divideth them into lesser branches It doth the like in vegetables whose roots come not from the Earth to the Plants but the Plants send them to the Earth for nourishment and this is abundantly proved in Bulbous roots that grow out of the Earth neither comes this opinion neer the truth that the Arteries umbilicar vein are framed before the Heart and Liver for neither Heart nor Liver is made of Blood but of Seed and the whole Systeme of the Body is made before any vessels passe from it for before the Bowels are formed there is no need of vessels as the Conception of living Crearures and the Seeds of Plants evidently demonstrates The Vrachus is added to the Umbilicar vessels being a Membranous Body round and porous within arising from the Basis of the Bladder and attenuated towards the Navil it delivers the Urine from the Bladder to the Amnios and yet this seems doubtful to these who behold the solidity of this vessel the smalness of its pore and the obscurity of its passage out by the Navil but so soon as the Infant is born whatsoever of the Navil string is left to the Body after it is cut off its former use ceasing is turned into a Ligament The Membranes which compass about the Child in the womb are two of which that which is next the Body of it is called Amnios being soft light and cleer gently joyned to the Chorion where the Placenta is from the very beginning of the Conception it contains a watry Liquor which defends the tender Limbs of the Embrion in the violent motions of the Mother and in the labour of the Mother the Membranes being broken it mollifies the passages and gives the easier extramission to the Child that this is gathered together between the Membranes Amnios and Chorios the connexion of the Tunicles and dilligent observation denies neither can there come any detriment to the Child from the sharpness of this humor seeing the Cuticula easily defends it The other Membrane they call Chorion and it compasseth the whole Child round on the outside of the Amnios and is the thicker of the two by odds it is smooth on the inside and is furnished with abundance of the Umbilicar Veins and Arteries In which place the Child encreasing the Liver or Placenta of the womb ariseth in Figure it is a soft and Spongy peice of flesh and hath many branches of the Umbilicar vessels both to cherish its heat and nourish its substance To these they add the Allantoes or Skin in which the Urine is kept although this appears in the Anatomy of Bruites rather than of Women To these Membranes Ancient Authors defend and prove mightily and as mightily disagree about certain vessels called Acetabula and Cotyledones which some say are some say are not joyned some hold them to be the mouths of the vessels swelled with Blood other pieces of flesh between the Chorion and the Womb which prop up the Umbilicar vessels and receive the Blood when it flows too fast to the Child which is conspicuous in the Wombs of Sheep and the like Creatures If we search out what answers to this in women you must look to Placenta before described which being hollow on that part next the Chorion convex on that part which is next the womb represents the same form only it is far bigger and by the softness of its substance and multitude of its vessels performs the same office These are the parts of the Child which are useless after Birth and are called the After-birth or Secundine The parts of the Body which continues still in office the Child being born are the same which are in the Ventricles the unlikeness of which the child in the womb to a mans of age is here to be spoken off the Ventricle of the Child in the womb though it be contracted yet is it never Empty but alwaies white and covered over with the Liver The Guts are seven times as long as the Body and the Gut called Caecum is filled with excrements the excrements of the small Guts are Flegmatick and yellow those in the great Guts solid and hard which the Ancients called Meconium The Liver appears great and stretched out even to the left Hypochondrium the substance of it before it grows red may be seen full of purple Veins and the Gall under it appears yellow and swelled The Sweet-bread is large and by its bright colour evidently shew the diduction of Chyle and yet it shews it more cleerly after the Child is born whilst it sucks The second Table of this Chapter presents you with its delineaments The Glandula of the Kidneyes are of a wonderful bigness and lye not in the Reins as they do in such as are grown up but lye upon them and embrace the superior part of them the reins themselves are great and have very many Glandulae the Ureters are wide and the Bladder full of Urine the bottom of the womb in young Wenches is compressed and the Tubae stretched out the Testicles great al which the Second Figure in the forementioned Table Specifies The Bowels of the Abdomen which are allotted for publique digestion do not want private digestion but manifestly operate for the common profit of the Infant for that the Stomach makes Chyle is manifest by the matter contained in it and by the various excrements in the foldings of the Guts Although the Sence of Man cannot yet perceive by what passages the substance to be converted into Chyle comes to the Stomach The fancies of the Ancients that the Child sucked in at its mouth being exploded for many difficulties yet is it agreeable to reason that as in Men the Liver and Spleen receive whatsoever is to be turned into Blood so whilst the Fruit is nourished in the womb the passage of the throat being denied the Stomach should draw that from the Liver and Spleen which it digesteth and turneth into Chyle that the Liver makes Blood in the Fruit is cleer by the separation of the Chollerick and watry excrement for although the Blood of the Mother by which the Embrion is nourished be pure yet is it unlike to the temperature of the Fruit and therefore stands in need of another separation and change About the Breast the Veins are very full of Blood but the most notable thing in the Heart is there is a large passage out of the Vena Cava into the Arteria Venosa or an anastomosis defended with a Membrane also a small channel out of the Vena Arteriosa into the great Artery so that the Blood may readily passe from the right ventricle of the heart into the left these passages as age comes Nature stops up by degrees unless some great obstructions of Flegm as somtimes happens stop up the vulgar passages the Heart it self is great and its ears and vessels large the Lungues seem Bloody neither have they as yet obtained their rariety because of their rest and yet their Birth being neer and the
hath the Number 10. at the corner of the brass Plate A DECLARATION OF THE TABLE OF THE NINTH CHAPTER This Table represents the Muscles and bones of the Breast its Membranes and Diaphragma FIG I. A The Pectoral Muscle in his scituation B The same Muscle out of his scituation C Serratus major anticus in its scituation D The same a little removed out of it E Serratus anticus minor totally in its scituation F The subclavian Muscle in its scituation f The Clavicula bowed back under the pectoral Muscle gg Platysma myodes in the neck with their right strings GG c. The external intercostal muscles without their scituation HH c. The internal intercostal muscles in their scituation II A portion of the Diaphragma in its scituation K Part of the great artery descending L The hole for the Gula passing the Diaphragma M The hole for the Vena Cava descending NN The square muscles of the loyns in their scituation of which Chap. 12. OO The muscles called Psoas in their scituation of which Chap. 19. FIG II. Shews the bones of the breast as they are to be seen forwards AA The Sternum B The Mucronata or sword-like Cartilage CC c. The cartilaginous part of the Ribs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The true Ribs 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. The bastard Ribs FIG III. Shews the Ribs Vertebrae and processes on the back part  FIG IV. The Breast opened in which AA The Mediastinum drawn to the side BB The tunicle of the Mediastinum diducted under the Sternum C The right lobe of the Lungues FIG V. AA Part of the Pleura drawn at one side from the Ribs BB The Ribs laid bare from the Pleura CC The Ribs cloathed with the Pleura FIG VI. Shews the Diaphragma separated from the Ribs and Vertebrae AAA The fleshy part of the Diaphragma covered with its Membrane BB The Phrenical arteries CC The Phrenical veins D The passage of the Vena Cava E The passage of the Gula. FFF The membranous part of the Diaphragma G The hole between the fleshy portions of the descending of the great artery FIG VII A The left nerve of the Diaphragma B The right nerve of the same C The superior membrane of the Diaphragma separated D The fleshy substance of the Diaphragma E The hole for the Gula. F The hole for the Vena Cava GGG The Membranous part HHH The fleshy parts between with the great artery descends CHAP. 10. Of the Heart and Lungues THE Heart and Lungues occupy the Cavity of the Breast although the Oesophagus Wind-pipe and common vessels have also their proper places in it Before we can behold the Heart we must remove the Pericardium by which the Heart is wrapped round It is of a Membranous substance and not only contains the Heart in its proper place but also defends it from injuries neither is this Tunicle single but is observed to be outwardly the same with the Mediastinum inwardly to proceed from the vessels produced from the Heart It hath smal Veins from the Phrenical its Arteries are are scarce conspicuous It hath Nerves from the external and internal branch of the sixt pair and its Recurrens although the right branch of those Nerves which are carried to the Diaphragma passe by the out side of it it is very neer the Heart only there is that Interval between the Heart and it which is commodious for the motion and pulsation of the Heart about the Basis of the Heart where it is joyned to the Mediastinum it gives passage to the Veins and Arteries It contains in it a thin Liquor gathered of resolved vapors whereby the driness and suddain heaviness of the Heart is allaied The Heart it self which is the Prince of all the Bowels and the Fountain of vital heat and Spirit by whose flourishing the Creature flourisheth and by whose languishing it languisheth and by whose failing it dies I call it the Fountain not of that primoginial heat produced by the substance of the Seed but of the influential heat which is taken from nourishment or drawn by Blood It consists of a thick and compact substance that it may not only keep that hot and vital Spirit to its self but also communicate to the whole Body by the Arteries It hath a proper Membrane of its own which is very thin and yet very strong The coronal Vein and Artery are distributed about the exterior part of it the Vein from the Vena Cava which by a Moon-like shutter stops the Blood running back the Artery from the great Artery which gives his branches most especially to the left side of the Heart it hath Nerves from the next branches of the sixt pair which are distributed to the fleshy substance of the Heart and are scarce observable to any of those which come to the Pericardium we have spoken before of which that which proceeds from the left Recurrens gives a branch to the Basis of the Heart neither can the Heart want these for its motion sake because it moves before the animal faculty gives either Sence or motion It hath very many Spermatical parts according to the recess of its Cavities like Nerves in form but larger and if you dilligently view them in a Dissection you shall find they have a pore within The greater part of the Heart is covered with fat which preserves it from consuming which sometimes is so copious that the blind South-sayers that judged by the entrails of beasts said they had no Hearts because they could not see them for fat There hang appendices neer the Basis of the Heart on each side and by reason of their likeness they call Eears and their substance is almost like Save only that the left is a little more solid they are both of them hollow and full of Nervous strings yet the Heart being contracted Systole it may receive the Blood flowing into it and return it back again the bigness of the Heart in Man is famous though various according to age and Temperament It is divided into the Basis or broadest part and the top which is the narrowest and ends in a poynt It hath two Ventricles the right and the left the right is the thinner but the larger distinguished by a thin and fleshy portition which sometimes being doubled makes a third From the right Ventricle the Vena Cava takes its original whose beginning is strong being Membranous with shutters at the end that it may administer Blood to the Heart to perfect I call it a vessel because it contains a liquid substance to be distributed to all the parts of the Body and a Membranous vessel on it consists of its own proper Tunicle which is single and soft that it may the better draw the blood by inosculations and yet for safeguard in its progresse where it lies more open it is covered with the covering of the adjacent parts Also the Provident Creator hath added shutters to it to wit very thin Membranes in form like a
half Moon which looks towards the beginnings of the Veins which set a moderation to the preternatural motion of the Blood out of the great Veins into the less these although they may be seen in the Mesenterick Splenical emulgent Azygus and jugular Veins yet are they more freequent in the Veins of the Limbs which we shall treat of in the last Chapter from these the three shutters about the mouth of the Vena Cava differ a little in form and from their form Authors call them Tricuspides these are joyned to the Nervous strings of the Heart and withstand the regresse of the Blood into the Vena Cava The Vena Cava arising up above the Heart produceth the Azygus or Vein without a fellow the branches of which are commonly distributed to the inferior Ribs the inferior portion of this descending neer the fleshy portion of the Diaphragma is inserted again on the left to the Emulgent on the right side to the Vena Cava and to the first of the Loyns the Institution of Nature being various herein which sometimes the Azygus being let passe produceth a famous Vein from both Subclavian branches of the Vena Cava neer the Mammaries which is stretched out all along the Breast even to the Os Sacrum from which both all the intercostal Veins and the Lumbals proceed when the Vena Cava arives at the Throat it is divided into two large branches called Subclavian from which the superior intercostal the internal Mammary the Mediastina the cervical and Vein called Muscula arise above the interior and exterior jugular and the superior Muscula are produced Also from the right Ventricle of the Heart ariseth a vein which for its double Tunicle is called Arteriosa which being distributed both to the right and left part of the Lungues by great branches administers Blood freely to them about the bnginning of it are three Membranous shutters very conspicuous looking outwards called Sigmoides from their form they shut in the Blood which flows back from the compressure of the Lungues but is indeed an Artery not a Vein for besides the substance of an Artery which it hath it hath also pulsation as well as the rest of the Arteries as the Dissection of Creatures alive shews and it carries Blood already attenuated by the Heart The left Ventricle of the Heart is smaller than the right but more fleshy whereby it stirs up the Spirit in the received Blood both by its self and by its stronger motion and this is called vital The great Artery called Aorta takes its beginning from this a Membranous vessel in continual pulsation while life remains of a shining colour and distributes the Blood being absolutely perfected in the Heart to the whole Body Its substance is more Nervous than a vein and covered with a double Tunicle of which the internal is the thicker and is sometimes stiffe in old age so that in and neer the Heart it represents a Bony circle the external is thin to which the Membranes of the adjoyning parts ad strength At its beginning are three shutters conspicuous and are called Lunar from their Figure and keep the Blood from returning back again into the Heart neither is there any other shutters in all its Progress for the strength of the internal tunicle doth not easily suffer dilation and besides there is no delay in the passage of blood in it Its blood is hotter fuller of spirits and of a brighter colour and seeing the distribution of it by pulse is continual the heart must needs be continually supplied by the Vena Cava to fill its Ventricles and this causeth a perpetual motion of Blood to the Heart more or less for the very same end Nature hath placed the veins as companions to the arteries that they might readily receive what might be administred to the emptying of the Heart for the exact knowledg of which our age is beholding to William Harvey The descending Trunk of the great Artery as it distributes the inferior intercostal Arteries the Phrenical and others which we discoursed of when we treated of the Abdomen so passing out of the Heart it is divided into two large subclavian branches from which before they pass out of the Breast ariseth below the superior intercostal Artery and a little higher the interior Mammary the Vertebral and Cervical the remainder of the great Artery produceth the Carotides on both sides the internal and external branch of which rise up to the head Neer to those Vessels about the Throat are the Thymus a soft and spongy piece of flesh which underproppeth them for their safe-guard From the left Ventricle of the Heart proceeds an Artery which the Ancients call Venosa because it hath but one Tunicle and dividing its branches it is carried to the right and left region of the Lungues taking the Blood mixed with Air to its self and carrying it to the left Ventricle of the Heart It hath two shutters to stay the blood from flowing back from the Heart into it which Authors call Mitrae because they are like a Cardinals Cap but this vessel is rather to be called a Vein than an Artery because its substance is the same with the Veins neither hath it pulse as Arteries have it carries the Blood tempered with Air to the Heart Between the Ventricles of the Heart is a partition called Septum which is hollowish toward the left side but gibbous towards the right having very many small holes many passages come to this same Septum of a various bigness from the Vena Cava and the Arteria Venosa which cloath the Basis of the Ventricles and administer necessary Blood unto them In temperature the Heart is without doubt the hottest of all the Bowels its Basis is in the middest of the Breast only the top of it inclines towards the left side as it moves it is joyned to the next parts by its Vessels and by the Pericardium to the Mediastinum and Diaphragma It s proper action is to perfect the Blood and to give it heat and vital spirit and motion which is called Pulse this is distinguished into Systole when the Heart drawing its self together expels the Blood and Diastole when it extends its self to receive it According to the opinion of the Ancients only the Heart consumes not in lasting diseases and yet it often happens that it doth pine by reason of hot distempers sometimes a glandulous substance makes its passages straight and sometimes they are filled with Flegm whereby the sick loseth his life leisurely and by degrees On both sides of the Heart are the Lungues which are dissimilar parts of the middle Ventricle and by drawing in the cold air and returning back the fuliginous vapors they cool the vital heat therefore that they may every where be filled and distended they are composed of a soft substance rare and subtil and covered with a porous Membrane they receive very large vessels the Arterial vein from the right and the Venal artery from
the Womb. X In the right side the Hypogastrick artery distributed in the Womb. X In the left side the Hypogastrick vein distributed in the Womb. Y The passage of the Womb. Z The Bladder depressed above the Privities aa A portion of the Ureters cut off about the Bladder bb A portion of the Vreters descending cut off about the reins cc The preparing Vessels dilated about the testicles dd The Vasa deferentia FIG III. AA The bottom of the Womb dissected cross BB The cavity of the bottom C The neck of the Womb. D The hole in the neck of the Womb of a Woman which hath brought forth EE The wrinkled face of the passage of the womb FF The round Ligaments of the Womb cut off underneath FIG IV. A The right testicle BB The right Tubae depressed C The left testicle bb The passages of the testicles of the womb DD The left Tubae of the Womb. E The bottom of the womb FF the round Ligaments of the womb cut off below G The Bladder inserted to the passage of the womb and stretched upwaâ—ds HH Portions of the Ureters II The two musculous parts of the Clytoris K The body it self of the Clytois FIG V. A The head of the Clytoris stiking out under the skin BB The external Lips of the Pivities drawn aside CC The Alae or Nymphae drawn aside D The Caruncle of the passage of Vme besides a EE The two fleshy prodixtions like Myrtle Leaves FF The Membranous containing of the chink FIG VI. A The Membrane drawn cross the Privities vulgarly taken for the Hymo FIG VII A The Privities of a yong Girl â—n which the signification is the same as in â—he fift figure CHAP. 8. Of the Fruit in the Womb. TO the Body of the Mother we adjoyn the contemplation of the fruit in the Womb because it is a part of it though temporary as not only the community of substance and nourishment but also the nexure of the Secundine and Umbilicar vessels to the Womb witnesseth this Fruit we consider as genuine and nourished by the Womb and as being fitting to breath the air it breaks out from that narrow inclosure The small Body of the Embrion is formed by the vital vertue of the Seed of the Man from which office it is called Plastica of which by the appointment of God himself by his infinite wisdom goodness and power he hath left not only obscure foot-steps but also cleer arguments to this the heat of the Seed and Nourishment from the Mother administers the Compendium that doth this great work is very small not exceeding the bigness of a great Emmet from which that is first formed without which life cannot be preserved to wit the Heart and from it the veins and arteries as from their Basis afterwards the Liver and then other parts which come first into use That the Heart is first formed before any other part your eyes will witness if you dilligently contemplate the framing of the Embrion in Eggs and although the Heart be very little and altogether white yet by reason of the blood contained in each Ventricle it hath a transparent redness to be distinguished from the other parts The motion of the Heart helps and confirms this for so soon as any blood is to be seen in the Veins of the Embrion the Heart being full of blood moves with a swift yet ordinary pulse so often as it is dilated it receives blood into its Ventricles so often as it is compressed it casts it out and this appears in the Heart whilst it is white though something increased Besides it must first be formed by reason of its singular plenty of heat which no other part of the Body is equally endewed with Lastly necessity requires its first formation that so by its motion the vital Spirit may be stirred up increased and distributed to the Body The matter of which the first forming sisteme of the Body is produced is the Seminal substance in the Body of the Mother which passing from the Tubae to the bottom of the womb to which the Seed of the Man ads heat and Spirit and to the increase and maintaining of it is the Blood of the Mother required this comes not at all to that first mixture from the Seed neither doth it make any Parenchyma but after an interval of time the Umbilicar vessels and Heart being framed it is drawn and takes its redness with the Muscles Of the parts procreated some lose their use others retain it so long as life lasteth such as lose their use are the Navil and its Vessels the the Membranes which compass the Child in the womb and the Placenta the use of these ceaseth so soon as the Child is brought forth to light The Navil is a Membranous ducture by which the Vein and Arteries arise from the child to the Mothers Womb both this and the Secundine wants Nerves because they have no use of sence It is of a famous length even in the very beginning of the Formation although the bigness of the Embrion at beginning be no bigger than a great Emmit or a small Bee but when the Fruit is ready for extramission the Navil-string is three spans long and as thick as ones finger both for the strength of the Vessels the perfecting of the blood by its long passage the commodious motion of the Child and the easier drawing out the Secundine it hath no distinct nodes yet is it wreathed and unequal for the easier bowing of the included vessels The rise of the Navil is from the middle of the Abdomen that the inclination of the Head and Breast of the Child might be the readier towards the mouth of the Womb at the biginning of the Embrion it swims in the Liquor of the Amnios but when it is more perfected it is bowed for the most part above the Breast and produced backwards by the hinder part of the Head to the Fore-head and joyned to the womb by Membranes and the contained Vessels The Vessels contained in the Navil are one vein and two arteries the vein is largest and takes its Original from the Foundation of the Vena porta within the Liver therefore it descends by the Arteries of the Liver to the Navil and being divided into very many branches above the Chorion it joyns its self to the Womb and carries Blood for the nourishment of the Infant The Umbilicar Arteries take their Original from the Iliack branches of the great Artery from which place being stretched upwards by the sides of the Vrachos they enter the Navil and are manifoldly distributed above the Corion with the Veins they carry vital Spirit and communicates it to the Child It is farre enough off from the truth that these vessels passe to the Child from the Mothers womb and the Membranes adjacent for in the young ones of Birds it is easie to be seen that Nature deduceth the Veins and Arteries from the Fruit it self inclosed in its Secundines and by degrees
The Mesenterium stretched abroad MM c. The Guts knit to the Mesenterium aaaa Certain Lacteal veins stretched from the Sweet-bread to the Liver whereof few and those the least of them are here expressed bbb c. Lacteal veins distributed from the Sweet-bread to the Guts and those bigger ccc c. The Meseraick branches of the Vena porta dd c. Branches of the Meseraick arteries FIG II. A The right Renal Glandula B The right Kidney C The left Glandula of the Reins D The left Kidney E The Vena Cava descending FF It s internal Iliack branches GG The external Iliack branches of the Vena Cava HHH The great artery with its external Iliack branches II The internal branches of the great artery KK c. Both Umbilicar arteries bent downwards L The bottom of the womb compressed M The neck of the womb N The bladder turned downwards O The Urachos P The node of the Navil cut off a The vein of the right Renal Glandula b The artery of the right Renal Glandula c The right emulgent artery d The right emulgent vein e The right spermatical vein f The right spermatical artery g The left artery of the Renal Glandula h The left vein of the Renal Glandula i The left emulgent vein k The left emulgent artery l The left spermatical vein m The left spermatical artery nn The Vessels preparing the Seed oo The testicles of a great magnitude pp The broad Ligaments of the womb qq c. The Tubae of the womb bowed down rr The round Ligaments of the womb cut off below ss Portions of the Vreters cut off FIG III. AA The Lungues diducted on both sides B The Heart whol C The trunk of the great artery coming from the Heart D A portion of the same artery passing downwards E The Vena Arteriosa stretched from the Heart aa The channel between the Vena Arteriosa and the great Artery b The beginning of the right subclavian artery c The beginning of the right Carotides d The beginning of the left Artery Carotides FIG IV. AA The Lungues diducted B The Heart cut towards the right Ventricle C The Vena Cava opened neer the Heart D Anastomosis between the Vena Cava and Arteria Venosa E The shutter in the Anastomosis FIG V. A The Corpus Thymium separated from the Vessels of the Heart CHAP. 9. Of the external parts of the Breast THe lower Ventricle and the parts in and about it being already spoken of the middle ventricle follows which is called Thorax in English the Breast which is round about circumscribed with the Pleura In which we will consider First the external parts then the vitals themselves To the external parts of the Breast belong the common coverings of the Body of which we have spoken already also the Pectoral Muscle the Serratus Anticus both greater and lesser and of Bones the Claviculae and Scapulae The Pectoral Muscle is so called because it is spread abroad the Breast and much encreaseth its bigness its original is from the middle Clavicula the Sternum the Cartilages of the sixt seventh and eight Ribs it hath a short yet strong Tendon inserted into the Bone of the Shoulder between the Muscles Deltois and Biceps and holds it stoutly to the Breast The Muscle called the greater Serratus anticus ariseth obliquely to the Basis of the Scapula from eight Ribs five of the true ones and three of the Bastard ones and draws it down forwards The lesser Serratus anticus lies hid under the Pectoral and proceeds from the second third fourth and fift Ribs and passeth to the process of the Scapula called Ancyrois or Beak-like which moves the Scapula obliquely forwards of the Clavicula and Scapula because they belong especially to the Shoulder shall be treated of in the seventeenth Chapter And yet properly to the Thorax belong the Breasts the Bones the Breast is composed of the intercostal Muscles the Pleura the Mediastinum and the Diaphragma The office of the Breasts in Women is to breed Milk if you consider them in Women that give suck they consist of very many small glandulous Bodies diverse in bigness that they may not only receive the Blood from the small Vessels but also the vapors and milky moisture which is largely distributed to them from the Stomach and Sweet-bread by instinct of Nature these small Bodies are contained together with a Membrane with diverse cavities which contain milk the foundation of which remain when the milk is gone they have much fat which serves not only to ad comliness to them but also to conserve vital heat in them They receive two veins one derived from the axilliar branch which is distributed by the external part of the Breast the other is called Mammaria and is distributed by the internal part from the subclavian branch of the Vena Cava they have also so many Arteries as veins arising from the same roots namely from the Subclavian branch of the great Arterie and the axilliar which are distributed in the same manner to give them vital heat they have Nerves from the fourth Branch of the Marrow of the Back In the middest of the Breasts are the Nepples round and rare endewed with a Membrane from the glandulous Bodies they have a thin skin full of holes and stick out that the Child may the better suck round about them is a red circle like a Halo The bigness of the Breasts is varied not only by years and their performing their office but also by the humors that flow thither and the diversity of the climate In the Women in Europe they are more contracted but in the Arabian and Indian Women they are so long that they can give their Children suck over their shoulders They are in number two that so the woman may give two children suck in temperament they are hot and moist and are placed in the middest of the Breast that so they may be the neerer to the Fountain of Vital Heat and the readier to give the Child suck as the Mother carries it in her arms Their proper action is the Generation of Milk although it be not yet very cleer by what waies it is done because in Carkasses the passages are hid as the passage of Chyle is in the Mesenterium and of Seed from the Testicles to the Parastatae and from the Prostatae to the Vrethra and other like passages in living Creatures and yet the Dissection of living Creatures that give suck gives some light to it For Bones The Breast is defended with the Sternum before on the sides with the Ribs and behind with the Vertebrae of the Back the substance of the Bones of the Sternum is spongy and red usually divided into three parts although in age it grow into one Fone the first and largest of them resembles the knob of a Cup the other two are joyned to them by Cartilages it hath a Cartilaginous apendix which by reason of its form is called
the left Ventricle of the Heart also the wind-pipe which we shall discourse of in the next Chapter it hath small Nerves from the external descending branch of the sixt pair but dispersed about the exterior Tunicle and the hinder parts of it where they are joyned to the branches of the Wind-pipe not only for their safety but also for the means of its sence that it may not be troublesom to their motion The Lungues being swelled by inspiration of air fill the Breast universally and the Mediastinum being between they are divided into the right and left part both which for the more safeguard is divided into the superior and inferior lobe outwardly the Lobes resemble an Ox hoof inwardly they are hollowish and gently imbrace the Heart and therefore often communicate their vices to it although if putrified matter lie in the gibbous part without any evident rottenness or feaverish burning the strength of the Heart and the vigor of the Natural functions remains long untouched They are judged to be in temperature hot and dry by reason of the plenty of spirits and scarcity of nourishment although the moisture that alwaies flow to them and the frequent access of cold Air seems to obscure both they are thicker in Children and grow rare by degrees and also change colour for in old age they are limber and whitish they are joyned to the Neck by the Wind-pipe to the back and Sternum by the Mediastinum to the Pleura and Mediastinum by the skin that compasseth them sometimes and sometimes by some fibrous nexures The action of the Lungues is respiration which they are moved to by the copious flowing of hot blood to them by the Arterious vein the same is done by the Muscles breast and Lungues dilating and contracting themselves in the Breast Place here the Table of the tenth Chapter which hath the Number 11. at the corner of the brass Plate A DECLARATION OF THE FIRST TABLE OF THE TENTH CHAPTER This Table chiefly represents the Heart its Membranes Vessels Ventricles and shutters then the Lungues and the Aspera Arteria separated from them FIG I. A The Pericardium compassing the Heart BB The Lungues embracing the Heart in their Natural Scituation C The Vena Cava ascending above the Heart D The beginning of the vein without a fellow E The right subclavian vein F The right Jugular vein G The left Jugular vein H The left subclavian vein II The right and left Carotis Artery KK The right and left subclavian Artery LL The Nerves of the sixt pair descending to the Lungues M The beginning of the great Artery descending FIG II. Shews particularly the vessels passing from the Heart to the Lungs which are shewed you separated in the third and sixt figure of the following Chapter A The Pericardium taken from the Heart B The Heart with the Coronal veins and arteries C The trunk of the great Artery passing out of the Heart D It s descending part turned upwards EE The left branch of the Arterial vein distributed to the Lungues F A channel between the arterial vein and the great artery G The right branch of the arterial vein HH The right and left branch of the venal artery I The Ear of the Heart KK The Lungues about the Heart L The proper tunicle of the Lungues separated FIG ♃ The Heart of an Infant whol A The proper Membrane of the Heart separated B The substance of the Heart bare CC The right and left Ears of the Heart D The great Artery sticking out of the Heart E A portion of the Vena Cava FIG ⚹ A Part of the Heart transversly cut B The left ventricle CC The right ventricle conspicuous DD The Septum of the Heart FIG III. Shews the Vena Cava dissected with the right Ventricle A The Orifice of the coronal Vein B The Anastomosis between the Vena Cava and the venal artery CCC The shutters called Tricuspides DDD The right Ventricle of the Heart opened aa The passages between the Membranes ending in the Septum FIG IV. A The arterious vein dissected in the right ventricle BBB The shutters called Sigmoides in the arterious vein CCC The right Ventricle of the Heart opened FIG V. A The great Artery dissected neer the Heart BBB The semilunar shutters of the great artery CC The left Ventricle of the heart D Part of the left Ventricle turned back FIG VI. A The Venal artery dissected B The beginning of the Anastomosis between the venal artery and the Vena Cava bb The passages between the Membranes ending in the Septum CC The two mitral shutters DD The left Ventricle of the Heart opened FIG VII Shews the backward part of the Lungues and wind-pipe as they are joyned to the Heart A The right Nerve of the sixt pair which comes to the Lungues B The left Nerve of the same C The middle branch between each Nerve D The branch which is carried to the Pericardium EE The two greater branches of the windpipe which are Membranous behind FF The hinder part of the Lungues G The proper Membrane of the Lungues HH A portion of the Pericardium left I The heart left in his Scituation FIG VIII A The wind-pipe cut off under the Larynx B The right branch thereof divided first into two parts C The left branch thereof divided into greater and lesser branches ddd c. The extremity of the branches ending in membranous channels A DECLARATION OF THE SECOND TABLE OF THE TENTH CHAPTER In this Table the Trunks of the Vena Cava and great Artery as they pass from the Heart are represented with their chief branches only produced even to the Limbs FIG I. Shews the Vena Cava A The beginning of the Vena Cava with his large orifice about the Heart BB The rise of the subclavian branches C The beginning of the descending trunk DD The right and left Iliack branches aaa c. The branches of the Axygus distributed to the Ribs bb The superior intercostal cc The internal mammary * The Mediastina dd The Vertebral Vein ee The internal Jugular cut off under the skul ff The external Jugular from which the inferior branch riseth to the Organ of speech and the Subcutaneus by the face and Temples and backwards by another branch to the Ears gg The Cervical Vein hh The progress of the subclavian branches ii The internal scapular vein KK The external scapulars 3.3 The vein carried to the Muscle Deltois ll The superior Breast-vein mm The Cephalick vein cut off nn The basilick vein cut off oo The inferior Breast-vein p The left phrenical vein q The right phrenical vein rr A famous branch distributed in the Liver ss tt c. The sprigs thereof distributed in the right and left side thereof uu The Venae musculae or superior Lumbals yy The veins of the Renal Glandulae xx The right and left emulgent zz The right and left spermatical αα The beginning of the Lumbals ββ The Vena muscula of the inferior Lumbal γγ
The Vena sacra ΔΔ The external Iliack branch ΕΕ The Epigastrick vein δδ The internal Iliack branch εε Vena Glutea ζζ The Hypogastrick veins ηη The veins of the Privities θθ The inguinal veins ΚΚ c. The branch of the crural vein iii The Saphena λλ The vein Ischias FIG II. Particularly describes the coronal vein of the heart  FIG III. Shew the Arterial Vein of the Heart A The beginning by which it passeth out of the right ventricle BB Its branches which pass to the right part of the Lungues CC Its branches which pass to the left FIG IV. Shews the great Artery A It s beginning rising out of the heart BB The beginning and progress of the subclavian branches C The trunk descending DD The right and left Iliack branches aa The artery Carotis bb Its external branch distributed to the Jaws Face and backwards to the Ears cc The internal Carotis cut off under the skull dd The vertebral artery in like manner cut off δδ The cervical muscula ee The internal Mammary ff The branches of the superior intercostal artery gg The internal scapular artery hh The external scapular artery ii The superior breast-artery kk The inferior breast-artery lm The arteries distributed to the muscles of the Shoulder nn The inferior intercostals oo The phrenical arteries p The famous artery called Coeliac◠q It s right branch divided into three parts of which the superior and inferior is distributed to the Liver and the middle to the Gall. r The left branch of the Coeliacal s The right Gastrical artery t The splenical artery divided in smal branches to the spleen u The artery called Epiploica ur The Gastroepiploica x The artery carried to the Renal Glandula yyy c. The superior Mesenterical artery distributed into branches zz The emulgent arteries αα The rise of the Lumbal arteries ββ The spermatical arteries γγ The inferior Mesenterical artery derived into many branches ♠The Arteria sacra ΔΔ The external Iliack artery δδ The internal Iliack ηη Arteria Glutaea ζζ The Hypogastrick artery distributed to the right Gut and Privities ♀ ♀ The Hypogastrick artery distributed to the womb distinguished from the former εε The umbilicar artery ΕΕ The Epigastrick artery θθ The Arteria Pudenda ii The Ischias kk The inferior Arteria Muscula λλ The artery which goes to the internal Iliack muscle FIG V. Shews the Coronal Artery of the Heart  FIG VI. Shews the Venal Artery arising from the left Ventricle of the Heart A It s Orifice BB Its branches distributed to the right side of the Lungues CC Its branches distributed to the left CHAP. II. Of the Organs of Voyce and Speech THE Wind-pipe called Trachaea and Aspera Arteria conduceth much to the perfecting of the Office of the Lungues being the channel by which we draw air by inspiration and by expiration cast out fuliginous vapors and form voice and speech Its substance is partly Cartilaginous that the voyce might be the easier by reason of the driness of the Organ and partly Membranous where it is joyned to the Oesophagus that the dilation of it might not be hindred by lying upon a hard body The Cartilaginous part is not all one but composed of very many rings of which the superior are the greater those which are next the Gula want the inferior part of their circumference the rest remain whol till after they have entred the substance of the Lungues they are all curiously knit together by a fleshy Ligament at last they end in Membranous channels like Arteries The Wind-pipe is covered with a double Membrane one external which they hold it hath from the Pleura which is thin and firmly bound to the Ligaments of the Cartilages the internal is thicker and common to the pallat of the mouth of exquisite sence and ready to cast out what troubles it it is bedewed with a fatty humor that the sound may be the cleerer for being rough with flegm the voice is hoarce if dried with heat it is not steady Clangosus is when the voyce begins grave and ends acute It hath veins from the external Jugular Arteries from the Cartides Nerves from the external branches of the sixt pair its Recurrens Sex difference of Temperament alters the bigness of the wind-pipe in form it is like a small shrub that hath crooked branches every way neither is it joyned to the Lungues only but also to the Oesophagus and by its head to the Os Hyois It is divided into two parts Bronchus and Larinx that which is called Bronchus is the lower part long and divided into many branches in both sides of the Lungues The Larynx is the superior part or head of it formed of Cartilages and Muscles for the forming and expressing of sounds Its Cartilages are five whereof the first is called Thyroides or buckler-like from its form being hollow within and gibbous without which is that which sticketh out in the Throat of some men Its processes are four of which two which are superiour and the longer are joyned below to the sides of the Os Hyois the other two which are the inferior and shorter are joyned to the ring-like Cartilage The Buckler-like Cartilage is moved by three pair of Muscles of which the first which draws the Cartilage downward proceeds from the superior and internal part of the Sternum and is inserted into the inferior side of the Cartilage it is called Sternothryroides by the Ancient The second pair which are very small move the Cartilage in the same manner but something obliquely they take their origional forewards from the Ring-like Cartilage and end in the inferior side of the Buckler-like Cartilage from whence they obtained the name Crycothyroides though sometimes on the sides they are largely divided into two Muscles by both these pairs the chink of the Larynx is not a little dilated to draw the buckler-like Cartilage upwards and bind together the chink of the Larynx is the third pair ordained which ariseth from the inferior side of the Hyois and ends about the inferior part of the Bucker-like Cartilage and is called Hyotnyroides The second Cartilage is called Cricoides or ring-like because before 't is round behind hath a broad back just like the Ring the Turkish Archers use to fight in I doubt my Author was mistaken it was the Parthian horse-men not the Turks that used to fight in Rings The third and fourth Cartilages are called Arytaenoides because their form makes a lip like a Laver and they represent that part of the Larynx which is called Glottis Both of them for the better framing of the voyce are moved with four pair of Muscles of which the first are called Thyroarytaenoides It ariseth from the middle internal part of the Thyrois or buckler-like Cartilage it is fleshy and raised upwards and forwards into the sides of the Arytaenois and binds in the chink of the Larynx The second pair are called Arytenoides they are very small yet fleshy and
the Diseases of the Body every one can tell you and therefore I may hold my peace and not spend time in proving the Crow to be black or the Swan white Only this I desire you to take notice of and so I conclude That whereas I have been vituperated many times for being Critical in my Writings I have altogether for born it here though I confess I shall not please every body in this Translation whether a man go at one side of the street or the other the dogs will bark at him and the man in Aesops Fables whether himself rid or his boy or both of them or neither of them could not please the next he met As for Veslingus the Author of this Work which I have here Translated he was and for ought I know or can hear is still the publick Reader of the Anatomy Lecture at the famous Vniversity of Padua in Italy I confess I differ in Opinion from him in some few particulars and but in few especially where he makes the Heart the fountain of Blood as also the Veins that carry it wherein it is apparent that he drank too deep of Aristotles spittle I confess I passed it by in silence diverse are of that Opinion let them give me leave to use mine as I have given them to use theirs As for the Brass Cuts they are performed very exactly far exceeding any that ever were printed in the English Tongue inferior to none in the world Truly I wish this poor Nation much good by this Work that the Lord would open their eyes that they might see the truth and themselves and let them rest confident That whilst I am amongst the Living I shall never cease to do them good according to my power Nich. Culpeper The Contents of the CHAPTERS CHAP. 1. Of the common Coverings of the Body Page 1 CHAP. 2. Of the Bones and Muscles of the Abdomen and of the Peritonaeum Page 5 CHAP. 3. Of the Omentum Stomach and Guts Page 9 CHAP. 4. Of the Mesenterium Sweet-bread Liver and Spleen Page 15 CHAP. 5. Of the Kidneys Ureters and Bladder Page 11 CHAP. 6. Of the Instruments of Generation in Man Page 23 CHAP. 7. Of the Instruments of Generation in Women Page 26 CHAP. 8. Of the Fruit in the Womb Page 30 CHAP. 9. Of the external parts of the Breast Page 35 CHAP. 10. Of the Heart and Lungues Page 39 CHAP. 11. Of the organs of Voyce and Speech Page 44 CHAP. 12. Of the Muscles of the Scapula Back and certain of the Head Page 48 Chap. 13. Of the external parts of the Head their Bones and Muscles Page 51 Chap. 14. Of the Brain and Cerebellum Page 58 Chap. 15. Of the Eyes Page 64 Chap. 16. Of the Ears Page 69 Chap. 17. Of the Bones of the Extream Parts Page 75 Chap. 18. Of the Muscles of the Hands Page 180 Chap. 19. Of the Muscles of the Foot Page 184 Chap. 20. Of the Veins Arteries and Nerves of the Extream Parts Page 188 Joh. Veslingus to the Reader DEmetrius sacked Rhodes and the Suburbs being taken he threatned the City with Fire and Sword they sending an Embassador entreated him that he would not burn the Table of Protogenis placed upon the Wall he readily answers That he would sooner burn the Image of his Father than such a piece of Workmanship for the Workman had painted Jalysus one of the Heroes of Rhodes in a Table to wit the Image of the Body drawn with a Pensil What place then my Reader should the Context it self of the Body of Man his inward Parts and Adornments have in our minds when Demetrius was so chary of only the Shadow Truly the very same which the VVorkmanship of God ought to have he being a delicate Epitome of the whol world by which alone the Eternal God shewed what he was able to do in the Vniverse Men famous for VVisdom in Ancient times were ravished with contemplation of this although from the Age of Alcmaeon even to Diocles they were content with the curious Inspections only and buried the Mystery in silence and left nothing to posterity till the exquisite Knowledg of Mans Body inflamed Man with a greater desire of Study brought it out of darkness into light as the most solid Foundation of that part of Physick called Physyology Amongst the Ancients Galen bears away the Bell in this part of Study which is to be found in his Praise-worthy Works of Dissection afterwards in this latter Age the Precepts of this Art being rectified diligent men encreased the Art of Anatomy of the Body of Man with profitable Observations then it came into great Volumns explaining the Functions confusedly and answering needless Questions also Figures were added cut in Copper to feed the Eyes of those that had not opportunity to see the Dissection In this so famous Anatomical Light I have known not a few profit but little by so great Labors being wearied out with the bulk of the Books and miserably intangled in the snares of Controversies another spends all his time in contemplating the Figures as though he were beholding the Siege of Troy and being ignorant of the Substance rejoyceth in the Image of things To recal those Errors I framed this smal VVork in the manner as we shew it in publick Dissections of the Body of Man I avoided Controversies which belong rather to Contemplatists than the Theaters of Anatomists which were built to behold not to dispute in I was least of all solicitous about the Figures for although very many ingenuous men have been very exact in them yet he labors in vain that labors to find the natural position of Parts their magnitude order hardness softness and as Celsus saith their smoothness process recess insertion into another or reception of another into themselves accurately by them What ever it be we would have it brief and not enlarge it with many words imitating that of Salustius of the Carthaginian Law it is better to speak few things here then to pass by many things with silence seeing such things as are prescribed to yong men of the Body of Man are scarce better done any where than what here is laid down to faithful Eyes and yet if you regard only the speech you will deny as Apelles did of the Table of Protogenis that the work hath any grace or if you regard the novilty of the stile both of them I easily grant you being not desirous of Popular applause I propound the History of the Parts of the Body shewed in Dissections for what profits it to garnish it with flourishes which appears without spot in its Native Beauty being the naked Workmanship of Nature Neither thought I good to abstain from the words already in use lest I should seem to draw a cloud over other Mens Works and darken the way to the Temples of Wisdom and Aesculapius Most of it I drew out of the common Fountain but the Manuduction is drawn out of my own Vessel I
Sponges take away the superfluous moisture thereof It s largeness is various according to the diversity of Bodies In some it is not stretched below the Navil and in some it is the fatter it is the heavier it is so that in very fat Women it causeth barrenness In all it is double and the Tunicles being taken away between the Stomach Spleen and the Gut Colon it often give a receptacle to wind and serosus humors It s fatness takes away its natural coldness and driness and yet in falling down it is very subject to putrifaction for this very reason It is joyned to the round lobe of the Liver to the Sweet-bread Spleen and bottom of the Stomach to the Gut Colon which its office is to cherish The Omentum being taken away the Stomach appears being an Organical part of the inferior Ventricle which converts the foot being taken and well chewed by the teeth into a white substance which the Ancients called Chyle it consists of a three-fold Membrane which is stretched out when it receives in meat and contracted again when it is digested the outward Membrane is called common and it is supposed to receive it from the Peritonaeum the middle Membrane is more fleshy that so it may retain the more heat the inner is fuller of Nerves and is the very same that cloatheth the inside of the pallat this is wrinkled and unequal for the better embracing the meat and that it may not be suddenly vexed with the acrimony of juyces it is defended with a mucilaginous crust a delicate variety of Fibrae is both in the middle and inner tunicle stretched out rightly obliquely and orbicularly which gives solid strength and easie motion to it The stomach receives veins partly from the trunk of the Vena porta partly from the branches thereof both from the right which is called the Mesenterick and from the left which is called Splenical From the trunk of the Vena porta ariseth the vein which is called Vena gastrica dextra others call it Pylorica and it is divided about the lower Orifice of the stomach from the Splenical branch ariseth the vein called Gastrica major which compassing about the superiour region of the stomach and the superior Orifice in form of a Crown is called Coronaria and by certain Anastomosis joyns it self to the Pylorica then the lesser Gastrial veins and the short vessel or short vein which is sometimes within sometimes without the Spleen is stretched out towards the bottom of the stomach sometimes it is not single but manifold Lastly the vein called Gastroepiploica sinistra which comes from the lower branch of the Splenical vein is distributed to the left side of the bottom of the stomach as also to the Omentum from the Mesenterick branch ariseth the vein called Gastroepiploica dextra which also is distributed to the bottom of the stomach partly before and behind and partly to the Omentum and it receives Gastroepiploica sinistra by Osculations All these you may see cleerly delineated in the Table of the following Chapter figure the sixt The Arteries of the Ventricle or stomach arise from the Coeliacal branch of the great Artery from its right and especially its left branches and keep company with the veins like man and wife together The Nerves give the animal Spirit from the external branch of the sixt pair both right and left and are very copious about the upper Orifice hence comes the sence of that place to be so ready and exquisite and such a wonderful consent betwixt the stomach and the bowels for that pair of Nerves seing it is not bestowed upon the stomach alone but also upon the rest of the parts of the Abdomen makes a great consent between them we shall speak of it here briefly but shall describe it and shew it fully in the Theater There ariseth a Nerve of the sixt pair within the skul from the beginning of the marrow of the back a little below the fifth pair which seems to arise out of the concourse of very many smal Nervs having passed the Skull it is knit to a Nerve of the seventh pair and passeth to the tongue and the Muscles of the bone Hyois and on both sides it is divided into an external and an internal branch The outward branch of the right side after it hath administred branches to the Muscles in the Neck then in its progress to the internal Muscles of the Larinx then to the Sphincter of the Throat between the Jugular vein and the Artery called Carotides it slips under the Clavicula in the breast certain branches which it sent out being again united they make that Nerve which is called Recurrens or running back because running back about the subclavian Artery neer the right side of the Aspera Arteria or Wind-pipe then into the Wind-pipe then is distributed in the Muscles of the Larinx making its Progresse from thence and giving smal branches to the Pleura and Pericardium It is stretched out not only to the external tunicle of the Lungs but also in the Lungs themselves to the Branchi of the Aspera Arteria by many branches At last having obtained the name Stomachicall it is divided into two Branches and penetrating both the Gula and Diaphragma it embraceth the superior Orifice of the stomach with a Net like contexture of many small Nerves and it bestows a smal Branch also upon the Liver The Internal Branch of the sixt pair on the right side strengthens its Fibrae with a long red and callous substance In its Progresse by the fore-part of the Neck whilst it applieth to that plexure which is made of the cervical pairs of Nerves and taking small Branches from them growing thick again by its own callous Body it is carried to the Thorax or Breast in which descending under the Pleura neer the roots of the Ribs A small Branch being taken from each inter costall Nerve whence it obtained the name Costalis at last having passed the Diaphragma and sent certain small Branches to the Original of the Mesenterium with the other Internal Branch which is its companion it produceth a Nervous plexure variously guarded with callous Bodies from which by the right Region of the Mesenterium Branches passe to the Guts to the Omentum Liver Gall and right Kidney The remainder of it which is free from this plexure is partly spent upon the os Sacrum partly upon the bottom of the Womb and right side of the Bladder In like manner is the Nerve of the sixt pair distributed by the left side of the breast and Abdomen Save only the external branch of it bends back its Recurrens under the trunk of the great Artery Besides it sends a special Branch with very many Divisions to the Pericardium and the Heart its self then it passeth to the Nervous plexure of the Mescuterium partly by its self partly united to the right Stomachical having first sent a speciall Branch to the Liver The
of the Skull here is often a collection of excrements and a filthy putrifaction and sometimes callous matter and stones found in a Dissection the fourth of the greater Cavities is shorter passing between the Cerebrum and Cerebellum two Branches being first produced it is partly bestowed upon the callous Body and partly enters in two parts the foremost Ventricles of the Brain making a portion of the plexure called Chorois Where there is a concourse and community of these Cavities there that Funnel called Herophilianum is constituted The Dura Mater is firmly joyned to the Sutures of the Skul especially to the Os Sphenois at other places it is at distance both from the Skull and the Pia Mater as the increase and decrease of the Brain requires The other Membrane for the diversity of its habit is called Tenuis Meninx and Pia Mater It is a very thin and soft Membrane not only wrapping the Brain round but also enrowling the turnings of many Veins and Arteries which accompany it which may be easily separated from it The word Brain comprehends both that properly called so and also the Cerebellum it is made of a cleer substance of the Seed and makes the animal Spirit by which the Soul which is the Governess of the Body performs both Sence internal and external and also voluntary motion therefore in living Bodies it is swelled with gentle heat and Spirit in dead Bodies being dissected in thin slices it shines like Alablaster The Ancients thought the Brain was clouded or obscured by Melancholly or vapors drawn up thither Hippocrates rightly conceived that wounds passing deeply into its Cavities were mortal and yet here is a huge difference either by reason of different properties in Nature or the ambient air for light offences either of the Skull or Meninges kill some presently and others whose Brain it self is wounded escape yea although some part of it be taken away and separated by reason of putrifaction also the wound growing together the leaden Instruments used in the cure remain many yeers fixed in the Brain and Meninges The Brain receives Veins on each side from the internal branches of the Jugulars and small passages from the Cavities of the Dura Mater carrying Blood It hath Arteries from the Carotides and those which rise up by the Vertebrae which have but a single Tunicle like the Veins the substance of the Brain hath no Nerve at all and therefore 't is void of sence although it give original to all the Nerves It s largeness in Man is famous and it increaseth and decreaseth as the Moon doth it is divided into the right part and the left by the Hook-like Process of the Dura Mater it hath diverse Cavities which we shall lay open in the particular dissection it hath an evident heat although compared with the other Bowels which are hotter it may be accounted cold and moist also it is made moist by accident seing the vapors sent unto it from the Breast and Stomach are turned into water from whence flowing to the inferior parts if it have not power to resolve them it brings sickness in the small Guts It is garnished with many circulations like the River Meander above it is round like a Sphere and therefore Pliny calls it the Heaven of Man because in figure it imitates the most Sacred and Noble part of the World It is seated by the most wise God within the strong defence of the Skull and the Dura Mater The Brain is moved like the Arteries not so much by any inherent vertue of its own as by vertue communicated by the Heart The Cerebellum is another part of the Brain produced of the same substance with its self and endewed with the same Vessels although fewer in number it is nothing neer so big as the Brain and must yeild to it in roundness but it consists of more Lamens it is hid within the large Cavities of the hinder part of the Head and its office is consecrated to the MEMORY These things thus premised we come now to the Method of Dissection wherein the distinctions of the substances of the Brain are to be viewed as also the callous Body the two foremost Ventricles the Speculum Lucidum the Fornix the Plexus Choroides the third Ventricle and beside that the Eminences in the fore and hinder part of it then the Brain being deduced to the sides and the shorter Process of the Dura Mater being draw away the Nerves of smelling The first second third fourth and fifth Conjugation of Nerves the Infundibulum and Glandula Pituitaria are to be observed then the Brain and Cerebellum being turned to the right side the Rete Mirabile the Process and Cavity of the Cerebellum which is called the fourth Ventricle and the beginning of the Marrow of the Back comes to view The substance of the Brain is double the external which is softer and of a more ashy or yellow colour and the internal which is more sollid and white this they compare to the Marrow the other to the Bark The Corpus Callosusn or Callous Body is a hard portion of the Brain conspicuous between its foremost division under the sides of which the two foremost Ventricles lies These Ventricles are the largest Cavities of the Brain compassed with a thin skin and by their bowing exceed in length its Marrowy substance on the upper part from a broad and blunt beginning it grows something sharp towards the third Ventricle or common Cavity from hence on the backward parts they grow roundish again downwards towards the Basis of the Brain and being bowed like a hook toward their first beginning they are attenuated and end neer the original of the Optick Nerves They are divided into the right and left Ventricle a thin partition passing between them and the substance of the Brain which being withdrawn and held against the light is transparent and therefore called Speculum Lucidum To this is joyned above the Fornix or vault being a callous substance of the Brain it obtained this name because like the vault of a House it sustains the waight of the Brain which else would fall down into the Cavities It is underpropped with three legs of which two are stretched out downwards towards the Basis of the Brain and embracing the root of the Marrow of the Back neer the sides which a singular prominence being neer with a crooked vally they design the inferior Cavity of the foremost Ventricle on each side Arantius gave the name of Hippocampus or Sea-horse and Silk-worm to them the third leg of the vault is stretched forward over the common Cavity of the said Ventricles Besides in the foremost Ventricles is obvious the Plexus Choroides made of a subtil Membrane and very small Glandulae and smal branches of vessels variously infolded both from the fourth Cavity and the branches of the Carotis and Vertebral Arteries That neat and wonderful distribution is seen by the lower Cavity of the Ventricles in which even as