Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	artery_n	blood_n	lung_n	3,010	5	11.3115	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10510	The manuall of the anatomy or dissection of the body of man containing the enumeration, and description of the parts of the same, which usually are shewed in the publike anatomicall exercises. Enlarged and more methodically digested into 6. books. By Alexander Read, Doctor of Physick, a fellow of the Physitians College of London, and a brother of the Worshipfull Company of the Barber-Chirurgeons.	Read, Alexander, 1586?-1641.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.; Read, Alexander, 1586?-1641. Treatise of all the muscles of the whole bodie. aut	1638 (1638)	STC 20784; ESTC S115657	94,096	597

upon the forepart but the hindermost branches are bestowed upon the muscles which are placed upon the back These vessels are placed betweene the duplication of the pleura and the pleuresie it selfe is not seated in this place onely but betweene the pleura also and the intercostall muscles It hath two uses First to wrap in all the vitall parts Secondly to defend them from all externall injuries The second membrane is the mediastinum because it standeth in the middle of the brest and divideth the right side from the left In hath not onely a duplication as the pleura hath but is double also for one is in the right side the other in the left They are united according to the longitude of the vertevrae of the back but severed towards the sternum In the cavity between these parts of the mediastinum one may bee deeply wounded without any great danger of death Such a wound you shall easily discern First if small store of bloud issue out Secondly if no breath come out This cavity is seene when the Cartilago xiphoides is removed In the dropsie of the lungs and when corrupt mattet is gathered the sternum here may be tripaned The substance of it is membranous yet thinner and softer than the pleura The inner side towards the lungs is smooth and hath fat about the vessels but the exterior is rougher by reason of the fibres by the which it is tied to the pleura It reacheth from the throat to the midrife As for its vessels veins and arteries it hath from those called mammariae but small and from vena sine pari It hath one speciall vein called mediastina which springeth from the lower part of ramus subclavius The nerves called stomachici passe by the reduplication of it It hath three uses First it divideth the breast and lungs in two parts that one being wounded the other should be safe Secondly it holdeth up the pericardium firmly wherein the heart is contained that it should not rest upon the back-bone when we ly upon our back or that it should fall upon the brest bone when wee bend our selves towards the ground or touch the ribs when we ly upon our sides Thirdly it giveth a safe passage to the vessels which passe by it The third proper containing part is the pericardium so called because it compasseth the whole heart whose figure it hath for it is pyramidall It is so farre distant from the heart as is sufficient to give way to the motion of the same and the containing of the waterish humour It hath two membranes 1. Outer from the mediastinum it is tied before and behind to the pleura from whence both the mediastinum and pericardium originally spring 2. Inner from proceeding from the externall tunicles of the vessels of the heart for within the pericardium the vessels lack their common tunicle it having beene spent upon the pericardium The externall membrane is fibrous but the internall is slippery but firme and thick The motion of it is secondary from the heart It leaneth more to the left side than to the right and more to the fore than back part It cleaveth so firmly to the nervous circle of the midrife that it cannot be separat from it without renting to direct the motion of the heart It is perforat in five places In two for the entering in and passing out of the vena cava In three for vena arteriosa and arteria venosa and the passing out of the aorta It hath small veins from the phrenicae the axillar No arteries appeare because it is neere enough to the heart It hath two uses First to keepe the heart in its owne place whether we bend our body backwards forwad or to either side Secondly to containe the watrish humour which is sundry waies profitable for first it tempereth the heat of the heart Secondly it moystneth the same Thirdly it maketh it slippery Last of all the pericardia defendeth the heart as an armour from all externall injuries The watrish humour which is contained in the pericardium is like urine yet not sharp or saltish If it be thock and slimy is causeth the heart to be hairy If it be too copious it causeth the painting of the heart which is cured by phlebotomy It is too plentifull in those who have obstructions of the mesaraicall veins liver or spleene for in such the thinnest part of the chylus onely is drawne for nourishment and so the bloud becommeth watrish Some thinke it to proceed from a seminall aquosity even from the first generation as the aire within the eares is from a flatuous Others think that it is engēdered of vapours raised from the bloud and waterishnesse of the veins and arteries of the heart and condensed by the respective coldnesse of the membrane and by his meane the peritonaeum and the pleura seeme alwaies bedewed with moysture It seemeth that the first beginning of it is a seminall humidity and that is maintained afterward by the vapours Sometimes also there is contained in the capacity of the brest a bloody water to moysten and temper the heat of the lungs It is caused partly of the vapours raised from the vessels partly of that portion of drink which passeth to the lungs and by reason of this water and bloud did flow from the side of our Saviour pierced CAP. IIII. Of the truncke ascending from the Vena cava NOw the parts contained in the brest are either vasa or viscera the vessels or the entrals The vessels are in number foure the vena cava the vena arterialis the arteria venosa and the aorta or arteria magna The first is the vena cava or magna because the hollownesse of it is great It hath its beginning from the liver The orifice of it is three times as large as that of the aorta being received by the right care of the heart it is expanded into the whole right ventricle of the same About the orifice of it are placed three values called trifulcae or tri●uspides because arising from a large foot they end into a narrow top representing barbed arrowes Their situation is from without inward so that the bloud may be let in but not returne They proceed from a membranous circle annexed to the orifice They cleave to the septum of the heart towards the point of it bee strong fibres ending in round caruncules If you would see these as the rest of the values cut transversly the ventricles of the heart neere to the basis and then they will appeare It hath two trunkes one descending and this is that which is caused of a number of small veins appearing in the hollow part of the liver which meet about the middle of it in one trunck still decreasing in number and increasing in bignesse The other ascending this is procured by a

number of small veins springing from the convex part of the liver which end in like manner into one trunck about the middle of it This is bigger than the descending because all the upper parts are fed by this onely whereas most of the parts contained in the abdomen are nourished by the vena portae Although it bee not divided into branches untill it come to the throat yet it doth send forth sundry sprigs from the sides The first is called phrenica one in each side It is inserted into the diaphragma which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by a number of twigs and from thence it bestoweth twigs upon the pericardium and mediastinum The second is called Coronaria so called because like a garland it compasseth the basis of the heart It sendeth sundry twigges to the outer parts of the heart but chiefly to the left because it needeth greater store of nourishment by reason of its stronger motion This hath a value which hindereth the returne of the bloud to the vena cava This springeth from the cava before it enter into the heart and the bloud is somewhat thick and not attenuat in the ventricles of the heart for the substance of the heart being hard and firme was to be nourished by bloud somewhat grosse The third is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or sine pari without a mate because it hath not a fellow as other veins have in the left side if you except those beasts which chew the cud This springeth from the cava as soone as it is come out of the pericardium It passeth out of the hinder and right part of the vena cava about the fift vertebra of the brest It doth not descend straight way But comming a little forward it returneth towards the spina When it is come to the eighth or ninth rib above the spina it is divided into two branches to wit the right and the left Then passing by the division of the midrife which is between the two productions of it they are spread thorow the abdomen Of these two the left is inserted into the left emulgent By this way Fallopius will have watrish pu●ulent and bloudy substances to be discharged which sometimes are contained in the brest while these branches march downeward In each side ten sprigs bud out which march thorow so many distances of so many of the inferior ribs In the lower part of the rib there is a groop to receive the sprig Wherefore when you make incision in an empiena come not neere to this part From this vein other small twigs also proceed which afford nourishment to the spinalus medulla These are called costales inferiures or the lower intercostals The vena sine pari thus being framed the cava ascendeth to the jugulum strengthned by the media stinum and the thymus which is placed in the uppermost part of the brest Here the vena cava is parted into 2. remarkable branches From whence all those veins spring which are sent either to the head or armes One branch marcheth to the right another to the left side while they remaine within the brest they are called subclavii because they march under the cannell bones but when they are come to the arme pit they are called axillares Before they come to the arme pit sundry sprigs spring from them The first is intercostalis superior this ariseth from the root of the divarication and passing by the roots of two ribs bestoweth twigs upon the distances of the two upper ribs as the vena sine part did there is one in each side The second is called mammaria this marcheth forwards towards the upper part of the bone of the brest From thence it goeth downe by the sides of it and when it is come to the cartilago mucronata about the sides of it it passeth out of the brest and marcheth by a straight way under the straight muscles to the navill where it is joyned with the vena epigastrica ascendens by inosculation which is the cause of that great consent which is betweene the paps and the matrix This before it leave the brest it bestoweth one branch upon the cartilaginous distances of seven of the costae verae where the sprigs of the vena sine pari end From these branches proceed some other remarkable twigs which are bestowed upon those muscles which are seated upon the brest and the dugs The third is called Mediastina because it is bestowed upon the mediastinum together with the left nerve of the midrife according to the length of it The fourth is called Cervicalis or vertebralis It is large in each side marching upwards obliquely towards the back part it commeth to the transverse processes of the vertebrae of the neck where passing thorow the holes of them it bestoweth branches upon the muscles which lye above the vertebrae The fifth is called Muscula inferior because it is spent upon the lower muscles of the neck which stretch out the neck and head The sixth is the internall jugular this ariseth where the cannell bone is articulat with the sternum This joyned with the nerve recurrent and the soporall artery marcheth by the side of the wind-pipe to the throat The seventh is the externall jugular this marching up under the skin and the qoadrat muscle which pulleth downe the cheeks commeth to the eare This in beasts is bigger than the internall otherwise than it is in man CAP. V. Of Vena arterialis and arteria venalis THe second vessell in the brest is Vena arterialis It is a vein from its office for it carrieth naturall blood to the lungs by the right side of the wind pipe It is called an artery because the coat of it is double not single as that of veins It doth spring from the upper part of the right ventricle of the heart and is implanted into the substance of the lungs by the right side of the wind-pipe The third vessell is arteria venalis It is called an artery because is carrieth arteriall bloud but a vein because it hath a single coat as a vein It ariseth from the upper part of the left ventricle of the heart and is implanted into the substance of the lungs by the left side of the wind-pipe The Vena arterialis hath three values called Sigmoides from the figure of the great sigma which answereth the Latine S. the figure is this C. They looke from within outwards to let out the bloud but to hinder the returne of the same The Arteria venalis hath two values called mitrales because they are like a Bishops Miter They looke from without inward to let in bloud carried from the vena arterialis They are bigger than those of vena cava and have longer filaments and to strengthen them many fleshy snippets are joyned to them It hath two values only that the fuliginous vapours might the

more readily be discharged It hath also but a single thin coat partly for the same purpose partly because the bloud sent from the vena arteriosa is cooled by the bronchia of the lungs before it entereth into arteria venalis it needeth not so thick a coat as an artery and because veins only carry in bloud and arteries carry out therefore arteria venalis is placed in the left ventricle and vena arterialis in the right Both these vessels not farre from their beginning are divided into two branches whereof the one passeth to the right part of the lungs and the other to the left and each of these is subdivided into other branches untill at the last they end in small threeds The greater branches accompany one another so that the vein still marcheth with the arteriae joyned together by many inosculations or anastomoses Betweene them the branches of aspera arteria march These vessels are great because the lungs by reason of their perpetuall motion require much nourishment First the bloud is carried into the lungs by vena arterialis and from hence to arteria venalis by sundry anastomoses and from hence to the left ventricle of the heart Where being made spirituous it is sent by the aorta to impart life to the whole body One thing is to be noted that no aire in its proper substance is carried to the heart for the bloud contained in these two vessels is sufficiently cooled by the bronchia passing between them The bloud is cooled First by staying in the lungs while it is in passing Secondly by touching the bronchia cooled by the attraction of fresh aire And thirdly by the continuall motion of the lungs One thing is to be noted that in arteria venosa a little below the values there is found a little value ever open It being removed there appeareth a hole by the which the blood passeth freely from the vena cava to it and returneth by reason of this anastomosis that the bloud in the veins may be animat CAP. VI. Of the great artery and first of the trunke ascending of the same THe fourth vessell is the great artery called aorta because it receiveth the aire It springeth from the upper part of the left ventricle of the heart where it is largest and hardest Before it come out of the Pericardium it sendeth two small twigs from each side one which compasse the basis of the heart like a garland and send down according to the length of the heart other twigs These are called Coronariae These twigs are more in number and larger about the left ventricle than the right because it requireth greater plenty of nourishment by reason of its stronger motion which digesteth much bloud It is placed between the wind pipe and the vena cava tied to the mouth of the stomack passing under the trunk of vena arteriosa upward when it hath pierced the Pericardium it is divided into two trunks whereof the one is called truncus ascendens the ascending trunk The other descendens the descending Of these two the descending is largest because it ministreth life to more parts This ascending trunk before it passe to the armes is divided into two branches whereof one passeth to the right the other towards the left arme they are called subclavii rami because they march under the canell bones When they are gone out of the brest they are called Axillares From both the lower and upper part of both these branches sundry sprigs doe spring From the upper part proceedeth intercostalis superior which bestoweth twigs upon the distances of the uppermost foure ribs From whence others are sent to the adjacent muscles and the spinalis medulla From the lower springeth that branch which is called Cervicalis but more fitly Vertebralis for it springeth behind where the vertebrae from thence marching upwards it bestoweth twigs upon the spinalis medulla which enter by the passages by the which the nerves as also upon the muscles which are placed in the hinder part of the neck and at the last entereth into the Cranium by that hole by the which the spinalis medulla descendeth from the braine This with its fellow whē it is come to the sell of the wedge-like bone on each side of it betweene the first and second paire of sinews having beene divided cause Plexus choroides The second the Arteria mammaria which accompanying the Vena mammaria is joyned with the epigastrica arteria ascending by inosculation about the navell The third is that called Muscula and is distributed upon the muscles of the neck The fourth is the Soporall one on each side so called because if they be stopped sleep doth immediatly follow These soporall arteries when they are come to the throat they are divided in two branches to wit the externall which is lesser and the internall which is larger The externall bestowed twigs upon the muscles of the face upon the roots of all the teeth of the lower jaw having entered into the cavity of the mandible and going out upon the chin The internall branch when it hath about the throat it hath bestowed twigs upon the tongue and larynx about the lower part of the skull it is divided into two branches whereof the lesser and hindermost accompanying the branch of the internall jugular marcheth toward the hindermost part of the skull and entering at the second hole of the nowle entereth into the hollownesse of the dura mater The formost and the largest when it hath entered into the cavity of the skull thorow it proper hole in the parietall bone and is come to the sell of the wedge-like bone it maketh rete mirabile which in beasts is large but in man very obscure CAP. VII Of the descending trunke of the aorta THE descending trunke of the aorta about the fifth vertebra of the breast bending towards the left side marcheth downwards towards the last vertebra of the loynes In this march it sendeth forth sundry branches which are these 1. Intercostall inferior arteries in number eight 2. Phraenicae two 3. Caeliaca one 4. Mesenterica superior 5. Emulgentes two 6. Spermaticae two 7. Mesenterica inferior 8. Lumbares The inferior intercostall arteries accōpanying the veins and nerves of the same denomination march according to the length of the lower part of the ribs where there is a hollownesse to receive them and in the true ribs end where the cartilages begin but in the short ribs they goe a little further even to the sides of the lower belly These send sprigs by the holes of the nerves to the marrow of the back and to the muscles which rest upon the vertebrae of the back These not only afford spirits and bloud to the intercostall muscles but carry also quittour and water gathered in the cavity of the brest sent by the trunk of the aorta to the bladder by the emulgent arteries according to

vena arteriosa have three Sigmoides So much then concerning the vessels of the Brest now follow the entrals CAP. VIII Of the Heart OF these there are foure the Heart the Lungs the Wind-pipe and part of the Gullet In the explication of the heart First the Swadler is to bee considered and then the substance of the heart it selfe The Swadler called Pericardium or Capsula cordis is a membrane wrapping in the whole heart having the figure of the same having such distance from the heart and to containe the watrish humour It is perforat in five places for the comming in and going out of the vena cava and for egresse of the other three The substance of it is thicke and firme The outer superficies is fibrous but the inner smooth and slippery It is tyed to the Mediastinum and adjacent parts by sundry fibres It doth cleave firmly to the sinewy circle of the midrife but not so in dogs It hath its beginning from the tunicles which compasse the vessels which proceed from the pleura for between the heart and the pericardium the membrane from the pleura is wanting It containeth a watrish substance not sharpe for the refrigeration and humefaction of the heart As in the cavity of the brest a moysture is found like water and bloud mingled together So from the side of our Saviour pierced water and bloud did flow The Pericardium hath veins from the phrenicae and axillar No arteries appeare because it is neere enough to the heart It hath small nerves from the left recurrent As for the heart the substance of it is compact and firme and full of fibres of all sorts The upper part is called hath a small nerve from the sixt conjugation for feeling but not motion for it moveth of it selfe of all the parts of the body it is the hottest for it is the well spring of life and by arteries communicateth it to the rest of the body The heart hath two motions Diastole and Systole In Diastole or dilatation of the heart the conus is drawne from the basis to draw bloud by the cava to the right ventricle and aire by arteria venosa to the left ventricle In Systole or contraction on the conus is drawne to the basis First that the vitall spirit may be thrust from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta Secondly that the arteriall bloud may bee thrust into the lungs by arteria venalis Thirdly that the bloud may bee pressed to the lungs in the right ventricle by vena arterialis The parts of the heart are either externall or internall The externall are the eares The eares are annexed to the firme substance of the heart about the basis of it before the mouths of the vessels They are of a nervous substance for strength yet thin and soft for the easier contraction and dilatation the left is thicker than the right When they are distended they are smooth but being contracted they are wrinckled They are storehouses of the heart for they first receive the aire and bloud lest they immediatly rushing into the heart might offend it and they strengthen the vessels These eares are two in number the right which is greatest this is before the vena cava and the left the lesser before the arteria venosa They are called eares not from the office of hearing but from the likenesse they representing the figure of an eare Death approaching when the heart is immoveable they move so we see that a small gale of wind which moveth not the tree moveth the leaves The internall parts of the heart are the ventricles or cavities and the septum The ventricles are in number two the right and the left The right is larger than the left yet the left hath thicker sides and within is more unequall than the right The right ventricle receiveth bloud from the vena cava to be sent by vena arteriosa to the lungs and reacheth not to the conus The left ventricle is not so wide as the right yet the fleshy circumference is thrice as thick as that of the right It doth elaborat the vitall spirit of the blood and aire drawne in by arteria venosa The septum so called because it separateth the right ventricle from the left is that thick and fleshy substance set between the two cavities Riolan will have the matter of the vitall bloud to passe thorow the holes or porosites of it from the right to the left ventricle but that hardly any instrument can shew them First because they goe not straight but wreathed Secondly because they are exceeding narrow in the end He affirmeth that they are more easily discerned in an Oxe heart boiled CAP. IX Of the Lungs Wind-pipe and Gullet AS for the lungs the substance of them in Infants whilest they are in the wombe is red and compact but after birth because they begin to move with the heart by heat and motion this substance beginneth to be more loose and spongious and of a pale yellow colour that they may the more easily rise and fall to receive the aire and expell superfluities The substance of the lungs is covered with a membrane communicated by the pleura for the vessels as soone as they enter into the substance of the lungs they leave the coat which they borrowed of the pleura and leave it for covering of the lungs This membrane is porous to give way to impurities contained in the cavity of the brest to passe thorow the loose substance of the lungs to be discharged by expectoration When the lungs are blowne up they fill the whole cavity of the brest In figure they are like to an Oxes hoofe The outer part is gibbous the inward hollow the lungs are divided into the right and left part each of these hath two lobes seldome three with the which as with fingers they embrace the heart Nature hath ordained this division that if one side of the lungs should be hurt the other might discharge the office The lungs and brest are divided by the benefit of the mediastinum which is a double membrane framed of the pleura for the pleura beginning at the back passeth to the sternum by the sides when it is come to the middle of the sternum it directly from thence passes to the back againe The cavity which the reduplication of the pleura leaveth here is above wider but towards the back narrower and narrower untill the membranes be united Penetrating wounds going no further than this cavity are not deadly The mediastinum is softer than the pleura The lungs are joyned to the sternum by the mediastinum behind the vertebra of the back towards the sides to the pleura by fibres sometimes they are tyed which causeth difficulty of breathing It is joyned to the heart by vena arteriosa and arteria venosa The lungs have three vessels vena arteriosa arteria venosa and trachaea arteria these two marching together have betweene them inserted a branch of the

and from thence sent to the kidnyes by the emulgent arteries These are in number 2. one in each side which accompany the veins to the kidny slope wayes Whither when they are come they are divided in two branches whereof the one is implanted in the lower the other in the upper part of the hollow part of the kidny The nerves on each side spring either from ramus stomachicus and that is but one and smal and is spred thorow the proper coat from hence ariseth the consent betweene the kidnyes and the stomack So that vomiting is troublesome in nephriticall diseases One may think that nature hath afforded arteries larger than was requisit to afford life to so small bodies as the kidnies are But it was fit so to bee for the passages were to bee parent which were to discharge the heart and arteries of serosity The artery lyeth between the veine and the vreter partly to hasten the bloud to the kidney partly speedily to discharge the watrishnesse The veins and arteries are not joyned with the water pipes for if you put a catheter into the ureter by blowing the vessel will not swell CAP. XVIII Of the vreters THe ureters in Latine meatus urinarii are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 either from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to pisse or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they keepe the urine There is one in each side They are white vessels like to veines yet they are whiter thicker and more nervous They reach from the kidny to the bladder They have two coats the one common from the peritonaeum the other proper from the externall or common coat it hath capillar veins and arteries It hath few oblique fibres but most straight It springeth from the bladder for it cannot be severed from it easily as from the kidnyes Yet it differeth from the bladder in two things First in that the bladder hath three coats but it only two Secondly the bladder hath all sorts of fibres but the ureter hath most straight few oblique They are inserted in the back and lower part of the bladder not farre from the muscle sphincter between the two proper coats of it about the length of an inch This insertion is oblique to hinder the regurgitation of the urin when the bladder is either compressed or distended with urine Although the ureter doth not ordinarily exceed in compasse a barley corne yet when stones doe passe it becommeth sometimes as large as a gut CAP. XIX Of the bladder THe bladder is seated in the hypogastrium in the place called pelvis Of substance it is membranous becanse it was to admit large stretching The membranes of it are three The first is from the paeritonaeum for it is lapped within the reduplication of it The second is thicker and indued with many straight fibres which Aqua pendens will have to bee a muscle serving for the compression of the bladder as the sphincter serveth for constriction The third and innermost is white bright of exquisit sense as they can witnesse who are troubled with the stone It hath all sorts of fibres Within it is covered with a mucous crust an excrement of the third concoction of the bladder This doth mitigate the acrimony of the Urine It is perforat in three parts to wit in the sides where the ureters are to let in the urine and before to let out the urine The bladder hath two parts to wit the bottom and the neck Both these in figure represent a peare The bottome is upholden by the navell First in the middle by the ligament called vrachus which is the cause sometimes that they who have a great stone in the bladder complaine of great paine about the navell Secondly by the umbilicall arteries dryed laterally If the bladder were not suspended a man going straight up the bottome of the bladder would compresse the neck and cause difficulty in making of water In man it lyeth betweene the os pubis and the intestinum rectum In women between the neck of the matrix and os pubis The bladder of man differeth from the bladder of beasts in two things First the bladder in man is couched within the redoplication of the peritonaeum but in beasts it is loose and onely is tied to the intestinum rectum Secondly the bladder of man hath fat without but the bladder of beasts none In it stones are promptly engendered because the heat of it is compact So red hot iron burneth worse than the flame of fire There is a great consent betweene the bladder and kidnies So that in diseases of the kidnies difficulty in making of water sometimes happeneth The causes of this consent are two First the communion of office for both serve for the excretion of urine Secondly the similitude of substance for both the inside of the kidnies and the bladder are membranous One thing is to be noted that a bladder is bestowed onely upon such creatures as have bloudy lungs and the hotter the lungs are the bigger the bladder is So man according to his stature hath of all living creatures the biggest bladder According to Aristot. lib. 1. Histor. Animal Because the bladder is of a cold temperature therefore in deadly diseases of it sleepinesse oppresseth the patient according to Hippoc. 6. epidem In the neck onely the muscle sphincter doth offer it selfe to be considered whereof read in the doctrine of muscles It hath veins and arteries called Hypogastricae implanted on every side of the neck which are immediatly divided into two branches wherof the one is bestowed upon the bottome but the other upon the neck It hath remarkable nerves partly from those of the sixth conjugation which passe by the roots of the ribs partly from those which spring last from os sacrum The use of the bladder is to containe the urine like a chamber pot untill the time of excretion come when the bladder is full CAP. XX. Of the generation of blood FIrst of all every nourishment receiveth a preparation in the mouth If it be solid it is chewed by the teeth from the mouth by swallowing it is turned to stomack It being embraced by the stomack and kept for a while is turned into chylus partly by the specricall heat of the stomack it selfe partly by the heat of the adjacent parts but chiefly of the liver spleen and caull The chylus being made light by concoction it riseth up and passeth to the pylorus and procureth the opening of it This being opened the stomack by its transverse fibres thrusteth the chylus into duodedum From hence it passeth more and more downwards by degrees The wrinkles of the small guts hinder the suddaine passage of it to procure an equall concoction of all the parts of it In the meane time the venae lacteae draw from the small guts whatsoever

Spigelius lib. 6. cap. 4. whereas Fallopius will have these m●ters to be sent by vena sintpari but this a shorter way Phrenicae are two one on each side they spring from the trunk as soone as it is come out of the cavity of the brest and being spread into many twigs whereof the most are bestowed upon the lower part of the midrife where the vertebra of the back are and some also upon the upper part which afterward passe to the pericardium where it cleaveth to the midrife Caeliaca is one so called because it sendeth twigs to the stomack This springeth from the fore-part of the trunk This bestoweth branches upon the stomack liver gall caule the duodenum the beginning of the jejunum to a part of Colon to the Pancreas and spleene Mesenterica superior doth arise a little below the caeliaca accompanying the vena mesaraica It bestoweth many twigs upon the hungry and ilium gut as also upon that part of Colon which lieth betweene the hollow part of the liver and the right kidny So that this branch is bestowed upon the upper part of the mesentery The Emulgent arteries are two the right and the left They spring from both the sides of the trunk under the former where the first and second vertebra of the loines are coupled by a ligament The left is lower than the right These when they are come to the kidnies are divided into two branches which are inserted into the cavities of the kidnies and by innumerable small twigs are spent upon the substance of the kidnies The use of these besides the common is to discharge the serosity of the arteries whereof they have great store Spermatica or seminales the Seminary they are in like manner two which spring from the forepart of the trunk The left artery doth not spring from the left emulgent artery as the vein doth These marching downward accompany the veins of their side In men they are carried to the stones by the productions of the peritonaeum but in women when they are come neere to the stones they are divided in two branches whereof the one is bestowed upon the stones and the other upon the bottome of the matrix in the sides of it Mesenterica inferior it springeth about the os sacrum from the trunk a little above before it sendeth forth the rami iliaci It is bestowed upon the left part of the Colon and the rectum and accompanieth the Hemorrhidicall veins to the anus Lumbares rami the Loyne branches in number foure They spring from the back-part of the descending trunk of the aorta These passe to the vertebrae of the loynes and their marrow by their holes as also to the adjacent muscles Some things here offer themselves to be observed 1. That when either the colicke is changed into the gout or cōtrariwise the gout into the colick if the lest happen then the humours are sent from the crurall arteries to the trunke and from thence to the mesentericall branches of the arteries and from thence to the guts If the first happen then the humours passe the contrary way Read Hip. 6. Epid. Sect. 4. 2. If the colick turn either to a palsey or falling sicknesse as it may fall out according to aegenet lib. 3. cap. 43. then the humour doth returne from the Colon by the mesentericall arteries to the trunke and from hence to the Lumbares which being filled compresse the adjacent nerves from whence difficulty of going insueth which may be called an imperfect palsey If the falling sicknesse be pr●cured the humour is sent to the groyne arteries and thence to the braine 3. Clysters may purge the whole body for the clyster moistning the whole Colon may by the twigs of the arteries draw noysome humours from the trunk and when purgation is caused by anointing the navill which often falled out in using the unction for the pox or vomiting by ministring a clyster wherein white hellebore is first the arteries draw the force of the medicaments and this same faculty againt doth purge by the arteries 9. Arteriae sacrae or those branches which goe to the os sacrum They spring from the lower part of the trunk before it sendeth out the Rami ili●ci They are somewhat large They marching downeward and leaning upon the os sacrum enter into the holes of it and so passe to the marrow and hinder part of the same By these the matter which causeth the colick may passe to procure the palsey of the legs Iliace arteriae these arising below the former about the lower vertibra of the loynes and mount above the vein lest it should be hurt by the hardnesse of the os sacrum in their continuall motion They being in number two large branches called Arteriae iliaca or flancke arteries and marching downward to the thigh obliquely they represent the Greeke Y. inverted These a little below the division of the trunk are subdivided into two branches to wit the internall or lesser Iliaca and the externall or greater The internall hath two branches The one is called Glutaea and with a vein of the same denomination and is bestowed upon the muscles which make up the buttocks The other is called Hypogastrica This is large this being carried directly to the lower part of the os sacrum in men it bestoweth twigs to the bottom and neck of the bladder and to the straight Gut but in women wherein it is larger it sendeth plenty of twigs upon the bottome and neck of the matrix besides the former parts The externall or greater hath two branches The first is called Epigastrica It springeth from the outer part of the artery a little before it passe thorow the Peritonaeum and turning upwards it mounteth upwards by the inner side of the straight muscle of the belly and about the navill it is inosculat with the arteries descending The second is called pudenda this is but a small branch and when it is come out of the Peritonaeum it passeth obliquely by the joyning of the os pubis and is bestowed upon the skin of the secret parts One thing is to be noted that the Arteria umbilicalis springeth from the internall Iliaca and going alongst the great artery is firmly tyed to the bladder by strong membranes When the child is in the belly it is hollow but without hollownes when the infant is come About the orifice of these vessels II. values are to be seene if the ventricles of the heart be dissected transverse neere to the bajis Of these some are called trisulcae and resemble a barbed arrow some semilunares or Sigmoides because they resemble a halfe moone or the Greeke leetter called C. Those bend inwards because they are set before the vessels which carry in bloud These bend outward because they are appointed for the vessels which carry out the bloud The Vena cava hath three Trisulcae but the Arteria venosa two The Aorta and