solid_a meat_n and_o together_o with_o the_o drink_n serve_v as_o a_o fit_a menstruum_fw-la to_o extract_v the_o laudable_a and_o alimentary_a part_n of_o they_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la tincturae_fw-la but_o this_o liquation_n of_o solid_a meat_n in_o the_o stomach_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v by_o motion_n placid_a gentle_a and_o imperceptible_a in_o the_o state_n of_o health_n not_o by_o those_o violent_a commotion_n and_o irrequiet_a agitation_n that_o always_o proceed_v from_o and_o accompany_v ferment_n proper_o so_o call_v during_o their_o work_n as_o all_o man_n that_o enjoy_v good_a health_n feed_v sober_o and_o keep_v a_o regular_a course_n of_o diet_n may_v easy_o observe_v in_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o this_o acid_n phlegm_n can_v proper_o and_o in_o philosophical_a strictness_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o family_n of_o ferment_n the_o same_o may_v with_o equal_a reason_n be_v say_v also_o of_o the_o bile_n and_o pancreatic_a juice_n commix_v in_o the_o duodenum_fw-la they_o may_v perhaps_o conduce_v somewhat_o to_o the_o far_a attenuation_n and_o exaltation_n of_o the_o chyle_n they_o may_v also_o promote_v both_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o nutritive_a from_o the_o excrementitious_a part_n of_o the_o same_o chyle_n and_o the_o insinuation_n and_o permeation_n of_o the_o former_a through_o the_o coat_n or_o membrane_n of_o the_o gut_n into_o the_o milky_a vein_n all_o this_o they_o may_v do_v and_o yet_o not_o by_o way_n of_o fermentation_n whereof_o there_o be_v neither_o necessity_n nor_o sense_n in_o statu_fw-la sanitatis_fw-la and_o to_o argue_v from_o a_o preternatural_a state_n to_o a_o natural_a be_v a_o paralogism_n now_o if_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o so_o much_o celebrate_v ferment_n have_v any_o more_o right_a to_o that_o denomination_n than_o what_o be_v precarious_o derive_v from_o some_o remote_a and_o slender_a analogy_n or_o semblance_n imagine_v to_o be_v betwixt_o their_o nature_n quality_n and_o effect_n and_o those_o observe_v in_o genuine_a and_o true_a ferment_n as_o certain_o neither_o of_o they_o yet_o appear_v to_o have_v what_o ought_v we_o to_o think_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o invisible_a ferment_n suppose_v to_o reside_v in_o place_n where_o hitherto_o they_o have_v never_o be_v find_v why_o may_v we_o not_o till_o they_o shall_v be_v by_o anatomical_a and_o other_o convince_a experiment_n show_v to_o we_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v existence_n no_o where_o but_o in_o the_o brain_n of_o fanciful_a man_n for_o my_o part_n i_o blush_v not_o even_o in_o this_o venerable_a assembly_n of_o most_o learned_a man_n where_o i_o have_v as_o many_o judge_n as_o auditor_n open_o to_o profess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o this_o belief_n because_o the_o non_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr non_fw-la existentibus_fw-la eadem_fw-la ratio_fw-la est_fw-la and_o because_o i_o have_v hear_v a_o eminent_a member_n of_o this_o first_o and_o more_o ancient_a royal_a society_n a_o man_n renown_v over_o all_o europe_n for_o his_o philosophical_a and_o anatomical_a write_n deliver_v this_o judgement_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o natural_a ferment_n fancy_v to_o be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n that_o they_o be_v a_o new-found_a asylum_fw-la ignorantiae_fw-la i_o say_v of_o natural_a ferment_n lest_o what_o i_o have_v say_v shall_v be_v detort_v to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o preternatural_a fermentation_n which_o i_o do_v not_o deny_v to_o be_v incident_a sometime_o to_o the_o blood_n and_o other_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n more_o signal_o in_o fever_n and_o some_o other_o acute_a disease_n though_o perhaps_o not_o so_o often_o as_o vulgar_a physician_n imagine_v what_o i_o have_v hitherto_o say_v may_v perchance_o seem_v to_o some_o of_o my_o auditor_n to_o be_v a_o digression_n and_o they_o may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v make_v my_o first_o step_n in_o a_o wrong_a path_n i_o be_o therefore_o oblige_v in_o my_o own_o defence_n to_o advertise_v they_o that_o have_v propose_v to_o myself_o to_o inquire_v strict_o into_o the_o natural_a necessity_n or_o mechanical_a reason_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o find_v the_o aforesaid_a comment_n of_o ferment_n lie_v like_o a_o block_n in_o my_o way_n i_o think_v it_o concern_v i_o rather_o to_o remove_v than_o to_o leap_v over_o it_o and_o leave_v it_o for_o other_o to_o stumble_v at_o for_o some_o there_o be_v and_o those_o too_o man_n who_o name_n be_v deserve_o celebrate_v for_o their_o profound_a knowledge_n both_o in_o anatomy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n ferment_n who_o in_o their_o book_n have_v profess_o teach_v that_o even_o the_o blood_n itself_o the_o seat_n of_o life_n also_o undergo_v a_o certain_a natural_a fermentation_n in_o the_o heart_n lung_n and_o great_a artery_n as_o necessary_a to_o its_o perfection_n and_o vitality_n a_o doctrine_n which_o to_o i_o i_o profess_v seem_v very_o improbable_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n improbable_a first_o because_o of_o all_o the_o various_a liquor_n find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n in_o statu_fw-la naturae_fw-la the_o blood_n seem_v of_o itself_o least_o prone_a to_o fermentation_n which_o be_v incident_a chief_o if_o not_o sole_o to_o new_a and_o musty_a liquor_n whereas_o the_o great_a part_n by_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n be_v old_a and_o by_o repeat_v circulation_n well_o defaecate_v in_o its_o proper_a emunctory_n and_o by_o insensible_a transpiration_n and_o by_o consequence_n need_v no_o fermentation_n true_a it_o be_v indeed_o that_o new_a chyle_n be_v ever_o now_o and_o then_o bring_v into_o the_o rivulet_n of_o the_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o common_a cistern_n thereof_o by_o the_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_fw-la and_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n for_o a_o recruit_v but_o in_o a_o quantity_n so_o small_a a_o few_o drop_n perhaps_o at_o once_o for_o more_o will_v not_o be_v find_v to_o bear_v a_o just_a proportion_n either_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o chyle_n which_o be_v but_o little_a or_o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o pipe_n lead_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n as_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o perturb_v and_o excite_v a_o fermentation_n in_o the_o blood_n with_o which_o it_o be_v mix_v if_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o chyle_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o blood_n at_o one_o time_n certain_o the_o blood_n will_v soon_o lose_v its_o native_a purple_a and_o put_v on_o the_o white_a livery_n of_o the_o chyle_n especial_o in_o the_o descend_a part_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la where_o the_o commixture_n be_v first_o make_v which_o yet_o no_o anatomist_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v ever_o observe_v second_o when_o ferment_n be_v commix_v with_o liquor_n consist_v of_o heterogeneous_a particle_n they_o be_v general_o slow_a in_o exert_v their_o power_n and_o by_o degree_n insinuate_v and_o diffuse_v their_o active_a particle_n through_o the_o whole_a mass_n before_o they_o can_v so_o far_o prevail_v as_o to_o raise_v a_o universal_a commotion_n and_o tumult_n in_o they_o as_o common_a experience_n testify_v but_o the_o new_o commix_v chyle_n and_o blood_n be_v in_o a_o moment_n at_o most_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o few_o pulse_n of_o the_o heart_n rapt_v out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la first_o into_o the_o right_a ear_n and_o then_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n so_o that_o here_o be_v no_o morula_fw-la no_o competent_a space_n of_o time_n give_v to_o excite_v a_o actual_a fermentation_n three_o here_o be_v want_v also_o convenient_a place_n to_o all_o fermentation_n be_v require_v fit_a room_n wherein_o the_o liquor_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o undergo_v a_o impetuose_fw-la commotion_n and_o agitation_n of_o all_o their_o dissimilar_v and_o contra_a particle_n nor_o will_v the_o must_v of_o wine_n itself_o ever_o ferment_n if_o it_o be_v keep_v in_o close_a and_o strong_a cask_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o make_n of_o stum_n but_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la the_o heart_n and_o artery_n be_v fill_v with_o blood_n even_o to_o distension_n till_o by_o their_o systole_n they_o squirt_v it_o forth_o and_o then_o in_o the_o next_o moment_n they_o be_v replenish_v what_o room_n then_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o blood_n to_o ferment_n in_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o its_o own_o constitution_n unapt_a to_o ferment_n as_o bear_v a_o great_a analogy_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o milk_n than_o to_o that_o of_o wine_n whatever_o the_o willisians_n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a and_o see_v that_o neither_o the_o small_a supply_n of_o chyle_n which_o it_o daily_o receive_v be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v nor_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n in_o which_o it_o pass_v through_o the_o praecordia_fw-la nor_o the_o want_n of_o convenient_a room_n permit_v a_o fermentation_n what_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o assent_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o teach_v that_o a_o fermentation_n of_o the_o blood_n
marrow_n which_o be_v send_v down_o direct_o into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o if_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o convey_v some_o influence_n into_o it_o no_o great_a difference_n this_o and_o yet_o the_o cause_n that_o induce_v nature_n to_o make_v it_o may_v be_v great_a what_o it_o be_v be_v difficult_a to_o find_v out_o it_o may_v probable_o have_v some_o respect_n to_o the_o prone_a posture_n of_o brute_n which_o be_v horizontal_a must_v cause_v the_o ponderose_n machine_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o swagg_n and_o the_o cone_n to_o point_n not_o towards_o the_o midrif_n as_o in_o erect_a man_n but_o towards_o the_o sternum_n and_o therefore_o in_o they_o there_o may_v be_v need_n of_o more_o auxiliary_a nerve_n to_o assist_v the_o heart_n motion_n in_o that_o position_n but_o whatever_o may_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n i_o do_v not_o assent_v to_o their_o conjecture_n neurologia_fw-la who_o say_v that_o because_o the_o head_n of_o beast_n look_v downward_o therefore_o the_o 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thus_o compose_v of_o many_o miriads_o of_o strong_a fibre_n of_o various_a order_n by_o most_o dense_a contexture_n compact_v and_o of_o various_a nerve_n intersper_v it_o require_v to_o be_v continual_o cherish_v with_o due_a heat_n as_o well_o without_o as_o within_z wherefore_o the_o heart_n have_v no_o heat_n but_o what_o it_o receive_v from_o the_o blood_n in_o which_o only_o the_o true_a calidum_fw-la innatum_fw-la the_o lar_n familiaris_fw-la reside_v nature_n have_v furnish_v it_o with_o two_o artery_n for_o its_o own_o peculiar_a use_n divide_v almost_o from_o their_o origine_fw-la into_o two_o trunk_n the_o orifice_n of_o which_o open_v themselves_o near_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi immediate_o without_o the_o valvulae_fw-la semilunare_n they_o be_v fit_o call_v coronary_a artery_n because_o their_o trunk_n do_v not_o present_o enter_v into_o the_o parenchyma_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o first_o make_v their_o tour_fw-fr or_o circuit_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o disperse_v their_o branch_n round_o the_o basis_n of_o it_o in_o manner_n of_o a_o crown_n or_o rather_o a_o diadem_n and_o though_o from_o their_o very_a original_n they_o divide_v and_o recede_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o to_o the_o opposite_a region_n of_o the_o heart_n yet_o they_o meet_v again_o in_o their_o extreme_a branch_n and_o by_o mutual_a anastomóse_n or_o inosculation_n communicate_v betwixt_o themselves_o so_o that_o if_o any_o liquor_n be_v inject_v into_o either_o of_o they_o it_o will_v in_o a_o moment_n appear_v to_o diffuse_v itself_o also_o through_o the_o other_o and_o this_o mutual_a communication_n seem_v to_o be_v design_v to_o a_o good_a end_n for_o since_o the_o necessity_n of_o influent_a heat_n or_o life_n be_v equal_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o necessity_n can_v not_o be_v more_o commodious_o satisfy_v any_o way_n than_o by_o this_o artifice_n of_o mutual_a inosculation_n betwixt_o the_o extremity_n of_o these_o two_o artery_n no_o soon_o have_v the_o blood_n thus_o import_v communicate_v its_o vital_a heat_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o heart_n than_o it_o be_v thence_o export_v by_o the_o two_o coronary_a vein_n which_o in_o like_a manner_n encompass_v the_o heart_n and_o by_o their_o numerose_n emissary_n surcle_v imbibe_v the_o blood_n effuse_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n reduce_v it_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n thence_o to_o be_v bring_v through_o the_o lung_n back_o again_o into_o the_o left_a so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o private_a circulation_n in_o a_o small_a circuit_n institute_v for_o the_o peculiar_a benefit_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o the_o extreme_a surcle_n of_o the_o coronary_a artery_n be_v mutual_o inosculate_v so_o also_o be_v those_o of_o the_o coronary_a vein_n as_o be_v apparent_a from_o ocular_a inspection_n for_o if_o you_o take_v the_o heart_n of_o a_o calf_n or_o any_o other_o very_o young_a animal_n for_o in_o such_o these_o vessel_n be_v most_o easy_o discernible_a and_o with_o the_o back_n of_o a_o penknife_n gentle_o impel_v the_o blood_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o other_o you_o shall_v see_v it_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o vein_n of_o one_o side_n into_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v the_o like_a mutual_a communication_n per_fw-la anastomôsin_fw-la betwixt_o capillary_a vessel_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n beside_o the_o proper_a vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n now_o describe_v there_o be_v annex_v to_o its_o basis_n also_o two_o subsidiary_a muscle_n hollow_a and_o round_o from_o thence_o call_v auriculae_fw-la cordis_fw-la frame_v with_o no_o less_o art_n than_o the_o heart_n itself_o though_o of_o less_o bulk_n for_o they_o be_v compose_v of_o robu_v fibre_n too_o and_o dispose_v in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o as_o their_o motion_n precede_v that_o of_o the_o heart_n so_o have_v they_o 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venosa_fw-la into_o the_o left_a whither_o it_o be_v impel_v by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n and_o by_o the_o coincident_a elasticity_n of_o the_o inspire_a air_n it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a the_o capacity_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n shall_v be_v proportionate_o large_a to_o receive_v and_o transfund_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n a_o quantity_n of_o blood_n sufficient_a to_o fill_v it_o for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o office_n of_o these_o ear_n be_v like_o that_o of_o funnel_n to_o transmit_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la when_o it_o approach_v to_o the_o heart_n participate_v somewhat_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o muscle_n for_o there_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o fleshy_a circular_a fibre_n by_o which_o it_o be_v constringe_v and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n run_v through_o the_o canal_n thereof_o be_v urge_v the_o fast_a into_o the_o right_a ear_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o a_o gut_n or_o bladder_n be_v outward_o constringe_v by_o the_o hand_n the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v express_v and_o its_o regress_n hinder_v we_o have_v now_o survey_v the_o structure_n of_o this_o admirable_a machine_n the_o heart_n at_o least_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o render_v more_o plain_a and_o intelligible_a what_o i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v concern_v the_o action_n thereof_o to_o which_o i_o now_o pass_v ¶_o ⸫_o evident_a it_o be_v both_o to_o the_o sight_n and_o to_o the_o touch_n that_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n the_o whole_a fleshy_a substance_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v stretch_v and_o harden_v with_o very_o great_a force_n as_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v when_o they_o act_v and_o certain_o this_o tension_n and_o induration_n arise_v from_o the_o very_a structure_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o column_n of_o it_o and_o their_o
action_n and_o use_v of_o the_o ear_n and_o valve_n of_o the_o heart_n first_o discover_v by_o our_o immortal_a dr._n harvey_n and_o since_o confirm_v by_o various_a experiment_n of_o other_o excellent_a anatomist_n be_v then_o certain_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o endeavour_v to_o explore_v the_o mechanic_n cause_v of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v muscle_n round_o hollow_a and_o compose_v of_o fleshy_a fibre_n wound_v about_o spiral_o and_o intersect_v each_o the_o other_o decussatim_fw-la and_o because_o they_o end_v into_o little_a column_n and_o trench_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v frame_v therefore_o must_v they_o operate_v by_o the_o same_o mechanic_n necessity_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o the_o heart_n operate_v viz._n by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o press_n and_o by_o wedge_n insinuate_v into_o the_o pore_n of_o their_o fibre_n they_o must_v be_v swell_v and_o so_o constringed_a and_o consequent_o express_v the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o second_o that_o the_o constriction_n of_o these_o ear_n aught_o to_o precede_v the_o contraction_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n though_o both_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v perform_v at_o one_o time_n may_v be_v thus_o demonstrate_v for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o true_a then_o either_o the_o ear_n and_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o moment_n of_o time_n or_o the_o heart_n be_v first_o constringe_v and_o then_o the_o ear_n if_o the_o first_o because_o the_o triangular_a valve_n have_v no_o use_n before_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v nor_o after_o the_o constriction_n of_o it_o be_v complete_a because_o the_o shut_n of_o the_o valve_n will_v be_v in_o vain_a when_o the_o blood_n can_v flow_v back_o and_o slow_a back_n it_o can_v before_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v because_o then_o the_o blood_n be_v not_o yet_o in_o the_o ventricles_n and_o so_o can_v be_v impel_v by_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o after_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o expulsate_a blood_n can_v much_o less_o flow_v back_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o at_o what_o time_n the_o ventricles_n be_v constringe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o venose_n orifice_n ought_v to_o be_v exact_o shut_v by_o the_o triangular_a valve_n that_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v impel_v not_o backward_o but_o forward_o into_o the_o artery_n but_o if_o at_o that_o same_o time_n the_o ear_n be_v constringe_v they_o will_v inevitable_o vomit_v out_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o into_o the_o ventricles_n and_o so_o open_a the_o clausure_n make_v by_o the_o triangular_a valve_n because_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_v as_o to_o be_v open_v and_o dilate_a by_o the_o very_a come_n of_o the_o blood_n wherefore_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o blood_n will_v be_v impel_v by_o the_o ear_n into_o the_o heart_n and_o repel_v by_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o these_o two_o contrary_a motion_n will_v mutual_o destroy_v each_o the_o other_o and_o both_o be_v in_o vain_a beside_o when_o two_o outlet_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n open_a in_o one_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o whole_a compressive_a force_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n which_o impel_v the_o two_o half_n of_o the_o blood_n one_o backward_o the_o other_o forward_o into_o the_o artery_n and_o therefore_o nature_n will_v foolish_o by_o a_o double_a endeavour_n attain_v but_o half_o her_o end_n we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o triangular_a valve_n will_v be_v whole_o useless_a since_o they_o will_v then_o urgente_a necessitate_v be_v open_a when_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v shut_v wherefore_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o ventricles_n shall_v be_v constringe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o natural_a order_n to_o be_v invert_v i._n e._n that_o first_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v and_o then_o the_o ear_n compress_v this_o will_v be_v much_o more_o absurd_a for_o half_a of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o ventricle_n will_v flow_v back_o into_o the_o ear_n on_o both_o side_n open_a and_o thence_o into_o the_o vein_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ear_n ought_v to_o precede_v and_o then_o immediate_o ought_v the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ventricle_n to_o succeed_v and_o then_o all_o the_o operation_n proceed_v regular_o and_o compendious_o for_o the_o ear_n be_v compress_v first_o the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o vein_n be_v hinder_v next_o the_o blood_n be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o ear_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n three_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v shut_v by_o the_o constringed_a ear_n four_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v fill_v with_o blood_n and_o distend_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o triangular_a valve_n be_v expanded_a these_o action_n be_v in_o this_o order_n of_o succession_n do_v then_o in_o the_o five_o place_n follow_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o heart_n by_o which_o all_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o ventricles_n which_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o double_a clausure_n slow_a back_n be_v force_v to_o run_v forth_o by_o the_o open_a door_n of_o the_o artery_n three_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o the_o blood_n ought_v to_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la which_o be_v very_o ample_a into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o swift_a current_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o of_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o lung_n for_o this_o reason_n a_o little_a ear_n be_v sufficient_a to_o transmit_v the_o blood_n so_o swift_o run_v into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o mitral_a valve_n also_o exact_o to_o shut_v the_o aperture_n of_o the_o heart_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o right_a ear_n the_o slowness_n of_o the_o blood_n influx_n ought_v to_o be_v compensated_a by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o canale_n and_o moreover_o because_o the_o right_a ear_n ought_v not_o only_o to_o close_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o also_o to_o impel_v rapid_o the_o slow_a pace_a blood_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n therefore_o nature_n have_v make_v the_o muscle_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n strong_a and_o large_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a four_o we_o may_v far_o gratify_v our_o curiosity_n by_o consider_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o triangular_a valve_n exact_o shut_v the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o because_o these_o membranose_a valve_n have_v their_o base_n fasten_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o circular_a tendon_n of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o flag_n be_v fasten_v to_o their_o staff_n and_o their_o other_o side_n be_v by_o many_o tendinose_a filament_n or_o string_n fasten_v to_o the_o fleshy_a teat_n in_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricle_n as_o web_n of_o linen_n expose_v to_o the_o sun_n be_v keep_v upon_o the_o stretch_n by_o many_o small_a cord_n tie_v on_o each_o side_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o by_o the_o stream_n of_o blood_n rush_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v dilate_v and_o so_o these_o membranose_a valve_n which_o before_o be_v lax_n and_o flag_v be_v draw_v and_o expanded_a transvers_o so_o as_o to_o spread_v themselves_o through_o the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o orifice_n necessary_a it_o be_v therefore_o that_o the_o point_n and_o side_n of_o these_o triangular_a valve_n thus_o draw_v by_o the_o little_a cord_n decussated_a shall_v be_v conjoin_v and_o be_v conjoin_v make_v one_o conical_a superfice_n great_a than_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o orifice_n or_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o same_o cone_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n when_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v unite_v and_o therefore_o those_o little_a cord_n of_o the_o valve_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n relax_v and_o unite_v also_o and_o so_o the_o face_n of_o the_o triangular_a valve_n themselves_o must_v be_v unite_v and_o acquire_v a_o sinuose_fw-la or_o embow_v figure_n their_o superfice_n not_o diminish_v because_o their_o membrane_n be_v not_o contract_v whence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o blood_n fill_v the_o ventricle_n do_v by_o repel_v the_o membrane_n and_o inflate_v they_o bow_v they_o as_o the_o sail_n of_o ship_n swell_v by_o the_o wind_n be_v bow_v into_o a_o hollowness_n again_o since_o those_o membrane_n thus_o embow_v be_v transfer_v towards_o the_o tendinose_a orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o round_a area_n of_o
march_n 28._o 1683._o ordered_n that_o the_o three_o anatomic_a lecture_n read_v on_o the_o 19_o 20_o and_o 21_o day_n of_o this_o present_a month_n in_o the_o theatre_n of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a college_n of_o physician_n in_o london_n by_o dr._n walter_n charleton_n fellow_n of_o the_o same_o college_n be_v forthwith_o print_v and_o publish_v tho._n cox_n president_n three_o anatomic_a lecture_n concern_v 1._o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n 2._o the_o organic_a structure_n of_o the_o heart_n 3._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o heart_n pulsation_n read_v on_o the_o 19_o 20_o and_o 21_o day_n of_o march_n 1682_o 3_o in_o the_o anatomic_a theatre_n of_o his_o majesty_n royal_a college_n of_o physician_n in_o london_n by_o walter_n charleton_n m._n d._n and_o fellow_n of_o the_o same_o college_n publish_a by_o command_n of_o the_o most_o learned_a precedent_n london_n print_v for_o walter_n kettilby_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o bishops-head_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1683._o praeloquium_fw-la cum_o non_fw-la ita_fw-la pridem_fw-la clarissime_fw-la ornatissiméque_fw-la praeses_fw-la mandatum_fw-la tuum_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la saxum_fw-la hoc_fw-la anatomicum_fw-la hîc_fw-la denuò_fw-la volvendum_fw-la i_o accingerem_fw-la ad_fw-la obsequium_fw-la paratus_fw-la accepissem_fw-la mox_fw-la apud_fw-la i_o ultrò_fw-la citróque_fw-la agitare_fw-la coepi_fw-la quodnam_fw-la argumenti_fw-la genus_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la mihi_fw-la seligerem_fw-la quo_fw-la &_o excellentiae_fw-la tuus_fw-la expectationi_fw-la aliquatenus_fw-la satisfacere_fw-la possem_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o caeterorum_fw-la è_fw-la doctissimis_fw-la meis_fw-la collegis_fw-la quorum_fw-la hîc_fw-la florem_fw-la video_fw-la tota_fw-la urbe_fw-la delibatum_fw-la auscultationi_fw-la prolixiùs_fw-la gratificari_fw-la plurima_fw-la quidem_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la anxiae_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o diversa_fw-la distractae_fw-la seize_v offerebant_fw-la menti_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la gratiam_fw-la vulgi_fw-la conciliandam_fw-la fortassis_fw-la incommoda_fw-la sed_fw-la principum_fw-la virorum_fw-la quos_fw-la in_o celeberrimo_fw-la hocce_fw-la theatro_fw-la placidè_fw-la considentes_fw-la venerabundus_fw-la aspicio_fw-la erudita_fw-la curiositate_fw-la prorsus_fw-la indigna_fw-es judicabam_fw-la omne_fw-la tandem_fw-la verò_fw-la animo_fw-la se_fw-la meo_fw-la ingessit_fw-la summum_fw-la illud_fw-la necdum_fw-la etiam_fw-la medicorum_fw-la vulgo_fw-la satis_fw-la intellectum_fw-la naturae_fw-la mysterium_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la nempe_fw-la motus_fw-la circularis_fw-la quo_fw-la de_fw-la quidem_fw-la plerique_fw-la omnes_fw-la passim_fw-la gestiunt_fw-la garrire_n paucos_fw-la tamen_fw-la reperias_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la causis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la de_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la atque_fw-la circumstantiis_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la caput_fw-la est_fw-la rei_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la mechanica_fw-la cogitarunt_fw-la unquam_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la seriò_fw-la dolendum_fw-la adhuc_fw-la pauciores_fw-la existunt_fw-la qui_fw-la malè_fw-la se_fw-la habentibus_fw-la consilium_fw-la daturi_fw-la respicere_fw-la soliti_fw-la sint_fw-la ad_fw-la fidissimam_fw-la illam_fw-la morbis_fw-la sive_fw-la acutis_fw-la sive_fw-la chronicis_fw-la medentium_fw-la cynosuram_fw-la his_o ego_fw-la igitur_fw-la adeò_fw-la pudendam_fw-la adeò_fw-la etiam_fw-la valetudine_fw-la adversa_fw-la languentibus_fw-la periculosam_fw-la nunc_fw-la demum_fw-la ut_fw-la excutiam_fw-la incuriam_fw-la utque_fw-la aliquod_fw-la remedium_fw-la illorum_fw-la inscitiae_fw-la adhibeam_n mecum_fw-la statui_fw-la arreptâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la nuper_fw-la demandatae_fw-la mihi_fw-la provinciae_fw-la occasione_n de_fw-fr veris_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la mechanicis_fw-la causis_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o orbem_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la sanguis_fw-la movetur_fw-la pro_fw-la ingenioli_fw-it mei_fw-la tenuitate_fw-la inquirere_fw-la affulsit_fw-la quip_n animo_fw-la spei_fw-la scintillula_fw-la quaedam_fw-la ex_fw-la iis_fw-la quae_fw-la ist_fw-mi â_fw-la de_fw-la quaestione_fw-la apud_fw-la vos_fw-la dicenda_fw-la habeo_fw-la lucis_fw-la nonnihil_fw-la afferri_fw-la posse_fw-la ad_fw-la eam_fw-la penitùs_fw-la explicandam_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la ne_fw-la spem_fw-la alnisse_fw-la videar_fw-la inanem_fw-la permissu_fw-la vestro_fw-la primùm_fw-la agam_fw-la de_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la per_fw-la venas_fw-la ad_fw-la cor_fw-la recurrentis_fw-la motu_fw-la rapidissimo_fw-la itemque_fw-la de_fw-la causis_fw-la istius_fw-la tantae_fw-la velocitatis_fw-la deinde_fw-la cordis_n ipsius_fw-la conformationem_fw-la organicam_fw-la perscrutabor_fw-la &_o postremò_fw-la conabor_fw-la causas_fw-la cordis_fw-la pulsationem_fw-la efficientes_fw-la quae_fw-la hactenus_fw-la omnium_fw-la elusisse_fw-la videntur_fw-la anatomicorum_fw-la solertiam_fw-la explorare_fw-la haec_fw-la autem_fw-la dum_fw-la viritìm_fw-la enucleare_fw-la molior_fw-la clarioris_fw-la doctrinae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la demonstrationes_fw-la aliquot_fw-la mechanicas_fw-la ad_fw-la institutum_fw-la meum_fw-la apprimè_fw-la facientes_fw-la ex_fw-la alphonsi_fw-la borelli_n omnium_fw-la quotquot_fw-la hoc_fw-la saeculo_fw-la nostro_fw-la floruêre_fw-la mathematicorum_fw-la facilè_fw-la solertissimi_fw-la scriptis_fw-la mutuabor_fw-la omittendo_fw-la interea_fw-la caeterorum_fw-la ferè_fw-la omnium_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la harveum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la de_fw-la circuitione_n sanguinis_fw-la conscripserunt_fw-la opiniones_fw-la idque_fw-la ne_fw-la aut_fw-la tempus_fw-la frustrà _fw-la conterere_fw-la aut_fw-la memoriae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la fidelitati_fw-la diffidere_fw-la censear_fw-la habetis_fw-la itaque_fw-la auditores_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la praesentis_fw-la mei_fw-la summam_fw-la consilii_fw-la eorumque_fw-la quae_fw-la dicere_fw-la aggredior_fw-la seriem_fw-la quam_fw-la dum_fw-la ingenii_fw-la toto_fw-la impetu_fw-la persequi_fw-la contendam_fw-la nolo_fw-la existimetis_fw-la i_o mihi_fw-la veritatis_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la arrogare_fw-la semper_fw-la equidem_fw-la verum_fw-la quaero_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la senecae_fw-la illustri_fw-la exemplo_fw-la animatus_fw-la quaero_fw-la sine_fw-la inveniendi_fw-la spe_fw-la tantum_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la credam_fw-la esse_fw-la i_o aliis_fw-la docendis_fw-la parem_fw-la neque_fw-la etiam_fw-la adeò_fw-la sum_fw-la mihi_fw-la suffenus_n ut_fw-la cujusquam_fw-la expectem_fw-la conatibus_fw-la meis_fw-la applausum_fw-la novi_fw-la enim_fw-la quam_fw-la difficile_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o diligentiae_fw-la laudem_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o gratiam_fw-la celeritatis_fw-la mereri_fw-la caeterùm_fw-la unum_fw-la illud_fw-la i_o solatur_fw-la quòd_fw-la fermè_fw-la rebus_fw-la suâ_fw-la naturâ_fw-la difficillimis_fw-la venia_fw-la sit_fw-la prolixior_fw-la apud_fw-la prudentes_fw-la viros_fw-la quibus_fw-la non_fw-la ignotum_fw-la quam_fw-la sit_fw-la arduum_fw-la novis_fw-la autoritatem_fw-la obscuris_fw-la lucem_fw-la dubiis_fw-la fidem_fw-la afferre_fw-la praelectio_fw-la i._o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o admirable_a effect_n thereof_o so_o plausible_a and_o favourable_a have_v the_o hypothesis_n of_o various_a ferment_n congenial_a to_o and_o perpetual_o resident_a in_o the_o various_a part_n principal_o in_o the_o viscera_n of_o sanguineous_a and_o more_o perfect_a animal_n seem_v to_o many_o of_o the_o virtuoso_n of_o this_o our_o inquisitive_a age_n that_o they_o have_v not_o doubt_v to_o ascribe_v to_o they_o a_o powerful_a energy_n and_o necessary_a influence_n in_o all_o the_o divers_a motion_n all_o the_o mutation_n all_o the_o concoction_n all_o the_o secretion_n and_o other_o operation_n institute_v by_o nature_n in_o such_o animal_n either_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o they_o in_o their_o single_a being_n or_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o respective_a species_n nor_o be_v it_o easy_a for_o we_o to_o name_v any_o particular_a function_n any_o action_n though_o real_o and_o manifest_o organical_a which_o the_o sectator_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n will_v not_o present_o attribute_v to_o some_o peculiar_a ferment_n lurk_v and_o operate_n in_o the_o part_n by_o which_o that_o action_n be_v do_v and_o confer_v forsooth_o somewhat_o of_o efficacy_n towards_o the_o do_n of_o it_o as_o if_o the_o organical_a constitution_n of_o that_o part_n be_v insufficient_a to_o the_o function_n and_o use_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v without_o the_o help_n and_o cooperation_n of_o a_o specific_a ferment_n or_o as_o if_o the_o whole_a animal_n oeconomy_n depend_v upon_o no_o other_o harmony_n but_o that_o of_o numerose_n fermentation_n in_o a_o word_n they_o make_v they_o only_o not_o omnipotent_a as_o heraclitus_n the_o ephesian_a dream_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o daemon_n heracliti_fw-la that_o preside_v over_o human_a action_n so_o these_o gentleman_n imagine_v all_o the_o part_n of_o animal_n to_o be_v full_a of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o spiritual_a ferment_n that_o by_o occult_a influence_n regulate_v and_o diversify_v their_o function_n and_o this_o comment_n many_o have_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v by_o their_o write_n with_o as_o much_o confidence_n as_o if_o the_o verity_n of_o it_o be_v evident_a either_o from_o cogent_a reason_n or_o by_o autopsy_n when_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v no_o more_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o solid_a argument_n or_o by_o sensible_a demonstration_n the_o existence_n of_o many_o of_o their_o imaginary_a fermentative_a liquor_n or_o spirit_n in_o the_o dissect_a part_n to_o which_o they_o be_v please_v to_o consign_v they_o than_o heraclitus_n be_v able_a to_o exhibit_v to_o man_n sight_n any_o one_o of_o his_o daemon_n i_o say_v many_o of_o their_o imaginary_a ferment_n i_o do_v not_o say_v any_o because_o the_o acid_n phlegm_n find_v in_o the_o stomach_n of_o various_a animal_n may_v perhaps_o so_o far_o emulate_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o ferment_n as_o to_o deserve_v the_o same_o name_n for_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o incisive_a penetrate_a and_o dissolve_v faculty_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o it_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o dissolution_n and_o liquation_n of_o
act_v continual_o but_o interrupt_o or_o per_fw-la vice_n short_a and_o almost_o isochronic_a or_o equal_a quiet_n interpose_v so_o that_o the_o blood_n express_v by_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o flow_v thence_o in_o a_o continue_a course_n as_o river_n and_o fountain_n do_v that_o be_v without_o intermission_n carry_v on_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o water_n but_o gush_v forth_o and_o stop_v alternate_o though_o this_o vicissitude_n be_v exact_o regular_a and_o proceed_v in_o a_o constant_a order_n now_o these_o thing_n consider_v it_o may_v seem_v consentaneous_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n can_v be_v continuus_fw-la since_o two_o pause_n or_o quiet_n be_v interpose_v betwixt_o every_o two_o pulsation_n or_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n during_o each_o of_o which_o the_o motion_n cease_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a aught_o to_o be_v esteem_v and_o call_v a_o interrupt_a and_o mix_v motion_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o verisimilitude_n of_o this_o conclusion_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o lay_v down_o and_o expose_v to_o your_o examination_n this_o first_o proposition_n that_o the_o blood_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o round_a through_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n in_o a_o true_o continue_v and_o never_o interrupt_v motion_n this_o perhaps_o may_v sound_v like_o a_o paradox_n but_o that_o shall_v not_o a-whit_n discourage_v i_o from_o assert_v it_o while_o i_o remember_v that_o remarkable_a sentence_n of_o minutius_n felix_n in_o octavio_n inest_fw-la &_o in_fw-la incredibili_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o in_o verisimili_fw-la mendacium_fw-la though_o it_o be_v true_a and_o evident_a that_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o its_o pause_n express_v any_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o artery_n in_o the_o viscera_n in_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o body_n and_o in_o the_o vein_n do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n stagnate_n and_o stop_v its_o course_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v always_o carry_v on_o in_o its_o journey_n though_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n first_o the_o verity_n of_o this_o appear_v in_o the_o artery_n for_o the_o afflux_n of_o blood_n from_o the_o heart_n be_v whole_o intercept_v either_o by_o a_o ligature_n apply_v to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o its_o original_n or_o by_o cut_v out_o the_o heart_n itself_o as_o be_v common_o do_v in_o frog_n and_o viper_n we_o see_v that_o nevertheless_o the_o blood_n wherewith_o the_o artery_n be_v fill_v be_v by_o degree_n squeeze_v out_o so_o that_o they_o be_v soon_o after_o leave_v altogether_o empty_a and_o doubtless_o this_o exinanition_n of_o the_o artery_n happen_v because_o they_o by_o their_o own_o spontaneous_a motion_n constringe_v themselves_o and_o contract_v their_o circular_a fibre_n express_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o part_n and_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n compress_v also_o by_o the_o contraction_n and_o tension_n or_o the_o peristaltic_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o body_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o vulgar_a phaenomenon_n viz._n the_o emptiness_n of_o the_o artery_n in_o dead_a body_n the_o ancient_n perhaps_o take_v occasion_n to_o believe_v and_o teach_v that_o not_o blood_n but_o only_o vital_a spirit_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o artery_n second_o this_o appear_v also_o in_o the_o vein_n for_o that_o the_o blood_n do_v continual_o flow_v on_o in_o they_o likewise_o not_o only_a when_o it_o be_v urge_v forward_o by_o the_o arterial_a blood_n pursue_v it_o but_o even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o heart_n pause_n be_v evince_v from_o this_o that_o then_o the_o blood_n run_v on_o through_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la to_o replenish_v the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o why_o do_v i_o misspend_v time_n in_o allege_v reason_n to_o prove_v a_o truth_n that_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n in_o phlebotomy_n no_o soon_o be_v a_o vein_n open_v than_o the_o blood_n flow_v forth_o with_o a_o swift_a stream_n and_o while_o the_o wound_n be_v open_a continues_z to_o flow_v without_o pause_n or_o interruption_n which_o be_v a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o thing_n propose_v viz._n of_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n be_v thus_o assure_v of_o the_o effect_n let_v we_o proceed_v to_o investigate_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o equal_o evident_a nor_o can_v we_o hope_v certain_o to_o solve_v this_o problem_n without_o inquire_v the_o mechanical_a reason_n of_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o the_o vein_n this_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o attempt_v to_o do_v that_o nature_n have_v institute_v no_o immediate_a communication_n betwixt_o the_o capillary_a artery_n and_o the_o capillary_a vein_n per_fw-la anastomôsin_fw-la be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n and_o now_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o learned_a anatomist_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v stand_v with_o reason_n to_o imagine_v that_o the_o blood_n in_o its_o circular_a course_n be_v emit_v immediate_o out_o of_o the_o artery_n into_o the_o vein_n these_o vessel_n be_v separate_a and_o though_o we_o opine_n that_o there_o be_v some_o secret_a communication_n betwixt_o the_o extreme_a orifice_n of_o the_o artery_n and_o those_o of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n by_o the_o intermediate_v spongy_a substance_n of_o the_o flesh_n viscera_n and_o glandule_n or_o by_o the_o cribrose_n substance_n of_o the_o bone_n as_o by_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o pumice_n stone_n yet_o we_o be_v still_o to_o seek_v by_o what_o motive_n force_v the_o blood_n may_v be_v carry_v on_o from_o those_o intermediate_v porosity_n and_o insinuate_v into_o the_o vein_n first_o because_o it_o be_v consentaneous_a that_o the_o impulsive_a force_n whereby_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n squirt_n the_o blood_n into_o the_o artery_n be_v by_o degree_n weaken_v and_o at_o length_n languid_a in_o those_o straits_n of_o the_o extreme_a vessel_n and_o of_o the_o intermediate_v porosity_n second_o because_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n can_v continue_v always_o open_a and_o dilate_v their_o consistence_n be_v not_o hard_a and_o bony_a but_o membranose_n soft_a and_o slippery_a so_o that_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v close_v by_o connive_v and_o consequent_o to_o hinder_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o blood_n new_o arrive_v three_o because_o here_o we_o can_v have_v no_o recourse_n to_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o viscera_n and_o the_o muscle_n whereby_o the_o blood_n shall_v be_v squeeze_v into_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o capillary_a vein_n not_o only_a when_o the_o muscle_n be_v invigorate_v and_o upon_o the_o stretch_n but_o also_o when_o they_o be_v quiet_a and_o relax_v and_o do_v not_o exercise_v their_o compressive_a power_n as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o sleep_n when_o the_o circulation_n proceed_v without_o intermission_n this_o be_v confirm_v from_o hence_o that_o in_o the_o brain_n in_o the_o medullary_a substance_n of_o the_o bone_n where_o no_o compression_n can_v be_v admit_v the_o capillary_a vein_n receive_v the_o blood_n as_o free_o as_o in_o the_o soft_a flesh_n itself_o see_v then_o that_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v deny_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o blood_n effuse_v out_o of_o the_o artery_n be_v after_o absorb_v and_o carry_v off_o by_o the_o vein_n to_o be_v bring_v back_o again_o into_o the_o heart_n and_o see_v also_o that_o this_o be_v not_o effect_v by_o way_n of_o attraction_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o attraction_n in_o nature_n as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o elsewhere_o prove_v we_o be_v compel_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o capillary_a vein_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o by_o the_o same_o mechanic_n action_n by_o which_o syphon_n sponge_n filtre_n chord_n and_o all_o porose_a body_n be_v penetrate_v by_o water_n with_o which_o they_o be_v moisten_v which_o power_n be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o fluid_n itself_o which_o be_v augment_v by_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o its_o proper_a motion_n and_o by_o the_o impulse_n communicate_v to_o it_o from_o external_a force_n so_o the_o motive_n force_n of_o gravity_n which_o the_o blood_n can_v want_v no_o more_o than_o water_n can_v when_o it_o find_v the_o small_a channel_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n open_a for_o they_o can_v never_o be_v so_o close_o constringe_v by_o the_o flag_a and_o connivency_n of_o their_o thin_a membrane_n as_o to_o leave_v no_o entrance_n for_o a_o fluid_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o rope_n how_o hard_o soever_o twist_v must_v of_o necessity_n overcome_v the_o weak_a resistance_n of_o the_o straits_n in_o all_o filtre_n and_o porose_a body_n and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n may_v be_v insinuate_v into_o the_o capillary_a vein_n by_o a_o mechanic_n action_n like_o that_o of_o filtration_n if_o this_o proposition_n
be_v true_a the_o great_a difficulty_n occur_v in_o the_o whole_a mystery_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v now_o at_o length_n solve_v the_o blood_n have_v in_o this_o manner_n pass_v the_o aforesaid_a straits_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o canales_n of_o the_o small_a vein_n by_o the_o same_o motive_n force_n whereby_o it_o be_v insinuate_v for_o such_o a_o ingress_n be_v not_o possible_a without_o motion_n may_v be_v advance_v a_o little_a far_o in_o its_o way_n by_o its_o proper_a force_n and_o by_o external_a force_n and_o also_o by_o the_o impulse_n of_o the_o new_a blood_n follow_v behind_o as_o we_o see_v water_n suck_v up_o by_o a_o filtre_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o list_n afterwards_o because_o many_o small_a vein_n meet_v together_o make_v one_o wide_a ductus_fw-la or_o pipe_n and_o because_o in_o this_o large_a pipe_n the_o former_a impulsive_a force_n of_o necessity_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o languid_a and_o faint_a by_o degree_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v retard_v therefore_o it_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o some_o auxiliary_a force_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o journey_n these_o be_v first_o the_o force_n by_o which_o the_o circular_a fibre_n of_o the_o vein_n that_o natural_o have_v a_o peristaltic_a virtue_n contract_v themselves_o always_o after_o they_o have_v be_v stretch_v as_o all_o nervose_n and_o other_o tensile_n body_n be_v observe_v to_o do_v second_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o vein_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o circumambient_a air_n or_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o elastic_a virtue_n of_o the_o air_n inspire_v three_o the_o tonic_n motion_n of_o the_o muscle_n when_o they_o act_v together_o with_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o the_o viscera_n and_o of_o humour_n discurrent_fw-la through_o the_o body_n all_o which_o more_o or_o less_o compress_v the_o vein_n now_o that_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o compression_n promote_v the_o continual_a decurse_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n may_v be_v the_o more_o full_o and_o clear_o understand_v i_o will_v take_v liberty_n to_o lay_v down_o this_o second_o proposition_n that_o by_o the_o artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n the_o compression_n of_o the_o vein_n protrude_v the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o motion_n double_o swift_a not_o indeed_o in_o a_o continual_a flux_n but_o with_o little_a pause_n interpose_v and_o with_o unequal_a velocity_n we_o here_o behold_v in_o the_o crural_a vein_n slit_v open_a from_o end_n to_o end_n i._n certain_a valve_n place_v at_o unequal_a distance_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o for_o demonstration_n sake_n be_v accurate_o represent_v in_o this_o figure_n expose_v to_o sight_n ii_o these_o valve_n you_o see_v be_v nothing_o but_o half_a pocket_n of_o a_o membranose_a substance_n or_o little_a bladder_n affix_v to_o the_o side_n or_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o resemble_v by_o aonmp_n and_o bonqr_n they_o be_v find_v sometime_o single_a sometime_o in_o pair_n place_v one_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o and_o lateral_o touch_v each_o other_o as_o at_z no_z the_o convex_a top_n of_o which_o pair_n respect_v the_o capillary_a beginning_n of_o the_o vein_n beyond_o hl_n but_o the_o orifice_n of_o their_o cavity_n po_n ro_n open_a towards_o the_o heart_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o part_n ik_fw-mi now_o i_o be_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o from_o this_o structure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n be_v protrude_v towards_o the_o heart_n imagine_v then_o that_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o the_o vein_n hmql_n be_v replete_a with_o blood_n and_o because_o by_o the_o circular_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o vein_n itself_o and_o by_o the_o ambient_fw-la muscle_n and_o perhaps_o also_o by_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n one_o part_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v constringe_v after_o another_o all_o along_o it_o must_v be_v that_o the_o lateral_a wall_n st_n come_v near_o to_o each_o other_o towards_o five_o and_o then_o the_o vein_n so_o gird_v will_v lose_v its_o cylindrical_a form_n and_o be_v turn_v into_o two_o little_a funnel_n hul_n muq_n which_o be_v less_o capacious_a than_o the_o former_a cylinder_n and_o therefore_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o space_n vh_n and_o vlt_n will_v be_v expel_v out_o of_o the_o orifice_n hl_n but_o the_o remain_a quantity_n of_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o space_n vsm_n and_o vqt_n will_v be_v squeeze_v without_o the_o orifice_n mq_n towards_o ik_fw-mi it_o appear_v then_o that_o from_o the_o abovementioned_a compression_n of_o the_o side_n or_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n the_o blood_n be_v express_v in_o equal_a quantity_n to_o the_o opposite_a part_n and_o this_o will_v certain_o happen_v if_o the_o valve_n be_v remove_v but_o because_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o vein_n within_o mp_n qr_n be_v fasten_v two_o valve_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n impulse_v by_o a_o compression_n make_v in_o st_n be_v force_v through_o the_o narrow_a chink_n no_o because_o the_o yield_a fluid_n contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o urge_v by_o the_o advenient_a blood_n be_v constringe_v and_o thrust_v out_o of_o they_o and_o then_o instant_o the_o side_n of_o the_o valve_n that_o before_o touch_v each_o other_o no_z recede_v one_o from_o another_o leave_v a_o open_a way_n by_o which_o the_o flux_n of_o blood_n come_v on_o from_o mstq_n may_v be_v insinuate_v and_o pass_v forward_o beyond_o ab_fw-la again_o after_o the_o blood_n have_v pass_v the_o confine_n of_o the_o valve_n po_n ro_n there_o necessary_o follow_v a_o restriction_n of_o the_o little_a chink_n no_o for_o the_o blood_n itself_o must_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o heavy_a bulk_n and_o fluidity_n fill_v the_o little_a bag_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o so_o their_o soft_a and_o pliable_a side_n be_v dilate_v till_o they_o mutual_o touch_v ought_v close_o to_o shut_v the_o rimula_fw-la no_z 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quantity_n of_o blood_n be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o which_o the_o compression_n be_v make_v expel_v through_o that_o same_o aperture_n dc_o but_o when_o a_o double_a quantity_n of_o a_o fluid_a be_v in_o the_o same_o time_n emit_v at_o the_o same_o orifice_n it_o must_v run_v out_o with_o a_o double_a velocity_n thus_o be_v our_o proposition_n verify_v and_o as_o to_o single_a valve_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o use_n of_o double_a it_o may_v easy_o and_o genuine_o be_v infer_v that_o they_o also_o help_v to_o promote_v the_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n though_o but_o half_a so_o much_o as_o the_o double_a wherefore_o nature_n wisdom_n be_v admirable_a in_o place_v single_a valve_n both_o at_o less_o distance_n one_o above_o another_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n where_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v a_o little_o narrow_a or_o where_o a_o less_o vein_n lateral_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o a_o great_a in_o both_o which_o case_n the_o necessity_n of_o this_o demonstrate_v acceleration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la no_o valves_n be_v find_v as_o well_o because_o of_o its_o ample_a cavity_n as_o because_o of_o its_o contiguity_n to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o great_a artery_n by_o who_o pulsation_n it_o can_v but_o be_v somewhat_o compress_v and_o consequent_o the_o blood_n flow_v through_o it_o proportionate_o promote_v in_o the_o jugular_a vein_n also_o none_o have_v yet_o be_v observe_v probable_o because_o in_o they_o the_o blood_n descend_v swift_o enough_o from_o its_o own_o weight_n and_o fluidity_n in_o small_a vein_n they_o be_v not_o place_v unless_o in_o the_o coronary_a vein_n of_o the_o heart_n just_a at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o these_o
too_o the_o use_n be_v not_o to_o promote_v the_o course_n of_o blood_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o need_n in_o so_o small_a a_o circuit_n but_o only_o to_o prevent_v the_o reflux_n of_o it_o out_o of_o that_o ventricle_n in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o appear_v from_o their_o situation_n and_o from_o their_o conformation_n nor_o be_v any_o find_v in_o the_o artery_n in_o which_o the_o blood_n with_o mighty_a force_n impul_v by_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o the_o artery_n need_v no_o additional_a machine_n to_o accelerate_v its_o motion_n except_o those_o that_o be_v place_v in_o the_o inlet_n and_o outlet_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n to_o obviate_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o arteria_fw-la venosa_fw-la and_o out_o of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n and_o the_o two_o very_a little_a valve_n site_v in_o the_o two_o coronary_a artery_n at_o their_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o aorta_fw-la to_o prohibit_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o aorta_fw-la ¶_o ⸪_o if_o this_o artifice_n of_o the_o valve_n affix_v within_o the_o vein_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o promote_v the_o reflux_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n certain_o he_o that_o first_o discover_v they_o deserve_v to_o be_v remember_v with_o honour_n but_o who_o be_v that_o fortunate_a man_n ostiolis_fw-la fabricius_n ab_fw-la aquapendente_fw-la put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o invention_n as_o whole_o due_a to_o himself_o in_o these_o very_a word_n de_fw-fr his_fw-la itaque_fw-la ostiolis_fw-la nempe_fw-la venarum_fw-la locuturus_fw-la subit_fw-la primùm_fw-la mirari_fw-la quomodo_fw-la ostiola_fw-la haec_fw-la ad_fw-la hanc_fw-la usque_fw-la aetatem_fw-la tam_fw-la priscos_fw-la quam_fw-la recentiores_fw-la anatomicos_fw-la adeo_fw-la latuerint_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la solùm_fw-la nulla_fw-la mentio_fw-la de_fw-la ipsis_fw-la facta_fw-la sit_fw-la sed_fw-la neque_fw-la aliquis_fw-la prius_fw-la haec_fw-la viderit_fw-la quam_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la septuagesimo_fw-la quarto_fw-la supra_fw-la millesimum_fw-la &_o quingentesimum_fw-la quo_fw-la à _fw-la i_o summa_fw-la cum_fw-la laetitia_fw-la inter_fw-la dissecandum_fw-la observata_fw-la fuere_fw-la but_o padre_n fulgentio_n profess_o ascribe_v the_o invention_n to_o that_o prodigy_n of_o wisdom_n learning_n and_o virtue_n padre_n paolo_n the_o venetian_a at_o the_o same_o time_n open_o accuse_v aquapendens_fw-la of_o disingenuous_a arrogance_n and_o theft_n for_o challenge_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v first_o discover_v the_o valve_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_n and_o for_o steal_v the_o glory_n due_a only_o to_o father_n paul_n pauli_n the_o sense_n of_o his_o impeachment_n be_v this_o the_o whole_a tractate_n concern_v the_o eye_n which_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la or_o at_o least_o so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o contain_v new_a and_o rare_a speculation_n and_o experiment_n be_v the_o work_n of_o padre_n paolo_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v speech_n with_o some_o that_o be_v eye-witness_n and_o know_v that_o a_o due_a part_n of_o the_o praise_n be_v not_o attribute_v to_o he_o that_o deserve_v it_o all_o but_o much_o more_o in_o another_o matter_n of_o more_o moment_n which_o be_v the_o find_v out_o of_o those_o valvulae_fw-la those_o inward_a shut_v or_o fold_n that_o be_v within_o the_o vein_n of_o which_o argument_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a have_v make_v mention_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n unthought_a of_o till_o these_o time_n when_o aquapendens_fw-la move_v the_o question_n in_o a_o public_a anatomy_n but_o there_o be_v still_o live_v many_o eminent_a and_o learned_a physician_n among_o who_o be_v santorio_n and_o pietro_n asselineo_n a_o frenchman_n who_o certain_o know_v that_o it_o be_v no_o speculation_n nor_o invention_n of_o aquapendens_fw-la but_o of_o padre_n paolo_n who_o consider_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o blood_n grow_v into_o a_o opinion_n that_o it_o can_v not_o stay_v in_o the_o vein_n except_o there_o be_v some_o bunch_n to_o hold_v it_o in_o some_o fold_n or_o shutting_n at_o the_o open_n and_o close_v of_o which_o there_o be_v give_v a_o passage_n and_o necessary_a aequilibrium_fw-la to_o life_n and_o upon_o his_o own_o natural_a judgement_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o cut_v with_o more_o accurate_a observation_n and_o so_o find_v out_o those_o valve_n etc._n etc._n have_v thus_o faithful_o recite_v the_o plea_n of_o these_o two_o great_a man_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o laurel_n on_o the_o head_n of_o which_o of_o the_o competitor_n you_o please_v for_o my_o part_n if_o my_o judgement_n be_v considerable_a i_o shall_v declare_v myself_o on_o padre_n paolo_n side_n as_o to_o the_o invention_n and_o allow_v to_o aquapendens_fw-la the_o honour_n of_o be_v the_o first_o that_o by_o write_v make_v the_o thing_n know_v to_o the_o world_n understand_v i_o i_o beseech_v you_o only_o of_o the_o valve_n themselves_o not_o of_o the_o true_a use_n of_o they_o which_o neither_o aquapendens_fw-la nor_o the_o father_n have_v the_o happiness_n to_o discover_v not_o aquapendens_fw-la because_o of_o the_o two_o use_n by_o he_o assign_v to_o these_o valve_n which_o he_o most_o improper_o name_v ostiola_fw-la namely_o the_o corroboration_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o may_v otherwise_o be_v by_o the_o blood_n every_o where_o distend_v and_o break_v into_o varices_fw-la and_o the_o retardation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n that_o so_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n may_v have_v time_n to_o take_v in_o their_o due_a share_n of_o blood_n for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o not_o have_v their_o meat_n forsooth_o snatch_v away_o before_o they_o have_v fill_v their_o belly_n of_o these_o two_o mighty_a use_n i_o say_v neither_o be_v true_a and_o both_o be_v raise_v upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o the_o course_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o superior_a vein_n into_o the_o small_a and_o inferior_a which_o be_v most_o evident_o false_a even_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sight_n but_o lest_o i_o be_v think_v either_o not_o well_o to_o understand_v or_o to_o misrepresent_v his_o meaning_n i_o be_o oblige_v to_o recite_v his_o own_o word_n ostiolis_fw-la nam_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o varicibus_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la aut_fw-la laxari_fw-la aut_fw-la rumpi_fw-la ostiola_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la plus_fw-la minusve_fw-la dilatatas_fw-la semper_fw-la venas_fw-la conspiciamus_fw-la dicere_fw-la proculdubiò_fw-la tutò_fw-la possumus_fw-la ad_fw-la prohibendam_fw-la quoque_fw-la venarum_fw-la distensionem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la ostiola_fw-la à _fw-la summo_fw-la opifice_fw-la fabrefacta_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o then_o i_o have_v do_v he_o no_o wrong_n he_o proceed_v erat_fw-la profectò_fw-la necessaria_fw-la ostiolorum_fw-la constructio_fw-la in_o artuum_fw-la venis_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la exiguae_fw-la sed_fw-la vel_fw-la magnae_fw-la vel_fw-la moderatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la magnitudinis_fw-la ut_fw-la scilicet_fw-la sanguis_fw-la ubique_fw-la eatenus_fw-la retardetur_fw-la quatenus_fw-la cuique_fw-la particulae_fw-la alimento_fw-la fruendi_fw-la congruum_fw-la tempus_fw-la detur_fw-la quod_fw-la alioqui_fw-la propter_fw-la artuum_fw-la declivem_fw-la situm_fw-la confertim_fw-la ac_fw-la rapidi_fw-la fluminis_fw-la instar_fw-la in_o artuum_fw-la extremitates_fw-la universus_fw-la conflueret_fw-la ac_fw-la colligeretur_fw-la idque_fw-la tum_fw-la harum_fw-la partium_fw-la tumore_fw-la tum_fw-la super_fw-la positarum_fw-la marcore_fw-la here_o also_o i_o have_v faithful_o interpret_v his_o word_n and_o you_o see_v that_o he_o think_v the_o contrivement_n of_o the_o valve_n necessary_a to_o retard_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n because_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o blood_n descend_v through_o the_o great_a vein_n into_o the_o less_o gross_o err_v in_o both_o opinion_n for_o that_o the_o former_a be_v false_a we_o have_v see_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o construction_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n themselves_o and_o that_o the_o latter_a also_o be_v false_a and_o absurd_a be_v know_v to_o all_o who_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o these_o error_n he_o have_v in_o the_o same_o page_n add_v a_o three_o much_o more_o extravagant_a which_o be_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o a_o flux_n and_o reflux_n perpetual_o carry_v forward_a and_o backward_o in_o the_o artery_n for_o attempt_v to_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o nature_n have_v frame_v no_o valve_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o artery_n he_o say_v arteriis_fw-la autem_fw-la ostiola_fw-la non_fw-la fuêre_fw-la necessaria_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la distensionem_fw-la prohibendam_fw-la propter_fw-la tunicae_fw-la crassitiem_fw-la ac_fw-la robur_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la remorandum_fw-la quòd_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la fluxus_fw-la refluxusque_fw-la in_o arteriis_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la fiat_fw-la it_o appear_v then_o that_o this_o famous_a anatomist_n who_o in_o many_o other_o thing_n deserve_v well_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o physician_n have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v first_o invent_v the_o true_a and_o genuine_a use_n of_o the_o valve_n
blood_n which_o be_v alone_o sufficient_a to_o evince_v that_o the_o artery_n do_v not_o remain_v empty_a after_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o contain_v at_o least_o a_o 4_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n which_o in_o a_o man_n be_v about_o 5_o pint_n yet_o far_o the_o artery_n in_o the_o moment_n of_o their_o pulsation_n be_v high_o turgid_a when_o yet_o not_o above_o 3_o ounce_n of_o blood_n be_v emit_v into_o they_o by_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n therefore_o if_o before_o the_o systole_n the_o artery_n be_v whole_o empty_a a_o space_n 20_o time_n great_a than_o their_o bulk_n be_v will_v inevitable_o be_v fill_v by_o the_o 3_o ounce_n of_o blood_n emit_v by_o the_o heart_n but_o this_o certain_o be_v impossible_a without_o such_o a_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o no_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n will_v admit_v therefore_o to_o replenish_v so_o great_a a_o vacuity_n in_o the_o artery_n there_o must_v come_v into_o they_o five_o pint_n of_o blood_n either_o from_o the_o heart_n or_o back_o out_o of_o the_o vein_n but_o neither_o of_o these_o be_v possible_a in_o nature_n let_v we_o add_v that_o 3_o ounce_n of_o blood_n emit_v by_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v fill_v a_o space_n great_a than_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o next_o artery_n to_o the_o heart_n therefore_o if_o the_o artery_n be_v empty_a before_o the_o systole_n true_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o artery_n will_v remain_v empty_a also_o in_o the_o follow_a systole_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o beat_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n through_o they_o will_v be_v interrupt_v or_o discontinue_v contrary_a to_o the_o mechanic_a necessity_n thereof_o in_o fine_a we_o be_v convince_v by_o common_a experience_n when_o a_o artery_n whether_o it_o be_v great_a or_o small_a be_v cut_v the_o blood_n be_v in_o every_o pulsation_n squirt_v out_o with_o mighty_a violence_n now_o it_o be_v 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of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gut_n stomach_n tendon_n membrane_n and_o the_o like_a fibrose_n part_n natural_o resist_v distraction_n and_o have_v a_o power_n of_o contract_v themselves_o after_o extension_n yea_o more_o we_o see_v that_o all_o fibres_fw-fr even_o in_o their_o natural_a posture_n be_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o stretch_n for_o when_o they_o be_v cut_v they_o instant_o shorten_v themselves_o towards_o both_o end_n which_o will_v not_o happen_v if_o they_o have_v be_v constitute_v in_o a_o middle_a state_n betwixt_o laxity_n and_o extension_n as_o a_o bow_n unbend_v be_v quiet_a suffer_v neither_o contraction_n nor_o distraction_n of_o its_o part_n now_o if_o all_o fibre_n even_o in_o their_o natural_a state_n suffer_v some_o degree_n of_o stretch_v certain_o when_o the_o artery_n be_v replenish_v with_o blood_n their_o cavity_n must_v be_v dilate_v and_o in_o the_o dilatation_n of_o their_o cavity_n their_o transverse_n or_o circular_a fibre_n must_v suffer_v much_o 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ordain_v by_o a_o infinite_a wisdom_n have_v institute_v this_o rapid_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n constant_a it_o be_v even_o from_o common_a experience_n that_o whenever_o the_o blood_n be_v quiet_a or_o cease_v from_o motion_n whether_o within_o or_o without_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n the_o red_a and_o grumose_n part_v of_o it_o soon_o curdle_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o serose_n or_o albumen_n and_o so_o the_o constitution_n or_o contexture_n of_o it_o be_v dissolve_v and_o corrupt_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a while_o the_o blood_n continue_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n within_o its_o vessel_n in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o live_a animal_n so_o long_o the_o ordinate_a mixture_n of_o its_o element_n due_a temper_n and_o vital_a constitution_n of_o it_o be_v conserve_v for_o mechanical_a reason_n in_o our_o ensue_a discourse_n to_o be_v explain_v it_o seem_v then_o that_o such_o a_o mixture_n of_o the_o constituent_a part_n of_o the_o blood_n upon_o which_o the_o vitality_n of_o it_o do_v necessary_o depend_v can_v be_v otherwise_o conserve_v than_o by_o a_o continual_a agitation_n and_o concussion_n make_v in_o the_o vessel_n first_o by_o the_o heart_n with_o strong_a force_n impel_v the_o blood_n through_o the_o artery_n then_o that_o impulsive_a force_n languish_v by_o filtration_n in_o the_o space_n intermediate_v betwixt_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n next_o in_o the_o vein_n by_o the_o constriction_n of_o their_o circular_a fibre_n by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o the_o viscera_n and_o the_o inspire_a air_n all_o which_o compression_n will_v not_o suffice_v be_v not_o valve_n place_v commodious_o within_o the_o vein_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v accelerate_a and_o a_o far_a conquassation_n of_o it_o make_v and_o here_o we_o meet_v with_o a_o fair_a occasion_n to_o reflect_v upon_o the_o mutual_a anastomôse_n of_o the_o capillary_a vein_n and_o the_o infrequent_a distribution_n of_o valve_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o vein_n for_o both_o these_o contribute_v also_o their_o proportion_n towards_o the_o end_n now_o under_o our_o disquisition_n for_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v indeed_o lax_n and_o soft_a yet_o such_o as_o may_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o circular_a fibre_n be_v constringe_v and_o contract_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o by_o the_o blood_n regurgitate_v in_o those_o tract_n of_o the_o vein_n that_o have_v no_o valve_n by_o the_o great_a quantity_n and_o force_n of_o its_o regurgitation_n or_o recoil_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v much_o dilate_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o high_a part_n be_v contract_v so_o that_o the_o blood_n be_v by_o this_o reflux_n though_o inobservable_a agitate_a and_o conquassated_a may_v revive_v its_o due_a commistion_n and_o conserve_v its_o vital_a constitution_n it_o appear_v then_o the_o defect_n of_o valve_n also_o have_v its_o use_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o artery_n as_o i_o say_v before_o no_o 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oeconomy_n from_o the_o same_o velocity_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o be_v certain_o so_o great_a that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n run_v its_o circular_a race_n in_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o thereabouts_o even_o in_o a_o sedentary_a and_o sedate_v man_n as_o have_v by_o many_o be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o blood_n common_o contain_v in_o the_o body_n from_o the_o number_n of_o pulse_n make_v in_o a_o hour_n and_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o blood_n express_v by_o every_o pulse_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o we_o have_v already_o see_v what_o advantage_n redound_v to_o the_o blood_n itself_o from_o this_o velocity_n our_o curiosity_n spur_v we_o on_o to_o inquire_v also_o what_o other_o scope_n or_o end_n nature_n may_v probable_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v propose_v to_o herself_o when_o she_o institute_v this_o so_o rapid_a motion_n or_o what_o emolument_n and_o benefit_n from_o thence_o redound_v to_o the_o oeconomy_n 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extreme_a part_n which_o energy_n be_v
cylindrical_a fasciculi_fw-la or_o combination_n have_v not_o their_o end_n fasten_v to_o bony_a or_o tendinose_a prop_n as_o most_o other_o muscle_n have_v but_o rely_v only_o upon_o and_o have_v both_o their_o beginning_n and_o end_n in_o the_o pendulous_a heart_n itself_o be_v retain_v by_o a_o instable_n foundation_n or_o hypomochlium_fw-la yet_o with_o tenacious_a firmness_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o turgency_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v be_v ordain_v by_o nature_n for_o the_o traction_n and_o approximation_n of_o their_o extreme_a term_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o decurtation_n or_o shorten_n of_o the_o fibre_n that_o by_o their_o swell_a they_o may_v restringe_v and_o lessen_v the_o hollow_a perimeter_n and_o so_o like_o a_o press_n squeeze_v out_o the_o blood_n therein_o contain_v just_a as_o boy_n spirit_n the_o stone_n of_o plum_n by_o compress_v they_o strong_o betwixt_o their_o thumb_n and_o 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the_o nature_n of_o all_o muscle_n require_v the_o same_o fibre_n do_v not_o mutual_o touch_v nor_o be_v their_o interstice_n fill_v up_o by_o reason_n of_o violent_a traction_n and_o extension_n but_o of_o their_o inflation_n notwithstanding_o this_o we_o be_v not_o to_o think_v that_o the_o spiral_n disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o they_o serve_v to_o the_o firm_a bind_n or_o hoop_v as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o wall_n thereof_o that_o the_o face_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o heart_n may_v continue_v still_o the_o same_o which_o nature_n have_v provide_v for_o also_o by_o girth_n of_o other_o fibre_n wound_v round_o about_o from_o the_o external_a tendinose_n orifice_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n to_o the_o column_n within_o and_o with_o admirable_a artifice_n decussated_a and_o weave_v together_o and_o thus_o we_o have_v make_v good_a our_o
which_o they_o far_o exceed_v therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v exact_o shut_v those_o orifice_n before_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v complete_a wherefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o ventricles_n shall_v by_o the_o process_n and_o continuation_n of_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n until_o a_o total_a union_n of_o their_o wall_n be_v effect_v be_v all_o express_v thence_o through_o the_o arteriose_fw-la orifice_n which_o be_v then_o open_a to_o give_v it_o free_a egress_n five_o if_o the_o clausure_n of_o the_o ear_n do_v not_o precede_v those_o little_a and_o thin_a valve_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v that_o mighty_a violence_n with_o which_o the_o blood_n compress_v by_o the_o heart_n invade_v they_o and_o otherwise_o will_v certain_o break_v they_o therefore_o to_o secure_v they_o provident_a nature_n have_v put_v a_o fleshy_a fornix_n or_o vault_n viz._n the_o constringed_a ear_n that_o she_o may_v with_o a_o double_a door_n shut_v the_o ample_a orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n hence_o natural_o arise_v this_o remarkable_a corollary_n that_o the_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v long_o in_o time_n than_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o ear_n begin_v while_o the_o heart_n do_v not_o act_n and_o end_n in_o the_o same_o moment_n in_o which_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v complete_v final_o it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o in_o the_o arterial_a orifice_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o heart_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o like_a apparatus_n to_o prevent_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o expulse_v blood_n into_o the_o ventricles_n for_o after_o the_o exit_z of_o the_o blood_n and_o after_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v expulse_v without_o the_o capillary_a artery_n it_o can_v be_v impel_v back_o again_o as_o well_o because_o it_o be_v not_o urge_v by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o antagonist_n muscle_n of_o equal_a strength_n with_o the_o heart_n as_o because_o it_o be_v already_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o extreme_a artery_n wherefore_o valve_n of_o little_a strength_n be_v sufficient_a here_o such_o as_o be_v proportionate_a to_o the_o force_n which_o the_o not-intire_a fullness_n of_o the_o artery_n can_v make_v which_o be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o therefore_o the_o semilunar_a valve_n be_v far_o weak_a than_o those_o triangular_a but_o yet_o strong_a enough_o to_o hinder_v the_o regurgitation_n of_o the_o blood_n expulse_v by_o the_o heart_n thus_o have_v we_o run_v through_o all_o the_o proper_a action_n and_o office_n or_o use_n of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o this_o incomparable_a machine_n of_o the_o heart_n in_o their_o natural_a order_n and_o find_v they_o all_o to_o be_v plain_o mechanic_n i._n e._n necessary_o consequent_a from_o the_o structure_n conformation_n situation_n disposition_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n by_o which_o they_o be_v respective_o perform_v if_o the_o mechanism_n have_v be_v by_o we_o right_o explicate_v as_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n no_o man_n have_v reason_n long_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v a_o thing_n to_o human_a wit_n whole_o impervestigable_a probable_a it_o be_v therefore_o that_o when_o that_o excellent_a anatomist_n and_o our_o worthy_o honour_a colleague_n dr._n lower_v say_v 2._o cum_fw-la nimis_fw-la arduum_fw-la sit_fw-la de_fw-la ratione_fw-la quâ_fw-la cordis_n motus_fw-la perficiatur_fw-la quicquam_fw-la ritè_fw-la concipere_fw-la atque_fw-la dei_fw-la solius_fw-la qui_fw-la secreta_fw-la ejus_fw-la rimatur_fw-la motum_fw-la quoque_fw-la cognoscere_fw-la praerogativa_fw-la sit_fw-la in_fw-la eo_fw-la ulteriùs_fw-la perscrutando_fw-la operam_fw-la non_fw-la perdam_fw-la he_o be_v out_o of_o modesty_n willing_a to_o limit_v his_o own_o curiosity_n in_o that_o particular_a but_o not_o to_o set_v bound_n to_o the_o future_a disquisition_n of_o other_o man_n ¶_o ⸫_o praelectio_fw-la iii_o of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n delight_v with_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o structure_n of_o this_o masterpiece_n of_o nature_n the_o heart_n i_o have_v sometime_o revolve_v the_o book_n of_o the_o most_o celebrate_a author_n who_o have_v profess_o write_v of_o architecture_n and_o of_o hydraulic_a engine_n in_o search_n of_o some_o example_n of_o a_o machine_n that_o may_v be_v at_o least_o in_o a_o few_o respect_n compare_v with_o it_o of_o many_o that_o occur_v that_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o come_v near_o in_o similitude_n to_o this_o inimitable_a prototype_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o hydraulic_a mint_n at_o segovia_n mention_v rather_o than_o describe_v by_o that_o every_o way_n noble_a gent._n sir_n kenelm_n digby_n in_o these_o word_n this_o engine_n or_o rather_o multitude_n of_o several_a engine_n 23._o to_o perform_v different_a operation_n all_o conduce_v to_o one_o work_n be_v so_o artificial_o make_v that_o one_o part_n of_o it_o distend_v a_o ingot_n of_o silver_n or_o gold_n into_o that_o breadth_n and_o thickness_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v coin_n of_o which_o be_v do_v it_o deliver_v the_o plate_n it_o have_v wrought_v unto_o another_o that_o print_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o coin_n upon_o it_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v turn_v over_o to_o another_o that_o cut_v it_o according_a to_o the_o print_n into_o due_a shape_n and_o weight_n and_o last_o the_o several_a piece_n fall_v into_o a_o reserve_n in_o another_o room_n where_o the_o officer_n who_o charge_n it_o be_v findeth_z treasure_n ready_o coin_v etc._n etc._n for_o betwixt_o this_o engine_n and_o the_o heart_n i_o fancy_v something_o of_o similitude_n at_o least_o in_o the_o few_o particular_n follow_v first_o as_o the_o design_n or_o end_n of_o the_o former_a be_v to_o coin_v money_n which_o be_v the_o blood_n of_o all_o state_n as_o well_o monarchy_n as_o republic_n for_o the_o support_n of_o the_o government_n so_o the_o office_n and_o work_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v to_o stamp_v the_o character_n of_o vitality_n upon_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o life_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o regulation_n of_o the_o whole_a animal_n oeconomy_n second_o as_o the_o one_o be_v move_v by_o a_o stream_n of_o water_n so_o be_v the_o other_o by_o a_o current_n of_o blood_n as_o to_o its_o diastole_n at_o least_o three_o as_o the_o artificial_a engine_n be_v compose_v of_o many_o less_o machine_n each_o of_o which_o perform_v its_o proper_a office_n by_o a_o distinct_a operation_n yet_o all_o conspire_v to_o one_o common_a end_n so_o the_o natural_a be_v also_o complex_fw-la consist_v of_o various_a small_a machine_n viz._n the_o ear_n valve_n ventricles_n musculose_a flesh_n fibres_n of_o different_a order_n chord_n column_n papillae_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o have_v their_o peculiar_a function_n and_o motion_n yet_o so_o combine_v that_o they_o all_o cooperate_v to_o the_o vital_a motion_n or_o heat_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o diffusion_n of_o the_o same_o four_o by_o the_o segovian_a engine_n ingot_n of_o silver_n be_v distend_v to_o a_o breadth_n and_o thinness_n requisite_a to_o make_v money_n by_o the_o heart_n and_o its_o ear_n vehement_o constr_v themselves_o and_o repete_v their_o stroke_n the_o silver_n chyle_n or_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o animal_n be_v attenuate_v its_o viscid_n and_o grumose_n part_v dissolve_v the_o cruder_n part_v concoct_v and_o all_o by_o conquassation_n and_o compression_n so_o perfect_o commix_v with_o the_o blood_n as_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v good_a and_o current_a blood_n five_o from_o the_o mint-engine_n the_o new_a stamp_a coin_n be_v quick_o transfer_v into_o a_o receptacle_n in_o another_o room_n thence_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o order_n of_o the_o mintmaster_n from_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o new_a coin_v blood_n instant_o transmit_v into_o the_o artery_n to_o be_v distribute_v according_a to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o nature_n six_o as_o the_o various_a part_n of_o the_o great_a engine_n be_v so_o situate_a dispose_v and_o connect_v as_o that_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n displace_v break_v or_o hinder_v in_o its_o motion_n and_o action_n present_o all_o the_o rest_n must_v fail_v to_o proceed_v in_o their_o respective_a operation_n and_o the_o work_n of_o make_v coin_n cease_v so_o in_o the_o much_o more_o subtle_a and_o mysterious_a machine_n of_o the_o heart_n if_o any_o the_o least_o part_n though_o but_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o valve_n be_v break_v or_o arrest_v in_o its_o motion_n all_o the_o rest_n will_v soon_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o the_o grand_a work_n of_o make_v the_o blood_n vital_a be_v at_o a_o end_n thus_o far_o methinks_v the_o parallel_n hold_v fair_o enough_o and_o i_o be_v not_o ill_o please_v with_o the_o ramble_v of_o my_o imagination_n but_o when_o i_o have_v attempt_v to_o
the_o muscle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o same_o constituent_a part_n with_o all_o other_o muscle_n viz._n of_o bundle_n of_o carnose_n fibres_n of_o the_o same_o tendinose_n and_o contrahible_a substance_n of_o the_o same_o prismatic_a figure_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n dispose_v layer_n upon_o layer_n bind_v down_o by_o mutual_a contexture_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n intersperse_v with_o branch_n of_o nerve_n fasten_v to_o tendon_n and_o enliven_v by_o blood_n irrigate_a they_o out_o of_o the_o artery_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v no_o sensible_a difference_n or_o disparity_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a heart_n except_v which_o yet_o do_v not_o diversify_v the_o organic_n nature_n of_o it_o no_o more_o than_o the_o diversity_n of_o figure_n among_o other_o muscle_n do_v make_v they_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n then_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o action_n of_o both_o the_o heart_n and_o all_o other_o muscle_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o well_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o muscle_n act_v by_o contraction_n of_o themselves_o if_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o immediate_a motive_n cause_n and_o the_o mechanic_n mode_n of_o their_o operate_n from_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a for_o the_o heart_n to_o be_v inflate_v and_o move_v by_o a_o incorporeal_a faculty_n or_o by_o spirit_n or_o by_o the_o blood_n alone_o however_o violent_o rush_v into_o it_o or_o by_o the_o same_o blood_n to_o what_o degree_n soever_o rarify_v in_o its_o ventricles_n or_o by_o a_o fermentation_n conflict_n and_o displosion_n of_o acid_n and_o saline_n juice_n meet_v together_o in_o the_o heart_n as_o it_o be_v for_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n to_o be_v regular_o move_v by_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o as_o all_o other_o muscle_n be_v move_v by_o contraction_n of_o their_o fibre_n the_o pore_n of_o they_o be_v fill_v and_o distend_v so_o also_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o the_o proxime_fw-la or_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o mean_v only_o the_o constriction_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o dilatation_n or_o distension_n of_o the_o pore_n of_o its_o fibre_n which_o cause_v their_o abbreviation_n or_o contraction_n i._n e._n the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n but_o what_o the_o mediate_v cause_o be_v by_o which_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o fibre_n be_v dilate_v to_o the_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o fibre_n themselves_o we_o shall_v after_o a_o few_o minute_n inquire_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o will_v lay_v down_o this_o other_o proposition_n that_o the_o mediate_v cause_n of_o the_o heart_n motion_n seem_v to_o differ_v from_o that_o by_o which_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n be_v incite_v to_o voluntary_a motion_n since_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o we_o can_v move_v what_o muscle_n we_o please_v of_o any_o limb_n and_o continue_v their_o motion_n as_o long_o as_o we_o please_v and_o stop_v it_o when_o we_o please_v but_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o empire_n of_o our_o will_n but_z like_o that_o of_o a_o mill_n perpetual_a whether_o we_o sleep_v or_o wake_v and_o since_o even_o without_o our_o knowledge_n or_o perception_n the_o heart_n as_o agitate_a by_o a_o certain_a natural_a necessity_n make_v most_o vehement_a and_o almost_o momentany_a stroke_n or_o jerk_n alternate_o short_a and_o isochronical_a or_o equal_o temporaneous_a pause_n interpose_v betwixt_o they_o nor_o ever_o either_o much_o vary_v that_o constant_a rhythm_n of_o its_o pulse_n while_o we_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o health_n or_o intermit_v the_o same_o during_o life_n therefore_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v somewhat_o of_o difference_n between_o the_o mediate_a cause_n of_o the_o heart_n natural_a motion_n on_o one_o part_n and_o the_o mediate_a cause_n of_o the_o voluntary_a motion_n of_o all_o other_o muscle_n on_o the_o other_o beside_o in_o a_o egg_n from_o the_o first_o day_n incubation_n of_o the_o hen_n the_o punctum_fw-la saliens_fw-la and_o then_o the_o vesicula_fw-la pulsans_fw-la exhibit_v to_o our_o sight_n this_o dance_n of_o life_n already_o begin_v when_o we_o can_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v possible_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o that_o first_o rudiment_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la any_o sensation_n of_o good_a or_o evil_n any_o will_n to_o pursue_v the_o good_a or_o avoid_v the_o evil_a and_o when_o nothing_o of_o the_o brain_n be_v yet_o form_v nay_o more_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o viper_n take_v out_o of_o the_o body_n and_o put_v into_o warm_a water_n the_o pulsation_n be_v observe_v to_o continue_v many_o hour_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o abscission_n of_o the_o nerve_n all_o commerce_n betwixt_o the_o brain_n and_o the_o heart_n be_v extinct_a no_o sensation_n or_o election_n can_v be_v imagine_v to_o ordain_v and_o command_v that_o motion_n wherefore_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o confess_v that_o the_o first_o and_o mediate_a cause_n of_o the_o heart_n pulsation_n be_v in_o some_o respect_n or_o other_o divers_a from_o that_o whereby_o the_o other_o muscle_n be_v incite_v to_o motion_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o will._n but_o to_o explore_v wherein_o this_o nice_a difference_n may_v most_o probable_o consist_v be_v a_o work_n of_o so_o great_a difficulty_n that_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v possible_a for_o i_o to_o revoke_v the_o temerarious_a promise_n i_o make_v to_o attempt_v it_o nor_o shall_v i_o have_v courage_n enough_o to_o carry_v i_o so_o much_o as_o one_o step_n far_o if_o i_o do_v not_o derive_v it_o whole_o from_o the_o well_o know_a candour_n and_o benignity_n of_o my_o most_o learned_a auditor_n for_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o my_o way_n though_o short_a be_v yet_o dark_a and_o rocky_a with_o precipice_n on_o both_o side_n and_o all_o the_o light_n i_o can_v expect_v must_v be_v from_o a_o few_o spark_n strike_v out_o of_o my_o flinty_a subject_n by_o the_o force_n of_o conjecture_n if_o therefore_o i_o chance_v to_o stumble_v or_o err_v humanity_n will_v oblige_v you_o rather_o to_o put_v forth_o your_o hand_n to_o support_v or_o guide_v i_o than_o to_o deride_v my_o blindness_n in_o hope_n of_o this_o favour_n i_o will_v venture_v to_o proceed_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o first_o and_o mediate_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o muscle_n whatsoever_o it_o shall_v at_o length_n be_v find_v to_o be_v be_v derive_v to_o it_o by_o the_o nerve_n from_o the_o brain_n for_o as_o if_o the_o nerve_n insert_v into_o any_o muscle_n be_v strict_o compress_v by_o a_o ligature_n or_o cut_v off_o the_o power_n of_o motion_n in_o that_o muscle_n be_v present_o intercept_v or_o total_o destroy_v as_o common_a experience_n witness_v so_o if_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o eight_o conjugation_n be_v either_o strict_o compress_v by_o a_o ligature_n round_o about_o or_o cut_v off_o in_o the_o neck_n of_o any_o animal_n there_o sudden_o will_v ensue_v a_o visible_a change_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o his_o heart_n witness_v the_o memorable_a experiment_n make_v by_o dr._n lower_n and_o record_v in_o his_o excellent_a book_n the_o cord_n 2._o where_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o heart_n which_o before_o reciprocate_v its_o motion_n moderate_o and_o rhythmical_o present_o after_o the_o ligature_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a nerve_n begin_v to_o palpitate_v and_o tremble_v and_o by_o degree_n grow_v more_o and_o more_o languid_a till_o the_o poor_a creature_n die_v which_o be_v within_o two_o day_n other_o experiment_n confirm_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o may_v allege_v if_o it_o be_v not_o universal_o acknowledge_v by_o anatomist_n that_o the_o motive_n force_n of_o the_o heart_n depend_v upon_o some_o influence_n from_o the_o brain_n and_o among_o these_o one_o of_o the_o most_o accurate_a affirm_v that_o nature_n make_v the_o cerebellum_fw-la as_o a_o storehouse_n of_o animal_n spirit_n chief_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o heart_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o may_v be_v perpetual_o maintain_v say_v pro_fw-la motu_fw-la cordis_n praestando_fw-la tam_fw-la sedula_fw-la &_o sollicita_fw-la fuit_fw-la naetura_fw-la ut_fw-la 2._o praeter_fw-la nervorum_fw-la propagines_fw-la ubique_fw-la in_o illud_fw-la densè_fw-la distributas_fw-la pro_fw-la continuo_fw-la spirituum_fw-la animalium_fw-la influxu_fw-la cerebellum_fw-la insuper_fw-la quasi_fw-la perenne_fw-fr corum_fw-la promptuarium_fw-la ei_fw-la accommodaverit_fw-la a_o cujus_fw-la benigna_fw-la &_o constante_n influentia_fw-la adeò_fw-la dependet_fw-la ut_fw-la fi_fw-la spirituum_fw-la influxus_fw-la vel_fw-la minimus_fw-la temporis_fw-la momento_n impediatur_fw-la motus_fw-la ejus_fw-la illicò_fw-la deficiat_fw-la but_o why_o have_v i_o recourse_n to_o the_o authority_n of_o man_n when_o nature_n herself_o in_o her_o constant_a process_n of_o form_v the_o part_n of_o a_o embryon_n seem_v to_o
say_v that_o fibres_n when_o they_o act_v can_v possible_o exercise_v their_o force_n by_o their_o contraction_n and_o by_o draw_v their_o extreme_a term_n towards_o the_o middle_n because_o by_o a_o corrugation_n or_o shrink_v up_o into_o wrinkle_n of_o their_o length_n they_o must_v rather_o be_v relax_v therefore_o as_o a_o weight_n hang_v on_o to_o a_o lax_n cord_n can_v be_v raise_v thereby_o while_o the_o cord_n continue_v lax_n so_o by_o fibres_fw-fr lax_n and_o corrugate_v can_v the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v violent_o draw_v together_o and_o conjoin_v second_o but_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fibrose_a spire_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o wound_v about_o tortuosè_fw-la with_o turn_n and_o wind_n quite_o home_o to_o the_o ventricles_n but_o extend_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n into_o the_o ventricles_n and_o there_o bind_v together_o into_o those_o fasciculi_fw-la or_o sheaf_v which_o compose_v many_o little_a cylinder_n or_o cord_n then_o indeed_o a_o man_n may_v think_v that_o by_o simple_a contraction_n of_o the_o fibre_n those_o little_a cylinder_n may_v be_v total_o shorten_v and_o so_o the_o opposite_a wall_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v bring_v to_o meet_v together_o but_o this_o be_v evident_o impossible_a because_o in_o such_o a_o position_n there_o must_v necessary_o be_v admit_v a_o corrugation_n of_o the_o whole_a concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o heart_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o base_n of_o those_o little_a column_n or_o cord_n and_o therefore_o innumerable_a fibres_n there_o contex_v must_v be_v crowd_v up_o together_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n corrugate_v i._n e._n relax_v and_o by_o consequence_n can_v not_o act_v by_o their_o tense_n contraction_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o supposition_n beside_o in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v find_v but_o very_o few_o of_o those_o little_a cylinder_n or_o column_n and_o therefore_o this_o subterfuge_n can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o yet_o far_o a_o total_a decurtation_n of_o those_o same_o column_n or_o cord_n can_v not_o be_v make_v unless_o the_o length_n of_o the_o spire_n end_v in_o the_o column_n themselves_o run_v out_o betwixt_o other_o fibre_n as_o into_o sheath_n or_o about_o pulley_n neither_o of_o which_o contrivance_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heart_n for_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v with_o decussated_a direction_n contex_v and_o so_o close_o and_o firm_o bind_v among_o themselves_o that_o they_o can_v by_o various_a and_o contrary_a motion_n start_v out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o run_v out_o among_o other_o fibre_n embrace_v they_o in_o fine_a that_o the_o tension_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v solve_v by_o a_o simple_a contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v common_o imagine_v may_v be_v sufficient_o evince_v even_o from_o this_o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n which_o when_o they_o act_v be_v true_o contract_v be_v sensible_o diminish_v rather_o than_o augment_v but_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o heart_n while_o it_o act_n be_v augment_v since_o the_o cavity_n or_o ventricles_n of_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o fleshy_a substance_n the_o outward_a figure_n of_o the_o whole_a heart_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n unchanged_a and_o undiminish_a wherefore_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v not_o perform_v by_o contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n quod_fw-la erat_fw-la probandum_fw-la hence_o arise_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v constringe_v not_o because_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v shorten_v but_o because_o their_o side-wall_n be_v bring_v near_o each_o to_o the_o other_o so_o as_o almost_o to_o touch_v this_o appear_v from_o the_o very_a position_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o from_o its_o operation_n for_o the_o left_a ventricle_n dissect_v from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n be_v you_o see_v extend_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o heart_n from_o the_o basis_n down_o to_o the_o cone_n which_o end_v into_o a_o sharp_a point_a and_o slender_a wall_n and_o since_o the_o external_a figure_n of_o the_o heart_n while_o it_o beat_v be_v not_o shorten_v therefore_o neither_o be_v the_o length_n of_o this_o cavity_n diminish_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o cavity_n be_v not_o bring_v near_o to_o the_o cone_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o base_a and_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v at_o all_o be_v inflate_v and_o incrassated_a because_o the_o base_a want_n fibres_n and_o be_v entire_o destitute_a of_o flesh_n as_o be_v whole_o occupy_v by_o the_o four_o ample_a orifice_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n and_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o cone_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o slender_a therefore_o the_o cavity_n can_v be_v fill_v by_o inflation_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o basis_n and_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n it_o remain_v then_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o the_o cavity_n be_v fill_v by_o inflation_n of_o the_o side-wall_n of_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v very_o thick_a full_a of_o fibres_n and_o therefore_o easy_o capable_a of_o inflation_n last_o as_o be_v say_v before_o if_o a_o man_n put_v his_o finger_n into_o a_o hole_n make_v by_o incision_n in_o either_o of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o any_o animal_n yet_o live_v he_o shall_v perceive_v a_o strong_a constriction_n of_o the_o side-wall_n but_o none_o of_o the_o basis_n and_o cone_n tend_v to_o their_o approximation_n one_o towards_o the_o other_o by_o this_o consectary_n thus_o verify_v we_o be_v lead_v to_o understand_v the_o mechanic_n reason_n of_o this_o operation_n that_o by_o mechanic_n necessity_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v shorten_v may_v be_v far_o prove_v thus_o because_o a_o contraction_n of_o the_o heart_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o a_o contraction_n of_o its_o fibre_n therefore_o those_o part_n of_o it_o that_o want_n fibres_n will_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o contraction_n but_o of_o that_o immense_a multitude_n of_o fibres_n descend_v from_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thousand_o part_n attain_v to_o the_o cone_n because_o if_o they_o shall_v be_v there_o connect_v they_o will_v be_v accumulate_v stratum_fw-la super_fw-la strato_fw-la make_v the_o acuminate_v and_o thin_a wall_n of_o huge_a depth_n or_o thickness_n whereas_o now_o that_o wall_n be_v very_o slender_a in_o such_o a_o situation_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fibre_n that_o be_v spiral_n be_v weave_v together_o and_o reflect_v into_o the_o heart_n with_o a_o transversal_a circuit_n before_o they_o reach_v to_o the_o cone_n ergo_fw-la they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o basis_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o length_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o heart_n will_v not_o be_v shorten_v but_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o the_o side-wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n be_v bring_v to_o meet_v be_v this_o because_o almost_o all_o the_o innumerable_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o heart_n be_v wound_v oblique_o and_o transvers_o about_o the_o side_n of_o it_o and_o of_o they_o be_v compose_v very_o many_o layer_n one_o above_o another_o like_o membrane_n but_o when_o the_o fibre_n of_o any_o layer_n be_v inflate_v or_o huff_v up_o they_o touch_v each_o the_o other_o lateral_o and_o lie_v in_o one_o superfice_n will_v of_o necessity_n crowd_n and_o press_v each_o the_o other_o lateral_o and_o so_o thrust_v each_o the_o other_o out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o urge_v they_o far_o viz._n sideways_o towards_o the_o basis_n and_o towards_o the_o cone_n wherefore_o the_o interval_n betwixt_o the_o basis_n and_o the_o cone_n ought_v to_o be_v rather_o augment_v but_o because_o the_o other_o external_a fibres_n oblique_o encompass_v and_o close_o gird_v the_o transverse_n and_o intersect_v they_o decussatim_fw-la hinder_v their_o elongation_n and_o protuberance_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o of_o necessity_n the_o inflation_n of_o the_o fibre_n ought_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o swell_v inward_o towards_o the_o cavity_n and_o so_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v puff_v up_o must_v be_v bring_v near_o together_o moreover_o the_o septum_fw-la cordis_fw-la or_o partition-wall_n of_o the_o ventricles_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o transverse_n fibres_n will_v not_o be_v shorten_v by_o their_o inflation_n but_o the_o thickness_n of_o it_o be_v much_o augment_v and_o the_o outward_a wall_n ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v inflate_v inward_o towards_o the_o internal_a cavity_n therefore_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o opposite_a wall_n ought_v to_o meet_v the_o basis_n remain_v always_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o cone_n quod_fw-la erat_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la hence_o we_o may_v deduce_v this_o genuine_a consectary_n that_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o opposite_a inside_n of_o the_o wall_n
proposition_n that_o the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o constriction_n of_o its_o ventricles_n and_o the_o consequent_a compression_n and_o expression_n of_o the_o blood_n contain_v in_o they_o not_o by_o a_o contorsion_n of_o its_o spiral_n fibres_n but_o by_o a_o inflation_n and_o corrugation_n of_o they_o here_o some_o perhaps_o may_v be_v willing_a to_o propose_v to_o i_o this_o question_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o the_o systole_n or_o act_n of_o pulsation_n neither_o the_o exterior_a superfice_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v augment_v nor_o the_o cone_n of_o it_o draw_v up_o towards_o the_o basis_n both_o which_o we_o have_v assert_v how_o then_o come_v it_o that_o in_o every_o systole_n the_o cone_n of_o the_o heart_n knock_v against_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o breast_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v because_o the_o heart_n be_v hang_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n by_o strong_a ligament_n and_o yet_o in_o every_o systole_n be_v bring_v to_o touch_v and_o strike_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o breast_n therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o this_o be_v do_v either_o by_o a_o dilatation_n of_o the_o heart_n or_o by_o local_a motion_n and_o translation_n of_o it_o or_o by_o erection_n of_o the_o whole_a or_o by_o flexion_n and_o incurvation_n of_o the_o cone_n thereof_o and_o as_o our_o observation_n and_o experience_n reject_v the_o three_o former_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n so_o it_o oblige_v we_o to_o embrace_v and_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o last_o wherefore_o it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o investigate_v the_o mechanic_n reason_n of_o this_o effect_n which_o seem_v to_o depend_v first_o upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o heart_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o crooked_a gut_n tie_v about_o with_o a_o thread_n and_o not_o whole_o fill_v with_o water_n be_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n extend_v direct_o or_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n but_o if_o the_o water_n be_v impel_v towards_o either_o end_n by_o compression_n than_o the_o gut_n become_v crooked_a again_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o exact_v and_o the_o other_o pendulous_a extremity_n will_v be_v erect_v and_o strike_v against_o your_o hand_n hold_v a_o little_a over_o it_o this_o plain_o follow_v from_o the_o curve_v figure_n of_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o gut_n which_o be_v long_o in_o the_o convex_a part_n and_o short_a in_o the_o concave_n so_o in_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o left_a wall_n be_v short_a less_o fleshy_a and_o less_o crooked_a than_o the_o two_o wall_n that_o make_v the_o right_a ventricle_n wherefore_o in_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o cone_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v erect_v towards_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o to_o strike_v against_o it_o more_o or_o less_o strong_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o violence_n with_o which_o it_o be_v erect_v this_o may_v be_v somewhat_o help_v also_o partly_o by_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o heart_n lie_v oblique_o partly_o by_o the_o situation_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v wind_v about_o oblique_o and_o spiral_o from_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n towards_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o cone_n whence_o in_o the_o act_n of_o pulsation_n when_o the_o fibre_n be_v shorten_v the_o cone_n may_v be_v a_o little_a distort_a and_o erect_v by_o the_o fasciculus_fw-la or_o combination_n of_o fibres_n forward_o towards_o the_o left_a side_n and_o so_o the_o percussion_n may_v be_v make_v seneca_n as_o you_o may_v remember_v in_o epist_n 57_o most_o elegant_o describe_v first_o the_o inevitable_a horror_n that_o invade_v he_o while_o he_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o dust_n and_o darkness_n a_o darkness_n so_o thick_a as_o even_o to_o be_v see_v of_o the_o crypta_fw-la neapolitana_n now_o name_v the_o grot_n of_o pausilype_n in_o the_o way_n between_o naples_n and_o putzole_n and_o then_o the_o cheerfulness_n he_o call_v it_o alacritatem_fw-la incogitatam_fw-la &_o injussam_fw-la that_o return_v to_o his_o mind_n upon_o the_o first_o sight_n of_o the_o restore_a light_n the_o same_o surprise_a alacrity_n methinks_v i_o now_o feel_v within_o myself_o after_o my_o passage_n through_o the_o no_o less_o darkness_n in_o which_o nature_n have_v through_o a_o long_a series_n of_o age_n involve_v her_o great_a secret_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n make_v more_o obscure_a by_o the_o dust_n of_o man_n various_a opinion_n and_o my_o arrive_v at_o the_o light_n of_o knowledge_n both_o what_o be_v the_o proper_a action_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o by_o what_o mechanic_n necessity_n that_o action_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o ardour_n of_o this_o alacrity_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o use_n and_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o of_o its_o valve_n the_o end_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o heart_n be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o in_o great_a animal_n musculose_o round_o about_o that_o the_o trunk_n of_o it_o may_v be_v constringe_v as_o sphincter_n be_v close_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o circular_a fibre_n but_o the_o end_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_n want_v the_o like_a fulciment_n and_o therefore_o can_v constringe_v itself_o then_o both_o these_o vein_n end_v into_o the_o musculose_a ear_n which_o be_v hollow_a like_o little_a bag_n affix_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o who_o structure_n much_o resemble_v that_o by_o which_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v contex_v in_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o it_o for_o the_o ear_n also_o consist_v of_o fleshy_a fibres_n intersect_v each_o other_o like_o a_o st._n andrews_n cross_n which_o within_o be_v bind_v together_o into_o many_o little_a cylindrical_a column_n and_o trench_n connect_v the_o side_n of_o the_o bag_n to_o these_o ear_n succeed_v three_o membrane_n in_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o two_o in_o the_o left_a which_o be_v of_o a_o very_a strong_a contexture_n of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n the_o base_n of_o which_o be_v close_o affix_v to_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o heart_n then_o the_o areae_fw-la or_o middle_a space_n of_o these_o little_a membrane_n be_v branch_v within_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o many_o little_a tendinose_n string_n or_o cord_n which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o papillae_fw-la or_o teat_n that_o stand_v point_v upward_o place_v on_o the_o opposite_a side_n now_o this_o admirable_a structure_n be_v know_v let_v we_o inquire_v the_o design_n or_o use_v of_o it_o first_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la seem_v not_o to_o be_v make_v musculose_o for_o strength_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v break_v by_o the_o current_n of_o the_o blood_n rush_v in_o but_o rather_o by_o its_o constriction_n to_o protrude_v the_o blood_n into_o the_o oblique_a sinus_n of_o the_o right_a ear_n and_o to_o render_v the_o same_o turgid_a which_o action_n be_v help_v by_o the_o peristaltic_a constriction_n of_o the_o whole_a trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o by_o the_o compression_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o viscera_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o be_v yesterday_o demonstrate_v when_o we_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o the_o blood_n impel_v through_o the_o open_a aperture_n of_o the_o ear_n fill_v the_o cavity_n of_o it_o and_o then_o run_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n and_o by_o the_o like_a necessity_n the_o blood_n flow_v out_o of_o the_o vena_fw-la pulmonaris_fw-la into_o the_o left_a ear_n and_o thence_o into_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o ear_n fill_v and_o distend_v with_o blood_n but_o they_o both_o at_o the_o same_o time_n constringe_v themselves_o by_o a_o contractive_a and_o compressive_a action_n common_a to_o all_o muscle_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o press_n in_o this_o order_n that_o first_o by_o shut_v their_o aperture_n they_o hinder_v the_o regress_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o the_o same_o vein_n out_o of_o which_o it_o come_v in_o then_o by_o the_o great_a force_n of_o compression_n they_o squeeze_v it_o into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n until_o they_o be_v fill_v and_o make_v turgid_a to_o this_o action_n of_o the_o ear_n immediate_o succeed_v the_o compression_n of_o the_o press_n of_o the_o heart_n itself_o by_o which_o the_o blood_n itself_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o abundance_n inflate_v and_o distend_v the_o triangular_a and_o mitral_a valve_n exact_o shut_v the_o orifice_n or_o mouth_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o so_o prevent_v its_o own_o recoil_n into_o they_o whence_o it_o be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n that_o the_o same_o blood_n be_v express_v into_o the_o pulmonary_a artery_n or_o vena_fw-la arterialis_fw-la and_o into_o the_o aorta_fw-la these_o be_v the_o
nay_o that_o he_o understand_v no_o more_o the_o mechanic_n reason_n of_o their_o conformation_n than_o if_o he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o see_v they_o nor_o in_o truth_n do_v father_n paul_n who_o yet_o i_o never_o can_v mention_v without_o secret_a veneration_n if_o the_o afore-recited_n account_n and_o what_o follow_v immediate_o after_o give_v by_o his_o most_o intimate_a friend_n during_o his_o life_n and_o after_o his_o historian_n fulgentio_n be_v true_a and_o full_a for_o in_o fulgentio_n narration_n of_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o father_n come_v first_o to_o find_v out_o the_o valve_n there_o be_v this_o passage_n and_o upon_o his_o own_o natural_a judgement_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o cut_v with_o more_o exquisite_a observation_n whereupon_o he_o find_v out_o those_o valvulae_fw-la and_o the_o right_a use_n of_o they_o which_o do_v not_o only_o stop_v and_o hinder_v the_o blood_n from_o dilate_v itself_o by_o its_o weight_n into_o the_o vein_n as_o we_o observe_v in_o some_o crooked_a and_o swell_v knot_n but_o also_o that_o blood_n run_v up_o and_o down_o with_o so_o much_o liberty_n and_o in_o so_o great_a quantity_n it_o may_v easy_o suffocate_v the_o natural_a heat_n of_o those_o part_n which_o ought_v to_o receive_v their_o nourishment_n from_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_o apparent_a that_o the_o father_n also_o attribute_v a_o double_a use_n to_o the_o valve_n one_o the_o very_a same_o with_o the_o former_a dream_v of_o by_o aquapendens_fw-la who_o probable_o borrow_v it_o of_o the_o father_n viz._n to_o prevent_v the_o dilatation_n of_o the_o blood_n into_o varices_fw-la by_o stop_v its_o impetuous_a motion_n up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o vein_n the_o other_o quite_o contrary_a to_o aquapendens_n second_o use_n viz._n to_o prevent_v a_o surfeit_n of_o the_o part_n upon_o too_o much_o blood_n and_o a_o extinction_n or_o suffocation_n of_o their_o natural_a heat_n by_o that_o excess_n whereas_o aquapendens_fw-la fear_v they_o will_v be_v famish_a if_o the_o valve_n do_v not_o detain_v their_o food_n as_o tantalus_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v now_o if_o these_o be_v true_o the_o father_n sentiment_n concern_v the_o valve_n certain_o he_o have_v no_o right_a conception_n of_o nature_n design_n in_o make_v they_o as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o precedent_a demonstration_n of_o their_o true_a use_n to_o come_v then_o to_o a_o conclusion_n and_o draw_v all_o the_o line_n of_o this_o scrutiny_n to_o a_o point_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o neither_o father_n paul_n himself_o nor_o his_o disciple_n aquapendens_fw-la have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o that_o both_o believe_v the_o blood_n to_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o great_a vein_n into_o the_o less_o which_o the_o fabric_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o valve_n plain_o contradict_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v author_n of_o that_o much_o more_o noble_a and_o more_o difficult_a invention_n of_o the_o circulation_n or_o the_o blood_n which_o it_o be_v moral_o impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o deduce_v from_o their_o absurd_a opinion_n concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o valve_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o which_o be_v whole_o due_a to_o that_o incomparable_a man_n dr._n harvy_n who_o by_o admirable_a sagacity_n of_o spirit_n by_o numerose_n experiment_n and_o observation_n anatomical_a and_o by_o assiduous_a meditation_n perhaps_o also_o by_o the_o secret_a manuduction_n of_o fate_n that_o have_v reserve_v the_o secret_a for_o his_o knowledge_n attain_v at_o length_n to_o the_o invidiose_fw-la felicity_n of_o find_v it_o out_o and_o reveal_v it_o to_o the_o world_n i_o wonder_v therefore_o that_o some_o man_n of_o not_o obscure_a name_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o anatomist_n have_v show_v themselves_o so_o ungrateful_a and_o envious_a towards_o this_o immortal_a man_n as_o to_o ascribe_v this_o divine_a invention_n to_o padre_n paolo_n i_o mean_v sanguinis_fw-la joh._n walaeus_n and_o tho._n bartholinus_n the_o former_a of_o who_o doubt_v not_o to_o write_v thus_o vir_fw-la incomparabilis_fw-la paulus_n servita_n venetus_n valvularum_fw-la in_o venis_fw-la fabricam_fw-la observavit_fw-la accuratiùs_fw-la quam_fw-la magnus_fw-la anatomicus_n fabricius_n ab_fw-la aquapendente_fw-la postea_fw-la edidit_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la ea_fw-la valvularum_fw-la constitutione_n aliisque_fw-la experimentis_fw-la hunc_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la motum_fw-la puta_fw-la circularem_fw-la deduxit_fw-la egregioque_fw-la scripto_fw-la asseruit_fw-la quod_fw-la etiamnum_fw-la intelligo_fw-la apud_fw-la venetos_n asservari_fw-la ab_fw-la hoc_fw-la servita_n edoctus_fw-la vir_fw-la doctissimus_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la harveius_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la hunc_fw-la motum_fw-la accuratiùs_fw-la indagavit_fw-la inventis_fw-la auxit_fw-la probavit_fw-la firmiùs_fw-la &_o svo_fw-la divulgavit_fw-la nomine_fw-la the_o other_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o affirm_v 26._o that_o veslingius_n have_v communicate_v to_o he_o as_o a_o secret_a never_o to_o be_v reveal_v forsooth_o to_o any_o three_o person_n that_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o invention_n of_o father_n paul_n the_o servite_fw-la who_o have_v write_v a_o book_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o fulgentio_n at_o venice_n to_o refute_v this_o palpable_a fiction_n to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v of_o father_n paul_n ignorance_n of_o the_o right_a use_n of_o the_o valve_n i_o need_v add_v only_o this_o that_o if_o fulgentio_n have_v have_v in_o his_o hand_n any_o such_o manuscript_n of_o the_o father_n as_o these_o detractor_n have_v imagine_v it_o be_v wonderful_a strange_a he_o shall_v never_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v either_o that_o or_o the_o circulation_n in_o his_o whole_a history_n of_o the_o father_n life_n when_o of_o all_o the_o subtle_a speculation_n and_o discovery_n of_o natural_a secret_n by_o he_o attribute_v to_o the_o father_n nothing_o will_v have_v so_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o glory_n as_o that_o here_o therefore_o i_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o long_a digression_n to_o which_o the_o necessary_a contemplation_n of_o the_o valve_n give_v a_o invite_a occasion_n and_o which_o be_v intend_v only_o to_o do_v right_a to_o the_o venerable_a memory_n of_o dr._n harvy_n all_o lover_n of_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o all_o member_n of_o this_o noble_a society_n will_v i_o presume_v easy_o pardon_v ¶_o ⸫_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o vein_n and_o the_o mechanic_n cause_v thereof_o let_v we_o next_o consider_v the_o velocity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o blood_n in_o the_o artery_n for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o which_o i_o lay_v down_o this_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n iii_o that_o the_o artery_n of_o a_o animal_n their_o constriction_n or_o pulsation_n be_v complete_a do_v not_o remain_v whole_o empty_a of_o blood_n evident_a it_o be_v even_o to_o sense_n that_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o a_o sanguineous_a animal_n take_v together_o be_v large_a or_o more_o capacious_a perhaps_o in_o a_o quadruple_a proportion_n than_o all_o the_o artery_n put_v together_o and_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n run_v through_o all_o both_o vein_n and_o artery_n which_o mass_n in_o fullgrown_a man_n common_o exceed_v not_o 18_o or_o 20_o pint_n and_o though_o the_o vein_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o transparent_a coat_n always_o appear_v full_a of_o blood_n yet_o a_o man_n may_v doubt_v whether_o the_o artery_n also_o be_v always_o full_a that_o be_v whether_o they_o only_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pulsation_n and_o then_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o quiet_n remain_v whole_o empty_a or_o not_o to_o resolve_v this_o doubt_n therefore_o i_o say_v that_o the_o artery_n if_o they_o be_v whole_o empty_a in_o the_o interval_n of_o their_o pulsation_n then_o be_v lay_v naked_a to_o the_o sight_n they_o will_v appear_v constringe_v and_o lank_a like_a chord_n extend_v but_o our_o eye_n assure_v we_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o retain_v their_o round_a and_o plump_a figure_n and_o be_v press_v by_o the_o finger_n resist_v the_o pressure_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v possible_o consist_v with_o a_o total_a exinanition_n again_o the_o vein_n be_v lay_v naked_a if_o after_o the_o pulsation_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o artery_n remain_v empty_a then_o certain_o will_v the_o pipe_n of_o the_o vein_n by_o the_o quantity_n of_o 5_o pint_n of_o blood_n crowd_v into_o they_o more_o than_o what_o they_o be_v proportion_v to_o contain_v be_v distend_v at_o least_o a_o three_o part_n more_o than_o they_o ought_v but_o this_o be_v sensible_o false_a for_o their_o coat_n be_v not_o distend_v beyond_o their_o usual_a rate_n ergo_fw-la the_o artery_n be_v at_o no_o time_n whole_o empty_a moreover_o in_o animal_n who_o artery_n be_v transparent_a as_o in_o snake_n viper_n eel_n frog_n etc._n etc._n we_o may_v from_o their_o purple_a or_o bluish_a colour_n perceive_v the_o artery_n to_o be_v full_a of_o