiration lest the use of the Lungs be hindred by constringing the Breast Wherefore the Oyls of Roses Myrtles and Violets will suffice with the Waters of Roses and Violets and the Juice of Plantane Chalmet Enchir. p. 145. XVIII The greatest difficulty is what we shall give against Vigiliae or want of sleep when it is very troublesom in as much as Opiats because they hurt Respiration which is already prejudic'd in this Disease are not saâ—ely taken yea sometimes they become pernicious wherefore Laudanums and the stronger Preparations of Opium ought to be utterly avoided in a Peripneumony Yet in the mean time the milder Anodynes and Hypnoticks as especially the Water and Syrup of red Poppy are not only allowed but esteemed Specifick Remedies in this Disease and the Pleurisy yea we may sometimes use Diacodiates if the Patients strength hold out and the Pulse be strong and laudable enough Willis The Phrensy The Contents In Venesection we must take heed not to make the Orifice too wide I. Opening of the Forehead-Vein is better than of that behind the Ears II. Blood is not to be let till the Patient faint away III. Whether a Clyster ought always to precede Bleeding IV. Sleep it to be procured after Bleeding V. Topicks are to be used warily VI. Whether Elective Purgâ—rs are good in the beginning VII Strong Hypnoticks are hurtful in the beginning VIII Whether Narcoticks be safe IX They are not to be given to all X. The unseasonable use of Refrigeraters is hurtful XI Whether a Decoction of Coriander be profitable XII We must take heed of abusing cold Oxyrrbodines XIII Whether they should be applied warm or cold XIV When we must abstain from Repellents XV. Whether the Head be to be Shaven XVI When young Pigeons c. are to be applied XVII The profitableness of washing the Legs XVIII Great regard is to be had to the strength XIX Some have been cured of Phrensies by being plunged in cold Water XX. Whether the use of Wine may be granted XXI Whether Frantick People are to be kept in the light or in the dark XXII They are to be bound XXIII How Urine is to be provoked when suppressed XXIV I. IN all Venesection that is made in a Delirium we must observe this not to make a large Orifice for so it will close again for which end it is to be accurately bound up that it may not be loosened by the Patient Also for the quicker closing up thereof 't will be profitable to apply a Plaister made of Aloes the White of an Egg and Hares Wooll River II. Among deriving Medicins the opening of the Forehead-Vein has place out of which Blood is to be taken to five or six ounces which has good success when Blood enough has first been taken out of the Veins of the Arm. Let Leeches also be applied behind the Ears which Remedy is profitable indeed but less effectual than the former because by the Leeches the most thin portion of the Blood is only drawn forth whereas by the Forehead-Vein there is sometimes drawn out in a Phrensy a more impure and corrupt Blood than out of the Vein of the Arm. Idem l. 17. c. 1. See an Example in Heurnius aphor 72. 4. III. Though plentiful Bleeding be requisite especially if Blood abound the Inflammation but beginning and the Phrensy proceed from no other Disease yet must we not as some Arabians advise bleed till the Patient faint away lest the Spirits fail which are weak of themselves from want of sleep and continual restlesness and which cannot expect to be recruited by a little fuller Diet so that 't is safer to bleed a little at once several times Sennertus IV. We may administer a Clyster after Bleeding for if one be called in the morning on the first day of the Disease he may presently open a Vein without delay though a Clyster be not first given seeing there is danger lest the Matter be carried plentifully to the Head For as Hippocrates says lib. de rat vict we may open a Vein without premising a Clyster in case of urgent necessity Rondelet pract l. 1. c. 15. But if any truce be granted let a Clyster be first given V. Let great care be taken to procure sleep the next night after Blood-letting for after the Blood is evacuated if the Patients do not sleep they grow more raging Therefore give Diacodium with the Juice or Water of Ptisan Heurnius Riverius for often after sleep they come to themselves again VI. See that Stupefiers be not used continually lest the Phrensy turn to a Lethargy Let Externals also be warily applied to those whose Spirits are low Hartman pract Chymiatr c. 8. sect 9. lest the
great deal of Pus were cured in a little time by this Remedy In both out of the hole made in the Skin by Section there flow'd in three or four days time pure Pus and from that time their spitting such Matter diminished And after that Efflux increasing daily had continued for some time the spitting ceased wholly and the Patients grew quite well II. A Gentleman of a middle Age that was robust before and always healthful without any manifest cause grew to be betwixt well and ill as it were for being without Pain Vomiting or Cough at least that was any thing considerable he became in a little time languid without appetire uninclinable to sleep thirsty and hot about his Heart After that divers methods of Cure had been tried in vain the Disease shewed it self at length for whilst one night being more restless than usual he turned himself strongly in his Bed an Abscess breaking of a sudden in his Lungs he expelled by Cough a vast quantity of very stinking Pus The Vomica being burst such Medicins were diligently given as might cleanse and heal the Abscess might purify the Blood and clear the Lungs and deliver them from an imminent Tabes as my Tinctura and Spiritus Diasulphuris together with Pectoral and Vulnerary Decoctions and distilled Waters Likewise Linctus and Balsamick Pills were taken from day to day in a constant method and betwixt whiles Clysters and gentle Catharticks and Diureticks were interposed First Vaporations then Suffumigations both Sulphureous and Arsenical were used morning and night After that these had been used long and diligently without benefit he consented at length to the opening of his Side On the left side of his Sternum there appeared a Tumour betwixt the fifth and sixth Vertebra In stead of a Caustick I applied hereto a Suppurative Plaster and in three days the top of the Tumour became red and soft out of which being opened the next day there first flow'd a thin Ichor and a while after yellow and concocted Pus and afterwards it continued to flow more plentifully From that time his stinking Spittle decreased and in fourteen days quite ceased the Morbifick Matter finding both a more easy and more convenient exit by that hole Though by the effect it was manifest that the Duct of that Orifice did lie open inwardly into the Breast and perhaps to the middle of the Lungs yet no Liquor that was injected by Syringe could penetrate or be driven thither so secret and very intricate are the passages which Nature forms for her last relief that no hurtful thing can enter in by that way whereby the Morbifick Matter is expelled That Aperture of his Side was at length changed into an Issue and a Pease or Wooden Pill being put in it every day it continued to pour forth Ichor plentifully for half a year and the Nobleman in the mean time getting quite rid of his Pectoral Infirmity and recovering his robust habit of Body became quite well in every respect At last the Issue being translated into his Arm he carried neither the Disease nor the Issue any longer in his Breast Idem An Intermitting Pulse The Contents The cause depends sometimes on the irregular motion of the Animal Spirits I. An instance of a Pulse returning upon the voiding of a Worm II. I. THere are two distinct Reasons of the breeding of this Affection for though the Pulse intermit sometimes because the Heart for that time ceases from motion yet when we judge by our feeling it seems to intermit sometimes in the Wrist whilst the Heart is felt to beat very frequently and incessantly in the Breast because when that passion its tremor urges only a very small portion of Blood is cast forth into the Aorta in every Diastole Wherefore the Aorta being empty and flaggy and wanting a load to promote that it may nor act often in vain it sometimes intermits its contraction Moreover in Malignant or deadly Fevers if at any time the Pulse be frequent and weak it now and then also intermits not that the Heart ceases sometimes from motion for it does then especially labour incessantly but in as much as the Blood is not poured forth into the Aorta in a sufficient quantity at every Diastole so that this having not enough to bestow its labour upon idles sometimes But moreover the Pulse does sometimes intermit because the contraction of the Heart it self is suspended for some turn or its pause is twice as long which indeed any one shall easily perceive in himself or in another by laying his Hand upon his Breast yea those who labour under a weight or oppression of their Breast do plainly perceive of themselves how often their Heart ceases from motion Moreover this Affection does every where seise upon not so much the languishing and those who are ready to die or are dangerously sick as those who are strong enough and in most regards very well Wherefore it ought not according to the Vulgar Opinion to be taken always for an altogether destructive sign From what has been said I think it appears that the cause of this Affection depends not on the mixture or crasis of the Blood but only on the irregular dispensing of the Animal Spirits out of the Cerebel into the Cardiack Nerves and from thence into the Tendons of the Heart For we may suppose that through those Nerves being somewhat obstructed the Animal Spirits descend not to the Tendons of this Muscle in a sufficiently full stream or Influx wherefore when their store is a little defective the Pulse of the Heart ceases now and then for one turn till being by and by recruited with a fresh store of Spirits its action may be renewed Though this Affection do oft want present inconvenience or danger and requires no very hasty Cure yet for preservations sake lest more grievous Diseases follow some Remedies and Curatory Method ought to be used at least let the Diet be rightly ordered in every regard during the remainder of the Patients Life Moreover let a light Course of Physick be prescribed to be observed solemnly every Spring and Fall namely to the end that as much as may be any Morbid Seminaries cast into the Brain or apt to be bred there may be taken away and prevented Hither we refer the Preservatory Method and Medicins which use to be prescribed against Fits of the Apoplexy Willis II. Mr. N. a Man of sixty was ill of a Dysentery for many days and afterwards of a Tertian Ague and at length when he seem'd to begin to recover his Pulse appeared to be intermitting for three or four days with anxiety of mind and dejection of his Spirits The Cause betray'd it self which was a Worm as thick as ones Finger and half as long as ones Arm upon the voiding whereof the Pulse returned to its former state River cent 3. obs 3. A GUIDE TO THE Practical Physician BOOK XV. Of Diseases beginning with the Letter R. Rachitis the
into a violent Coughing which troubled her for two Months time with a Fever and emaciation of the whole Body A Physician who was called suspected a Consumption But the judicious J. D. Sala observing that her Fever was not continual nor her Spittle Bloody or streeked with pus pronounced her free from a Consumption After many inquiries when he knew the cause after a Vomit of Honey of Roses with common Oyl to no purpose he added a lambitive of Oyl of Sweet Almonds to irritate the expulsive faculty and enlarge the Passages Bartholinus at length she spate up the kernel and recovered IX One was ill of a troublesome short Cough and when no Medicines would do him good after he had born it a long time he asked my advice I gave him every day the juice of Hore-hound with Honey and at times to lick Honey of Squills Ant. Benivenius till a worm came out of his Breast with Coughing which restored the Man to health X. I knew a certain Person who fell into a Cough by reason of a defluxion of a bad and noxious Humour into the Breast coming from a cold intemperature and when he made him some Cauteries in his Head he was perfectly free of all his Symptomes so that the plenitude of the efficient Humours being exhausted his Cough ceased Trallianus l. 2. c. 5. and he recovered his health by benefit of his Cauteries XI Being moved thereunto with the urgency of the business we resolved to open an Issue in one of his Arms Mercurialis whereby without any other help the Cough began to abate XII In a troublesome Cough and a thin defluxion upon the Breast if what falls escape the straining of the Lungs and is not discharged Laudanum is the best Remedy which incrassates and by procuring sleep or rest at least strengthens Nature and promotes the concoction of the crude Humour Mayerne tract m. s de Laudano Upon the experience of Monsieur de Sigon and President Ripant XIII I was Physician to a certain Student who had been subject to a Cough from a Child He seemed to be of a Melancholick constitution and indifferent healthy but that his Lungs which were originally weak did suffer upon every running of the Blood into Serosities In Summer time while he transpires freely he lives healthy enough in Spring and Autumn when the Blood alters its temper and either of it self or upon any the least occasion suffers serous fluxions he easily falls into a Cough Especially when there is a Constipation of the Pores and errors in his way of living a cruel and a pertinacious Cough is raised In this state his best Remedy and one that he has often tried with success is to drink pretty freely of some generous Wine and very sparingly of any other Liquor for so the acidity and fluor of the Blood being suppressed and free transpiration procured he is much relieved Willis and sometimes recovers in a short time XIV I advise young Physicians that in correction of glutinous Phlegm they take great care not to use much Sugar or Sugared Medicines seeing thereby Phlegm is not so much amended and dissolved as it is encreased and made every day more glutinous than other Wherefore many Physicians have a bad custome in every Cough that is protracted for any time and threatens a Consumption to amend the matter and to maintain it when produced to abuse Conserve of red Roses by devouring a great quantity every day whereby not only the Ulcer is not cleansed dryed or healed but moreover a sense of weight and intolerable Cold arises in the region of the Stomach with loss of appetite XV. The same must be understood of Emulsions which are ill used in this case because they ought not to be used but for the asswaging of some Symptomes Sylvius de le Boë thus Experience the Mistress of Fools has shown the matter to be XVI Whatsoever is unexperienced and new to us as long as we are ignorant of the cause and reason of it uses to breed admiration in us as it happened to me for I observed and indeed in my self first that a Cough which followed a Catarrh gave way but slowly to ordinary Medicines which used to cure such a Cough easily and that it troubled us most upon going to Bed Now this observation being made in my self yet infirm and in others seemed strange and made me curious diligently to enquire the cause and reason of this event And having observed that Wind troubled me at the same time I fell to take things to discuss Wind first in Bed and then a little before I went to Bed Whence it came to pass that when I had belched up Wind sometimes in a short time the Cough that was almost dry was stopt which otherwise tormented me a quarter of an hour and sometimes longer From this experiment happily made with like success in others I thought I got the reason following to wit That great store of Phlegm meeting in the small Guts was by the heat of the Feathers dissolved and by the sharp bile then also disturbed reduced into Wind which was by and by carried to the Lungs by which the Lungs being irritated did Cough and by Coughing did shake all the rest of the Body and the Brain and the Humours contained therein which falling upon the Throat made as if all were produced there till having observed Wind and the ascent of it the cure of this Cough was easie by Oyls called Carminative taking a few drops of them in some convenient Liquor before one laid down in Bed Idem ¶ Coughs oftentimes followed Rheums but the Coughs gave way with more ease and success to things that discuss Wind than to such as temper Salt briny Humours Wherefore I showed that they had their rise not only from a Salt briny Humour falling from the Head upon the Throat and Aspera Arteria but and especially from store of Wind with a slight Fit of a Fever carried from the small Guts by the lacteal Veins and the Thoracick Duct into the upper Vena Cava and thence into the right Ventricle of the Heart and by and by into the Lungs irritating the same to Cough and that it troubled People most as they went to Bed But as soon as I observed this first in my self and then in others the cure for this Cough was easie by taking Aromatick Oyls that discuss Wind as Oyl of Orange Peel Idem Citron Anniseed Fenil seed c. So I remember above ten years since the Illustrious and Generous Monsieur de Verasse Kinsman to the Illustrious Bernardus Budaeus did commend to me and others upon his own experience a Decoction of Anniseed whereby he affirmed he had often cured a Cough XVII Blood falling from the Head upon the Lungs and raising a Cough must be stopt in its Flux and indeed by Bleeding if a Plethora concur or any notable effervescence of it or a suppression of
general Astringents are cold and dry and according to Cartes their vertue consists in a certain thickness and figure of Parts whereby they constringe the Parts of another Body like a wedge or twine them like Fiddle-strings Therefore the active principles Salt Sulphur and Mercury are less vigorous in them or at least are immersed in earthy Parts and as it were fixed And they are either 1. Earthy drying and absorbing which astringe with biting as bolus Arm. Corals lapis haematites terra sigillata Chalk crocus Martis c. or 2. Sowr and Austere as Bistort Tormentil Alum Vitriol c. which abound with an astringing austere Salt either vegetable or metallick with earthy Parts or 3. Acid as Vinegar the spirit of Vitriol Simple and Martial of which we must note first that acid Astringents are more proper for fluxil Humors both in the Vessels and out of them which they coagulate as it were and fasten but not so proper for the Pores and Parietes whence they are convenient inwardly in Hemorrhagies as suppose of the Nose Thus we have cured Scorbutical Hemorrhagies with Spirit of Vitriol in regard Acids do in this manner coagulate the fluid Blood but Acids are not so convenient for the Pores or Parietes rather for coming thither they incide dilate and exasperate the humors the more Secondly therefore we must not always rely on acid Astringents for they do not so constringe the Pores as do austere sowr and other stypticks but they are withal indued with a thinness of Parts whence those that use to give Acids in dysenteries diarrhaea's spitting of Blood and wheresoever the Pores of the Parts or the Membranes are affected as to their substance can seldom boast of any good effect Or 4. They are Emplastick whether oleous which obstruct the Pores or gummous mucilaginous viscid and emplastick properly so called as Gum Arabick sanguis draconis Mastich and Farinae or Flowers 5. Some also are sweet as Chestnuts some bitter as Aloes c. Or 6. Balsamick withal being endued with a Sulphur immersed in terrene Parts whether implicitly another quality predominating whence Medicins properly called cold are also astringent as galls acacia Pomegranate rinds c. or explicitely as Aloes which used outwardly astringes Myrrhe Nutmeg the rind of Frankinsence Cinamon which latter indeed are hot and joyned with Acrimony yet through their manner of substance in regard it has both an Emplastick vertue and drying earthy Parts they are astringent so the caput mortuum from the distillation of Cinamon-water powerfully astringes but they are commonly improperly called so for they are either not used inwardly for astringing as Aloes or they benefit by strengthning the heat withal and also confirming the Parietes on which account Nutmeg stays vomiting Or 7. They are Escharoticks which do not properly astringe any more than the former but inasmuch as they consume the flowing humor and induce a Crust upon the Parts they come to leave an astriction behind them even as Fire is used to stop the hemorrhagies of the Vessels in the cutting off of Limbs so Lime Spirit of Vitriol and Vinegar have place in some cases Or 8. they are Figents such as are Narcoticks and Opiats II. Medicines made of Mars Steel or Iron are of a middle Nature and are used both for opening and binding But note that such of them as are more vitriolated and have the metallick Salt more explicit open more and such as are more terrene and changed into ochre bind more III. Internal Astringents must be agreeable both to the Parts for which they are designed and also to the humors and cause for some are more proper than others Thus Aromatick astringents are more agreeable to the Stomach as Nutmeg Treacle c. Which if they be not to be used alone are at least to be mixed with others For it is most true that Armatick astringents are better for the Stomach and therefore for diarrhoea's dysenteries and vomitings Acids also are more agreeable to the Stomach for Vinegar is good for the Stomach both to foment it withal and to drink unless there be some erosion in it or in the Intestins yet even then Acids are good outwardly In Diseases of the Lungs Resolvers are to be mixt with them of the Liver penetrating Acids of the Head Balsamicks So if the matter be too Fluxile and Acrimonious Mucilaginous Astringents are more proper if malignant as in an Epidemick dysentery Bezoardicks are to be added or Astringents endued with that quality are to be chosen as Tormentil Terra Lemnia c. So if there be an acrimony of the Humors and a strong irritation of the membranous Parts fixers are to be mixed with astringents for in this Case both these being mixed together perform that more happily which one could expect from either of them alone So for example Opiats do indeed stop Diarrhoea's and dysenteries and Astringents left to themselves stop the same but seeing Opiats do more fix the Humors and Astringents more defend the Parietes of the irritated Parts hence Laudanum Opiatum mixt with a Styptick Powder is of greater efficacy because it attends both and so fulfills the intention the more happily Where the Parts are to be defended the terrene profit more IV. We must never astringe too much lest the Pores subside too much and by that means can hardly be relaxed Hence also in a Dysentery for example from the too great use of Astringents there often arises anxiety dangerous Ulcers c. for Fluxes often require rather to be moderated than stopt and all things are to be done according to natures direction wherefore Aromatick Resolvents or Openers are profitably mixed with Astringents V. In Diseases of the Breast in general we must astringe sparingly both because the tone of the Lungs rejoyces in laxity and also because the viscous hot or bilious Matter may easily be expelled to the heart because of its vicinity hence they are not good in a squeaking small voice straitness of the Breast difficulty of Breathing and Asthma Inflammation of the Lungs or Pleurisie For they incrassate the Humors the more fasten them in the Part and make them unfit for expectoration yea bring on a suffocation VI. There are no astringent Clysters properly so called because all moisture injected into the streight gut as being strange to it irritates it even water it self yet they are called astringent and those are prescribed which by a certain mucilage restore the mucus of the intestines that was fretted off and are made of milk Deer-suet c. such as Minderus chiefly commends yet even this way they dilute and temperate rather than astringe VII In some Cases though the Flux cease and so likewise the mobility and eruption of the Humors yet astringents are so far from benefiting that they rather hurt for instance the immoderate flux of the Terms especially in the hypochâ—ndriacal is often caused from an obstruction of the Vessels whereby the Blood cannot circulate freely whence
be opened III. IV. Whether it may be done even to swooning IV. It is to be done where there is a Bone under the Artery V. Before an Artery be opened in the Head we must see whether the fluxion be not by the subcutaneous vessels VI. Whether it be more effectual than opening of a Vein VII If an Artery be cut with an hot Iron let the falling of the Eschar be retarded VIII I. ALthough this kind of Remedy is almost obsolete in these times of ours yet it is a very powerful and profitable one and void of all danger for only by ligature the efflux of the Arterial Blood is hindred in the lesser Arteries nor is the Plaster proposed by Galen necessary viz. of bole Armene Frankincense Mastich and hares wool made up with the white of an Egg which yet those may make use of for the greater safety that are fearfull of this opening The Temporal Artery is opened as in Phlebotomy and six ounces of Blood may be taken that spurt◠out with violence after which lay on presently your plagets and let them remain tyed on for four days By the use of this we have cured the fiercest hemicrania or Head-ach and never found any danger in this opening of Arteries ¶ In vain sayes Paraeus Laza◠River Pract. lib. 1 cap. 16. has arteriotomie been suspected as if there were danger that the Blood could not be stopt or the orifice heated up again because of the hardness of the Artery and the continualness of the pulse and for fear of an aneurism but this is the opinion of men that fear all things safe For we must distinguish between the larger Arteries which are to be shunn'd by the Physician for the aforesaid dangers and the smaller in the cutting whereof there is no fear of danger Yea of a larger Artery Galen lib. de s m. cap. 23 sayes that if it be quite cut through it may be closed with a cicatrix without an aneurisma and that doing so has often taken away the danger imminent from a flux of Blood for it is clear that when it is wholly cut asunder both ends being pull'd back on each side one retires upwards and the other downwards and this happens indeed to the veins also but moderately but to the Arteries more than to the Veins And of the difficulty of the coalition he saith thus in the same place The Nature of an Artery does indeed plainly shew the difficulty of its hard coat 's conglutination yet the difficulty is not such as is altogether invincible for it is not so dry and hard as a bone or gristle yea it is far softer and more carnous than these and therefore there is less reason to despair of uniting it after it is cut especially where it self is small and the Body of the man whose it is soft by nature II. The manner of Arteriotomy deliver'd by the Ancients is so severe and dangerous that there is none of the Moderns but is displeased with it yea it had been wholly cast out of the number of Remedies if the pity and diligence of latter Physicians had not invented other wayes Surgeons were wont to tye a string about the Neck but seeing the straiter binding thereof is very troublesome it is better to make this ligature under the Arm-holes Let this be so strait that the jugular Veins and Carotid Arteries may manifest themselves the one by its swelling and the other by its beating then press the arterie with your finger a little lower down than you intend to open it and having open'd it which must be done with a slow but steady and strong hand let it bleed as much as you desire When the operation is over sprinkle an adstringent powder upon the wound then lay a folded linnen cloth upon it and upon that a plate of Lead Barbette Anat. Pract. c. 10. tye both these on with a fit stay and it will be healed up in five or six dayes III. What Arteries may be cut The first is the Frontal that runs along the middle of the fore-head and is commonly divided into two above but in the middle has one single notable trunk this is frequently cut by the Aegyptians in an inveterate Head-ach The second is the Occipital or the Artery of the puppis opposite to the former by the Lambdoidal suture and is opened in the same distempers with the former Thirdly the Temporal Arteries are very safely cut in most diseases of the Head By my advice an implacable pain in the left side of the head was taken away by cutting of these Fourthly Galen mentions the opening of the Arteries behind the Ears lib. de cur rat per s m. c. 22. and Paulus lib. 6. c. 4. commends it in the vertiginous and such as have a fluxion upon their eyes But sayes Galen 3. de loc aff c. 8. it is manifest that all have not been cured by the benefit of this Remedy for some Arteries that are larger than these ascend to the Brain from its basis through the plexus retiformis by which 't is probable such distemper has been caused a vaporous and hot Spirit being carried through them and filling the Brain And it may be also that an unequal intemperies of the Brain may produce such a Spirit Fifthly the opening of that Artery that runs betwixt the thumb and fore-finger that is famous for Galen's praises is good in the pain of the hypochondres there where the Liver is joyned to the diaphragm Septalius lib. 6. animadv 171. and 172 calls it a most wholsom help in palpitation of the heart Alpinus lib. de medic Aegyptior 2. cap. 12. testifies that the Aegyptians cured all the pains of the internal viscera by opening this Artery Sixthly the cutting of the Artery that is near the Ankle is believed to help in the Sciatica None dare on purpose cut an Artery near the Cubit for although an Artery cut by chance by a Surgeon that should have open'd a Vein was healed up again by * Gal. 5. Meth. Med. cap. 7. Galen's advice yet the same Physician lib. de cur rat per s m. cap. 23. judges such apertion to be dangerous for fear of a gangrene or an Aneurisma Rolsinc Met. Med. lib. 4. sect 3. c. 2. IV. Whether may we Bleed by an Artery even to swooning We have Aëtius an asserter of the affirmative Tetrabib 2. serm 3. cap. 9. de arter sect We must cut the Artery sayes he not aslant but a cross even to the bone and most exactly scrape the Membrane that cloaths the Skull and let it bleed even to swooning in such namely as are robust and in whom the pain is vehement for thus you shall destroy the Symptome c. Galen favours it also l. de cur rat per s m cap. ult where he relates how upon the cutting of the Artery betwixt the thumb and fore-finger the Blood issued out so abundantly that it came to near a pound which evacuation was followed by a
be emptied I add that whilst they draw from the Hemorrhoidal Arteries 't is very like that the Heart will be wonderfully helped thereby Rolfink de febr p. 274. See §. 3. Hepaticks or Medicines for the Liver See Hepatis affectus or Diseases of the Liver The Contents They respect either its Vessels Ducts and Pores I. Or the Choler which is either to be restored II. Or temper'd III. Or its tone IV. What and how sweet things help V. How Steel-Remedies profit VI. The too much use of Aperients is hurtful VII Astringents have not place always VIII The abuse of Syrups hurteth IX I. HEpatick Remedies respect either its Vessels Ducts and Pores in the concrete respect being likewise had to the Lymphatick Vessels and Gall-Bladder or the Choler which it separates and transcolates or its tone fibres and parietes or Parenchyma Aperients do chiefly respect the Ducts for this Bowel is principally and above all others subject to Obstructions because of the very numerous Vessels that it has so that the chief Hepaticks are Aperients Hither belong also Diureticks which unless there be withal an over dry intemperies or if there be such of them as are more dilute are most agreeable to the Liver Thus to repeat only a few 1. Bitter things are profitable that cleanse cut and attenuate the clamminess of the choler 2. Others of thin Parts whether Aromaticks as calamus Aromaticus Spicknard c. or Acids as red Liverwort Mineral Spirits 3. Absorbents Lixivials and especially Steel Remedies And these have a notable use in Obstructions in a too mucilaginous choler Jaundise Dropsie Cachexie and the like II. Moreover those that respect the Choler do either restore it if it be sluggish and defective or bridle it when it exceeds and is impetuous lessen it when it abounds and mitigate it when it boils and burns as it were Those that restore the Choler are 1. Partly contrary to those that restore the Ferment of the Stomach and are for the most part the same which encrease the heat of the Stomach namely Sulphureous Balsamicks as all Aromata or Spices likewise spirituous as Wine and its Spirit 2. Partly the same being endued with a volatil and simple and with an oleous acrimonious Salt as Mustard Erysimum or Hedge-Mustard Water-cresses which are like a spur to it for Choler consists chiefly 1. of Oleous Sulphureous Bâ—lsamick Parts 2. of volatil Saline both which are immersed in a little watry mucilage and limited with watry Particles Hither belong also sweet things which encrease choler and that by contributing partly mucilaginous clammy parts whence also the same are said to breed Obstructions partly Sulphureous also if they happen upon an hot and dry Body And these are good in an Anasarca as also partly in an Ascites a serous Cachexie loose Tumours and where in other cases there is need of rarefaction of the Blood for such things as then more intimately rarefie the same do exalt choler They likewise profit the Phlegmatick that have no gall as it were III. Having hapned to mention sweet things we must see why Galen 8. de Comp. Med. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 writes that Raisins are familiar to the Liver in their whole substance and why the same thing is not equally attributed to sugared things That familiarity of Raisins with the Liver gave foundation to the Electuary of Raisins in Riverius that notably strengthens the Liver The reason may be because they temper the fluxility and sluggishness of the choler and kindly moisten withal which sugared things do not do IV. And the choler is temper'd and bridled when it exceeds both by accident by certain openers as Preparations of Succory where note that some things are called coolers which yet are hot as we may see by these mention'd inasmuch namely as they loosen the stoppages and cleanse gently withal partly evacuating Cholagogues and also per se by 1. Diluters thus when choler offends the Whey of Goats Milk with a little Cinamon c. is good whether the anima of Rhubarb be taken with it or the clyssus of Antimony be dropt into it both which I use with success hither belong mineral Waters Potions c. Now these very Diluters are a vehicle to Aperients whence note that in the Jaundise such Aperients as dilute more and in the Dropsie such as dry more profit most And those very Aperients that are diluters withal do set the lympha at liberty and make its motion free and withal restore the Serum which is and is called the bridle of choler 2. Bitter things which both cleanse and open the Pores of the choler so that it is hastened more to the Guts and evacuated the vertue of Wormwood Aloes and Rhubarb is known 3. Acids hither belong acidum Tartari red Sanders or the red Liverwort of Dresden because these do tame and blunt the Sulphureous part of the choler and fix and enervate the volatile Saline 4. Earthy and absorbing Remedies especially the Nitrous and Alkaline thus also lixivial Salts themselves belong hither likewise Shells Corals Perles species and Pouders c. likewise Nervines themselves or Cinnabarines which I have found profitable in Diseases of the Liver and I have happily cured a stubborn Pain of the right Hypochondre with Tetters breaking out all the Body over with these especially For it is to be noted what Experience testifies that earthy Medicines do precipitate and absorb both choler or cholerick Humours and also acid and even serous Humours whence we cannot absolutely conclude that wheresoever Alkaline Medicines profit there an acid offendeth for Experience witnesses that the earthy profit in many Patients and Diseases where by the consent of all an acid offendeth not but the choler regurgitates and is frothy which they dissociate inhibit and bridle in its preternatural motion V. Lastly The tone and fibres of the Liver are strengthned both by 1. Moderate Astringents whence it is a common opinion among Practitioners that it delights in Astringents 2. Absorbers especially Steel ones and the vitriolated that are made of these 3. Correcters of any excessive temper but chiefly a moist and consequently a loose Hence Mercurials also and Mercurius dulcis in particular is greatly commended by which with a Bezoartick Steel Remedy Sennertus writes that one was cured who was given over in a Dropsie that on no other account than because Mercurius dulcis makes the Serum fluxile whence it opens Obstructions cures Loosness by diverting the Serum another way and thence evacuating it by convenient ways c. Thus Antimonials likewise are good inasmuch as they notably precipitate and dry discussing the superfluous Humours VI. So Steel-Remedies do chiefly perform this whence there is a caution given concerning their use by Gul. Gilbert in his Book of the Load-stone 1. cap. 15. who sayes that Steel is granted in loose Livers and moist Maladies because it dries also in the Green-sickness over-grown Spleens namely where moisture abounds but he denies it greatly in
be laborious the night before is troublesom Wherefore hence it may be argued that in computation of nights the preceding must be reckoned to the day following Although Hippocrates have not determined this matter yet it is probable for we are taught in Genesis that the night begins the day when the Author says And the evening and the morning were the first day I judge Critical days should be computed after Hippocrates his way who means natural not artificial ones If you reckon Galen's way the Crisis will fall sometimes on the sixth sometimes on the eighth Therefore they err who follow him and they often kill as it happened to a famous Physician who on the fourteenth day in the morning ordered Cupping-Glasses to be set to the shoulders with Scarification and by that means he stopt a Crisis by Urine which was just coming upon which the Patient died on the one and twentieth day because he checkt the Crisis on the fourteenth ADVERTISEMENT to the READER YOU are desired to take notice that these following Tables are onely of the General Titles calculated according to the Latine because he who understands that Tongue has no need of these for the use of the English Reader Alphabetically in English But both the Learned and Unlearned must take Notice that every Title contains several Diseases which are methodically laid down in the Contents of each Title which we thought needless to repeat in a Voluminous Index because it is so easie to know to what General Title each Disease belongs And therefore we would not charge the Book with any thing unnecessary A TABLE OF The General Heads Contained in the first Eighteen BOOKS A. AChe 126 Aegylops Anchylops 7 Ague in general 164 Asthmatick 183 Cold 181 with the Colick 186 Doating 186 Half Tertian or Shaking 192 Heart-Ague 184 Quartane 223 Quotidian 226 Tertian 231 An Aneurism 10 St. Anthony 's Fire 150 Anus its Diseases 16 Apoplexy 18 Appetite want of it 1â— 319 Too great and depraved 23 Arms their Diseases 43 Asthma 527 B. BArrenness 568 Belching 531 Belly-ach 632 Biting of a Mad Dog 291 Bladder its Diseases 635 Bleeding 269 Bones their Diseases 394 Breast and Lungs their Diseases 478 Pain 481 Wounds 482 Breath its Shortness 527 Bruise 138 Burns 107 C. CAchexy 48 Canker 60 Carbuncle 82 Catalepsis 86 Catarrh 87 Childrens Diseases 319 Child-bed Women 515 Child-bed Purgations 518 Colick 96 Hysterick 106 Consumption 491 Convulsion 109 Corpulency 390 Costiveness 9 Cough 594 Crookedness in the Back 253 D. DEafness 581 Diabetes 119 Dropsie of the Breast 293 in the Flesh 294 in the Belly 296 Drunkenness 137 E. EArs their Diseases 39 Empyema 139 Eyes their Diseases 391 Eye-lids their Diseases 465 F. FAinting 583 Falling-Sickness 142 Feet their Distempers 483 Fever in general 154 Putrid in general 156 Continual Putrid 157 Intermittent in general 164 Symptoms 172 with a St. Anthony's Fire 188 Bleeding and Bloud-spitting ibid. with a Catarrh 185 Colliquating 186 of one Day 187 Dysenterick ibid. Epiala 188 with the Gout 182 in the Head 183 Hectick 190 Leipyria 193 Loose 183 with Inflammation of the Lungs 204 Malignant 195 Pestilential 205 Pleuritical and Peripneumenical 220 Putrid Continent 229 with a Quinsey 182 Rheumatical 227 Scarlet 228 with shortness of Breath 182 Slow 193 Spotted 219 Symptomatick 229 Swooning 228 White 180 of Women in Child-bed 221 Fistula 241 Fits of the Mother 578 Flux 121 Bloudy 128 Fractures 246 G. GAnglion 253 Gangrene 248 of the Cod 564 Gout and Running-Gout 24 Green-Sickness 92 Groin-Rupture 46 Gun-shot Wounds 661 H. HAbit of the Body its Diseases 261 Hair the falling of it 8 Head its Intemperature 64 Head-ache 69 Wounds 75 Swimming 632 Heart its Diseases 112 Palpitation 467 Heart-Burn 84 Hick-up 564 Hoarseness 524 Hypochondriack Disease 307 I. JAundice 314 Imposthume 3 Impotency 545 Inflammation 337 Of the Lungs 487 Inquest upon Dead Bodies 527 Itch 547 Itching 515 K. KIdneys their Diseases 525 King's-Evil 573 L. LAbour of Women 475 Leachery 545 Leprosie of the Arabians 345 Of the Greeks 346 Lethargy 348 Lientery 353 Liver its Diseases 281 Loosness 96 121 Lungs their Imposthume 520 Their Inflammation 486 Lungs and Breast their Diseases 478 M. MAdness 373 Mâ—nge 511 Measles 386 Melancholy 374 Memory lost 378 Meseitery its Diseases 384 Miscarriage 1 Molâ— 385 Moith its Diseases 394 N. NErves their Diseases 389 Nose its Diseases 387 Nourishment want of it 38 Numbness 575 O. OBstructions 390 Over-Purging 306 P. PAin 126 Palpitation of the Heart 466 Palsie 469 Pangs of Death 7 Phrensie 488 Piles 276 Pispot-Dropsie 119 Pleurisie 500 Plague 205 Poysons 616 Pox 355 Pulse Intermitting 521 Putting out of Joynt 368 Q. QVinsey 12 R. RAving 115 Rheumatism 531 Rickets 523 Running of the Reins 254 Rupture 43 46 287 S. SAlivation a morbid one 547 Sciatica 339 Scurf 511 Scurvy 550 Shortness of Breath 527 Sleep preternatural 567 Small Pox and Measles 601 Speech its loss 17 Spitting of Bloud 264 Spleen its Diseases 349 Spots 152 Stomach its Diseases 624 Stone in the Kidneys 51 in the Bladder 56 Stone-Colick 389 Strangling 576 Strangury 570 Stuttering 42 Swallowing hurt 114 Swelling of the Glands in the Groin or Arm-pit 44 Behind the Ears 474 Swimming in the Head 632 Swooning 583 T. TEars involuntary 149 Teeth their Diseases 115 Tenesmus 586 Terms their Flux too large 379 Their Suppression 381 Thirst 566 Thunder 247 Throat-Rupture 43 Thrush 17 Tongue its Diseases 354 Tonsills their Diseases 587 Tumours 588 Tympany 302 Twisting of the Guts 317 V. VEins swollen 599 Venereal Disease 355 Vlcers 637 Vomiting 645 Of Bloud and Corruption 649 Vomiting and Loosness 93 Vrine its sharpness 135 Stoppage 341 651 Incontinence of Urine 651 Uvula its Diseases 259 W. WAking-Lethargy 107 Wen 388 Whites in Women 244 Whitlow 474 Witchcraft 616 Women with Child their Diseases 512 Womens Labour 475 Womens Breasts their Diseases 371 Worms 365 Wounds 654 By Gunshot 661 Y. YArd its Diseases 483 A TABLE To the Nineteenth BOOK concerning Remedies A. ADstringents 676 Alexipharmacks 678 Alteratives 685 Anodynes 690 Aperients 692 Aphrodisiacks 694 Arteriotomy 695 Arthriticks 696 B. BAths 698 Bleeding 802 C. CArdiacks 702 Carminatives 704 Cauteries 705 Cephalicks 712 Clysters 715 Cordials 678 702 Cosmeticks 719 Cupping glasses 719 Cysticks 760 D. DIaphoreticks 678 737 Diet in general 722 Of Febricitants 732 Dissolvers of congeled Bloud 745 Diureticks 738 E. EMmenagogues 743 Errhines 701 Eyes their Medicines 761 F. FOntanels 705 Frictions 744 H. Haemorrhoids their opening 746 Hepaticks 748 Hypnoticks 749 I. INfusion its operation 714 Inustions 705 L. LEnients 758 Ligatures 759 Loosners 758 M. MIlk 756 Milk its Increasers and Lesseners 755 Mineral Waters 673 N. NArcoticks 690 749 Nephriticks 760 O. OPhthalmicks 761 P. PNeumonicks 840 Preparers of the Humours 763 Pumping 832 Purgation 773 Purgers 789 S. SAlivaters 798 Scarification 829 Setons 705 Spleneticks 830 Stomachicks 832 Stone its Medicines 760 Sudorificks 834 Suppositories 745 839 Suppuratives 839 T. TErms Provokers of them 743 Topical Remedies 840 Thoracicks ibid. V. VEsicatories 844 Vomitories 847 Vterines 853 Vulneraries 854 W. WAters 673 Whey 756 The Office of a Physician Book XX. Fol. 853.