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A60482 Gērochomia vasilikē King Solomons portraiture of old age : wherein is contained a sacred anatomy both of soul and body, and a perfect account of the infirmities of age, incident to them both : and all those mystical and ænigmatical symptomes expressed in the six former verses of the 12th chapter of Ecclesiastes, are here paraphrased upon and made plain and easie to a mean capacity / by John Smith ... Smith, John, 1630-1679. 1666 (1666) Wing S4114; ESTC R22883 124,491 292

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have been still hammering at some such thing Some therefore have interpreted this place to the life of man which passeth as in a Ring according to that saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Others have interpreted it to the death of man when his compounding parts shall revert into the first beings Cedit enim retro de terra quod fuit ante In terram c. And so they make this expression explained at large in the following verse The dust shall return to the earth as it was and the spirit shall return to God that gave it Others interpret it to the reciprocal Communications between the heart and the head the heart continually sending to the head bloud and vital spirits and the head again returning them to the heart sublimed instruments of animality Lastly There are that ingeniously interpret it to Respiration which is performed by a circular motion Inspiration and Expiration continually succeeding one another in their Courses All these Archers have shot exceeding well and have hit the But while many others have shot at Rovers yet these not being able to discern the White have not touched that principal Mark. I mean the grand Circulation in mans body not being known to these ancient Commentators they have done the best that could be in the second place What this grand Circulation is and how performed hath been already described and those vessels that are inward bound which bring home the noble Travellour the encompassour of the little World were described in the Explanation of the foregoing Symbole but those which are outward bound which carry him forth with all his wealth and substance to accomplish his intended end are here intimated unto us by the Wheel That the great Artery with all its branches throughout the whole body is here principally pointed at hath been already said and may be farther confirmed first in that it answers so directly to the vein signified in the last Symptome by the Pitcher Secondly In that it is to us the most apparent Pulsor we can feel the bloud to be forced along its Cavity in the Wrists the Temples and divers other parts of the body Lastly in that it is so appositely placed at the Cock of the Cistern as you shall hear hereafter Yet we must not so limit this Wheel to the Arteries as to exclude the very substance and Parenchymous part of the heart it self For upon whatsoever Instruments the pulsifick faculty is exercising it self they are all here intended by the Wheel for they are they and they only that carry off the bloud from the fountain and force it from the Center of the body to the Circumference Water may easily be conveyed in Trunks or Pipes by its own natural tendency only unto all those places that are beneath or level with the Spring from whence it first comes but if you would have it of a farther use to serve those places that are higher than the spring you must then fetch it up with violence by a Wheel or some such Instrument of force as is to be seen in our Water-houses and all such ingenious Inventions of publick good Thus all the bloud in mans body is in certain Pipes and Trunks by its own natural tendency only brought home to the heart but it will in no wise go farther to be of a more general use to the whole body till it have some Instrument of force to compel it thence-from The Pulsifick faculty is the mover and the Instruments of Pulsation the Wheel that performs this work that is of so publick a concern to the whole The Cistern from whence this Wheel forceth that liquor which afterwards it conveyeth throughout all the parts is the left Ventricle of the heart for hereunto it is that the great Artery is annexed and from hence it doth arise A Cistern is a Vessel made on purpose to receive a due proportion of water and to contain it till the time of use and then conveniently to pass it into those other vessels that are appointed to receive it thence-from And thus the left Ventricle of the heart doth in its Diastole receive that bloud that is brought unto it by the Arteria Venosa of the Lungs and having retained it a little it doth in its Systole conveniently pass a due proportion thereof into the Aorta to be dispensed as was spoken before And this is the true and only use of the left Ventricle For the bloud being enobled and enlivened in the right Ventricle and refrigerated and cleansed from its fuliginous vapours in the Lungs it is now in all things accomplished for its ultimate use and remains only to be sent into those several parts it is to quicken which it cannot conveniently be unless it be first received into this Cistern and afterwards by the Pulsifick Faculty and Instruments be disposed of to that appointed end and we cannot but here remind those portals that are placed both at the entrance into and passage from the vessel we are now speaking of namely the Valvulae tricuspides sigmoideae which as the Cocks to let in and let out do by their opening or shutting give convenient passage or absolute stoppage to that liquor which continually runs that way It cannot but by this time be acknowledged by all those that have gone along with us and taken special notice of the aptness of these two expressions viz. The Pitcher at the Fountain and the Wheel at the Cistern to symbolize unto us the circulation of the bloud and the use and action of the heart and the parts belonging thereunto that the Doctrine which is now justly called Harvaean was at first Solomonian For as it pleased God in these latter daies to give in this certain and most useful knowledge to the industrious and indefatigable endeavours of the Learned Dr. Harvey so did he of old give in the same unto King Solomon in the lump together with all other natural knowledge as a superabundant answer to his fervent and effectual Prayer which great truth being confirmed by the powerful reasons and ocular demonstrations of the one and by this divine testimony of the other let it not be for the future in the least measure doubted or questioned but let it be greatly prized and so much the rather because while many others of great importance wherein these two Worthies doubtless agreed have perished by the way this only from them both hath escaped safe to our hands It remains now that I only name unto you that Symptome of Old Age at the time of death that is here signified unto us by the Wheel broken at the Cistern which cannot but be understood to be the ceasing of the Pulse the Instruments of Pulsation decay and can no longer perform that work which must necessarily be continued for the preservation of life It came to pass when the Lord had a purpose immediately to destroy the Host of the Aegyptians that he looked upon them and troubled them and took off their Charet
while it be kept close keeps the meat in the mouth till it be there sufficiently ground and afterward by the retraction of the Muscle of the throat which for this very reason is called Sphincter gulae it is committed into the throat which is the high way to the stomack but before it can come there it meets again with another door which is called the mouth or superior Orifice of the stomack which unless it be opened also it cannot pass And this any man may perceive in himself in a morning or after the mouth of the stomack hath been long and close shut if he hastily swallow down solid food before he drink it makes a stop there and stands knocking as it were with pain waiting for admittance The third door that the chyle meets withal is the passage out of the stomack into the guts and this is the inferiour Orifice of the stomack which is so wonderfully framed that it gives easie admittance for the chyle from the stomack to the guts but back again from them to this very difficult or none at all and it hath a power of dilating or contracting it self making way or stopping it according as the necessity of Nature requireth from whence it is by Anatomists called Pylorus which is a Greek word as most of the Anatomical terms are and is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 porta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 curam gero and is as much as Janitor the Porter or door-keeper and it doth faithfully according to the dictates of nature shut or open that passage unto which it appertains Besides these three there are many others which I shall only generally name The Capillaries of all the containing vessels in the body the feveral stops of all the Veins and Arteries which are called valvulae especially those eminent ones about the heart of which more hereafter the porosity of all the inward parts of the body the Valvula Coli the Annulus Fibrosus of the bladder of gall the several heads of the Ureters their wonderful insertion into the bladder these and whatsoever else in the body of man can by their constriction stop that which comes unto them and by their dilatation give it convenient passage are in this place called the doors of the streets The streets are those open waies and passages in the body of man which the matter of nourishment passeth along without let or molestation Thou shalt make thy self streets in Damascus saith Benhadad to Ahab that is thou shalt pass through Damascus at thy pleasure without interruption there shall alwaies be a broad and an open way Platea dicitur à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 latus and in this place is as much as Latitudo foranea patens aperta And of such there are divers found in our body The oesophagus or Gullet the six several intestines or guts as usually they are divided by Anatomists the milky vessels of one sort and of another all the Veins and Arteries the Nerves and Lymphaeducts the ductus Cholidochi Pancreaticus Salivalis the Vasa praeparantia deferentia tubuli lactiferi the Ureters and the Uretra in a word all the Communes ductus or open passages which are by nature appointed for the conveyance either of the Aliment or Excrements are the streets here intended forasmuch as they have reference to the grinding before mentioned and are the common roads or high waies to and from the places where the grinding is performed What remains now but only that I briefly name unto you those symptomes of age which are signified unto us by this clause The doors shall be shut in the streets What the doors are you have abundantly heard the shutting or them is nothing else but their ceasing from their use or their not being exercised to that end unto which by nature they are appointed when by reason of the extremity of age the voice of the grindings is very low then shall the doors all the doors both the doors the doors of both kinds the double doors shall be shut in the streets they shall all have lost their opening faculty so that they shall neither let in nor let pass nor let out what they ought to do as they formerly did so long as the strength of man remained and the voice of the grinding was high Occlusio labiorum contraum cibum obseratio pharyng is ulriusque orificii ventriculi deglutiendi difficultas impotentia reserandi in omnibus arteriarum venarum imo omnium internarum partium ostiis valvulis pororum constrictio dysuria stranguria iscuria alvi adstrictio sen potius pigra tardaque depositio These and the like symptomes that arise from the inability of those parts that have in themselves a power of opening and shutting for the benefit of the body are hereby indicated unto us And thus far of the natural faculty of man both in reference to the preservation of the Individual and the propagation of the Species from which short observations they that are better skilled in the hidden mystery of the frame of mans body and know all the wonderful alterations that are therin made may easily attain the knowledge of the full scope and intention of the Wise-man in this place He shall rise up at the voice of the bird This expression being in it self easier than the rest and having been well understood by most that have considered this Allegory I shall not much insist upon it I shall only tell you that it is to be understood of those infirmities of age whereby men are altogether unable to take that content and quietness that sleep and nocturnal repose which formerly they had used to be refreshed with there are that earnestly contend to have the latter part translated Ad vocem passeris others would have it Ad gallicantum others are content with Advocein volueris For my own part I think it not worth the dispute what this bird is in particular The generall word pleaseth me best and the Original word Omnem significat avem mane surgentem ad gurriendum For the Radix is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and hath two eminent significations one is Alas habere sive evolare and the other Maturare sive mane surgere and that which else where is translated the early morning is from the same root with this word in the Text so that if we say the early bird or the bird that is warbling its accustomed note betime in the morning without descending to particulars we shall take in the whole latitude of the signification of the word and the full scope of this part of the description of age which is nothing else but to shew how restless and wakeful men are in their old age so that that which is said of the abundance of the rich man may as truly be said of the infirmity of the old man it will not suffer him to sleep In the night time possibly he may have some unquiet drowsings but when the morning approacheth that
and that which doth farther confirm this reason is from the Antithesis that is also in the predicate of these expressions For as there the Grashoppers are said to grow big or burdensome So here the Capers are said to shrink or decay for so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth and is usually translated dissipabitur abolebitur conteret shall wast or consume shall be spent or worn out and is a Metaphor taken from interbastation patching or piecing sewing or clapping close together making faster or harder those things that were more dilated spongy and flourishing before So that what we are to understand by this Sentence the Capers shall shrink is the alteration of all the moyst and tender parts of the body usually called the sanguineous Fluidarum scil depravatio minoratio mollium ariditas consumptio I cannot exclude hencefrom that change that befalleth the bloud and natural humours of the body in the time of age For they become low and much depauperated they are diminished and far less in quantity than they were before Minimus gelido jam corpore sanguis Nor can I exclude that change that hapneth to the fat and marrow man in his full strength is described by Job to be such an one Whose breasts are full of milk and his bones moystned with marrow But when he is very old there is scarce any milk or fat or marrow or moysture left in all his body a Consumption is determined concerning them all But that alteration which is principally here intended is that which befalleth those parts of the body that usually go under the name of flesh Now the flesh of the body is of three sorts Parenchymous Glandulous or Musculous The flesh either of the bowels or entrails or of the Glandules or kernels or lastly of the Muscles or outward parts of the body that are the instruments of voluntary motion It is without all question that the entrails of man as the Liver the Spleen the Heart the Lungs c. do receive great alteration in age they decline very much from their softness sponginess and porofity and become far harder and faster and more Schirrous than they were before The same also may be said concerning all the natural Glandules in the body of man those that serve either to Excretion to Reduction or to Nutrition They all of them vary much from their primitive tenderness and bigness and so become more durous and are far more consumed than they were at first and that which the Learned and most ingenious Author of the late Tract De Glandulis doth observe of the Thymus by the time of middle age may be also observed of most of the other Glandules in the time of extream age that is that they will bear very little proportion either in weight or substance to what they did at first but by experience they are found to shrivel and shrink away and be consumed almost to nothing But of all the parts of the body those lax and tender flakes of flesh that lye over and cover the bones and are at both ends affixed to them which from the form of some of them are usually called Muscles do most properly deserve the name of flesh and are consequently chiefly intended in this place These are in Scripture called the coverings of a man Thou hast covered me saith David in my mothers womb And again Job Thou hast covered me with skin and with flesh Now as man declines in years so do these coverings wax old and shrink so that at length they become shorter and narrower than that a man can comelily be wrapped up in them So that this together with the former Symptome doth abundantly shew the great alteration and deformity that is easily discerned upon the external parts of the body in the time of extream age The body becomes more uncomly cragged and crumpled the bones stare through the skin the flesh that should cover them is wasted much away And this condition is lively described by Elihu one of the friends of Job who speaking of Gods dealing with men sometime in reference to their body pointing therein at Jobs Consumption which in this respect is exactly answerable to the Marasmus Senilis saith His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen and his bones that were not seen stick out I would have this expression be principally noted and remembred as being a most perfect Comment upon these two last mentioned Symptomes of age For the former words viz. His flesh is consumed away that it cannot be seen is the same that is said in these words Dissipatur Capparis and the latter words viz. The bones which were not seen stick out is the same which is said in those Impinguatur Locusta And thus much shall suffice to have spoken for the Explication of all those Symtomes that attend a man all along the time of his decrepit state For man goeth to his long home and the mourners go about the streets These words being not at all figurative but only a plain and easie transition from one part of the Allegory to another namely from those Symptomes that attend a man all along his decrepit state unto those that do immediately forerun his Dissolution It is beside my purpose to speak to them at all for my intention hath been only to explain the difficult terms in the Allegory And I would not willingly seem to any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to play the Bishop in anothers Diocess or to meddle with those matters that are peculiarized to another Coat yet because the words are now read I cannot but take notice of two things in them that is first the term of long home and secondly the mourning at the funeral The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which intimates unto us the state of death and is here translated Long hath three eminent significations either of which may be very well accepted in this place In the first place it signifieth abditum occultum a secret and an hidden thing and thus it is derived from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Latitavit absconditum fuit as it is very often used If the whole Congregation of Israel sin through ignorance and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly And again not to cite many places to this purpose which were easie to do in the last Verse of this Chapter and Book of Ecclesiastes For God will bring every work to judgment with every secret thing which is from the same original word used in this fifth verse for long home And indeed that home that we are all hasting to and know not how soon we may recover or come at and aged persons are undoubtedly at the door of is the true and proper hiding place for all living For they shall all lye down alike together in the grave and the worms shall cover them Men are hid together in the dust and their faces are there bound in secret Death is
sound heart is the life of the flesh My son give me thy heart saith Solomon intimating that that was vertually a gift of the whole The soveraignty and principallity of the Heart above all the other members of the body might be abundantly confirmed from Scripture but what hath been said may suffice Yet there is one place relating more particularly to the action and use of the heart that I would especially note and that is in our English Bookes My heart is inditing a good matter But here as in many other places the Translation comes very short of the Original and so the whole strength of the Metaphor is lost 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word is not elsewhere used in the Bible and therefore in this place greatly to be weighed it hath two significations which joyned together make up the whole work of the heart The first is fervere ebullire praeparare cibos the other is cum impetu pr●trudere longè eructare sive pulsare the heart gives heat and motion and life unto that which is to be our nourishment and after that it doth with a certain force and vehemency cast it forth and pulse it to all even the extreamest parts that are thereby to be enlivened And this in the Letter not having been understood by Interpreters makes them come farr short also in the Mystery which is that the Doctrine of the Kingdom of Christ for that is the good thing that his heart is here inditing having not as yet had its full measure of strength and life in the World and that which it formerly had by reason of the revolution of time and circulation of Ages being much weakned and enfeebled is now again in Davids heart by the Spirit of the living God impraegnated with new vigour and thencefrom with great earnestness pulsed forth to the Generations to come even to the end to sustain and support them and to quicken them all to their duty and to a longing expectation of the Glorious Kingdom of their Lord. But to return to the Heart with the Blood We must farther know for the explication of these symptomes that there are within the body of the heart two firmly distinct cavities a right and a left usually called Ventricles from which there arise and unto which there are annexed certain peculiar vessels conducing to the ends hereafter specified Out of the right ventricle of the heart proceed the great vein called Vena Cava which sends forth branches throughout the whole body and hath at its entrance into the heart certain portals from their form called valvulae tricuspides And also that Artery anciently called vena arteriosa inserted into the lungs unto whose original are annexed the portals resembling the Greek Sigma and are therefore called valvulae sigmoideae Out of the lest Ventricle proceed that vein anciently called arteria venosa inserted in like manner into the lungs and also the great Artery called Arteria aorta which dispenseth its branches throughout the whole Body both whose Cavities are defended with the like portals with the former It remains onely that we shew how the blood and life is actuated in these parts and howit passeth in and through them and in and through the whole habit of the Body which is by way of Rotation or running the round going out from the fountain and returning thither again The Sun ariseth and the Sun goeth down and hasteth to the place where he arose The Wind goeth toward the South and turneth about unto the North it whirleth about continually and the Wind returneth again according to its Circuits All the Rivers run into the Sea yet the Sea is not full unto the place from whence the Rivers come thither they return again Thus it pleaseth the King to express the Circulations of the greater World those of the lesser are no less remarkable The Blood wherein is the Life of Man passeth about the Body continually and returns according to its circuits the streames thereof run into the fountain which is never full unto the place from whence they come thither they return again which is by the Instruments before mentioned thus performed The Vena Cava containing much blood in its cavity neer the basis of the Heart on the right side doth gently pass it into the right Ventricle of the Heart which is dilated in its Diastole for its reception and immediately thereupon contracting its self in its Systole the three pointed Portals hindering the passage back again into the Cava it must necessarily thrust the blood through the open passage of the Vena Arteriosa where the sigmoidal Portals hindering its return it must pass through the Streiner of the Lungs and so be received into the branches of the Arteria Venosa and thereby brought into the left Ventricle of the Heart where again it is with violence pulsed forth into the Aorta the Portals here as before alwayes hindering its regress by the branches of which Artery it is carried to all the parts of the Body to enliven them which work being done what remaines is received into the Capillaries of the Veines in the several parts whence it passeth of its own accord naturally towards its Center from the lesser into the greater branches of the veines and consequently at last into the great Trunk of the Cava from whence it is recommitted into the right ventricle of the Heart to be chased the Foyl This is the true Doctrine of the excellency and motion of the blood and of the use of the Heart and the parts appertaining thereunto all which were perfectly known to Solomon as will abundantly appear anon in the explication of the symptomes we are now about Yet it pleased the Lord that this knowledge should with the possessor of it sink into dust and darkness where it lay buried for the space of 2500 years at the least till it was retreived thence from by the wisdome and industry of that incomparable and for ever to be renouned Dr. William Harvey the greatest honour of our Nation and of all Societies of which he was a Member who stands and ever will do with the highest note of Honour in the Calenders both of Physicians and Philosophers and it were but justice to put him with the same eminence into that of the Church since he hath Contributed more to the understanding of this and many other places of Scripture then all that ever undertook that Charge These things being throughly weighed and well understood the two symptomes which remain to be spoken to do open themselves into the same Doctrine without any more ado By the Pitcher therefore we must understand the true and proper conceptacle of the Blood namely the Veines which throughout the whole body serve only as a vessel to contain that noble Liquor and carry it back again to the Fountain The Original word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth sometime more generally any containing vessel and so is taken for the Widows
Barrel in which was the meal but more especially that which is called a pitcher and so more frequently it is used This word both the Greeks and the Latines take unto themselves only varying the Termination as is most proper to each Language and that in the very same signification Now the proper containing Vessel for the bloud is the Veins there the bloud is as I may say at home in its own place while it is in the heart it is preparing enlivening and enobling while it is in the Lungs and all the other Parenchymous parts of the bowels it is depurating and cleansing while it is in the Arteries it is by force journeying while it is in the Porosities of the fleshy parts it is communicating of life and nourishing but while it is in the Veins it hath no force upon it at all nor is it doing any thing of general use to the Body only consulting its own good and tending in its own natural course to its proper Center as milk is in the breasts and marrow in the bones so is bloud in the veins and therefore these are the Pitcher here intended This Pitcher also hath its Ear which is usually called Auricula Cordis which notwithstanding its name as if it most properly appertained to the heart yet we must know doth rather belong to the vein and is indeed a part thereof and not only a part but the principal and primary part thereof from whence all other parts and branches do arise as from their original and whereunto all the bloud of the body by the Compressive motion of the Veins doth naturally tend as to its ultimate hold and whence-from it will in no wise depart but by force and therefore this head-spring of the veins being dilated by the continual afflux of bloud is necessitated to ease it self by Contraction and so conveniently forceth out a due proportion of bloud into the Fountain whereunto it is annexed Now the Fountain can be no other than the right Ventricle of the heart for this is yet more strictly the fountain of life and forge of the vital spirits and it doth sensibly live before and dye after the other parts even of the heart it self Moreover here it is that the matter of our nourishment receiveth its first enlivening for our food being received from the stomack and guts into the common passage of Chyle is thence-from carried directly into the subclavial branch of the Vena Cava where being mixed with bloud it yet remains lifeless and heartless till being carried along that vein it is at last brought into the right Ventricle of the heart wherein the heat motion and ferment set the active principles thereof at a perfect freedom and so instantly endow it with plenty both of life and spirit Thus richly fraught doth the bloud pass out of its fountain and by the waies before described it is brought to all the parts of the body where parting with much of its lading for their sustentation and being refrigerated by the coldness of the extremities and the ambient air it would soon be coagulated and altogether barren did it not return again to the right Ventricle of the heart as unto its own fountain to recover its former perfection This part therefore that doth at the first give life to that which enliveneth the whole man and doth as often as it returns thither impraegnate it anew with the same must needs be the fountain here intended And to this the Original word gives an extraordinary clearness implying not only the Signum but the Signatum not the Hieroglyphick only but the part thereby deciphered signifying in the first place Fons a Fountain and secondarily Scaturigo Venarum the spring or original from whence the Veins arise and this is so clear that made ancient Commentators interpret the Fountain here unto the Liver Now had they been right in their natural knowledge that is had they known that the Veins do not arise from the Liver as from their first original but from the right Ventricle of the heart as all knowing men now confess they do they had without all doubt by the guidance of this most significant word pitched upon the true meaning of the place These Vessels being throughly understood we must farther know that so long as man remains in perfect health and strength they are uncellantly and carefully performing all those offices unto which they are appointed but this natural Course doth not continue for ever for this Pitcher is but an earthen Vessel and doth not so often go to the Fountain but at last it comes broken home This breaking of the Pitcher here which is the Symptome of old age just upon the point of death is the failing of the Veins their ceasing from their natural action and use when they can no longer carry back nor conveniently pass into the heart that liquor which they properly contain That little bloud that remains in the cold body of man near his end is soon Coagulated and stagnating in the Veins the motion and circulation thereof is hindered and so it becomes thick like unto the pith of Elder And because it cannot return to the fountain for a redintegration of its life and spirit it dyeth in the veins and so all the extream parts of the body become spiritless and cold which is the Symptome here intended Frigiditas extremorum is acknowledged by all that have considered that subject as one of the most certain signs of approaching death And our great Master of Prognosticks in that compleat and yet compendious book of his Aphorisms doth once and again not out of forgetfulness but out of earnestness that it may more especially be taken notice of give us that famous Maxime 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The wheel broken at the Cistern The Symptome last spoken of had reference to the Instruments of the vital Faculty which serve for importation and reception of the bloud and spirits this that we are now speaking to hath reference to those which serve for exportation and rejection of the same The bloud as was before observed naturally of its own accord tends in the veins unto the heart but it returns not from the heart into the parts of the body but by force Thus all the Rivers in the Land naturally ebb into the Sea but they flow not thence-from any farther than the violence and impulse of the Sea extends The bloud being once forced from the heart is presently received into the Trunk of the great Artery called the Aorta and by the branches thereof is carried to all the parts of the body This therefore being the chief and principal instrument of Rotation or Circulation of the bloud is most aptly intimated unto us by a Wheel For what is a Wheel but an instrument of Circulation And what can a Wheel be an Hieroglyphick of but of something that goes or makes the round And this is so obvious to every one that all that have ever Commented upon this place